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Lin N, Yin W, Miller H, Byazrova MG, Herrada AA, Benlagha K, Lee P, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Yan Y, Filatov A, Liu C. The role of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells in HBV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169601. [PMID: 37275865 PMCID: PMC10235474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B has become one of the major global health threats, especially in developing countries and regions. Hepatitis B virus infection greatly increases the risk for liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. However, treatment for hepatitis B is limited when considering the huge base of infected people. The immune response against hepatitis B is mediated mainly by CD8+ T cells, which are key to fighting invading viruses, while regulatory T cells prevent overreaction of the immune response process. Additionally, follicular T helper cells play a key role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and formation of germinal centers. The pathogenic process of hepatitis B virus is generally the result of a disorder or dysfunction of the immune system. Therefore, we present in this review the critical functions and related biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqi Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Research and Development, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, United States
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrés A. Herrada
- Lymphatic Vasculature and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Youqing Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wuhan No.7 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Kataria R, Kaur S, Kaundal R. Deciphering the complete human-monkeypox virus interactome: Identifying immune responses and potential drug targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116988. [PMID: 37051239 PMCID: PMC10083500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a dsDNA virus, belonging to Poxviridae family. The outbreak of monkeypox disease in humans is critical in European and Western countries, owing to its origin in African regions. The highest number of cases of the disease were found in the United States, followed by Spain and Brazil. Understanding the complete infection mechanism of diverse MPXV strains and their interaction with humans is important for therapeutic drug development, and to avoid any future epidemics. Using computational systems biology, we deciphered the genome-wide protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between 22 MPXV strains and human proteome. Based on phylogenomics and disease severity, 3 different strains of MPXV: Zaire-96-I-16, MPXV-UK_P2, and MPXV_USA_2022_MA001 were selected for comparative functional analysis of the proteins involved in the interactions. On an average, we predicted around 92,880 non-redundant PPIs between human and MPXV proteomes, involving 8014 host and 116 pathogen proteins from the 3 strains. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed 10,624 common GO terms in which the host proteins of 3 strains were highly enriched. These include significant GO terms such as platelet activation (GO:0030168), GABA-A receptor complex (GO:1902711), and metalloendopeptidase activity (GO:0004222). The host proteins were also significantly enriched in calcium signaling pathway (hsa04020), MAPK signaling pathway (hsa04010), and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (hsa04750). These significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways are known to be implicated in immunomodulatory and therapeutic role in humans during viral infection. The protein hubs analysis revealed that most of the MPXV proteins form hubs with the protein kinases and AGC kinase C-terminal domains. Furthermore, subcellular localization revealed that most of the human proteins were localized in cytoplasm (29.22%) and nucleus (26.79%). A few drugs including Fostamatinib, Tamoxifen and others were identified as potential drug candidates against the monkeypox virus disease. This study reports the genome-scale PPIs elucidation in human-monkeypox virus pathosystem, thus facilitating the research community with functional insights into the monkeypox disease infection mechanism and augment the drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kataria
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Logan, United States
| | - Simardeep Kaur
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Logan, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Logan, United States
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kaundal
- Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Logan, United States
- Bioinformatics Facility, Center for Integrated BioSystems, Logan, United States
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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3
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Rietdijk S, Keszei M, Castro W, Terhorst C, Abadía-Molina AC. Characterization of Ly108-H1 Signaling Reveals Ly108-3 Expression and Additional Strain-Specific Differences in Lupus Prone Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5024. [PMID: 36902453 PMCID: PMC10003074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ly108 (SLAMF6) is a homophilic cell surface molecule that binds SLAM-associated protein (SAP), an intracellular adapter protein that modulates humoral immune responses. Furthermore, Ly108 is crucial for the development of natural killer T (NKT) cells and CTL cytotoxicity. Significant attention has been paid towards expression and function of Ly108 since multiple isoforms were identified, i.e., Ly108-1, Ly108-2, Ly108-3, and Ly108-H1, some of which are differentially expressed in several mouse strains. Surprisingly, Ly108-H1 appeared to protect against disease in a congenic mouse model of Lupus. Here, we use cell lines to further define Ly108-H1 function in comparison with other isoforms. We show that Ly108-H1 inhibits IL-2 production while having little effect upon cell death. With a refined method, we could detect phosphorylation of Ly108-H1 and show that SAP binding is retained. We propose that Ly108-H1 may regulate signaling at two levels by retaining the capability to bind its extracellular as well as intracellular ligands, possibly inhibiting downstream pathways. In addition, we detected Ly108-3 in primary cells and show that this isoform is also differentially expressed between mouse strains. The presence of additional binding motifs and a non-synonymous SNP in Ly108-3 further extends the diversity between murine strains. This work highlights the importance of isoform awareness, as inherent homology can present a challenge when interpreting mRNA and protein expression data, especially as alternatively splicing potentially affects function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend Rietdijk
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, CIBM, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, OLVG Hospital, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marton Keszei
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wilson Castro
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ana C. Abadía-Molina
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, CIBM, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Planas R, Felber M, Vavassori S, Pachlopnik Schmid J. The hyperinflammatory spectrum: from defects in cytotoxicity to cytokine control. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163316. [PMID: 37187762 PMCID: PMC10175623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes kill target cells through polarized release of the content of cytotoxic granules towards the target cell. The importance of this cytotoxic pathway in immune regulation is evidenced by the severe and often fatal condition, known as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) that occurs in mice and humans with inborn errors of lymphocyte cytotoxic function. The clinical and preclinical data indicate that the damage seen in severe, virally triggered HLH is due to an overwhelming immune system reaction and not the direct effects of the virus per se. The main HLH-disease mechanism, which links impaired cytotoxicity to excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines is a prolongation of the synapse time between the cytotoxic effector cell and the target cell, which prompts the former to secrete larger amounts of cytokines (including interferon gamma) that activate macrophages. We and others have identified novel genetic HLH spectrum disorders. In the present update, we position these newly reported molecular causes, including CD48-haploinsufficiency and ZNFX1-deficiency, within the pathogenic pathways that lead to HLH. These genetic defects have consequences on the cellular level on a gradient model ranging from impaired lymphocyte cytotoxicity to intrinsic activation of macrophages and virally infected cells. Altogether, it is clear that target cells and macrophages may play an independent role and are not passive bystanders in the pathogenesis of HLH. Understanding these processes which lead to immune dysregulation may pave the way to novel ideas for medical intervention in HLH and virally triggered hypercytokinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Planas
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Felber
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vavassori
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- Division of Immunology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Pediatric Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jana Pachlopnik Schmid,
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Role of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy-from bench to bed. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:29. [PMID: 36460881 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a specific T cell subset known to express the αβ-T cell receptor (TCR) for antigens identification and express typical NK cell specifications, such as surface expression of CD56 and CD16 markers as well as production of granzyme. Human NKT cells are divided into two subgroups based on their cytokine receptor and TCR repertoire. Both of them are CD1-restricted and recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. Studies have demonstrated that these cells are essential in defense against malignancies. These cells secret proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines that stimulate or suppress immune system responses. In several murine tumor models, activation of type I NKT cells induces tumor rejection and inhibits metastasis's spread. However, type II NKT cells are associated with an inhibitory and regulatory function during tumor immune responses. Variant NKT cells may suppress tumor immunity via different mechanisms that require cross-talk with other immune-regulatory cells. NKT-like cells display high tumor-killing abilities against many tumor cells. In the recent decade, different studies have been performed based on the application of NKT-based immunotherapy for cancer therapy. Moreover, manipulation of NKT cells through administering autologous dendritic cell (DC) loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and direct α-GalCer injection has also been tested. In this review, we described different subtypes of NKT cells, their function in the anti-tumor immune responses, and the application of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy from bench to bed.
