1
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Tong D, Tang Y, Zhong P. The emerging roles of histone demethylases in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:795-821. [PMID: 38227150 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of histone methylation status is regarded as an important mechanism of epigenetic regulation and has substantial clinical potential for the therapy of diseases, including cancer and other disorders. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the enzymology of histone demethylases, as well as their cancerous roles, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic possibilities, and challenges for targeting them, in order to advance drug design for clinical therapy and highlight new insight into the mechanisms of these enzymes in cancer. A series of clinical trials have been performed to explore potential roles of histone demethylases in several cancer types. Numerous targeted inhibitors associated with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy have been used to exert anticancer functions. Future studies should evaluate the dynamic transformation of histone demethylases leading to carcinogenesis and explore individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Tong
- Department of Urological Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yi J, Wang L, Du J, Wang M, Shen H, Liu Z, Qin Y, Liu J, Hu G, Xiao R, Ding J, Chen X, Wang H, Huang H, Ouyang G, Liu W. ER-localized JmjC domain-containing protein JMJD8 targets STING to promote immune evasion and tumor growth in breast cancer. Dev Cell 2023; 58:760-778.e6. [PMID: 37054705 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The STING-mediated type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway has been shown to play critical roles in antitumor immunity. Here, we demonstrate that an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized JmjC domain-containing protein, JMJD8, inhibits STING-induced type I IFN responses to promote immune evasion and breast tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, JMJD8 competes with TBK1 for binding with STING, blocking STING-TBK1 complex formation and restricting type I IFN and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression as well as immune cell infiltration. JMJD8 knockdown improves the efficacy of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy in treating both human and mouse breast cancer cell-derived implanted tumors. The clinical relevance is highlighted in that JMJD8 is highly expressed in human breast tumor samples, and its expression is inversely correlated with that of type I IFN and ISGs as well as immune cell infiltration. Overall, our study found that JMJD8 regulates type I IFN responses, and targeting JMJD8 triggers antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Xiamen University-Amogene Joint R&D Center for Genetic Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guosheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rongquan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiancheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hongjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Dongxia North Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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3
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Hashemi M, Arani HZ, Orouei S, Fallah S, Ghorbani A, Khaledabadi M, Kakavand A, Tavakolpournegari A, Saebfar H, Heidari H, Salimimoghadam S, Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. EMT mechanism in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance: Revisiting molecular interactions and biological functions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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4
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Kim JJ, Kingston RE. Context-specific Polycomb mechanisms in development. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:680-695. [PMID: 35681061 PMCID: PMC9933872 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are crucial chromatin regulators that maintain repression of lineage-inappropriate genes and are therefore required for stable cell fate. Recent advances show that PcG proteins form distinct multi-protein complexes in various cellular environments, such as in early development, adult tissue maintenance and cancer. This surprising compositional diversity provides the basis for mechanistic diversity. Understanding this complexity deepens and refines the principles of PcG complex recruitment, target-gene repression and inheritance of memory. We review how the core molecular mechanism of Polycomb complexes operates in diverse developmental settings and propose that context-dependent changes in composition and mechanism are essential for proper epigenetic regulation in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin J. Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and MGH Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert E. Kingston
- Department of Molecular Biology and MGH Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,
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5
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Blackledge NP, Klose RJ. The molecular principles of gene regulation by Polycomb repressive complexes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:815-833. [PMID: 34400841 PMCID: PMC7612013 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of gene expression is fundamental to cell function and development. Although ultimately gene expression relies on DNA-binding transcription factors to guide the activity of the transcription machinery to genes, it has also become clear that chromatin and histone post-translational modification have fundamental roles in gene regulation. Polycomb repressive complexes represent a paradigm of chromatin-based gene regulation in animals. The Polycomb repressive system comprises two central protein complexes, Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, which are essential for normal gene regulation and development. Our early understanding of Polycomb function relied on studies in simple model organisms, but more recently it has become apparent that this system has expanded and diverged in mammals. Detailed studies are now uncovering the molecular mechanisms that enable mammalian PRC1 and PRC2 to identify their target sites in the genome, communicate through feedback mechanisms to create Polycomb chromatin domains and control transcription to regulate gene expression. In this Review, we discuss and contextualize the emerging principles that define how this fascinating chromatin-based system regulates gene expression in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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6
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Yang Y, Zhao B, Lv L, Yang Y, Li S, Wu H. FBXL10 promotes EMT and metastasis of breast cancer cells via regulating the acetylation and transcriptional activity of SNAI1. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:328. [PMID: 34718323 PMCID: PMC8557203 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 10 (FBXL10) has been reported to play a regulatory role in the initiation and development of breast cancer. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that FBXL10 may involve in the process of cytoskeleton organization. This research aimed to investigate the function of FBXL10 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis of breast cancer, and tried to reveal the molecular mechanism involved in this issue. Functional experiments in vitro revealed that FBXL10 promoted the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through inhibiting E-cadherin expression and inducing EMT. Mechanical studies revealed that FBXL10 could specifically interact with SNAI1, but not Slug or ZEB1. And it promoted the transcriptional repression activity of SNAI1 on CDH1 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, FBXL10 had a positive role for the deacetylation of SNAI1 by facilitating the interaction between SNAI1 and HDAC1, a dominating deacetylase of SNAI1. And the deacetylated SNAI1 showed a more suppressive ability to inhibit the transcription of E-cadherin. Moreover, mouse models were also conducted to confirm the effect of FBXL10 on the lung metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. Totally, our data revealed that FBXL10 served as a pro-metastatic factor in breast cancer via repressing the expression of E-cadherin and inducing EMT. It may provide a novel regulatory axis in the EMT of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
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7
