1
|
Li D, Kok CYL, Wang C, Ray D, Osterburg S, Dötsch V, Ghosh S, Sabapathy K. Dichotomous transactivation domains contribute to growth inhibitory and promotion functions of TAp73. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318591121. [PMID: 38739802 PMCID: PMC11127001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318591121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p73, a member of the p53 tumor-suppressor family, regulates cell death and also supports tumorigenesis, although the mechanistic basis for the dichotomous functions is poorly understood. We report here the identification of an alternate transactivation domain (TAD) located at the extreme carboxyl (C) terminus of TAp73β, a commonly expressed p73 isoform. Mutational disruption of this TAD significantly reduced TAp73β's transactivation activity, to a level observed when the amino (N)-TAD that is similar to p53's TAD, is mutated. Mutation of both TADs almost completely abolished TAp73β's transactivation activity. Expression profiling highlighted a unique set of targets involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion regulated by the C-TAD, resulting in FAK phosphorylation, distinct from the N-TAD targets that are common to p53 and are involved in growth inhibition. Interestingly, the C-TAD targets are also regulated by the oncogenic, amino-terminal-deficient DNp73β isoform. Consistently, mutation of C-TAD reduces cellular migration and proliferation. Mechanistically, selective binding of TAp73β to DNAJA1 is required for the transactivation of C-TAD target genes, and silencing DNAJA1 expression abrogated all C-TAD-mediated effects. Taken together, our results provide a mechanistic basis for the dichotomous functions of TAp73 in the regulation of cellular growth through its distinct TADs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
| | - Catherine Yen Li Kok
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
| | - Chao Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
| | - Debleena Ray
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Susanne Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes (CEF), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main60438, Germany
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology & Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore169857, Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore168583, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore637551, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong X, Yan W, Sun W, Zhang Y, Yang HJ, Chen M, Chen H, de Vere White RW, Zhang J, Chen X. Isoform-specific disruption of the TP73 gene reveals a critical role for TAp73γ in tumorigenesis via leptin. eLife 2023; 12:e82115. [PMID: 37650871 PMCID: PMC10471163 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TP73, a member of the p53 family, is expressed as TAp73 and ΔNp73 along with multiple C-terminal isoforms (α-η). ΔNp73 is primarily expressed in neuronal cells and necessary for neuronal development. Interestingly, while TAp73α is a tumor suppressor and predominantly expressed in normal cells, TAp73 is found to be frequently altered in human cancers, suggesting a role of TAp73 C-terminal isoforms in tumorigenesis. To test this, the TCGA SpliceSeq database was searched and showed that exon 11 (E11) exclusion occurs frequently in several human cancers. We also found that p73α to p73γ isoform switch resulting from E11 skipping occurs frequently in human prostate cancers and dog lymphomas. To determine whether p73α to p73γ isoform switch plays a role in tumorigenesis, CRISPR technology was used to generate multiple cancer cell lines and a mouse model in that Trp73 E11 is deleted. Surprisingly, we found that in E11-deificient cells, p73γ becomes the predominant isoform and exerts oncogenic activities by promoting cell proliferation and migration. In line with this, E11-deficient mice were more prone to obesity and B-cell lymphomas, indicating a unique role of p73γ in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. Additionally, we found that E11-deficient mice phenocopies Trp73-deficient mice with short lifespan, infertility, and chronic inflammation. Mechanistically, we showed that Leptin, a pleiotropic adipocytokine involved in energy metabolism and oncogenesis, was highly induced by p73γ,necessary for p73γ-mediated oncogenic activity, and associated with p73α to γ isoform switch in human prostate cancer and dog lymphoma. Finally, we showed that E11-knockout promoted, whereas knockdown of p73γ or Leptin suppressed, xenograft growth in mice. Our study indicates that the p73γ-Leptin pathway promotes tumorigenesis and alters lipid metabolism, which may be targeted for cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmudong Kong
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Wensheng Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Hee Jung Yang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Ralph W de Vere White
- Department of Urology Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li D, Neo SP, Gunaratne J, Sabapathy K. EPLIN-β is a novel substrate of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 and mediates cellular migration. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260427. [PMID: 37325974 PMCID: PMC10281260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines promote cellular proliferation. Their levels are controlled by ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (Az1, encoded by OAZ1), through the proteasome-mediated, ubiquitin-independent degradation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis. Az1-mediated degradation of other substrates such as cyclin D1 (CCND1), DNp73 (TP73) or Mps1 regulates cell growth and centrosome amplification, and the currently known six Az1 substrates are all linked with tumorigenesis. To understand whether Az1-mediated protein degradation might play a role in regulating other cellular processes associated with tumorigenesis, we employed quantitative proteomics to identify novel Az1 substrates. Here, we describe the identification of LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1 (LIMA1), also known as epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), as a new Az1 target. Interestingly, between the two EPLIN isoforms (α and β), only EPLIN-β is a substrate of Az1. The interaction between EPLIN-β and Az1 appears to be indirect, and EPLIN-β is degraded by Az1 in a ubiquitination-independent manner. Az1 absence leads to elevated EPLIN-β levels, causing enhanced cellular migration. Consistently, higher LIMA1 levels correlate with poorer overall survival of colorectal cancer patients. Overall, this study identifies EPLIN-β as a novel Az1 substrate regulating cellular migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594, Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhat SM, Prasad PR, Joshi MB. Novel insights into DNA methylation-based epigenetic regulation of breast tumor angiogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:63-96. [PMID: 37657860 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumors are highly vascularized and dependent on angiogenesis for growth, progression and metastasis. Like other solid tumors, vasculature in breast tumors also display leaky and tortuous phenotype and hence inhibit immune cell infiltration, show reduced efficacy to anticancer drugs and radiotherapy. Epigenetic reprogramming including significant alterations in DNA methylation in tumor and stromal cells generate an imbalance in expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors and subsequently lead to disordered angiogenesis. Hence, understanding DNA methylation-based regulation of angiogenesis in breast tumors may open new avenues for designing therapeutic targets. Our present review manuscript summarized contemporary knowledge of influence of DNA methylation in regulating angiogenesis. Further, we identified novel set of pro-angiogenic genes enriched in endothelial cells which are coregulated with DNMT isoforms in breast tumors and harboring CpG islands. Our analysis revealed promoters of pro-angiogenic genes were hypomethylated and anti-angiogenic genes were hypermethylated in tumors and further reflected on their expression patterns. Interestingly, promoter DNA methylation intensities of novel set of pro-angiogenic genes significantly correlated to patient survival outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Mohan Bhat
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Palla Ranga Prasad
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Marquardt S, Takan I, Georgakilas AG, Stiewe T. p73 isoforms meet evolution of metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:853-869. [PMID: 35948758 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer largely adheres to Darwinian selection. Evolutionary forces are prominent during metastasis, the final and incurable disease stage, where cells acquire combinations of advantageous phenotypic features and interact with a dynamically changing microenvironment, in order to overcome the metastatic bottlenecks, while therapy exerts additional selective pressures. As a strategy to increase their fitness, tumors often co-opt developmental and tissue-homeostasis programs. Herein, 25 years after its discovery, we review TP73, a sibling of the cardinal tumor-suppressor TP53, through the lens of cancer evolution. The TP73 gene regulates a wide range of processes in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and cancer via an overwhelming number of functionally divergent isoforms. We suggest that TP73 neither merely mimics TP53 via its p53-like tumor-suppressive functions, nor has black-or-white-type effects, as inferred by the antagonism between several of its isoforms in processes like apoptosis and DNA damage response. Rather, under dynamic conditions of selective pressure, the various p73 isoforms which are often co-expressed within the same cancer cells may work towards a common goal by simultaneously activating isoform-specific transcriptional and non-transcriptional programs. Combinatorial co-option of these programs offers selective advantages that overall increase the likelihood for successfully surpassing the barriers of the metastatic cascade. The p73 functional pleiotropy-based capabilities might be present in subclonal populations and expressed dynamically under changing microenvironmental conditions, thereby supporting clonal expansion and propelling evolution of metastasis. Deciphering the critical p73 isoform patterns along the spatiotemporal axes of tumor evolution could identify strategies to target TP73 for prevention and therapy of cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece.