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Allosteric inhibition of SHP2 rescues functional T-cell abnormalities in SAP deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1507-1516.e7. [PMID: 35839843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a primary immunodeficiency arising from SH2D1A mutations leading to loss of SLAM-associated protein (SAP). SAP is an intracellular adaptor protein that binds to SLAM family receptors and is expressed in specific lymphoid lineages. In T cells, SAP relays activatory signals from the T-cell receptor but in its absence SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphase-1 (SHP1), SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphase-2 (SHP2), and SH2 containing inositol 5'-phosphatase proteins (SHIP) induce T-cell inhibitory signals leading to abnormal T-cell responses. This results in severe clinical manifestations including immune dysregulation, dysgammaglobulinemia, lymphoma, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Current treatment relies on supportive therapies including immunoglobulin replacement and symptom-directed therapy, with hematopoietic stem cell transplant offering the only curative option. OBJECTIVES As most XLP symptoms are due to defective T-cell function, this study investigated whether inhibition of SHP2 can restore cellular function in the absence of SAP. METHODS Healthy donor and XLP patient T cells were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 in T-cell media supplemented with a SHP2 inhibitor (RMC-4550 in vitro for 24 hours) and functional assays were performed to assess follicular TH (TFH) cell function, CD8 cytotoxicity, and sensitivity to restimulation-induced cell death. Additionally, SAP-deficient (SAPy/-) mice were treated with RMC-4550 before T-cell mediated challenge with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetly conjugated chicken gammaglobulin and subsequent assessment of humoral immunity analyzing TFH cell population, germinal center formation, and antigen-dependent immunoglobulin secretion. RESULTS This study shows that the use of RMC-4550 restores T-cell function in XLP patient cells and a SAPy/- model, demonstrating restoration of TFH cell function through immunoglobulin and cytokine secretion analysis alongside rescue of cytotoxicity and restimulation-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that SHP2 inhibitors could offer a novel and effective targeted treatment approach for patients with XLP.
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7
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Are Viral Infections Key Inducers of Autoimmune Diseases? Focus on Epstein–Barr Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091900. [PMID: 36146707 PMCID: PMC9506567 DOI: 10.3390/v14091900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that certain viral infections can trigger the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which these viruses induce autoimmunity are still not understood. In this review, we first describe hypothetical mechanisms by which viruses induce some representative autoimmune diseases. Then, we focus on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and discuss its role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The discussion is mainly based on our own previous findings that (A) EBV DNA and its products EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) are present in the synovial lesions of RA, (B) mRNA expression of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP)/SH2D1A gene that plays a critical role in cellular immune responses to EBV is reduced in the peripheral T cells of patients with RA, and (C) EBV infection of mice reconstituted with human immune system components (humanized mice) induced erosive arthritis that is pathologically similar to RA. Additionally, environmental factors may contribute to EBV reactivation as follows: Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), an enzyme required for citrullination, engenders antigens leading to the production of citrullinated peptides both in the gingiva and synovium. Anti-citrullinated peptides autoantibody is an important marker for diagnosis and disease activity of RA. These findings, as well as various results obtained by other researchers, strongly suggest that EBV is directly involved in the pathogenesis of RA, a typical autoimmune disease.
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8
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Immune Checkpoint Receptors Signaling in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073529. [PMID: 35408889 PMCID: PMC8999077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the receptors negatively modulating lymphocyte function is rapidly advancing, driven by success in tumor immunotherapy. As a result, the number of immune checkpoint receptors characterized from a functional perspective and targeted by innovative drugs continues to expand. This review focuses on the less explored area of the signaling mechanisms of these receptors, of those expressed in T cells. Studies conducted mainly on PD-1, CTLA-4, and BTLA have evidenced that the extracellular parts of some of the receptors act as decoy receptors for activating ligands, but in all instances, the tyrosine phosphorylation of their cytoplasmatic tail drives a crucial inhibitory signal. This negative signal is mediated by a few key signal transducers, such as tyrosine phosphatase, inositol phosphatase, and diacylglycerol kinase, which allows them to counteract TCR-mediated activation. The characterization of these signaling pathways is of great interest in the development of therapies for counteracting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte exhaustion/anergy independently from the receptors involved.
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9
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Cruz-Zárate D, Miguel-Rodríguez CE, Martínez-Vargas IU, Santos-Argumedo L. Myosin 1g and 1f: A Prospective Analysis in NK Cell Functions. Front Immunol 2022; 12:760290. [PMID: 34970258 PMCID: PMC8712487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells are contained in the ILC1 group; they are recognized for their antiviral and antitumor cytotoxic capacity; NK cells also participate in other immune response processes through cytokines secretion. However, the mechanisms that regulate these functions are poorly understood since NK cells are not as abundant as other lymphocytes, which has made them difficult to study. Using public databases, we identified that NK cells express mRNA encoding class I myosins, among which Myosin 1g and Myosin 1f are prominent. Therefore, this mini-review aims to generate a model of the probable participation of Myosin 1g and 1f in NK cells, based on information reported about the function of these myosins in other leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cruz-Zárate
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Emilio Miguel-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Irving Ulises Martínez-Vargas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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10
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T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:412. [PMID: 34897277 PMCID: PMC8666445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are translated into various signal transduction pathways within the cell, which mediate the activation of various genes with the help of specific transcription factors. These signaling networks propagate with the help of various effector enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Integration of these disparate signal transduction pathways is done with the help of adaptor proteins that are non-enzymatic in function and that serve as a scaffold for various protein-protein interactions. This process aids in connecting the proximal to distal signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the full activation of T cells. This review provides a comprehensive snapshot of the various molecules involved in regulating T cell receptor signaling, covering both enzymes and adaptors, and will discuss their role in human disease.