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Yang Y, Li S, Li B, Li Y, Xia K, Aman S, Yang Y, Ahmad B, Zhao B, Wu H. FBXL10 promotes ERRα protein stability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by enhancing the mono-ubiquitylation of ERRα. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:108-119. [PMID: 33450359 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanism of orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) in breast cancer was investigated by identifying its interaction partners using mass spectrometry. F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 10 (FBXL10), which modulates various physiological processes, may interact with ERRα in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the interaction between FBXL10 and ERRα, and their protein expression and correlation in breast cancer. Mechanical studies revealed that FBXL10 stabilized ERRα protein levels by reducing its poly-ubiquitylation and promoting its mono-ubiquitylation. The reporter gene assay and examination of ERRα target genes validated the increased transcriptional activity of ERRα due to its increased protein levels by FBXL10. FBXL10 also increased ERRα enrichment at the promoter region of its target genes. Functionally, FBXL10 facilitated the ERRα/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 β (PGC1β)-mediated proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results uncovered a molecular mechanism linking the mono-ubiquitylation and protein stability of ERRα to functional interaction with FBXL10. Moreover, a novel regulatory axis of FBXL10 and ERRα regulating the proliferation and tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kangkai Xia
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sattout Aman
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
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8
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Identification of Structural Elements of the Lysine Specific Demethylase 2B CxxC Domain Associated with Replicative Senescence Bypass in Primary Mouse Cells. Protein J 2020; 39:232-239. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Liu K, Min J. Structural Basis for the Recognition of Non-methylated DNA by the CXXC Domain. J Mol Biol 2020:S0022-2836(19)30591-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Nakagawa T, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI. Knockout Mouse Models Provide Insight into the Biological Functions of CRL1 Components. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:147-171. [PMID: 31898227 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CRL1 complex, also known as the SCF complex, is a ubiquitin ligase that in mammals consists of an adaptor protein (SKP1), a scaffold protein (CUL1), a RING finger protein (RBX1, also known as ROC1), and one of about 70 F-box proteins. Given that the F-box proteins determine the substrate specificity of the CRL1 complex, the variety of these proteins allows the generation of a large number of ubiquitin ligases that promote the degradation or regulate the function of many substrate proteins and thereby control numerous key cellular processes. The physiological and pathological functions of these many CRL1 ubiquitin ligases have been studied by the generation and characterization of knockout mouse models that lack specific CRL1 components. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of these mouse models and discuss the role of each CRL1 component in mouse physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nakagawa
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, ART, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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11
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Turberfield AH, Kondo T, Nakayama M, Koseki Y, King HW, Koseki H, Klose RJ. KDM2 proteins constrain transcription from CpG island gene promoters independently of their histone demethylase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9005-9023. [PMID: 31363749 PMCID: PMC6753492 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG islands (CGIs) are associated with the majority of mammalian gene promoters and function to recruit chromatin modifying enzymes. It has therefore been proposed that CGIs regulate gene expression through chromatin-based mechanisms, however in most cases this has not been directly tested. Here, we reveal that the histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) demethylase activity of the CGI-binding KDM2 proteins contributes only modestly to the H3K36me2-depleted state at CGI-associated gene promoters and is dispensable for normal gene expression. Instead, we discover that KDM2 proteins play a widespread and demethylase-independent role in constraining gene expression from CGI-associated gene promoters. We further show that KDM2 proteins shape RNA Polymerase II occupancy but not chromatin accessibility at CGI-associated promoters. Together this reveals a demethylase-independent role for KDM2 proteins in transcriptional repression and uncovers a new function for CGIs in constraining gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yoko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hamish W King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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12
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Ou R, Zhu L, Zhao L, Li W, Tao F, Lu Y, He Q, Li J, Ren Y, Xu Y. HPV16 E7-induced upregulation of KDM2A promotes cervical cancer progression by regulating miR-132-radixin pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2659-2671. [PMID: 30132864 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and viral proteins expression cause a number of epigenetic alterations leading to cervical carcinogenesis. The recent discovery of a large amount of histone methylation modifiers reveals important roles of these enzymes in regulating tumor progression. METHODS The changes in expression of 48 histone methylation modifiers were assessed following knockdown of HPV16 E7 in CaSki cells. Lysine-specific demethylase 2A (KDM2A)-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in cervical cancer pathogenesis were disclosed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The function of KDM2A-miRNAs on cervical cancer was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Upregulation of KDM2A induced by HPV16 E7 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion and is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. KDM2A physically interacts with the promoter of miR-132 and suppresses its expression by removing the mono or dimethyl group from H3K36 at the miR-132 locus. Functionally, miR-132 represses cancer cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting radixin (RDX). Upregulated KDM2A promotes cervical cancer progression by repressing miR-132, which results in a derepression of RDX. Therefore, KDM2A functions as a tumor activator in cervical cancer pathogenesis by binding miR-132 promoter and abrogating its tumor suppressive function. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a function for KDM2A in cervical cancer progression and suggest its candidacy as a new prognostic biomarker and target for clinical management of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Ou
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linyu Zhu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Division of PET/CT, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fengxing Tao
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Lu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin He
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Dermatovenereology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Galbiati A, Penzo M, Bacalini MG, Onofrillo C, Guerrieri AN, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Treré D, Montanaro L. Epigenetic up-regulation of ribosome biogenesis and more aggressive phenotype triggered by the lack of the histone demethylase JHDM1B in mammary epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37091-37103. [PMID: 28415746 PMCID: PMC5514893 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The alterations of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis play a direct role in the development of tumors. The accessibility and transcription of ribosomal genes is controlled at several levels, with their epigenetic regulation being one of the most important. Here we explored the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase 1B (JHDM1B) function in the epigenetic control of rDNA transcription. Since JHDM1B is a negative regulator of gene transcription, we focused on the effects induced by JHDM1B knock-down (KD). We studied the consequences of stable inducible JHDM1B silencing in cell lines derived from transformed and untransformed mammary epithelial cells. In these cellular models, prolonged JHDM1B downregulation triggered a surge of 45S pre-rRNA transcription and processing, associated with a re-modulation of the H3K36me2 levels at rDNA loci and with changes in DNA methylation of specific CpG sites in rDNA genes. We also found that after JHDM1B KD, cells showed a higher ribosome content: which were engaged in mRNA translation. JHDM1B KD and the consequent stimulation of ribosomes biogenesis conferred more aggressive features to the tested cellular models, which acquired a greater clonogenic, staminal and invasive potential. Taken together, these data indicate that the reduction of JHDM1B leads to a more aggressive cellular phenotype in mammary gland cells, by virtue of its negative regulatory activity on ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Galbiati
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Penzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Bacalini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ania Naila Guerrieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Treré