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephan Marquardt
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Health Care Systems, Medical School Berlin, Hochschule Für Gesundheit Und Medizin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey.,Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780, Zografou, Greece
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The inhibition of protein translation promotes tumor angiogenic switch. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:18. [PMID: 35695994 PMCID: PMC9192909 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘angiogenic switch’ is critical for tumor progression. However, the pathological details and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we established mammal xenografts in zebrafish to visually investigate the first vessel growth (angiogenic switch) in real-time, by inoculating tumor cells into the perivitelline space of live optically transparent Transgenic (flk1:EGFP) zebrafish larvae. Using this model, we found that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling were unnecessary for the angiogenic switch, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor A gene (Vegfa) played a crucial role. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis showed that the angiogenic switch was characterized by inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (Eif2α) and the expression of Vegfa were increased in the angiogenic switch microtumors, and 3D tumor spheroids, and puromycin-treated tumor cells. Vegfa overexpression promoted early onset of the angiogenic switch, whereas Vegfa knockout prevented the first tumor vessel from sprouting. Pretreatment of tumor cells with puromycin promoted the angiogenic switch in vivo similarly to Vegfa overexpression, whereas Vegfa knockdown suppressed the increase. This study provides direc and dynamic in vivo evidences that inhibition of translation, but not hypoxia or HIF signaling promotes the angiogenic switch in tumor by increasing Vegfa transcription.
Collapse
|
7
|
Maeso-Alonso L, Alonso-Olivares H, Martínez-García N, López-Ferreras L, Villoch-Fernández J, Puente-Santamaría L, Colas-Algora N, Fernández-Corona A, Lorenzo-Marcos ME, Jiménez B, Holmgren L, Wilhelm M, Millan J, Del Peso L, Claesson-Welsh L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 is required for vessel integrity controlling endothelial junctional dynamics through Angiomotin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:535. [PMID: 36180740 PMCID: PMC9525397 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of blood vessel integrity, which is critical for normal physiology and organ function, is controlled at multiple levels, including endothelial junctions. However, the mechanism that controls the adequate assembly of endothelial cell junctions is not fully defined. Here, we uncover TAp73 transcription factor as a vascular architect that orchestrates transcriptional programs involved in cell junction establishment and developmental blood vessel morphogenesis and identify Angiomotin (AMOT) as a TAp73 direct transcriptional target. Knockdown of p73 in endothelial cells not only results in decreased Angiomotin expression and localization at intercellular junctions, but also affects its downstream function regarding Yes-associated protein (YAP) cytoplasmic sequestration upon cell–cell contact. Analysis of adherens junctional morphology after p73-knockdown in human endothelial cells revealed striking alterations, particularly a sharp increase in serrated junctions and actin bundles appearing as stress fibers, both features associated with enhanced barrier permeability. In turn, stabilization of Angiomotin levels rescued those junctional defects, confirming that TAp73 controls endothelial junction dynamics, at least in part, through the regulation of Angiomotin. The observed defects in monolayer integrity were linked to hyperpermeability and reduced transendothelial electric resistance. Moreover, p73-knockout retinas showed a defective sprout morphology coupled with hemorrhages, highlighting the physiological relevance of p73 regulation in the maintenance of vessel integrity in vivo. We propose a new model in which TAp73 acts as a vascular architect integrating transcriptional programs that will impinge with Angiomotin/YAP signaling to maintain junctional dynamics and integrity, while balancing endothelial cell rearrangements in angiogenic vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Hugo Alonso-Olivares
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Nicole Martínez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Laura Puente-Santamaría
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Benilde Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Wilhelm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime Millan
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Del Peso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zhang Z, He D, Zhu J, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Remodeling of tumor microenvironment for enhanced tumor chemodynamic/photothermal/chemo-therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:388. [PMID: 36028817 PMCID: PMC9419403 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer treatment is largely affected by the microenvironment of the tumors, which not only resists the tumors to the thermo/chemo-therapy, but also promotes their growth and invasion. In this work, the angiogenesis factor is balanced by combining with the breathing hyperoxygen, for regulating the tumor microenvironment and also for relieving hypoxia and high tissue interstitial pressure, which promote drug delivery to tumor tissues by increasing the in vivo perfusion and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor. In addition, the designed multifunctional nanoparticles have a great potential for applications to the tumor dual-mode imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. This work proposes a promising strategy to enhance the thermo/chemo-therapy efficacy by remodeling the tumor microenvironment, which would provide an alternative to prolong the lifetime of tumor patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dannong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Burns Institute, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Szafron LA, Kulesza M, Stachurska A, Leszczynski P, Tomczyk-Szatkowska A, Sobiczewski P, Parada J, Kulinczak M, Moes-Sosnowska J, Pienkowska-Grela B, Kupryjanczyk J, Chechlinska M, Szafron LM. PROM1, CXCL8, RUNX1, NAV1 and TP73 genes as independent markers predictive of prognosis or response to treatment in two cohorts of high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271539. [PMID: 35867729 PMCID: PMC9307210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the vast biological diversity and high mortality rate in high-grade ovarian cancers, identification of novel biomarkers, enabling precise diagnosis and effective, less aggravating treatment, is of paramount importance. Based on scientific literature data, we selected 80 cancer-related genes and evaluated their mRNA expression in 70 high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) samples by Real-Time qPCR. The results were validated in an independent Northern American cohort of 85 HGSOC patients with publicly available NGS RNA-seq data. Detailed statistical analyses of our cohort with multivariate Cox and logistic regression models considering clinico-pathological data and different TP53 mutation statuses, revealed an altered expression of 49 genes to affect the prognosis and/or treatment response. Next, these genes were investigated in the validation cohort, to confirm the clinical significance of their expression alterations, and to identify genetic variants with an expected high or moderate impact on their products. The expression changes of five genes, PROM1, CXCL8, RUNX1, NAV1, TP73, were found to predict prognosis or response to treatment in both cohorts, depending on the TP53 mutation status. In addition, we revealed novel and confirmed known SNPs in these genes, and showed that SNPs in the PROM1 gene correlated with its elevated expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Aleksandra Szafron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulesza
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Leszczynski
- Laboratory of Genetic and Molecular Cancer Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomczyk-Szatkowska
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobiczewski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Parada
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kulinczak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Pienkowska-Grela
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chechlinska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Michal Szafron