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11
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Gutierrez-Guerrero A, Mancilla-Herrera I, Maravillas-Montero JL, Martinez-Duncker I, Veillette A, Cruz-Munoz ME. SLAMF7 selectively favors degranulation to promote cytotoxicity in human NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:62-74. [PMID: 34693521 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NK cells play an important role in immunity by recognizing and eliminating cells undergoing infection or malignant transformation. This role is dependent on the ability of NK cells to lyse targets cells in a perforin-dependent mechanism and by secreting inflammatory cytokines. Both effector functions are controlled by several cell surface receptors. The Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule (SLAM) family of receptors plays an essential role in regulating NK cell activation. Several studies have demonstrated that SLAMF7 regulates NK cell activation. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which SLAMF7 influences NK effector functions are unknown. Here, we present evidence that physiological ligation of SLAMF7 in human NK cells enhances the lysis of target cells expressing SLAMF7. This effect was dependent on the ability of SLAMF7 to promote NK cell degranulation rather than cytotoxic granule polarization or cell adhesion. Moreover, SLAMF7-dependent NK cell degranulation was predominantly dependent on PLC-γ when compared to PI3K. These data provide novel information on the cellular mechanism by which SLAMF7 regulates human NK cell activation. Finally, this study supports a model for NK cell activation where activated receptors contribute by regulating specific discrete cellular events rather than multiple cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Gutierrez-Guerrero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.,Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Jose L Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Ivan Martinez-Duncker
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Andre Veillette
- Institute de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario E Cruz-Munoz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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12
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Rowaiye AB, Asala T, Oli AN, Uzochukwu IC, Akpa A, Esimone CO. The Activating Receptors of Natural Killer Cells and Their Inter-Switching Potentials. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1733-1751. [PMID: 32914713 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200910160929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is on the increase and researchers are prospecting for specific and non-selective therapies derived from the immune system. The killer activating receptors of NK cells are known to be involved in immunosurveillance against tumor and virally-infected cells. These receptors belong to two main categories, namely the immunoglobulin like and C-lectin like families. Though they have different signal pathways, all the killer activating receptors have similar effector functions which include direct cytotoxicity and the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. To transduce signals that exceed the activation threshold for cytotoxicity, most of these receptors require synergistic effort. This review profiles 21 receptors: 13 immunoglobulin-like, 5 lectin-like, and 3 others. It critically explores their structural uniqueness, role in disease, respective transduction signal pathways and their status as current and prospective targets for cancer immunotherapy. While the native ligands of most of these receptors are known, much work is required to prospect for specific antibodies, peptides and multi-target small molecules with high binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Titilayo Asala
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria
| | - Ikemefuna Chijioke Uzochukwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria
| | - Alex Akpa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria
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13
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SLAM/SAP Decreased Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Graves' Disease. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5548463. [PMID: 33987447 PMCID: PMC8079219 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and SLAM-associated protein (SAP) play important role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Our study is aimed at detecting the expression of SLAM and SAP in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and analyzing the effect of SLAM/SAP on circulating blood CD4+CXCR5+Foxp3+ follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells. The level of SAP in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and the level of SLAM on CD19+ B cells were significantly increased in the patients with GD, but no significant difference in the level of SLAM on CD4+CXCR5+ T cells was observed between the patients with GD and the healthy controls. A decrease in the percentage of Foxp3+ cells in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells was observed following anti-SLAM treatment, but the percentages of IFN-γ+ cells, IL-4+ cells, and IL-17+ cells showed no obvious differences. The proportion of circulating Tfr cells was decreased in the patients with GD, and the proportion of circulating Tfr cells had a negative correlation with the level of SAP in CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and the levels of autoantibodies in the serum of the patients with GD. Our results suggested that the SLAM/SAP signaling pathway is involved in the decrease of circulating Tfr cells in Graves' disease.
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14
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Gartshteyn Y, Askanase AD, Mor A. SLAM Associated Protein Signaling in T Cells: Tilting the Balance Toward Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654839. [PMID: 33936082 PMCID: PMC8086963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is the result of the integration of signals across the T cell receptor and adjacent co-receptors. The signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) family are transmembrane co-receptors that modulate antigen driven T cell responses. Signal transduction downstream of the SLAM receptor is mediated by the adaptor protein SLAM Associated Protein (SAP), a small intracellular protein with a single SH2 binding domain that can recruit tyrosine kinases as well as shield phosphorylated sites from dephosphorylation. Balanced SLAM-SAP signaling within T cells is required for healthy immunity, with deficiency or overexpression prompting autoimmune diseases. Better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the intracellular signaling downstream of SLAM could provide treatment targets for these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya Gartshteyn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anca D Askanase
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam Mor
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Hajaj E, Zisman E, Tzaban S, Merims S, Cohen J, Klein S, Frankenburg S, Sade-Feldman M, Tabach Y, Yizhak K, Navon A, Stepensky P, Hacohen N, Peretz T, Veillette A, Karni R, Eisenberg G, Lotem M. Alternative Splicing of the Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Receptor SLAMF6 Generates a Dominant Positive Form, Boosting T-cell Effector Functions. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:637-650. [PMID: 33762352 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SLAMF6 is a homotypic receptor of the Ig-superfamily associated with progenitor-exhausted T cells. Here we show that in humans, SLAMF6 has three splice isoforms involving its V-domain. Although the canonical receptor inhibited T-cell activation through SAP recruitment, the short isoform SLAMF6Δ17-65 had a strong agonistic effect. The costimulatory action depended on protein phosphatase SHP1 and led to a cytotoxic molecular profile mediated by the expression of TBX21 and RUNX3. Patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade showed a shift toward SLAMF6Δ17-65 in peripheral blood T cells. We developed splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) designed to target the relevant SLAMF6 splice junction. Our ASOs enhanced SLAMF6Δ17-65 expression in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and improved their capacity to inhibit human melanoma in mice. The yin-yang relationship of SLAMF6 splice isoforms may represent a balancing mechanism that could be exploited to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hajaj
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Zisman
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shay Tzaban
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Merims
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiri Klein
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Frankenburg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keren Yizhak
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ami Navon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - André Veillette
- IRCM, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rotem Karni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galit Eisenberg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.,Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Sugawara S, Manickam C, Reeves K. TRIGGERED: could refocused cell signaling be key to natural killer cell-based HIV immunotherapeutics? AIDS 2021; 35:165-176. [PMID: 33116071 PMCID: PMC7775286 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the critical innate immune effector cells that directly kill tumors and virus-infected cells, and modulate other immune cells including dendritic cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Signals from activating and inhibitory surface receptors orchestrate the regulatory and cytotoxic functions of NK cells. Although a number of surface receptors are involved, multiple signaling molecules are shared so that NK cell responses are synergistically regulated. Many pathogens and tumors evade NK cell responses by targeting NK cell signaling. Particularly in HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, the NK cell repertoire is diminished by changes in subsets of NK cells, expression of activating and inhibitory receptors, and intracellular signaling molecules. However, in-depth studies on intracellular signaling in NK cells in HIV/SIV infections remain limited. Checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells have demonstrated enhanced NK cell activities against tumors and viral infections. In addition, targeting intracellular signaling molecules by small molecules could also improve NK cell responses towards HIV/SIV infection in vivo. Therefore, further understanding of NK cell signaling including identification of key signaling molecules is crucial to maximize the efficacy of NK cell-based treatments. Herein, we review the current state of the literature and outline potential future avenues where optimized NK cells could be utilized in HIV-1 cure strategies and other immunotherapeutics in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sugawara
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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17
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Ben-Shmuel A, Sabag B, Biber G, Barda-Saad M. The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Regulating the Natural Killer Cell Immune Response in Health and Disease: From Signaling Dynamics to Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:609532. [PMID: 33598461 PMCID: PMC7882700 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.609532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells, which play key roles in elimination of virally infected and malignant cells. The balance between activating and inhibitory signals derived from NK surface receptors govern the NK cell immune response. The cytoskeleton facilitates most NK cell effector functions, such as motility, infiltration, conjugation with target cells, immunological synapse assembly, and cytotoxicity. Though many studies have characterized signaling pathways that promote actin reorganization in immune cells, it is not completely clear how particular cytoskeletal architectures at the immunological synapse promote effector functions, and how cytoskeletal dynamics impact downstream signaling pathways and activation. Moreover, pioneering studies employing advanced imaging techniques have only begun to uncover the architectural complexity dictating the NK cell activation threshold; it is becoming clear that a distinct organization of the cytoskeleton and signaling receptors at the NK immunological synapse plays a decisive role in activation and tolerance. Here, we review the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in NK cells. We focus on how actin dynamics impact cytolytic granule secretion, NK cell motility, and NK cell infiltration through tissues into inflammatory sites. We will also describe the additional cytoskeletal components, non-muscle Myosin II and microtubules that play pivotal roles in NK cell activity. Furthermore, special emphasis will be placed on the role of the cytoskeleton in assembly of immunological synapses, and how mutations or downregulation of cytoskeletal accessory proteins impact NK cell function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Batel Sabag
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Biber
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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18
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Research Progress on NK Cell Receptors and Their Signaling Pathways. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6437057. [PMID: 32774149 PMCID: PMC7396059 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6437057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) play an important role in innate immunity. NK cells recognize self and nonself depending on the balance of activating receptors and inhibitory receptors. After binding to their ligands, NK cell receptors trigger subsequent signaling conduction and then determine whether NK is activated or inhibited. Furthermore, NK cell response includes cytotoxicity and cytokine release, which is tightly related to the activation of NK cell-activating receptors and the inhibition of inhibitory receptors on the surfaces of NK cells. The expression and function of NK cell surface receptors also alter in virus infection, tumor, and autoimmune diseases and influence the occurrence and development of diseases. So, it is important to understand the mechanism of recognition between NK receptors and their ligands in pathological conditions and the signaling pathways of NK cell receptors. This review mainly summarizes the research progress on NK cell surface receptors and their signal pathways.