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Singh VP, Katta S, Kumar S. WD-repeat protein WDR13 is a novel transcriptional regulator of c-Jun and modulates intestinal homeostasis in mice. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:148. [PMID: 28222755 PMCID: PMC5320654 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background WDR13 is a member of the WD repeat protein family and is expressed in several tissues of human and mice. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that the lack of this gene in mice resulted in mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, enhanced beta cell proliferation and protection from inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action is not well understood. Methods In the present study, we used AOM/DSS to induce colitis-mediated colorectal tumor after establishing expression of Wdr13 gene in colon. Further, we have used human colon cancer cell lines, HT29 and COLO205, and mouse primary embryonic fibroblast to understand the molecular mechanism of WDR13 action. Results We observed that mice lacking Wdr13 gene have reduced number of tumors and are more susceptible to DSS-induced colon ulcers. We also show that WDR13 is a part of multi protein complex c-Jun/NCoR1/HDAC3 and it acts as a transcriptional activator of AP1 target genes in the presence of JNK signal. Consistent with in vitro data, we observed reduced expression of AP1 target genes in colon after AOM/DSS treatment in Wdr13 knockout mice as compared to that in wild type. Conclusion Mice lacking Wdr13 gene showed reduced expression of AP1 target genes and protection from colitis-induced colorectal tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3118-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pratap Singh
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Saritha Katta
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- National Facility for Transgenic and Gene Knockout Mice, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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15
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Polycomb complexes PRC1 and their function in hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2017; 48:12-31. [PMID: 28087428 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are continuously produced, is one of the best studied differentiation pathways. Hematological diseases are associated with reiterated mutations in genes encoding important gene expression regulators, including chromatin regulators. Among them, the Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins is an essential system of gene silencing involved in the maintenance of cell identities during differentiation. PcG proteins assemble into two major types of Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) endowed with distinct histone-tail-modifying activities. PRC1 complexes are histone H2A E3 ubiquitin ligases and PRC2 trimethylates histone H3. Established conceptions about their activities, mostly derived from work in embryonic stem cells, are being modified by new findings in differentiated cells. Here, we focus on PRC1 complexes, reviewing recent evidence on their intricate architecture, the diverse mechanisms of their recruitment to targets, and the different ways in which they engage in transcriptional control. We also discuss hematopoietic PRC1 gain- and loss-of-function mouse strains, including those that model leukemic and lymphoma diseases, in the belief that these genetic analyses provide the ultimate test for molecular mechanisms driving normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies.
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16
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Wong SJ, Gearhart MD, Taylor AB, Nanyes DR, Ha DJ, Robinson AK, Artigas JA, Lee OJ, Demeler B, Hart PJ, Bardwell VJ, Kim CA. KDM2B Recruitment of the Polycomb Group Complex, PRC1.1, Requires Cooperation between PCGF1 and BCORL1. Structure 2016; 24:1795-1801. [PMID: 27568929 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
KDM2B recruits H2A-ubiquitinating activity of a non-canonical Polycomb Repression Complex 1 (PRC1.1) to CpG islands, facilitating gene repression. We investigated the molecular basis of recruitment using in vitro assembly assays to identify minimal components, subcomplexes, and domains required for recruitment. A minimal four-component PRC1.1 complex can be assembled by combining two separately isolated subcomplexes: the DNA-binding KDM2B/SKP1 heterodimer and the heterodimer of BCORL1 and PCGF1, a core component of PRC1.1. The crystal structure of the KDM2B/SKP1/BCORL1/PCGF1 complex illustrates the crucial role played by the PCGF1/BCORL1 heterodimer. The BCORL1 PUFD domain positions residues preceding the RAWUL domain of PCGF1 to create an extended interface for interaction with KDM2B, which is unique to the PCGF1-containing PRC1.1 complex. The structure also suggests how KDM2B might simultaneously function in PRC1.1 and an SCF ubiquitin ligase complex and the possible molecular consequences of BCOR PUFD internal tandem duplications found in pediatric kidney and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA
| | - David R Nanyes
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA
| | - Daniel J Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA
| | - Angela K Robinson
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA
| | - Jason A Artigas
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59(th) Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Oliver J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59(th) Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA
| | - P John Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and CTRC, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MSC 7760, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3990, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Masonic Cancer Center and Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chongwoo A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59(th) Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
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17
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Labonne JDJ, Lee KH, Iwase S, Kong IK, Diamond MP, Layman LC, Kim CH, Kim HG. An atypical 12q24.31 microdeletion implicates six genes including a histone demethylase KDM2B and a histone methyltransferase SETD1B in syndromic intellectual disability. Hum Genet 2016; 135:757-71. [PMID: 27106595 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletion syndromes are frequent causes of neuropsychiatric disorders leading to intellectual disability as well as autistic features accompanied by epilepsy and craniofacial anomalies. From comparative deletion mapping of the smallest microdeletion to date at 12q24.31, found in a patient with overlapping clinical features of 12q24.31 microdeletion syndrome, we narrowed the putative critical region to 445 kb containing seven genes, one microRNA, and one non-coding RNA. Zebrafish in situ hybridization and comprehensive transcript analysis of annotated genes in the panels of human organ and brain suggest that these are all candidates for neurological phenotypes excluding the gene HPD. This is also corroborated by synteny analysis revealing the conservation of the order of these six candidate genes between humans and zebrafish. Among them, we propose histone demethylase KDM2B and histone methyltransferase SETD1B as the two most plausible candidate genes involved in intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy, and craniofacial anomalies. These two chromatin modifiers located approximately 224 kb apart were both commonly deleted in six patients, while two additional patients had either KDM2B or SETD1B deleted. The four additional candidate genes (ORAI1, MORN3, TMEM120B, RHOF), a microRNA MIR548AQ, and a non-coding RNA LINC01089 are localized between KDM2B and SETD1B. The 12q24.31 microdeletion syndrome with syndromic intellectual disability extends the growing list of microdeletion syndromes and underscores the causative roles of chromatin modifiers in cognitive and craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D J Labonne
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kang-Han Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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18
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KDM2B/FBXL10 targets c-Fos for ubiquitylation and degradation in response to mitogenic stimulation. Oncogene 2016; 35:4179-90. [PMID: 26725323 PMCID: PMC4931990 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
KDM2B (also known as FBXL10) controls stem cell self-renewal, somatic cell reprogramming and senescence, and tumorigenesis. KDM2B contains multiple functional domains, including a JmjC domain that catalyzes H3K36 demethylation and a CxxC zing finger that recognizes CpG islands and recruits the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Here, we report that KDM2B, via its F-box domain, functions as a subunit of the CUL1-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL1/SCFKDM2B) complex. KDM2B targets c-Fos for polyubiquitylation and regulates c-Fos protein levels. Unlike the phosphorylation of other SCF/CRL1 substrates that promotes substrates binding to F-box, EGF-induced c-Fos S374 phosphorylation dissociates c-Fos from KDM2B and stabilizes c-Fos protein. Non-phosphorylatable and phosphomimetic mutations at S374 result in c-Fos protein which cannot be induced by EGF and accumulates constitutively and lead to decreased or increased cell proliferation, respectively. Multiple tumor-derived KDM2B mutations impaired the function of KDM2B to target c-Fos degradation and to suppress cell proliferation. These results reveal a novel function of KDM2B in the negative regulation of cell proliferation by assembling an E3 ligase to targeting c-Fos protein degradation that is antagonized by mitogenic stimulations.