- Department of Cancer Biology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu F, Liu Y, Liang J, Zhan R, Wu Y, Ren H, Zhang X, Liu J. Sinensetin suppresses angiogenesis in liver cancer by targeting the VEGF/VEGFR2/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:360. [PMID: 35493423 PMCID: PMC9019764 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinensetin (SIN) is a polymethoxy flavone primarily present in citrus fruits. This compound has demonstrated anticancer activity. However, the underlying mechanism of its action has not been fully understood. The present study investigated the impact of SIN on angiogenesis in a liver cancer model. In a murine xenograft tumor model, SIN inhibited the growth of HepG2/C3A human liver hepatoma cell-derived tumors and reduced the expression levels of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and VEGF. In HepG2/C3A cells, SIN repressed VEGF expression by downregulating hypoxia-inducible factor expression. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, SIN increased apoptosis and repressed migration and tube formation. In addition, SIN decreased the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and inhibited the AKT signaling pathway. Molecular docking demonstrated that the VEGFR2 core domain effectively combined with SIN at various important residues. Collectively, these data suggested that SIN inhibited liver cancer angiogenesis by regulating VEGF/VEGFR2/AKT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaο Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Fuhong Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Jiangjiu Liang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Rucai Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - He Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shangdong 250355, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pützer BM, Sabapathy K. Editorial: Multidisciplinary Approaches in Exploring Cancer Heterogeneity, TME and Therapy Resistance: Perspectives for Systems Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:842596. [PMID: 35198561 PMCID: PMC8859833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.842596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M. Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Brigitte M. Pützer,
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu Q, Liu F, Ge M, Laster KV, Wei L, Du R, Jiang M, Zhang J, Zhi Y, Jin G, Zhao S, Kim DJ, Dong Z, Liu K. BRD4 drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth by promoting RCC2 expression. Oncogene 2022; 41:347-360. [PMID: 34750516 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The low survival rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients is primarily attributed to technical limitations and a lack of insight regarding the molecular mechanisms contributing to its progression. Alterations in epigenetic modulators are critical to cancer development and prognosis. BRD4, a chromatin reader protein, plays an essential role in regulating oncogene expression. Here, we investigated the contributing role of BRD4 and its related mechanisms in the context of ESCC tumor progression. Our observations showed that BRD4 transcript and protein expression levels are significantly increased in ESCC patient tissues. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 suppressed ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were subsequently used to deduce the potential targets of BRD4. Mechanistic studies showed that RCC2 is a downstream target of BRD4. Inhibition of either BRD4 or RCC2 resulted in decreased ESCC cell proliferation. The BRD4-TP73 interaction facilitated the binding of BRD4 complex to the promoter region of RCC2, and subsequently modulated RCC2 transcription. Furthermore, targeting BRD4 with inhibitors significantly decreased tumor volume in ESCC PDX models, indicating that BRD4 expression may contribute to tumor progression. Collectively, these findings suggest that BRD4 inhibition could be a promising strategy to treat ESCC by downregulating RCC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mengmeng Ge
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | | | - Lixiao Wei
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ruijuan Du
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yafei Zhi
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guoguo Jin
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,The Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Simin Zhao
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dual Role of p73 in Cancer Microenvironment and DNA Damage Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123516. [PMID: 34944027 PMCID: PMC8700694 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate cancer progression is pivotal for the development of new therapies. Although p53 is mutated in half of human cancers, its family member p73 is not. At the same time, isoforms of p73 are often overexpressed in cancers and p73 can overtake many p53 functions to kill abnormal cells. According to the latest studies, while p73 represses epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis, it can also promote tumour growth by modulating crosstalk between cancer and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, M2 macrophage polarisation, Th2 T-cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Thus, p73 likely plays a dual role as a tumor suppressor by regulating apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress or as an oncoprotein by promoting the immunosuppressive environment and immune cell differentiation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yuan M, Zhu Z, Mao W, Wang H, Qian H, Wu J, Guo X, Xu Q. Anlotinib Combined With Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Therapy in Patients With Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors: A Single-Center, Observational, Prospective Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683502. [PMID: 34692475 PMCID: PMC8529018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anlotinib (AL3818) is a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and suppressing tumor growth. Modulation of tumor suppressive immune microenvironment via the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor may augment the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we described the results of safety, and clinical efficacy of anlotinib combined with immunotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors, the serum cytokine levels, and peripheral blood T lymphocyte populations were detected simultaneously. Methods Twenty six cases with advanced late-stage cancers including lung, gallbladder, endometrial, gastric, pancreatic, penile cancers and melanoma were treated since January 2019. Patients received a combination of anlotinib (12mg) once daily on day 1 to day 14 (21 days as a course) plus anti-PD-1 antibodies every 3 weeks until progression or intolerable toxicity. Imaging was performed every 6 weeks for the first year of therapy. Blood samples were collected from patients prospectively. Serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and circulating immune cell subsets were measured at baseline and after two cycles of treatment via flow cytometry. Results There were ten tumor types enrolled with lung, gallbladder, cholangiocarcinoma and soft tissue sarcoma being the most common. Most patients had received front line treatments for metastatic disease (80.8%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 23.1%, including one complete response (CR) (3.8%) and five partial responses (PR) (19.2%) and a disease control rate (DCR=CR+PR+SD) of 80.8% (21 of 26). The median PFS was 8.37 months (95% CI: 6.5-10.0 months). Three patients (11.5%) had grade 3 treatment-related adverse events. There were no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related adverse events. Grades 3 toxicities included hand-foot syndrome (n=2) and hypertension (n=1). Higher serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ levels and lower ratios of CD4/CD8 T cells were found in the responders compared with non-responders. Conclusions The preliminary data showed that the combination of anlotinib and anti-PD-1 antibodies demonstrated promising durable antitumor efficacy with acceptable toxicity in patients with various advance tumors, and promoted favorable changes in serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ levels and circulating immune cell subsets in clinical responders. It is worth to further validate the efficacy in a randomized prospective trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aspriţoiu VM, Stoica I, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC. Epigenetic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Development and Tumors Progression: Potential Implications for Cancer Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689962. [PMID: 34552922 PMCID: PMC8451900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multi-stage process of new blood vessel development from pre-existing vessels toward an