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19
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Jiang X, Wang Y, Li X, He L, Yang Q, Wang W, Liu J, Zha B. Microarray profile of B cells from Graves' disease patients reveals biomarkers of proliferation. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:405-417. [PMID: 32432440 PMCID: PMC7274554 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are the source of autoantibodies against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in Graves' disease (GD). Characterization of autoimmune B-cell expression profiles might enable a better understanding of GD pathogenesis. To reveal this, the expression levels of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs (genes) in purified B cells from patients with newly diagnosed GD and healthy individuals were compared using microarrays, which elucidated 604 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and 410 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and pathway analyses revealed that the DEGs are mainly involved in immune response. A protein-protein interaction network presented experimentally validated interactions among the DEGs. Two independent algorithms were used to identify the DE-lncRNAs that regulate the DEGs. Functional annotation of the deregulated lncRNA-mRNA pairs identified 14 pairs with mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. The lncRNAs TCONS_00022357-XLOC_010919 and n335641 were predicted to regulate TCL1 family AKT coactivator A (TCL1A), and the lncRNA n337845 was predicted to regulate SH2 domain containing 1A (SH2D1A). TCL1A and SH2D1A are highly involved in B-cell proliferation. The differential expression of both genes was validated by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of B cells from patients with GD indicated that the lncRNA-mRNA pairs n335641-TCL1A, TCONS_00022357-XLOC_010919-TCL1A, and n337845-SH2D1A may participate in GD pathogenesis by modulating B-cell proliferation and survival. Therefore, the identified lncRNA and mRNA may represent novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leqi He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Zha:
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20
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Latour S, Fischer A. Signaling pathways involved in the T-cell-mediated immunity against Epstein-Barr virus: Lessons from genetic diseases. Immunol Rev 2020; 291:174-189. [PMID: 31402499 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) provide researchers with unique models to understand in vivo immune responses in general and immunity to infections in particular. In humans, impaired immune control of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with the occurrence of several different immunopathologic conditions; these include non-malignant and malignant B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe inflammatory condition, and a chronic acute EBV infection of T cells. Studies of PIDs associated with a predisposition to develop severe, chronic EBV infections have led to the identification of key components of immunity to EBV - notably the central role of T-cell expansion and its regulation in the pathophysiology of EBV-associated diseases. On one hand, the defective expansion of EBV-specific CD8 T cells results from mutations in genes involved in T-cell activation (such as RASGRP1, MAGT1, and ITK), DNA metabolism (CTPS1) or co-stimulatory pathways (CD70, CD27, and TNFSFR9 (also known as CD137/4-1BB)) leads to impaired elimination of proliferating EBV-infected B cells and the occurrence of lymphoma. On the other hand, protracted T-cell expansion and activation after the defective killing of EBV-infected B cells is caused by genetic defects in the components of the lytic granule exocytosis pathway or in the small adapter protein SH2D1A (also known as SAP), a key activator of T- and NK cell-cytotoxicity. In this setting, the persistence of EBV-infected cells results in HLH, a condition characterized by unleashed T-cell and macrophage activation. Moreover, genetic defects causing selective vulnerability to EBV infection have highlighted the role of co-receptor molecules (CD27, CD137, and SLAM-R) selectively involved in immune responses against infected B cells via specific T-B cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institut, Paris, France.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France
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21
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Chen S, Li D, Wang Y, Li Q, Dong Z. Regulation of MHC class I-independent NK cell education by SLAM family receptors. Adv Immunol 2019; 145:159-185. [PMID: 32081197 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven members of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors (SFRs) are ubiquitously expressed on hematopoietic cells and they play critical roles in immune cell differentiation and activation. The engagement of these receptors transmits intracellular signaling mainly by recruiting SLAM-associated protein (SAP) and its related adaptors, EWS-FLI1-activated transcript-2 (EAT-2) and EAT-2-related transducer (ERT). The critical roles of SFRs and SAP-family adaptors are highlighted by the discovery that SAP is mutated in human X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP1) disease in which the contact between T and B cells in germinal center and cytotoxic lymphocytes (NK cells and CD8+ T cells) function are severely compromised. These immune defects are closely associated with the defective antibody production and the high incidence of lymphoma in the patients with XLP1. In addition to these well-known functions, SLAM-SAP family is involved in NK cell education, a process describing NK cell functional competence. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss these unappreciated roles of SAP-dependent and SAP-independent SFR signaling in regulating MHC-I-independent NK cell education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuande Wang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaozhen Li
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- School of Medicine and Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Kuriri FA, O'Malley CJ, Jackson DE. Molecular mechanisms of immunoreceptors in platelets. Thromb Res 2019; 176:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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23
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NK cell recognition of hematopoietic cells by SLAM-SAP families. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:452-459. [PMID: 30911116 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors (SFRs) are ubiquitously expressed on immune cells, and they regulate multiple immune events by recruiting SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing SAP family adapters, including SAP and its homologs, Ewing's sarcoma-associated transcript 2 (EAT-2) and EAT-2 related transducer (ERT). In human patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease, which is caused by SAP mutations, SFRs alternatively bind other inhibitory SH2 domain-containing molecules to suppress immune cell activation and development. NK cells express multiple SFRs and all SAP family adapters. In recent decades, SFRs have been found to be critical for enhancing NK cell activation in response to abnormal hematopoietic cells in SAP-family-intact NK cells; however, SFRs might suppress NK cell activation in SAP-family-deficient mice or patients with XLP1. In this paper, we review how these two distinct SFR signaling pathways orchestrate NK cell activation and inhibition and highlight the importance of SFR regulation of NK cell biology and their physiological status and pathological relevance in patients with XLP1.