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19
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Heo J, Eki R, Abbas T. Deregulation of F-box proteins and its consequence on cancer development, progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 36:33-51. [PMID: 26432751 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins are substrate receptors of the SCF (SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase that play important roles in a number of physiological processes and activities. Through their ability to assemble distinct E3 ubiquitin ligases and target key regulators of cellular activities for ubiquitylation and degradation, this versatile group of proteins is able to regulate the abundance of cellular proteins whose deregulated expression or activity contributes to disease. In this review, we describe the important roles of select F-box proteins in regulating cellular activities, the perturbation of which contributes to the initiation and progression of a number of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Heo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebeka Eki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tarek Abbas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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20
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Randle SJ, Laman H. F-box protein interactions with the hallmark pathways in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 36:3-17. [PMID: 26416465 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
F-box proteins (FBP) are the substrate specifying subunit of Skp1-Cul1-FBP (SCF)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases and are responsible for directing the ubiquitination of numerous proteins essential for cellular function. Due to their ability to regulate the expression and activity of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, FBPs themselves play important roles in cancer development and progression. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of FBPs and their targets in relation to their interaction with the hallmarks of cancer cell biology, including the regulation of proliferation, epigenetics, migration and invasion, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death and DNA damage responses. Each cancer hallmark is revealed to have multiple FBPs which converge on common signalling hubs or response pathways. We also highlight the complex regulatory interplay between SCF-type ligases and other ubiquitin ligases. We suggest six highly interconnected FBPs affecting multiple cancer hallmarks, which may prove sensible candidates for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne J Randle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Laman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom.
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21
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Abstract
In mammals, molecular circadian rhythms are generated by autoregulatory transcriptional-translational feedback loops with PERIOD/CRYPTOCHROME containing complexes inhibiting the transcription of their own genes. Although the major circadian oscillator components seem to be identified, an increasing number of additional factors modulating core clock component functions are being discovered. In a systematic screen using short hairpin RNA in human clock reporter cells, we identified FBXL11 (also known as KDM2A), a histone-demethylase, whose gene dosage is crucial for a correct circadian period. Knockdown of FBXL11 leads to period shortening and overexpression to period lengthening. In addition, altering FBXL11 gene dosage modulates clock gene transcript levels, most prominently that of Nr1d1. FBXL11 exercises its role in the mammalian circadian clock by acting as a negative element on CLOCK/BMAL1 and RORα-induced transcription. It binds directly to the promoter regions of CLOCK/BMAL1-regulated genes via a CXXC-type zinc finger motif in a circadian phase-dependent manner; however, the histone-demethylase activity of FBXL11 is not required for transcriptional repression. Therefore, we propose FBXL11 as a novel component of the circadian clock that regulates the circadian gene expression by a so far unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Reischl
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Liu K, Liu Y, Lau JL, Min J. Epigenetic targets and drug discovery Part 2: Histone demethylation and DNA methylation. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:121-40. [PMID: 25857453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin structure is dynamically modulated by various chromatin modifications, such as histone/DNA methylation and demethylation. We have reviewed histone methyltransferases and methyllysine binders in terms of small molecule screening and drug discovery in the first part of this review series. In this part, we will summarize recent progress in chemical probe and drug discovery of histone demethylases and DNA methyltransferases. Histone demethylation and DNA methylation have attracted a lot of attention regarding their biology and disease implications. Correspondingly, many small molecule compounds have been designed to modulate the activity of histone demethylases and DNA methyltransferases, and some of them have been developed into therapeutic drugs or put into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yanli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Johnathan L Lau
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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23
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Accari SL, Fisher PR. Emerging Roles of JmjC Domain-Containing Proteins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 319:165-220. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Inagaki T, Iwasaki S, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Tanaka T, Abe Y, Yamasaki A, Tsurutani Y, Yoshida A, Chikaoka Y, Nakamura K, Magoori K, Nakaki R, Osborne TF, Fukami K, Aburatani H, Kodama T, Sakai J. The FBXL10/KDM2B scaffolding protein associates with novel polycomb repressive complex-1 to regulate adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4163-77. [PMID: 25533466 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) plays an essential role in the epigenetic repression of gene expression during development and cellular differentiation via multiple effector mechanisms, including ubiquitination of H2A and chromatin compaction. However, whether it regulates the stepwise progression of adipogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that FBXL10/KDM2B is an anti-adipogenic factor that is up-regulated during the early phase of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and in adipose tissue in a diet-induced model of obesity. Interestingly, inhibition of adipogenesis does not require the JmjC demethylase domain of FBXL10, but it does require the F-box and leucine-rich repeat domains, which we show recruit a noncanonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) containing RING1B, SKP1, PCGF1, and BCOR. Knockdown of either RING1B or SKP1 prevented FBXL10-mediated repression of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation indicating that PRC1 formation mediates the inhibitory effect of FBXL10 on adipogenesis. Using ChIP-seq, we show that FBXL10 recruits RING1B to key specific genomic loci surrounding the key cell cycle and the adipogenic genes Cdk1, Uhrf1, Pparg1, and Pparg2 to repress adipogenesis. These results suggest that FBXL10 represses adipogenesis by targeting a noncanonical PRC1 complex to repress key genes (e.g. Pparg) that control conversion of pluripotent cells into the adipogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Inagaki
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine, the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,
| | | | | | - Takeshi Kawamura
- the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan, Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine, the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan, Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine
| | - Yohei Abe
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine
| | | | | | - Ayano Yoshida
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine, the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoko Chikaoka
- the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan, Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine, the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kenta Magoori
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine, the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Timothy F Osborne
- the Metabolic Disease Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827, and
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- the Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan, Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | | | - Juro Sakai
- From the Division of Metabolic Medicine, the Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,
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25