angiogenic stimulus. The process is essential for tissue maintenance and homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life as well as tumor growth. Under normal conditions, angiogenesis is involved in physiological processes, such as wound healing, cyclic regeneration of the endometrium, placental development and repairing certain cardiac damage, in pathological conditions, it is frequently associated with cancer development and metastasis. The control mechanisms of angiogenesis in carcinogenesis are tightly regulated at the genetic and epigenetic level. While genetic alterations are the critical part of gene silencing in cancer cells, epigenetic dysregulation can lead to repression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogene activation, becoming an important event in early development and the late stages of tumor development, as well. The global alteration of the epigenetic spectrum, which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and other chromatin components, is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the efforts are concentrated on the discovery of molecular epigenetic markers that identify cancerous precursor lesions or early stage cancer. This review aims to highlight recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic changes that can occur in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and analyze current knowledge on how deregulation of epigenetic modifiers contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. Also, we will evaluate the clinical relevance of epigenetic markers of angiogenesis and the potential use of "epi-drugs" in modulating the responsiveness of cancer cells to anticancer therapy through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and hormone therapy as anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Romanian Academy, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 as a Tissue Architect. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716957. [PMID: 34368167 PMCID: PMC8343074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP73 gene belongs to the p53 family comprised by p53, p63, and p73. In response to physiological and pathological signals these transcription factors regulate multiple molecular pathways which merge in an ensemble of interconnected networks, in which the control of cell proliferation and cell death occupies a prominent position. However, the complex phenotype of the Trp73 deficient mice has revealed that the biological relevance of this gene does not exclusively rely on its growth suppression effects, but it is also intertwined with other fundamental roles governing different aspects of tissue physiology. p73 function is essential for the organization and homeostasis of different complex microenvironments, like the neurogenic niche, which supports the neural progenitor cells and the ependyma, the male and female reproductive organs, the respiratory epithelium or the vascular network. We propose that all these, apparently unrelated, developmental roles, have a common denominator: p73 function as a tissue architect. Tissue architecture is defined by the nature and the integrity of its cellular and extracellular compartments, and it is based on proper adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as the establishment of cellular polarity. In this work, we will review the current understanding of p73 role as a neurogenic niche architect through the regulation of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and Planar Cell Polarity, and give a general overview of TAp73 as a hub modulator of these functions, whose alteration could impinge in many of the Trp73 -/- phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
López-Ferreras L, Martínez-García N, Maeso-Alonso L, Martín-López M, Díez-Matilla Á, Villoch-Fernandez J, Alonso-Olivares H, Marques MM, Marin MC. Deciphering the Nature of Trp73 Isoforms in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Models: Generation of Isoform-Specific Deficient Cell Lines Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133182. [PMID: 34202306 PMCID: PMC8268375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Trp73 gene is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes such as response to stress, differentiation and tissue architecture. This gene gives rise to structurally different N and C-terminal isoforms which lead to differences in its biological activity in a cell type dependent manner. However, there is a current lack of physiological models to study these isoforms. The aim of this study was to generate specific p73-isoform-deficient mouse embryonic stem cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Their special features, self-renewal and pluripotency, make embryonic stem cells a useful research tool that allows the generation of cells from any of the three germ layers carrying specific inactivation of p73-isoforms. Characterization of the generated cell lines indicates that while the individual elimination of TA- or DN-p73 isoform is compatible with pluripotency, it results in alterations of the transcriptional profiles and the pluripotent state of the embryonic stem cells in an isoform-specific manner. Abstract The p53 family has been widely studied for its role in various physiological and pathological processes. Imbalance of p53 family proteins may contribute to developmental abnormalities and pathologies in humans. This family exerts its functions through a profusion of isoforms that are generated by different promoter usage and alternative splicing in a cell type dependent manner. In particular, the Trp73 gene gives rise to TA and DN-p73 isoforms that confer p73 a dual nature. The biological relevance of p73 does not only rely on its tumor suppression effects, but on its pivotal role in several developmental processes. Therefore, the generation of cellular models that allow the study of the individual isoforms in a physiological context is of great biomedical relevance. We generated specific TA and DN-p73-deficient mouse embryonic stem cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system and validated them as physiological bona fide p73-isoform knockout models. Global gene expression analysis revealed isoform-specific alterations of distinctive transcriptional networks. Elimination of TA or DN-p73 is compatible with pluripotency but prompts naïve pluripotent stem cell transition into the primed state, compromising adequate lineage differentiation, thus suggesting that differential expression of p73 isoforms acts as a rheostat during early cell fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Nicole Martínez-García
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Biomar Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Armunia, 24009 León, Spain
| | - Ángela Díez-Matilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
| | - Javier Villoch-Fernandez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Hugo Alonso-Olivares
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Margarita M. Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (M.C.M.); Tel.: +34-987-291757 (M.M.M.); +34-987-291490 (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria C. Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.L.-F.); (N.M.-G.); (L.M.-A.); (M.M.-L.); (Á.D.-M.); (J.V.-F.); (H.A.-O.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.M.); (M.C.M.); Tel.: +34-987-291757 (M.M.M.); +34-987-291490 (M.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang D, Sun L, Huang L, Chen Y. Nanodrug Delivery Systems Modulate Tumor Vessels to Increase the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect. J Pers Med 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 33672813 PMCID: PMC7917988 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomedicine for antitumor therapy has been extensively investigated for a long time. Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect-mediated drug delivery is currently regarded as an effective way to bring drugs to tumors, especially macromolecular drugs and drug-loaded pharmaceutical nanocarriers. However, a disordered vessel network, and occluded or embolized tumor blood vessels seriously limit the EPR effect. To augment the EPR effect and improve curative effects, in this review, we focused on the perspective of tumor blood vessels, and analyzed the relationship among abnormal angiogenesis, abnormal vascular structure, irregular blood flow, extensive permeability of tumor vessels, and the EPR effect. In this commentary, nanoparticles including liposomes, micelles, and polymers extravasate through the tumor vasculature, which are based on modulating tumor vessels, to increase the EPR effect, thereby increasing their therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.H.); (L.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lingna Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.H.); (L.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.H.); (L.S.)
- Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Membranous NOX5-derived ROS oxidizes and activates local Src to promote malignancy of tumor cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:139. [PMID: 32792487 PMCID: PMC7426961 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) localized at the precise subcellular compartments are essential for regulating the activity of signaling proteins. Furthermore, ROS are master regulators of tumor malignant progression that respond to a diverse set of environmental stress, especially hypoxia. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) appear to be activated within discrete subcellular compartments to facilitate local ROS production. However, the subcellular function of NOXs in hypoxic tumor is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that NOX5 was greatly upregulated in clinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tumors, ESCC cell lines or primary ESCC cells, and elevated NOX5 was correlated to malignancy of ESCC tumors and poor prognosis. NOX5 induced the malignant progression of ESCC by activating Src, especially under hypoxic condition. Mechanistically, we showed that hypoxia promoted the interaction between NOX5 and Pyk2 on cell membrane via facilitating Ca2+-mediated Pyk2 Tyr402 site phosphorylation. Subsequently, Pyk2 acted as a scaffold for c-Abl phosphorylating the catalytic domain of NOX5 Tyr476/478 sites, which in turn upregulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inside the Pyk2/NOX5 complex to oxidize and activate local Src. These findings provide insights into the biological significance of NOX5 in the development of ESCC.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang C, Teo CR, Sabapathy K. p53-Related Transcription Targets of TAp73 in Cancer Cells-Bona Fide or Distorted Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041346. [PMID: 32079264 PMCID: PMC7072922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of p73 as a structural homolog of p53 fueled early studies aimed at determining if it was capable of performing p53-like functions. This led to a conundrum as p73 was discovered to be hardly mutated in cancers, and yet, TAp73, the full-length form, was found capable of performing p53-like functions, including transactivation of many p53 target genes in cancer cell lines. Generation of mice lacking p73/TAp73 revealed a plethora of developmental defects, with very limited spontaneous tumors arising only at a later stage. Concurrently, novel TAp73 target genes involved in cellular growth promotion that are not regulated by p53 were identified, mooting the possibility that TAp73 may have diametrically opposite functions to p53 in tumorigenesis. We have therefore comprehensively evaluated the TAp73 target genes identified and validated in human cancer cell lines, to examine their contextual relevance. Data from focused studies aimed at appraising if p53 targets are also regulated by TAp73—often by TAp73 overexpression in cell lines with non-functional p53—were affirmative. However, genome-wide and phenotype-based studies led to the identification of TAp73-regulated genes involved in cellular survival and thus, tumor promotion. Our analyses therefore suggest that TAp73 may not necessarily be p53’s natural substitute in enforcing tumor suppression. It has likely evolved to perform unique functions in regulating developmental processes and promoting cellular growth through entirely different sets of target genes that are not common to, and cannot be substituted by p53. The p53-related targets initially reported to be regulated by TAp73 may therefore represent an experimental possibility rather than the reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Cui Rong Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
SIAH2-mediated and organ-specific restriction of HO-1 expression by a dual mechanism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2268. [PMID: 32042051 PMCID: PMC7010731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular levels of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are tightly controlled. Here, we reveal a novel mechanism preventing the exaggerated expression of HO-1. The analysis of mice with a knock-out in the ubiquitin E3 ligase seven in absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2) showed elevated HO-1 protein levels in specific organs such as heart, kidney and skeletal muscle. Increased HO-1 protein amounts were also seen in human cells deleted for the SIAH2 gene. The higher HO-1 levels are not only due to an increased protein stability but also to elevated expression of the HO-1 encoding HMOX1 gene, which depends on the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a known SIAH2 target. Dependent on its RING (really interesting new gene) domain, expression of SIAH2 mediates proteasome-dependent degradation of its interaction partner HO-1. Additionally SIAH2-deficient cells are also characterized by reduced expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), rendering the knock-out cells more sensitive to ferroptosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Nemajerova A, Moll UM. Tissue-specific roles of p73 in development and homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/19/jcs233338. [PMID: 31582429 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p73 (TP73) belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors. Its gene locus encodes two opposing types of isoforms, the transcriptionally active TAp73 class and the dominant-negative DNp73 class, which both play critical roles in development and homeostasis in an astonishingly diverse array of biological systems within specific tissues. While p73 has functions in cancer, this Review focuses on the non-oncogenic activities of p73. In the central and peripheral nervous system, both isoforms cooperate in complex ways to regulate neural stem cell survival, self-renewal and terminal differentiation. In airways, oviduct and to a lesser extent in brain ependyma, TAp73 is the master transcriptional regulator of multiciliogenesis, enabling fluid and germ cell transport across tissue surfaces. In male and female reproduction, TAp73 regulates gene networks that control cell-cell adhesion programs within germinal epithelium to enable germ cell maturation. Finally, p73 participates in the control of angiogenesis in development and cancer. While many open questions remain, we discuss here key findings that provide insight into the complex functions of this gene at the organismal, cellular and molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nemajerova
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tanwar K, Pati U. Inhibition of apoptosis via CHIP-mediated proteasomal degradation of TAp73α. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11091-11103. [PMID: 30714204 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
TAp73, a homologous of tumor suppressor p53, regulates apoptosis in a p53-independent manner and its suppressive as well as stimulatory role in promoting angiogenesis has been reported. It exists in multiple isoforms which varies structurally in their N-terminus and C-terminus region and crucial interplay among them guides the decision of cell survival and death. As molecular chaperones control both stability and degradation of TAp73, selective regulation of p73 isoforms has implication upon developing new therapeutic for hypoxic tumor. We have discovered that under DNA damage carboxy terminus Hsp70 interacting protein (CHIP's) antiapoptotic function is displayed via its E3 ligase activity that inhibits exclusively TAp73α-mediated apoptosis in cancer cell. The decrease in TAp73α level by CHIP as it is supported by increased ubiquitination pattern is reverted back by sh-CHIP. Further, the transactivation of p53-downstream apoptotic genes BAX, PUMA and PIG3 by TAp73α is also shown to be subsequently inhibited by CHIP. The tetratricopeptide TPR-domain of CHIP in its amino-terminus interacts with the carboxy-terminus of TAp73α and ΔNp73α and as a result, U-BOX domain of CHIP in the carboxy-terminus is able to ubiquitinate TAp73α for proteasomal degradation. Due to lack of C-terminus in TAp73β, CHIP fails to interact with and degrade it. In conclusion, we have thus uncovered for the first time a novel mechanism of chaperone-assisted regulation of p73 stability as well as its apoptotic functions by CHIP that might be utilized to develop new anticancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamia Tanwar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Uttam Pati
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cabrié A, Guittet O, Tomasini R, Vincendeau P, Lepoivre M. Crosstalk between TAp73 and TGF-β in fibroblast regulates iNOS expression and Nrf2-dependent gene transcription. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:617-629. [PMID: 30753884 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity produces anti-tumor and anti-microbial effects but also promotes carcinogenesis through mutagenic, immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic mechanisms. The tumor suppressor p53 contributes to iNOS downregulation by repressing induction of the NOS2 gene encoding iNOS, thereby limiting NO-mediated DNA damages. This study focuses on the role of the p53 homologue TAp73 in the regulation of iNOS expression. Induction of iNOS by immunological stimuli was upregulated in immortalized MEFs from TAp73-/- mice, compared to TAp73+/+ fibroblasts. This overexpression resulted both from increased levels of NOS2 transcripts, and from an increased stability of the protein. Limitation of iNOS expression by TAp73 in wild-type cells is alleviated by TGF-β receptor I inhibitors, suggesting a cooperation between TAp73 and TGF-β in suppression of iNOS expression. Accordingly, downregulation of iNOS expression by exogenous TGF-β1 was impaired in TAp73-/- fibroblasts. Increased NO production in these cells resulted in a stronger, NO-dependent induction of Nrf2 target genes, indicating that the Nrf2-dependent adaptive response to nitrosative stress in fibroblasts is proportional to iNOS activity. NO-dependent induction of two HIF-1 target genes was also stronger in TAp73-deficient cells. Finally, the antimicrobial action of NO against Trypanosoma musculi parasites was enhanced in TAp73-/- fibroblasts. Our data indicate that tumor suppressive TAp73 isoforms cooperate with TGF-β to control iNOS expression, NO-dependent adaptive responses to stress, and pathogen proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimeric Cabrié