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24
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Iqbal J, Amador C, McKeithan TW, Chan WC. Molecular and Genomic Landscape of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2019; 176:31-68. [PMID: 30596212 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99716-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an uncommon group of lymphoma covering a diverse spectrum of entities. Little was known regarding the molecular and genomic landscapes of these diseases until recently but the knowledge is still quite spotty with many rarer types of PTCL remain largely unexplored. In this chapter, the recent findings from gene expression profiling (GEP) studies, including profiling data on microRNA, where available, will be presented with emphasis on the implication on molecular diagnosis, prognostication, and the identification of new entities (PTCL-GATA3 and PTCL-TBX21) in the PTCL-NOS group. Recent studies using next-generation sequencing have unraveled the mutational landscape in a number of PTCL entities leading to a marked improvement in the understanding of their pathogenesis and biology. While many mutations are shared among PTCL entities, the frequency varies and certain mutations are quite unique to a specific entity. For example, TET2 is often mutated but this is particularly frequent (70-80%) in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and IDH2 R172 mutations appear to be unique for AITL. In general, chromatin modifiers and molecular components in the CD28/T-cell receptor signaling pathways are frequently mutated. The major findings will be summarized in this chapter correlating with GEP data and clinical features where appropriate. The mutational landscape of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, specifically on mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Iqbal
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Catalina Amador
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, US
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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25
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Allosteric Modulation of Binding Specificity by Alternative Packing of Protein Cores. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:336-350. [PMID: 30471255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic cores are often viewed as tightly packed and rigid, but they do show some plasticity and could thus be attractive targets for protein design. Here we explored the role of different functional pressures on the core packing and ligand recognition of the SH3 domain from human Fyn tyrosine kinase. We randomized the hydrophobic core and used phage display to select variants that bound to each of three distinct ligands. The three evolved groups showed remarkable differences in core composition, illustrating the effect of different selective pressures on the core. Changes in the core did not significantly alter protein stability, but were linked closely to changes in binding affinity and specificity. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the structural basis for altered specificity. The evolved domains had significantly reduced core volumes, which in turn induced increased backbone flexibility. These motions were propagated from the core to the binding surface and induced significant conformational changes. These results show that alternative core packing and consequent allosteric modulation of binding interfaces could be used to engineer proteins with novel functions.
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26
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Tamura A, Uemura S, Yamamoto N, Saito A, Kozaki A, Kishimoto K, Ishida T, Hasegawa D, Hiroki H, Okano T, Imai K, Morio T, Kanegane H, Kosaka Y. Hematopoietic cell transplantation for asymptomatic X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:82. [PMID: 30459818 PMCID: PMC6236904 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 (XLP1) is a rare primary immune deficiency, which is caused by SH2D1A gene mutations. XLP1 is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, and/or lymphoma. The only curative treatment for XLP1 is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, published data detailing the clinical course of, and indications for, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in asymptomatic patients with XLP1 is lacking. Although relevant family history could be useful in identifying patients with XLP1 before disease onset, no guidelines have been established on the management of asymptomatic patients with XLP1. Therefore, clinicians and families face dilemmas in balancing between the risk of waiting for the disease onset, and the risk of transplant-related mortality associated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, which is often performed at a very young age. We first describe the detailed clinical course of an asymptomatic patient with XLP1 who successfully underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Case presentation A boy was born at 39 weeks of gestation, weighing 3016 g at birth. He appeared fine, but he underwent genetic testing because his maternal cousin had XLP1. He was found to have a novel c.207_208insC (p.Pro70ProfsX4) mutation in exon 3 of SH2D1A, which was also found in his cousin. There was no HLA-identical donor in his family. Immunoglobulin was administered monthly to prevent EBV infection while searching for an alternative donor. He underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an allele HLA 8/8 fully matched, unrelated donor with a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen consisting of fludarabine, melphalan, and low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) at 20 months of age. The patient has been doing well for 2 years post transplantation and maintaining complete donor chimerism without any evidence of chronic graft versus host disease. Conclusions We describe a case of an asymptomatic patient with XLP1, who successfully underwent unrelated BMT with RIC regimen consisting of fludarabine, melphalan, and 3 Gy TBI. That was well tolerated and successfully generated complete chimerism in every subpopulation. This case delineates the option of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation even in asymptomatic patients with XLP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tamura
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Suguru Uemura
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan.,2Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kusunoki-cho 7-5-2, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yamamoto
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Atsuro Saito
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Aiko Kozaki
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Kenji Kishimoto
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ishida
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Daiichiro Hasegawa
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
| | - Haruka Hiroki
- 3Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okano
- 3Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519 Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- 4Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- 3Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- 5Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kosaka
- 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Cancer Center, Kobe Children's Hospital, Minatojima-Minamimachi 1-6-7, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047 Japan
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27
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Gordiienko I, Shlapatska L, Kovalevska L, Sidorenko SP. SLAMF1/CD150 in hematologic malignancies: Silent marker or active player? Clin Immunol 2018; 204:14-22. [PMID: 30616923 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SLAMF1/CD150 receptor is a founder of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family of cell-surface receptors. It is widely expressed on cells within hematopoietic system. In hematologic malignancies CD150 cell surface expression is restricted to cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, few types of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, near half of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Differential expression among various types of hematological malignancies allows considering CD150 as diagnostical and potential prognostic marker. Moreover, CD150 may be a target for antibody-based or measles virus oncolytic therapy. Due to CD150 signaling properties it is involved in regulation of malignant cell fate decision and tumor microenvironment in Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This review summarizes evidence for the important role of CD150 in pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Gordiienko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Larysa Shlapatska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Kovalevska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana P Sidorenko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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28
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Yigit B, Wang N, Herzog RW, Terhorst C. SLAMF6 in health and disease: Implications for therapeutic targeting. Clin Immunol 2018; 204:3-13. [PMID: 30366106 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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SLAM family receptors in natural killer cells - Mediators of adhesion, activation and inhibition via cis and trans interactions. Clin Immunol 2018; 204:37-42. [PMID: 30359773 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SLAM family receptors are important for the fine-tuning of immune reactions. Their expression is restricted to cells of hematopoietic origin and most SLAM family receptors are their own ligand. Here we review how these receptors are involved in regulating the functions of Natural Killer (NK) cells. We discuss that promoting cellular adhesion may be a main function of SLAM family receptors in NK cells. The homophilic interactions of SLAM family receptors can not only occur in trans between different cells, but also in cis on the surface of the same cell. This cis interaction additionally modulates the function of the receptors and subsequently affects the activities of NK cells. Finally, SLAM-family receptors can also mediate inhibitory signals under certain conditions. These inhibitory signals can contribute to the functional maturation of NK cells during NK cell education. Therefore, SLAM family receptors are critically involved in many aspects of NK cell functionality.