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Corley M, Kroll KL. The roles and regulation of Polycomb complexes in neural development. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:65-85. [PMID: 25367430 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the developing mammalian nervous system, common progenitors integrate both cell extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory programs to produce distinct neuronal and glial cell types as development proceeds. This spatiotemporal restriction of neural progenitor differentiation is enforced, in part, by the dynamic reorganization of chromatin into repressive domains by Polycomb repressive complexes, effectively limiting the expression of fate-determining genes. Here, we review the distinct roles that Polycomb repressive complexes play during neurogenesis and gliogenesis, while also highlighting recent work describing the molecular mechanisms that govern their dynamic activity in neural development. Further investigation of the way in which Polycomb complexes are regulated in neural development will enable more precise manipulation of neural progenitor differentiation facilitating the efficient generation of specific neuronal and glial cell types for many biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Corley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 320 McDonnell Sciences Building, Campus Box 8103, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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26
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A developmental genetic analysis of the lysine demethylase KDM2 mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Dev 2014; 133:36-53. [PMID: 25016215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones plays essential roles in the transcriptional regulation of genes in eukaryotes. Methylation on basic residues of histones is regulated by histone methyltransferases and histone demethylases, and misregulation of these enzymes has been linked to a range of diseases such as cancer. Histone lysine demethylase 2 (KDM2) family proteins have been shown to either promote or suppress tumorigenesis in different human malignancies. However, the roles and regulation of KDM2 in development are poorly understood, and the exact roles of KDM2 in regulating demethylation remain controversial. Since KDM2 proteins are highly conserved in multicellular animals, we analyzed the KDM2 ortholog in Drosophila. We have observed that dKDM2 is a nuclear protein and its level fluctuates during fly development. We generated three deficiency lines that disrupt the dKdm2 locus, and together with 10 transposon insertion lines within the dKdm2 locus, we characterized the developmental defects of these alleles. The alleles of dKdm2 define three phenotypic classes, and the intragenic complementation observed among these alleles and our subsequent analyses suggest that dKDM2 is not required for viability. In addition, loss of dKDM2 appears to have rather weak effects on histone H3 lysine 36 and 4 methylation (H3K36me and H3K4me) in the third instar wandering larvae, and we observed no effect on methylation of H3K9me2, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 in dKdm2 mutants. Taken together, these genetic, molecular and biochemical analyses suggest that dKDM2 is not required for viability of flies, indicating that dKdm2 is likely redundant with other histone lysine demethylases in regulating normal development in Drosophila.
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Fueyo R, García MA, Martínez-Balbás MA. Jumonji family histone demethylases in neural development. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:87-98. [PMID: 24950624 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) development is driven by coordinated actions of developmental signals and chromatin regulators that precisely regulate gene expression patterns. Histone methylation is a regulatory mechanism that controls transcriptional programs. In the last 10 years, several histone demethylases (HDM) have been identified as important players in neural development, and their implication in cell fate decisions is beginning to be recognized. Identification of the physiological roles of these enzymes and their molecular mechanisms of action will be necessary for completely understanding the process that ultimately generates different neural cells in the CNS. In this review, we provide an overview of the Jumonji family of HDMs involved in neurodevelopment, and we discuss their roles during neural fate establishment and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fueyo
- Department of Molecular Genomics, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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A DNA-centric protein interaction map of ultraconserved elements reveals contribution of transcription factor binding hubs to conservation. Cell Rep 2013; 5:531-45. [PMID: 24139795 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) have been the subject of great interest because of their extreme sequence identity and their seemingly cryptic and largely uncharacterized functions. Although in vivo studies of UCE sequences have demonstrated regulatory activity, protein interactors at UCEs have not been systematically identified. Here, we combined high-throughput affinity purification, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and SILAC quantification to map intrinsic protein interactions for 193 UCE sequences. The interactome contains over 400 proteins, including transcription factors with known developmental roles. We demonstrate based on our data that UCEs consist of strongly conserved overlapping binding sites. We also generated a fine-resolution interactome of a UCE, confirming the hub-like nature of the element. The intrinsic interactions mapped here are reflected in open chromatin, as indicated by comparison with existing ChIP data. Our study argues for a strong contribution of protein-DNA interactions to UCE conservation and provides a basis for further functional characterization of UCEs.
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Losman JA, Kaelin WG. What a difference a hydroxyl makes: mutant IDH, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate, and cancer. Genes Dev 2013; 27:836-52. [PMID: 23630074 DOI: 10.1101/gad.217406.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in metabolic enzymes, including isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2, in cancer strongly implicate altered metabolism in tumorigenesis. IDH1 and IDH2 catalyze the interconversion of isocitrate and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG). 2OG is a TCA cycle intermediate and an essential cofactor for many enzymes, including JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases, TET 5-methylcytosine hydroxylases, and EglN prolyl-4-hydroxylases. Cancer-associated IDH mutations alter the enzymes such that they reduce 2OG to the structurally similar metabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(R)-2HG]. Here we review what is known about the molecular mechanisms of transformation by mutant IDH and discuss their implications for the development of targeted therapies to treat IDH mutant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Fbxl10/Kdm2b Recruits Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 to CpG Islands and Regulates H2A Ubiquitylation. Mol Cell 2013; 49:1134-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Farcas AM, Blackledge NP, Sudbery I, Long HK, McGouran JF, Rose NR, Lee S, Sims D, Cerase A, Sheahan TW, Koseki H, Brockdorff N, Ponting CP, Kessler BM, Klose RJ. KDM2B links the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to recognition of CpG islands. eLife 2012; 1:e00205. [PMID: 23256043 PMCID: PMC3524939 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG islands (CGIs) are associated with most mammalian gene promoters. A subset of CGIs act as polycomb response elements (PREs) and are recognized by the polycomb silencing systems to regulate expression of genes involved in early development. How CGIs function mechanistically as nucleation sites for polycomb repressive complexes remains unknown. Here we discover that KDM2B (FBXL10) specifically recognizes non-methylated DNA in CGIs and recruits the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). This contributes to histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitylation (H2AK119ub1) and gene repression. Unexpectedly, we also find that CGIs are occupied by low levels of PRC1 throughout the genome, suggesting that the KDM2B-PRC1 complex may sample CGI-associated genes for susceptibility to polycomb-mediated silencing. These observations demonstrate an unexpected and direct link between recognition of CGIs by KDM2B and targeting of the polycomb repressive system. This provides the basis for a new model describing the functionality of CGIs as mammalian PREs.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00205.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca M Farcas
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation, play essential roles in regulating chromatin dynamics. Combinations of different modifications on the histone proteins, termed 'histone code' in many cases, extend the information potential of the genetic code by regulating DNA at the epigenetic level. Many PTMs occur on non-histone proteins as well as histones, regulating protein-protein interactions, stability, localization, and/or enzymatic activities of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. Although protein phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and acetylation have been extensively studied, only a few proteins other than histones have been reported that can be modified by lysine methylation. This review summarizes the current progress on lysine methylation of non-histone proteins, and we propose that lysine methylation, like phosphorylation and acetylation, is a common PTM that regulates proteins in diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