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR9198, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Guittet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR9198, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- CRCM, INSERM, U1068, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France; Paoli-Calmettes Institute, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France; Aix-Marseille University, UM 105, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France; CNRS, UMR7258, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Philippe Vincendeau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, UMR177 IRD/CIRAD "INTERTRYP", Université Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Lepoivre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR9198, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li L, Li L, Li W, Chen T, Bin Zou, Zhao L, Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Liu X, Wang D, Li B, Mak TW, Du W, Yang X, Jiang P. TAp73-induced phosphofructokinase-1 transcription promotes the Warburg effect and enhances cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4683. [PMID: 30409970 PMCID: PMC6224601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a prominent metabolic feature associated with neoplastic diseases; however, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. TAp73, a structural homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, is frequently overexpressed in human tumors, indicating a proliferative advantage that it can confer to tumor cells. Here we show that TAp73 stimulates the expression of phosphofructokinase-1, liver type (PFKL), which catalyzes the committed step in glycolysis. Through this regulation, TAp73 enhances glucose consumption and lactate excretion, promoting the Warburg effect. By activating PFKL, TAp73 also increases ATP production and bolsters anti-oxidant defense. TAp73 deficiency results in a pronounced reduction in tumorigenic potential, which can be rescued by forced PFKL expression. These findings establish TAp73 as a critical regulator of glycolysis and reveal a mechanism by which tumor cells achieve the Warburg effect to enable oncogenic growth. TAp73 is a structural homolog of the tumor suppressor p53. Here they show that TAp73 is critical for promoting glycolysis as it stimulates the transcriptional expression of liver type of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFKL), which catalyzes the committed step in glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Taiqi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Context-dependent AMPK activation distinctly regulates TAp73 stability and transcriptional activity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:20. [PMID: 30057793 PMCID: PMC6062496 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TAp73, the homologue of the tumour suppressor p53, has dual roles in tumourigenesis: both as a tumour suppressor and as a promoter of tumour growth. We have recently shown that hypoxia, a condition prevalent in tumours, results in the stabilisation of TAp73 through a mechanism involving HIF-1α-mediated repression of the E3 ligase Siah1. Elevated TAp73 in turn regulates the angiogenic transcriptional programme, exemplified by vegf-A activation, thereby promoting angiogenesis and tumour growth. To further understand hypoxia-mediated TAp73 regulation, we have focused on the Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway induced by hypoxia. We show that hypoxia-mediated AMPK activation is required for efficient TAp73 stabilisation, through multiple means by using AMPK-deficient cells or inhibiting its activity and expression. Conversely, direct AMPK activation using its activator AICAR is also sufficient to induce TAp73 stabilisation but this is independent of putative AMPK phosphorylation sites on TAp73, HIF-1α activation, and transcriptional repression of Siah1. Furthermore, while vegf-A up-regulation upon hypoxia requires AMPK, direct activation of AMPK by AICAR does not activate vegf-A. Consistently, supernatant from cells exposed to hypoxia, but not AICAR, was able to induce tube formation in HUVECs. These data therefore highlight that the processes of TAp73 stabilisation and transcriptional activation of angiogenic target genes by AMPK activation can be decoupled. Collectively, these results suggest that the context of AMPK activation determines the effect on TAp73, and proposes a model in which hypoxia-induced TAp73 stabilisation occurs by parallel pathways converging to mediate its transactivation potential. The stabilisation of an important signalling protein can fuel tumour growth and progression—but only under the right environmental conditions. Paradoxically, the TAp73 protein can both suppress tumorigenesis and stimulate formation of tumour-feeding blood vessels. The latter effect appears to be linked with exposure to oxygen-poor conditions within solid tumours, and researchers led by Kanaga Sabapathy at Singapore’s National Cancer Centre recently explored the mechanisms regulating TAp73 activity. Sabapathy’s team showed that the action of a protein called AMPK helps to prevent TAp73 from being degraded. However, activation of AMPK in isolation is insufficient to promote TAp73-mediated blood vessel growth. Instead, the researchers only observed this effect when AMPK was specifically activated due to oxygen deprivation, revealing the existence of multiple TAp73-regulating pathways that could explain this protein’s seemingly contradictory effects on cell growth.
Collapse
|
28
|
Loss of P53 regresses cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload partially through inhibiting HIF1α signaling in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:394-399. [PMID: 29729274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is recognized as the guardian of the genome in cell cycle and cell death. P53 expression increases as cardiac hypertrophy worsens to heart failure, suggesting that p53 may play important role in cardiac remodeling. In the present study, deletion of p53 in the mice heart would ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload. The role of p53 on heart was investigated using in vivo models. Cardiac hypertrophy in mice was induced by transverse aortic banding surgery. The extent of cardiac hypertrophy was examined by echocardiography, as well as pathological and molecular analyses of heart tissue. Global knockout of p53 in the mice reduced the hypertrophic response and markedly reduced cardiac apoptosis, and fibrosis. Ejection fraction of heart was also improved in hearts without p53 in response to pressure overload. Protein determination further suggested loss of p53 expression markedly increased Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The study indicated p53 deteriorated cardiac functions and cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, and fibrosis by partially inhibition of HIF1α and VEGF.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu M, Zhang Z, Ma F, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Tang J, Chen P, Zhou C, Wang W. Association between TAp73, p53 and VASH1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5175-5180. [PMID: 29552154 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TAp73 and p53 are involved in regulating tumor angiogenesis and vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is an anti-angiogenic factor. Whether TAp73 regulates angiogenesis positively or negatively is controversial. The status of P53 may determine the effect of TAp73 on angiogenesis. To the best of our knowledge it has not been previously reported whether TAp73, p53 and VASH1 are coexpressed in lung cancer. We profiled the association between TAp73 and p53 and VASH1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) and investigated the function of TAp73 in regulating tumor angiogenesis. TAp73, p53 and VASH1 expression in 53 human LAC tissues and the adjacent normal tissues were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The positive expression rates of p53, TAp73 and VASH1 were significantly higher (92.6, 97.7 and 67.4%, respectively) in LAC tissue compared with paraneoplastic lung tissue (7.4, 2.3 and 32.6%, respectively, P<0.01). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between p53 and TAp73 (r=0.474, P<0.01) and TAp73α and VASH1 (r=0.367, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of p53 and VASH1 was almost significantly correlated (r=0.187, P=0.055). Similarly, p53 expression intensity had a significant positive correlation with TAp73α (r=0.517, P<0.01) and with VASH1 (r=0.277, P<0.01), as did TAp73α with VASH1 (r=0.351, P<0.01). TAp73, p53 (mutant) and VASH1 expression was significantly higher in LAC tissue compared with paraneoplastic lung tissue. The expression trends of the three proteins were significantly positively correlated with each other in LAC. These results suggest that TAp73 may suppress tumor angiogenesis in LAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.,Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Heibei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Heibei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Fangxu Ma