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30
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Qin L, Waseem TC, Sahoo A, Bieerkehazhi S, Zhou H, Galkina EV, Nurieva R. Insights Into the Molecular Mechanisms of T Follicular Helper-Mediated Immunity and Pathology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1884. [PMID: 30158933 PMCID: PMC6104131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play key role in providing help to B cells during germinal center (GC) reactions. Generation of protective antibodies against various infections is an important aspect of Tfh-mediated immune responses and the dysregulation of Tfh cell responses has been implicated in various autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and malignancy. Thus, their differentiation and maintenance must be closely regulated to ensure appropriate help to B cells. The generation and function of Tfh cells is regulated by multiple checkpoints including their early priming stage in T zones and throughout the effector stage of differentiation in GCs. Signaling pathways activated downstream of cytokine and costimulatory receptors as well as consequent activation of subset-specific transcriptional factors are essential steps for Tfh cell generation. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying Tfh cell-mediated immunity and pathology will bring into spotlight potential targets for novel therapies. In this review, we discuss the recent findings related to the molecular mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation and their role in normal immune responses and antibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tayab C Waseem
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shayahati Bieerkehazhi
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Elena V Galkina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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31
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Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhou Y, Shi A, Wang H, Han M, Wan X, Kilonzo SB, Luo X, Chen T, Ning Q. Interference with KCTD9 inhibits NK cell activation and ameliorates fulminant liver failure in mice. BMC Immunol 2018; 19:20. [PMID: 29940856 PMCID: PMC6019787 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 9 (KCTD9), a member of KCTD family with a DNA-like pentapeptide repeat domain, was found to be increased particularly in NK cells of patients with HBV-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and experimental viral fulminant hepatitis. Knockdown of KCTD9 in immortalized NK cells inhibits cytokines production and cytotoxicity. As NK cell activation was shown to exacerbate liver damage in viral fulminant hepatitis, we propose that target inhibition of KCTD9 may prohibit NK cells activity and thus ameliorate liver damage in viral fulminant hepatitis. Result Hydrodynamic delivery of plasmid expressing short-hairpin RNA against KCTD9 resulted in impaired NK cells function as demonstrated by reduced cytokine production and cytotoxicity, and ameliorated liver injury as manifested by improved liver histology and survival rate. In contrast, delivery of plasmid expressing KCTD9 led to deteriorated disease progression. Conclusion Interference with KCTD9 expression exert beneficial effect in viral fulminant hepatitis therapy. Such effect may be mediated by impairment of NK cell activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12865-018-0256-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyong Zhou
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aichao Shi
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Han
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wan
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Semvua Bukheti Kilonzo
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatric Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qin Ning
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, # 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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32
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Latour S, Winter S. Inherited Immunodeficiencies With High Predisposition to Epstein-Barr Virus-Driven Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1103. [PMID: 29942301 PMCID: PMC6004768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpes virus that infects 90% of humans without any symptoms in most cases, but has an oncogenic potential, especially in immunocompromised individuals. In the past 30 years, several primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) associated with a high risk to develop EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs), essentially consisting of virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, non-malignant and malignant B-cell LPDs including non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin’s types of B lymphomas have been characterized. Among them are SH2D1A (SAP), XIAP, ITK, MAGT1, CD27, CD70, CTPS1, RASGRP1, and CORO1A deficiencies. Penetrance of EBV infection ranges from 50 to 100% in those PIDs. Description of large cohorts and case reports has refined the specific phenotypes associated with these PIDs helping to the diagnosis. Specific pathways required for protective immunity to EBV have emerged from studies of these PIDs. SLAM-associated protein-dependent SLAM receptors and MAGT1-dependent NKG2D pathways are important for T and NK-cell cytotoxicity toward EBV-infected B-cells, while CD27–CD70 interactions are critical to drive the expansion of EBV-specific T-cells. CTPS1 and RASGRP1 deficiencies further strengthen that T-lymphocyte expansion is a key step in the immune response to EBV. These pathways appear to be also important for the anti-tumoral immune surveillance of abnormal B cells. Monogenic PIDs should be thus considered in case of any EBV-associated LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe de Recherche Labéllisée, Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Winter
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe de Recherche Labéllisée, Ligue National contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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33
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Dragovich MA, Mor A. The SLAM family receptors: Potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:674-682. [PMID: 29729453 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family is comprised of nine distinct receptors (SLAMF1 through SLAMF9) that are expressed on hematopoietic cells. All of these receptors, with the exception of SLAMF4, are homotypic by nature as downstream signaling occurs when hematopoietic cells that express the same SLAM receptor interact. The SLAM family receptor function is largely controlled via SLAM associated protein (SAP) family adaptors. The SAP family adaptors consist of SAP, Ewing sarcoma associated transcript (EAT)-2, and EAT-2-related transducer (ERT). These adaptors associate with the cytoplasmic domain of the SLAM family receptors through phosphorylated tyrosines. Defects in SLAM family members and SAP adaptors have been implicated in causing immune deficiencies. This is exemplified in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative (XLP) disease, where SAP undergoes a loss of function mutation. Furthermore, evidence has been accumulating that SLAM family members are potential targets for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the structure and function of the SLAM family receptors and SAP family adaptors, their role in immune regulation, and potential approaches to target this family of receptors therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Dragovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adam Mor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells express an array of germ-line encoded receptors that are capable of triggering cytotoxicity. NK cells tend to express many members of a given family of signalling molecules. The presence of many activating receptors and many members of a given family of signalling molecules can enable NK cells to detect different kinds of target cells, and to mount different kinds of responses. This contributes also to the robustness of NK cells responses; cytotoxic functions of NK cells often remain unaffected in the absence of selected signalling molecules. NK cells express many MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors. Signals from MHC-I-specific inhibitory receptors tightly control NK cell cytotoxicity and, paradoxically, maintain NK cells in a state of proper responsiveness. This review provides a brief overview of the events that underlie NK cell activation, and how signals from inhibitory receptors intercept NK cell activation to prevent inappropriate triggering of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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35
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Panchal N, Booth C, Cannons JL, Schwartzberg PL. X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Type 1: A Clinical and Molecular Perspective. Front Immunol 2018; 9:666. [PMID: 29670631 PMCID: PMC5893764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) was first described in the 1970s as a fatal lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Features include hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), lymphomas, and dysgammaglobulinemias. Molecular cloning of the causative gene, SH2D1A, has provided insight into the nature of disease, as well as helped characterize multiple features of normal immune cell function. Although XLP type 1 (XLP1) provides an example of a primary immunodeficiency in which patients have problems clearing primarily one infectious agent, it is clear that XLP1 is also a disease of severe immune dysregulation, even independent of EBV infection. Here, we describe clinical features of XLP1, how molecular and biological studies of the gene product, SAP, and the associated signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family receptors have provided insight into disease pathogenesis including specific immune cell defects, and current therapeutic approaches including the potential use of gene therapy. Together, these studies have helped change the outcome of this once almost uniformly fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Panchal