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Nakamura S, Tan L, Nagata Y, Takemura T, Asahina A, Yokota D, Yagyu T, Shibata K, Fujisawa S, Ohnishi K. JmjC-domain containing histone demethylase 1B-mediated p15(Ink4b) suppression promotes the proliferation of leukemic progenitor cells through modulation of cell cycle progression in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Carcinog 2011; 52:57-69. [PMID: 22086844 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The histone demethylase JHDM1B has been implicated in cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. In addition, it has been reported that JHDM1B is highly expressed in various human tumors, including leukemias. However, it is not clearly understood how JHDM1B contributes to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular function of JHDM1B in AML cells. In AML cell lines and AML-derived ALDH(hi) (high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity)/CD34(+) cells, the levels of JHDM1B mRNA were significantly higher than in normal ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells. Reduction of JHDM1B expression in AML cells inhibited cell proliferation compared to control cells, through induction of G1 cell cycle arrest, an increase in the p15(Ink4b) mRNA and protein expression. JHDM1B mRNA was overexpressed in all 133 AML clinical specimens tested (n = 22, 57, 34, and 20 for M1, 2, 4, and 5 subtypes respectively). Compared to normal ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells, JHDM1B gene expression was 1.57- to 1.87-fold higher in AML-derived ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells. Moreover, the JHDM1B protein was more strongly expressed in AML-derived ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells from compared to normal ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells. In addition, depletion of JHDM1B reduced colony formation of AML-derived ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells due to induction of p15(Ink4b) expression through direct binding to p15(Ink4b) promoter and loss of demethylation of H3K36me2. In summary, we found that JHDM1B mRNA is predominantly expressed in AML-derived ALDH(hi) /CD34(+) cells, and that aberrant expression of JHDM1B induces AML cell proliferation through modulation of cell cycle progression. Thus, inhibition of JHDM1B expression represents an attractive target for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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Rotili D, Mai A. Targeting Histone Demethylases: A New Avenue for the Fight against Cancer. Genes Cancer 2011; 2:663-79. [PMID: 21941621 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911417976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic disorders, epigenetic alterations have been shown to be involved in cancer, through misregulation of histone modifications. Miswriting, misreading, and mis-erasing of histone acetylation as well as methylation marks can be actually associated with oncogenesis and tumor proliferation. Historically, methylation of Arg and Lys residues has been considered a stable, irreversible process due to the slow turnover of methyl groups in chromatin. The discovery in recent years of a large number of histone Lys demethylases (KDMs, belonging to either the amino oxidase or the JmjC family) totally changed this point of view and suggested a new role for dynamic histone methylation in biological processes. Since overexpression, alteration, or mutation of a number of KDMs has been found in many types of cancers, such enzymes could represent diagnostic tools as well as epigenetic targets to modulate for obtaining novel therapeutic weapons against cancer. The first little steps in this direction are described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Rotili
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Habibi E, Masoudi-Nejad A, Abdolmaleky HM, Haggarty SJ. Emerging roles of epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease. Funct Integr Genomics 2011; 11:523-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-011-0246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Konuma T, Nakamura S, Miyagi S, Negishi M, Chiba T, Oguro H, Yuan J, Mochizuki-Kashio M, Ichikawa H, Miyoshi H, Vidal M, Iwama A. Forced expression of the histone demethylase Fbxl10 maintains self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:697-709.e5. [PMID: 21540074 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The methylation status of histones changes dramatically depending on cellular context and defines cell type-specific gene expression profiles. Histone demethylases have recently been implicated in this process. However, it is unknown how histone demethylases function in the maintenance of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We profiled the expression of histone demethylase genes in mouse hematopoietic cells and listed genes preferentially expressed in HSCs. We analyzed the impact of a selected gene by transducing CD34(-)c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)lineage marker(-) (CD34(-)KSL) HSCs using retroviral system followed by in vitro methylcellulose colony assays and in vivo competitive repopulation assays. RESULTS We found that F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 10 (Fbxl10, also known as Jhdm1b or Kdm2b), is highly expressed in CD34(-)KSL HSCs. Fbxl10 encodes a demethylase specific to the histone H3 mono/di-methylated at lysine 36 (H3K36me1/me2) and forms complexes with polycomb-group proteins, essential regulators of HSCs. Forced expression of Fbxl10 in HSCs expanded numbers of colony-forming cells with multilineage differentiation potential in culture and prevented exhaustion of the long-term repopulating potential of HSCs following serial transplantation. Fbxl10 tightly repressed the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes, including Ink4a, Ink4b, and Ink4c, through direct binding to their promoters and gene bodies and demethylation at H3K36. Increased levels of mono-ubiquitylation of H2A at target loci also suggested the collaboration of Fbxl10 with polycomb-group proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our findings implicate Fbxl10 in the maintenance of self-renewal capacity of HSCs, thus highlight a role of histone demethylation for the first time in the epigenetic regulation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Konuma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; JST, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
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Rose NR, McDonough MA, King ONF, Kawamura A, Schofield CJ. Inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:4364-97. [PMID: 21390379 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases are ubiquitous iron enzymes that couple substrate oxidation to the conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. In humans their roles include collagen biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, DNA repair, RNA and chromatin modifications, and hypoxic sensing. Commercial applications of 2OG oxygenase inhibitors began with plant growth retardants, and now extend to a clinically used pharmaceutical compound for cardioprotection. Several 2OG oxygenases are now being targeted for therapeutic intervention for diseases including anaemia, inflammation and cancer. In this critical review, we describe studies on the inhibition of 2OG oxygenases, focusing on small molecules, and discuss the potential of 2OG oxygenases as therapeutic targets (295 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Rose
- Department of Chemistry and the Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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F-box protein 10, an NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic protein, regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through modulating c-Fos/c-FLIP pathway. Cell Death Differ 2011; 18:1184-95. [PMID: 21252908 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces selective apoptotic death of human cancer cells while sparing normal human cells. Although TRAIL holds great promise as a potential anticancer agent, some tumors develop resistance to TRAIL. Previously, we have shown that the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family member, c-Fos, is an important modulator of apoptosis. Although F- box protein 10 (FBXL10) has been implicated to regulate an AP-1 family protein, c-Jun, its role in mediating apoptotic pathways has not been previously investigated. Here, we report that FBXL10 is a transcriptional repressor of c-Fos and a target gene of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-p65 in human cancers. We demonstrate that FBXL10 is an important anti-apoptotic molecule, which directly binds and represses c-Fos promoter in order for cancer cells to resist TRAIL-induced apoptosis. FBXL10 indirectly regulates c-FLIP(L) levels via c-Fos-dependent pathways. Silencing of FBXL10 sensitizes resistant cells to TRAIL, while, overexpression of FBXL10 represses TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, our results indicate that expression of FBXL10 functions via an NF-κB-dependent pathway, and TRAIL or proteasome inhibitors downregulate FBXL10 via inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Taken together, we find a novel functional role for FBXL10 as an anti-apoptotic molecule, and describe a new apoptotic-related pathway that involves NF-κB/FBXL10/c-Fos/c-FLIP. Therefore, silencing FBXL10 can help overcome resistant cancer cells for pro-apoptotic therapies.