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Heibei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Xiulong Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Heibei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Heibei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Tang
- Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Heibei 075061, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eriocalyxin B, a natural diterpenoid, inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis and diminished angiogenesis-dependent breast tumor growth by suppressing VEGFR-2 signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82820-82835. [PMID: 27756875 PMCID: PMC5347735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eriocalyxin B (EriB), a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid isolated from the plant Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent. The effects of EriB on angiogenesis were explored in the present study. Here we demonstrated that the subintestinal vein formation was significantly inhibited by EriB treatment (10, 15 μM) in zebrafish embryos, which was resulted from the alteration of various angiogenic genes as shown in transcriptome profiling. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, EriB treatment (50, 100 nM) could significantly block vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation, tube formation, cell migration and cell invasion. Furthermore, EriB also caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest which was correlated with the down-regulation of the cyclin D1 and CDK4 leading to the inhibition of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein expression. Investigation of the signal transduction revealed that EriB inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 via the interaction with the ATP-binding sites according to the molecular docking simulations. The suppression of VEGFR-2 downstream signal transduction cascades was also observed. EriB was showed to inhibit new blood vessel formation in Matrigel plug model and mouse 4T1 breast tumor model. EriB (5 mg/kg/day) treatment was able to decrease tumor vascularization and suppress tumor growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggested that EriB is a novel inhibitor of angiogenesis through modulating VEGFR-2 signaling pathway, which could be developed as a promising anti-angiogenic agent for treatment of angiogenesis-related human diseases, such as cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Xie N, Vikhreva P, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Amelio I, Barlev N, Knight RA, Melino G. Integrin-β4 is a novel transcriptional target of TAp73. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:589-594. [PMID: 29233040 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1403684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of p53 family, p73 has attracted intense investigations due to its structural and functional similarities to p53. Among more than ten p73 variants, the transactivation (TA) domain-containing isoform TAp73 is the one that imitates the p53's behavior most. TAp73 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which endows it the capacity of tumour suppression. Also, it can exert diverse biological influences on cells through activating a complex and context dependent transcriptional programme. The transcriptional activities further broaden its roles in more intricate biological processes. In this article, we report that p73 is a positive regulator of a cell adhesion related gene named integrin β4 (ITGB4). This finding may have implications for the dissection of the biological mechanisms underlining p73 functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningxia Xie
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy
| | - Polina Vikhreva
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ivano Amelio
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Nicolai Barlev
- d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
| | - Richard A Knight
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , Hodgkin Building , Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN , United Kingdom.,b Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome 00133 , Italy.,d Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint-Petersburg , 194064 , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu X, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen Z, Hua D, Yao X, Ma X, Zhang P. Orai1 is critical for Notch-driven aggressiveness under hypoxic conditions in triple-negative breast cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:975-986. [PMID: 29307746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that hypoxia stimulates triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) metastasis, which is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that hypoxia up-regulates both the levels of Orai1 and Notch1, and the increase in Orai1 is mediated by Notch1 signaling in TNBCs. Functionally, Orai1 caused a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca2+ via Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), then activated the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell 4 (NFAT4, also named NFATc3) in hypoxic TNBCs. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition or gene-silencing studies showed that the aggressiveness mediated by Orai1 during hypoxia is dependent on the Notch1/Orai1/SOCE/NFAT4 signaling. Moreover, Orai1 signaling also mediated hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in TNBCs. Thus, our results revealed a novel role of Orai1 as an inducer of aggression and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions, and this suggests a novel mechanism of hypoxia-induced invasion. It may be worthwhile to further explore the potential of using Orai1 signaling as new target for anti-tumor therapy in TNBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dong Hua
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ji ZP, Qiang L, Zhang JL. Transcription activated p73-modulated cyclin D1 expression leads to doxorubicin resistance in gastric cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1831-1838. [PMID: 29434772 PMCID: PMC5776556 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading types of cancer in terms of mortality cases worldwide. Doxorubicin (Dox), a common chemotherapy drug, is frequently used to treat GC; however, acquired resistance to Dox hinders the chemotherapeutic outcome and causes shorter survival in GC patients. Several Dox-resistant GC cell lines, including SGC7901, SNU-1 and SNU-5 were generated to investigate the mechanism of Dox resistance in GC. Various methods were used to test the response of Dox-resistant GC cells and parental cells, including flow cytometry, Cell Counting kit-8 assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In the present study, various Dox-resistant cells presented reduced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in response to Dox treatment. Western blot results revealed that cyclin D1 was upregulated in Dox-resistant cells, whereas inhibition or depletion of cyclin D1 re-sensitized the resistant cells to Dox treatment, which indicated that the induction of cyclin D1 expression was a result of the Dox resistance in GC cells. Furthermore, it was observed that a transcription activated form of p73 (TAp73), is the upstream modulator of cyclin D1, manipulating the cyclin D1 transcription with the assistance of activator protein 1 (AP-1). Overall, the present study data provided a rational strategy to overcome the Dox resistance in GC treatment by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ling Qiang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
p73 promotes glioblastoma cell invasion by directly activating POSTN (periostin) expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11785-802. [PMID: 26930720 PMCID: PMC4914248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme is one of the most highly metastatic cancers and constitutes 70% of all gliomas. Despite aggressive treatments these tumours have an exceptionally bad prognosis, mainly due to therapy resistance and tumour recurrence. Here we show that the transcription factor p73 confers an invasive phenotype by directly activating expression of POSTN (periostin, HGNC:16953) in glioblastoma cells. Knock down of endogenous p73 reduces invasiveness and chemo-resistance, and promotes differentiation in vitro. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays we demonstrate that POSTN, an integrin binding protein that has recently been shown to play a major role in metastasis, is a transcriptional target of TAp73. We further show that POSTN overexpression is sufficient to rescue the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma cells after p73 knock down. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed that an intact p73/POSTN axis, where POSTN and p73 expression is correlated, predicts bad prognosis in several cancer types. Taken together, our results support a novel role of TAp73 in controlling glioblastoma cell invasion by regulating the expression of the matricellular protein POSTN.