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Booth
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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36
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Abstract
Proper regulation of the immune system is required for protection against pathogens and preventing autoimmune disorders. Inborn errors of the immune system due to inherited or de novo germline mutations can lead to the loss of protective immunity, aberrant immune homeostasis, and the development of autoimmune disease, or combinations of these. Forward genetic screens involving clinical material from patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) can vary in severity from life-threatening disease affecting multiple cell types and organs to relatively mild disease with susceptibility to a limited range of pathogens or mild autoimmune conditions. As central mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses, T cells are critical orchestrators and effectors of the immune response. As such, several PIDs result from loss of or altered T cell function. PID-associated functional defects range from complete absence of T cell development to uncontrolled effector cell activation. Furthermore, the gene products of known PID causal genes are involved in diverse molecular pathways ranging from T cell receptor signaling to regulators of protein glycosylation. Identification of the molecular and biochemical cause of PIDs can not only guide the course of treatment for patients, but also inform our understanding of the basic biology behind T cell function. In this chapter, we review PIDs with known genetic causes that intrinsically affect T cell function with particular focus on perturbations of biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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37
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Cannons JL, Schwartzberg PL. SAP and Lessons Learned from a Primary Immunodeficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 199:1531-1533. [PMID: 28827384 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cannons
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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38
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells or stressed cells through 'missing-self' signals, such as altered or absent expression of MHC class I molecules. The function of NK cells is regulated by the activation or inhibition of receptors present on their surface. The activation of NK cells results in cytotoxic activity on target cells through release of toxic granules and inflammatory cytokines. However, NK cells infiltrating tumors have been frequently shown to exhibit a skewed phenotype that includes decreased antitumor activity and enhanced protumor activities, such as angiogenesis and metastasis. In fact, many studies have reported that tumor microenvironments induce a protumor phenotype in NK cells. Here, we review the biological properties of NK cells in the context of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, with a specific focus on the interactions between NK cells and critical tumor microenvironments, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, matrix metalloproteinases, and tumor-associated chronic inflammation in tumor metastasis.
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39
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Samanta S, Mukherjee S. Microscopic insight into thermodynamics of conformational changes of SAP-SLAM complex in signal transduction cascade. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:165103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4981259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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40
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Vitales-Noyola M, Ramos-Levi AM, Serrano-Somavilla A, Martínez-Hernández R, Sampedro-Nuñez M, Di Pasquale C, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Expression and Function of the Costimulatory Receptor SLAMF1 Is Altered in Lymphocytes From Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:672-680. [PMID: 27854550 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 1 (SLAMF1) is a costimulatory receptor expressed by most immune cells. Its role in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is not well known. OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression and function of the costimulatory receptor SLAMF1 in lymphocytes of patients with AITD. DESIGN Cross-sectional, prospective, single-center study. SETTING Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid. PATIENTS Twenty-eight patients with AITD (17 with Graves disease and 11 with Hashimoto thyroiditis) and 21 controls. INTERVENTION Multiparametric flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques to analyze the expression of SLAMF1 in peripheral blood (n = 28) and thyroid tissue (n = 5) mononuclear cells. Assay of inhibition of cellular proliferation to study the function of SLAMF1 in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Expression levels and the function of SLAMF1 in lymphocytes in AITD patients and controls. RESULTS Expression of SLAMF1 was significantly increased in peripheral blood CD4+, T helper 17, and CD19+ B cells from AITD patients. Immunofluorescence microscopy detected the presence of SLAMF1+ lymphocytes in thyroid inflammatory cell infiltrate. Functional studies showed that SLAMF1 engagement in Treg cells increased their suppressive function in healthy controls but not in AITD patients. CONCLUSIONS The altered expression of SLAMF1, as well as its defective function observed in patients with AITD, may have a relevant role in the defective immune-regulatory function observed in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M Ramos-Levi
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Nuñez
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Carmelina Di Pasquale
- Section of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and
- Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Services of Endocrinology, Immunology and Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; and
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41
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Kovalenko EI, Streltsova MA. Adaptive features of natural killer cells, lymphocytes of innate immunity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Chen S, Cai C, Li Z, Liu G, Wang Y, Blonska M, Li D, Du J, Lin X, Yang M, Dong Z. Dissection of SAP-dependent and SAP-independent SLAM family signaling in NKT cell development and humoral immunity. J Exp Med 2017; 214:475-489. [PMID: 28049627 PMCID: PMC5294859 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chen et al. dissect SAP-dependent and SAP-independent SLAM family signaling in the regulation of NKT cell development and follicular T helper cell differentiation using a novel mouse model lacking all seven SLAM family receptors. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)–associated protein (SAP) mutations in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) lead to defective NKT cell development and impaired humoral immunity. Because of the redundancy of SLAM family receptors (SFRs) and the complexity of SAP actions, how SFRs and SAP mediate these processes remains elusive. Here, we examined NKT cell development and humoral immunity in mice completely deficient in SFR. We found that SFR deficiency severely impaired NKT cell development. In contrast to SAP deficiency, SFR deficiency caused no apparent defect in follicular helper T (TFH) cell differentiation. Intriguingly, the deletion of SFRs completely rescued the severe defect in TFH cell generation caused by SAP deficiency, whereas SFR deletion had a minimal effect on the defective NKT cell development in SAP-deficient mice. These findings suggest that SAP-dependent activating SFR signaling is essential for NKT cell selection; however, SFR signaling is inhibitory in SAP-deficient TFH cells. Thus, our current study revises our understanding of the mechanisms underlying T cell defects in patients with XLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Chenxu Cai
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Guangao Liu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuande Wang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Marzenna Blonska
- Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Dan Li
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongjun Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
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43
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Wali S, Sahoo A, Puri S, Alekseev A, Nurieva R. Insights into the development and regulation of T follicular helper cells. Cytokine 2016; 87:9-19. [PMID: 27339151 PMCID: PMC5108526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are specialized subset of T helper (Th) cells necessary for germinal center reaction, affinity maturation and the differentiation of germinal center B cells to antibody-producing plasma B cells and memory B cells. The differentiation of Tfh cells is a multistage, multifactorial process involving a variety of cytokines, surface molecules and transcription factors. While Tfh cells are critical components of protective immune responses against pathogens, regulation of these cells is crucial to prevent autoimmunity and airway inflammation. Recently, it has been noted that Tfh cells could be potentially implicated either in cancer progression or prevention. Thus, the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate Tfh cell differentiation, function and fate should highlight potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the regulation of Tfh cell differentiation and their role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Wali
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anupama Sahoo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sushant Puri
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrei Alekseev
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, TX, USA.