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Fbxl10/Kdm2b deficiency accelerates neural progenitor cell death and leads to exencephaly. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 46:614-24. [PMID: 21220025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is the important transcription regulatory system that affects mammalian development and cell differentiation. Alterations in epigenetic gene regulation are associated with disease. Fbxl10 (F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 10) is a JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase. Although Fbxl10 has been implicated in cell cycle regulation, cell death, senescence, and tumorigenesis, these functions are controversial and its physiological function is unclear. To determine the in vivo function of Fbxl10, in this study, we generated a homozygous mutation in the mouse Fbxl10 gene. About half of Fbxl10-deficient mice exhibit failure of neural tube closure, resulting in exencephaly and die shortly after birth. Fbxl10 deficiency also causes retinal coloboma and a curled tail with low penetrances. Fbxl10 mRNA is specifically expressed in the cranial neural folds at E8.5 embryos, and apoptosis increased in the neuroepithelium and mesenchyme of Fbxl10-deficient E9.5 embryos, consistent with neural tube defects found in Fbxl10-deficient mice. Depletion of Fbxl10 induced the increased expression of p19ARF, an inducer of apoptosis, in E8.5 embryos and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. In addition, the number of mitotic neural progenitor cells is significantly increased in the mutant E14.5 brain. Our findings suggest that the Fbxl10 gene makes important contributions to embryonic neural development by regulating cell proliferation and cell death in mice.
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Nibau C, Gibbs DJ, Bunting KA, Moody LA, Smiles EJ, Tubby JA, Bradshaw SJ, Coates JC. ARABIDILLO proteins have a novel and conserved domain structure important for the regulation of their stability. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 75:77-92. [PMID: 21052782 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ARABIDILLO proteins are F-box-Armadillo (ARM) proteins that regulate root branching in Arabidopsis. Many F-box proteins in plants, yeast and mammals are unstable. In plants, the mechanism for this instability has not been fully investigated. Here, we show that a conserved family of plant ARABIDILLO-related proteins has a unique domain structure consisting of an F-box and leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) followed by ARM-repeats. The LRRs are similar to those found in other plant and animal F-box proteins, including cell cycle proteins and hormone receptors. We demonstrate that the LRRs are required for ARABIDILLO1 function in vivo. ARABIDILLO1 protein is unstable: we show that ARABIDILLO1 protein is associated with ubiquitin and is turned over by the proteasome. Both the F-box and LRR regions of ARABIDILLO1 appear to enable this turnover to occur. Application of known lateral root-regulating signals has no effect on ARABIDILLO1 stability. In addition, plants that lack or overexpress ARABIDILLO proteins respond normally to known lateral root-regulating signals. Thus, we suggest that the signal(s) regulating ARABIDILLO stability in vivo may be either highly specific or novel. The structural conservation between ARABIDILLOs and other plant and animal F-box proteins suggests that the stability of other F-box proteins may be controlled by similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida Nibau
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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41
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A novel mammalian complex containing Sin3B mitigates histone acetylation and RNA polymerase II progression within transcribed loci. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 31:54-62. [PMID: 21041482 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00840-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription requires the progression of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) through a permissive chromatin structure. Recent studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have demonstrated that the yeast Sin3 protein contributes to the restoration of the repressed chromatin structure at actively transcribed loci. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the restoration of the repressive chromatin structure at transcribed loci and its significance in gene expression have not been investigated in mammals. We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. We demonstrate that this complex localizes at discrete loci approximately 1 kb downstream of the transcription start site of transcribed genes, and this localization requires both Pf1's and Mrg15's interaction with chromatin. Inactivation of this mammalian complex promotes increased RNAP II progression within transcribed regions and subsequent increased transcription. Our results define a novel mammalian complex that contributes to the regulation of transcription and point to divergent uses of the Sin3 protein homologues throughout evolution in the modulation of transcription.