Collapse
|
35
|
The essential role of TAp73 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis in p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5423. [PMID: 28710427 PMCID: PMC5511205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are among the most highly occurring events in colorectal cancer (CRC). Such mutations have been shown to influence the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. However their impact on the efficacy of the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib remains controversial. We thus re-evaluated the toxicity of bortezomib in the CRC cell lines HCT116 wt (wild-type) and its p53-/- clone. Transient resistance to bortezomib treatment was observed in p53-null cells that was later accompanied by an increase in levels and nuclear translocation of TAp73, an isoform of the p53-homologue p73, as well as induction of apoptosis. Knockdown of p73 in p53-/- cells using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly prolonged the duration of resistance. Moreover, similar results were observed in HT-29 cells carrying mutated p53, but not human fibroblasts with expression of functional p53. Thus, our results clearly demonstrated that TAp73 served as a substitute for p53 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis in p53-deficient or mutated cells, implicating that TAp73 could be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of CRCs, in particular those lacking functional p53.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ramjiawan RR, Griffioen AW, Duda DG. Anti-angiogenesis for cancer revisited: Is there a role for combinations with immunotherapy? Angiogenesis 2017; 20:185-204. [PMID: 28361267 PMCID: PMC5439974 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels and has been characterized as an essential process for tumor cell proliferation and viability. This has led to the development of pharmacological agents for anti-angiogenesis to disrupt the vascular supply and starve tumor of nutrients and oxygen, primarily through blockade of VEGF/VEGFR signaling. This effort has resulted in 11 anti-VEGF drugs approved for certain advanced cancers, alone or in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies. But this success had only limited impact on overall survival of cancer patients and rarely resulted in durable responses. Given the recent success of immunotherapies, combinations of anti-angiogenics with immune checkpoint blockers have become an attractive strategy. However, implementing such combinations will require a better mechanistic understanding of their interaction. Due to overexpression of pro-angiogenic factors in tumors, their vasculature is often tortuous and disorganized, with excessively branched leaky vessels. This enhances vascular permeability, which in turn is associated with high interstitial fluid pressure, and a reduction in blood perfusion and oxygenation. Judicious dosing of anti-angiogenic treatment can transiently normalize the tumor vasculature by decreasing vascular permeability and improving tumor perfusion and blood flow, and synergize with immunotherapy in this time window. However, anti-angiogenics may also excessively prune tumor vessels in a dose and time-dependent manner, which induces hypoxia and immunosuppression, including increased expression of the immune checkpoint programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1). This review focuses on revisiting the concept of anti-angiogenesis in combination with immunotherapy as a strategy for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh R Ramjiawan
- E. L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom St, Cox-734, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan G Duda
- E. L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Blossom St, Cox-734, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dulloo I, Hooi PB, Sabapathy K. Hypoxia-induced DNp73 stabilization regulates Vegf-A expression and tumor angiogenesis similar to TAp73. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3533-9. [PMID: 26267146 PMCID: PMC4825702 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1078038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
P73, the homolog of p53, exists in 2 major forms: either as a pro-apoptotic TAp73 or an amino-terminally truncated DNp73, the latter lacking the first transactivation domain. While TAp73s tumor suppressive functions have been established, DNp73 is an anti-apoptotic protein conferring chemoresistance and is associated with poor survival. However, both forms are variably overexpressed in many human cancers. In this context, we have recently demonstrated that TAp73 is stabilized by hypoxia, a tumor-relevant condition that is associated with cell survival, via HIF-1α-mediated suppression of Siah1 E3 ligase that degrades TAp73. Consequently, hypoxic signals lead to TAp73-mediated activation of several angiogenic genes and blood vessel formation, thereby supporting tumorigenesis. We show here that, similar to TAp73, DNp73 is stabilized by hypoxia in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, which otherwise is degraded by Siah1. Moreover, DNp73 is capable of inducing the expression of Vegf-A, the prototypic angiogenic gene, and loss of DNp73 expression results in reduction in tumor vasculature and size. These data therefore indicate a common mode of regulation for both p73 forms by hypoxia, resulting in the promotion of angiogenesis and tumor growth, highlighting common functionality of these antagonistic proteins under specific physiological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Dulloo
- a Division of Cellular & Molecular Research; Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research; National Cancer Centre ; Singapore
| | - Phang Beng Hooi
- a Division of Cellular & Molecular Research; Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research; National Cancer Centre ; Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- a Division of Cellular & Molecular Research; Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research; National Cancer Centre ; Singapore.,b Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School ; Singapore.,c Biochemistry; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore ; Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Deng W, Feng X, Li X, Wang D, Sun L. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in autoimmune diseases. Cell Immunol 2016; 303:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
The role of p73, the homologue of the tumor suppressor p53, in regulating angiogenesis has recently been extensively investigated, resulting in the publication of five articles. Of these, two studies suggested a suppressive role, while the others implied a stimulatory role for the p73 isoforms in regulating angiogenesis. A negative role for TAp73, the full-length form that is often associated with tumor suppression, in blood vessel formation, is consistent with its general attributes and was proposed to be effected indirectly through the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1-α), the master angiogenic regulator. In contrast, a positive role for TAp73 coincides with its recently understood role in supporting cellular survival and thus tumorigenesis, consistent with TAp73 being not-mutated but rather often overexpressed in clinical contexts. In the latter case, TAp73 expression was induced by hypoxia via HIF1-α, and it appears to directly promote angiogenic target gene activation and blood vessel formation independent of HIF1-α. This mini review will provide an overview of these seemingly opposite recent findings as well as earlier data, which collectively establish the definite possibility that TAp73 is indeed capable of both promoting and inhibiting angiogenesis, depending on the cellular context.
Collapse
|
40
|
Amino-terminal p53 mutations lead to expression of apoptosis proficient p47 and prognosticate better survival, but predispose to tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6349-58. [PMID: 26578795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510043112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas most mutations in p53 occur in the DNA-binding domain and lead to its functional inactivation, their relevance in the amino-terminal transactivation domain is unclear. We show here that amino-terminal p53 (ATp53) mutations often result in the abrogation of full-length p53 expression, but concomitantly lead to the expression of the amino-terminally truncated p47 isoform. Using genetically modified cancer cells that only express p47, we demonstrate it to be up-regulated in response to various stimuli, and to contribute to cell death, through its ability to selectively activate a group of apoptotic target genes. Target gene selectivity is influenced by K382 acetylation, which depends on the amino terminus, and is required for recruitment of selective cofactors. Consistently, cancers capable of expressing p47 had a better overall survival. Nonetheless, retention of the apoptotic function appears insufficient for tumor suppression, because these mutations are also found in the germ line and lead to Li-Fraumeni syndrome. These data from ATp53 mutations collectively demonstrate that p53's apoptosis proficiency is dispensable for tumor suppression, but could prognosticate better survival.
Collapse
|
41
|
Vartholomaiou E, Echeverría PC, Picard D. Unusual Suspects in the Twilight Zone Between the Hsp90 Interactome and Carcinogenesis. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 129:1-30. [PMID: 26915999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 has attracted a lot of interest in cancer research ever since cancer cells were found to be more sensitive to Hsp90 inhibition than normal cells. Why that is has remained a matter of debate and is still unclear. In addition to increased Hsp90 dependence for some mutant cancer proteins and modifications of the Hsp90 machinery itself, a number of other characteristics of cancer cells probably contribute to this phenomenon; these include aneuploidy and overall increased numbers and levels of defective and mutant proteins, which all contribute to perturbed proteostasis. Work over the last two decades has demonstrated that many cancer-related proteins are Hsp90 clients, and yet only few of them have been extensively investigated, selected either on the basis of their obvious function as cancer drivers or because they proved to be convenient biomarkers for monitoring the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors. The purpose of our review is to go beyond these "usual suspects." We established a workflow to select poorly studied proteins that are related to cancer processes and qualify as Hsp90 clients. By discussing and taking a fresh look at these "unusual suspects," we hope to stimulate others to revisit them as novel therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo C Echeverría
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Amelio I, Melino G. The p53 family and the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs): determinants of cancer progression. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:425-34. [PMID: 26032560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HIFs have long been associated with resistance to therapy, metastasis, and poor survival rates in cancer patients. In parallel, although the tumor-suppressor p53 acts as the first barrier against tumor transformation, its inactivation also appears to be crucial for enabling cancer progression at advanced stages. p53 has been proposed to antagonize HIF, and emerging evidence suggests that the p53 siblings p63 and p73 also participate in this interplay. Crosstalk between HIFs and the p53 family acts as a determinant of cancer progression through regulating angiogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, dormancy, metastasis, and recurrence. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying this regulation and the controversies in this field in an attempt to provide a unified view of current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|