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Pedersen MT, Helin K. Histone demethylases in development and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:662-71. [PMID: 20863703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications serve as regulatory marks that are instrumental for the control of transcription and chromatin architecture. Strict regulation of gene expression patterns is crucial during development and differentiation, where diverse cell types evolve from common predecessors. Since the first histone lysine demethylase was discovered in 2004, a number of demethylases have been identified and implicated in the control of gene expression programmes and cell fate decisions. Histone demethylases are now emerging as important players in developmental processes and have been linked to human diseases such as neurological disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kavi HH, Birchler JA. Drosophila KDM2 is a H3K4me3 demethylase regulating nucleolar organization. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:217. [PMID: 19852816 PMCID: PMC2771041 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CG11033 (dKDM2) is the Drosophila homolog of the gene KDM2B. dKDM2 has been known to possess histone lysine demethylase activity towards H3K36me2 in cell lines and it regulates H2A ubiquitination. The human homolog of the gene has dual activity towards H3K36me2 as well as H3K4me3, and plays an important role in cellular senescence. FINDINGS We have used transgenic flies bearing an RNAi construct for the dKDM2 gene. The knockdown of dKDM2 gene was performed by crossing UAS-RNAi-dKDM2 flies with actin-Gal4 flies. Western blots of acid extracted histones and immunofluoresence analysis of polytene chromosome showed the activity of the enzyme dKDM2 to be specific for H3K4me3 in adult flies. Immunofluoresence analysis of polytene chromosome also revealed the presence of multiple nucleoli in RNAi knockdown mutants of dKDM2 and decreased H3-acetylation marks associated with active transcription. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that dKDM2 is a histone lysine demethylase with specificity for H3K4me3 and regulates nucleolar organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh H Kavi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO-65211, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable chromatin alterations that contribute to the temporal and spatial interpretation of the genome. The epigenetic information is conveyed through a multitude of chemical modifications, including DNA methylation, reversible modifications of histones, and ATP-dependent nucleosomal remodeling. Deregulation of the epigenetic machinery contributes to the development of several pathologies, including cancer. Chromatin modifications are multiple and interdependent and they are dynamically modulated in the course of various biological processes. Combinations of chromatin modifications give rise to a complex code that is superimposed on the genetic code embedded into the DNA sequence to regulate cell function. This review addresses the role of epigenetic modifications in cancer, focusing primarily on histone methylation marks and the enzymes catalyzing their removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios C Kampranis
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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He J, Kallin EM, Tsukada YI, Zhang Y. The H3K36 demethylase Jhdm1b/Kdm2b regulates cell proliferation and senescence through p15(Ink4b). Nat Struct Mol Biol 2008; 15:1169-75. [PMID: 18836456 PMCID: PMC2612995 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Ink4a/Arf/Ink4b locus plays a critical role in both cellular senescence and tumorigenesis. Jhdm1b/Kdm2b/Fbxl10, the mammalian paralogue of the histone demethylase Jhdm1a/Kdm2a/Fbxl11, has been implicated in cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. In this report, we demonstrate that Jhdm1b is an H3K36 demethylase. Knockdown of Jhdm1b in primary MEFs inhibits cell proliferation and induces cellular senescence in a pRb and p53 pathway-dependent manner. Importantly, the effect of Jhdm1b on cell proliferation and cellular senescence is mediated through de-repression of p15Ink4b as loss of p15Ink4b function rescues cell proliferation defects in Jhdm1b knockdown cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation on ectopically expressed Jhdm1b demonstrates that Jhdm1b targets the p15Ink4b locus and regulates its expression in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Alteration of Jhdm1b level affects Ras-induced neoplastic transformation. Collectively, our results indicate that Jhdm1b is an H3K36 demethylase that regulates cell proliferation and senescence through p15Ink4b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7295, USA
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Cloos PAC, Christensen J, Agger K, Helin K. Erasing the methyl mark: histone demethylases at the center of cellular differentiation and disease. Genes Dev 2008; 22:1115-40. [PMID: 18451103 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1652908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes catalyzing lysine and arginine methylation of histones are essential for maintaining transcriptional programs and determining cell fate and identity. Until recently, histone methylation was regarded irreversible. However, within the last few years, several families of histone demethylases erasing methyl marks associated with gene repression or activation have been identified, underscoring the plasticity and dynamic nature of histone methylation. Recent discoveries have revealed that histone demethylases take part in large multiprotein complexes synergizing with histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, and nuclear receptors to control developmental and transcriptional programs. Here we review the emerging biochemical and biological functions of the histone demethylases and discuss their potential involvement in human diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A C Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Agger K, Christensen J, Cloos PAC, Helin K. The emerging functions of histone demethylases. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2008; 18:159-68. [PMID: 18281209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic information refers to heritable changes in gene function that are stable between cell divisions but which is not a result of changes in the DNA sequence. Part of the epigenetic mechanism has been ascribed to modifications of histones or DNA that affects the transcription of specific genes. In this context, post-translational modifications of histone tails, in particular methylation of lysines, are regarded as important for the storage of epigenetic information. Regulation of this information plays an important role during cellular differentiation where cells with different characteristic features evolve from the same ancestor, despite identical genomic material. The characterization of several enzymes catalyzing histone lysine methylation have supported this concept by showing the requirement of these enzymes for normal development and their involvement in diseases such as cancer. The recent identification of proteins with histone demethylase activity has shown that the methylated mark is much more dynamic than previously anticipated, thereby potentially challenging the concept of histone-methylation in stable epigenetic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Agger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yamagishi T, Hirose S, Kondo T. Secondary DNA structure formation for Hoxb9 promoter and identification of its specific binding protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:1965-75. [PMID: 18276649 PMCID: PMC2330229 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox genes determine anterior–posterior specificity of an animal body. In mammals, these genes map onto four chromosomal loci in a clustered manner, and their expression is regulated in a coordinated manner according to their chromosomal structure. In the present study, we analysed the Hoxb9 promoter and found that promoter activity in cultured cells is linked to secondary structure formation of promoter DNA. In nuclear extracts, we also detected binding activity specific for secondary-structured DNA. We successfully isolated a candidate gene encoding this specific DNA-binding protein, FBXL10, and demonstrated the effects of the gene product on Hoxb9 promoter activity. Our results suggest that DNA can regulate gene expression by other, non-sequence-specific modes of genetic coding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yamagishi
- Kondo Research Unit, Brain Development Research Group, Brain Science Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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JHDM1B/FBXL10 is a nucleolar protein that represses transcription of ribosomal RNA genes. Nature 2008; 450:309-13. [PMID: 17994099 DOI: 10.1038/nature06255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
JHDM1B is an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed member of the JHDM (JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase) family. Because it contains an F-box motif, this protein is also known as FBXL10 (ref. 4). With the use of a genome-wide RNAi screen, the JHDM1B worm orthologue (T26A5.5) was identified as a gene that regulates growth. In the mouse, four independent screens have identified JHDM1B as a putative tumour suppressor by retroviral insertion analysis. Here we identify human JHDM1B as a nucleolar protein and show that JHDM1B preferentially binds the transcribed region of ribosomal DNA to repress the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes. We also show that repression of ribosomal RNA genes by JHDM1B is dependent on its JmjC domain, which is necessary for the specific demethylation of trimethylated lysine 4 on histone H3 in the nucleolus. In agreement with the notion that ribosomal RNA synthesis and cell growth are coupled processes, we show a JmjC-domain-dependent negative effect of JHDM1B on cell size and cell proliferation. Because aberrant ribosome biogenesis and the disruption of epigenetic control mechanisms contribute to cellular transformation, these results, together with the low levels of JHDM1B expression found in aggressive brain tumours, suggest a role for JHDM1B in cancer development.
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