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44
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Laroche-Lefebvre C, Yousefi M, Daudelin JF, Charpentier T, Tarrab E, Klinck R, Lamarre A, Labrecque N, Stäger S, Duplay P. Dok-1 and Dok-2 Regulate the Formation of Memory CD8+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3618-3627. [PMID: 27664281 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diverse signals received by CD8+ T cells are integrated to achieve the required magnitude of cell expansion and the appropriate balance of effector/memory CD8+ T cell generation. Notably, the strength and nature of TCR signaling influence the differentiation and functional capacity of effector and memory CD8+ T cells. Dok-1 and Dok-2, the two members of the Dok family expressed in T cells, negatively regulate TCR signaling in vitro. However, the role of Dok proteins in modulating T cell function in vivo has not yet studied. We studied the function of Dok-1 and Dok-2 proteins in the regulation of the CD8+ T cell response to vaccinia virus infection. Comparison of responses to vaccinia virus expressing OVA peptide SIINFEKL by wild-type and Dok-1/2-/- CD8+ OT-I cells showed that the absence of Dok-1 and Dok-2 slightly reduced the magnitude of virus-specific effector CD8+ T cell expansion. This was not due to reduced proliferation or enhanced apoptosis of effector CD8+ T cells. Dok-1/2-deficient effector CD8+ T cells showed increased cell surface TCR expression following virus infection in vivo and increased expression of granzyme B and TNF upon stimulation with peptide Ag ex vivo. Finally, Dok-1/2-deficient effector CD8+ T had a severe defect in survival that resulted in impaired generation of memory CD8+ T cells. These results reveal the critical involvement of Dok-1 and Dok-2 in a negative-feedback loop that prevents overactivation of CD8+ T cells and promotes memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Laroche-Lefebvre
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Daudelin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; and
| | - Tania Charpentier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Roscoe Klinck
- Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; and
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Pascale Duplay
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada;
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45
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Huang B, Gomez-Rodriguez J, Preite S, Garrett LJ, Harper UL, Schwartzberg PL. CRISPR-Mediated Triple Knockout of SLAMF1, SLAMF5 and SLAMF6 Supports Positive Signaling Roles in NKT Cell Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156072. [PMID: 27258160 PMCID: PMC4892526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLAM family receptors contribute to diverse aspects of lymphocyte biology and signal via the small adaptor molecule SAP. Mutations affecting SAP lead to X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome Type 1, a severe immunodysregulation characterized by fulminant mononucleosis, dysgammaglobulinemia, and lymphoproliferation/lymphomas. Patients and mice having mutations affecting SAP also lack germinal centers due to a defect in T:B cell interactions and are devoid of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. However, which and how SLAM family members contribute to these phenotypes remains uncertain. Three SLAM family members: SLAMF1, SLAMF5 and SLAMF6, are highly expressed on T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells. SLAMF1 and SLAMF6 are also implicated in iNKT development. Although individual receptor knockout mice have limited iNKT and germinal center phenotypes compared to SAP knockout mice, the generation of multi-receptor knockout mice has been challenging, due to the genomic linkage of the genes encoding SLAM family members. Here, we used Cas9/CRISPR-based mutagenesis to generate mutations simultaneously in Slamf1, Slamf5 and Slamf6. Genetic disruption of all three receptors in triple-knockout mice (TKO) did not grossly affect conventional T or B cell development and led to mild defects in germinal center formation post-immunization. However, the TKO worsened defects in iNKT cells development seen in SLAMF6 single gene-targeted mice, supporting data on positive signaling and potential redundancy between these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Huang
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julio Gomez-Rodriguez
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Silvia Preite
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa J. Garrett
- Embryonic Stem Cell and Transgenic Mouse Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ursula L. Harper
- Genomics Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pamela L. Schwartzberg
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Karampetsou MP, Comte D, Kis-Toth K, Terhorst C, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Decreased SAP Expression in T Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Contributes to Early Signaling Abnormalities and Reduced IL-2 Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4915-24. [PMID: 27183584 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a number of abnormalities, including increased early signaling events following engagement of the TCR. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family cell surface receptors and the X-chromosome-defined signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) adaptor are important in the development of several immunocyte lineages and modulating the immune response. We present evidence that SAP protein levels are decreased in T cells and in their main subsets isolated from 32 women and three men with SLE, independent of disease activity. In SLE T cells, SAP protein is also subject to increased degradation by caspase-3. Forced expression of SAP in SLE T cells normalized IL-2 production, calcium (Ca(2+)) responses, and tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins. Exposure of normal T cells to SLE serum IgG, known to contain anti-CD3/TCR Abs, resulted in SAP downregulation. We conclude that SLE T cells display reduced levels of the adaptor protein SAP, probably as a result of continuous T cell activation and degradation by caspase-3. Restoration of SAP levels in SLE T cells corrects the overexcitable lupus T cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Karampetsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Denis Comte
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; Service d'Immunologie et Allergie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Katalin Kis-Toth
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215;
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47
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van Driel BJ, Liao G, Engel P, Terhorst C. Responses to Microbial Challenges by SLAMF Receptors. Front Immunol 2016; 7:4. [PMID: 26834746 PMCID: PMC4718992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLAMF family (SLAMF) of cell surface glycoproteins is comprised of nine glycoproteins and while SLAMF1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are self-ligand receptors, SLAMF2 and SLAMF4 interact with each other. Their interactions induce signal transduction networks in trans, thereby shaping immune cell-cell communications. Collectively, these receptors modulate a wide range of functions, such as myeloid cell and lymphocyte development, and T and B cell responses to microbes and parasites. In addition, several SLAMF receptors serve as microbial sensors, which either positively or negatively modulate the function of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and NK cells in response to microbial challenges. The SLAMF receptor-microbe interactions contribute both to intracellular microbicidal activity as well as to migration of phagocytes to the site of inflammation. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on how the SLAMF receptors and their specific adapters SLAM-associated protein and EAT-2 regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Job van Driel
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Gongxian Liao
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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48
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Wu N, Veillette A. SLAM family receptors in normal immunity and immune pathologies. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:45-51. [PMID: 26682762 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family is a group of six receptors restricted to hematopoietic cells. Most of these receptors are self-ligands, and thus are triggered in the context of interactions between hematopoietic cells. By way of their cytoplasmic domain, SLAM-related receptors associate with the SLAM-associated protein (SAP) family of adaptors, which control the signals and functions of SLAM family receptors. Recent findings have provided new insights into the key roles of SLAM family receptors in normal immunity, their involvement in human diseases and their usefulness as drug targets to treat human malignancies. These data are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7.
| | - André Veillette
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7; Department of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6.
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49
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Antitumor Responses of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:652875. [PMID: 26543874 PMCID: PMC4620262 DOI: 10.1155/2015/652875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that were first described in the late 1980s. Since their initial description, numerous studies have collectively shed light on their development and effector function. These studies have highlighted the unique requirements for the activation of these lymphocytes and the functional responses that distinguish these cells from other effector lymphocyte populations such as conventional T cells and NK cells. This body of literature suggests that NKT cells play diverse nonredundant roles in a number of disease processes, including the initiation and propagation of airway hyperreactivity, protection against a variety of pathogens, development of autoimmunity, and mediation of allograft responses. In this review, however, we focus on the role of a specific lineage of NKT cells in antitumor immunity. Specifically, we describe the development of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and the factors that are critical for their acquisition of effector function. Next, we delineate the mechanisms by which iNKT cells influence and modulate the activity of other immune cells to directly or indirectly affect tumor growth. Finally, we review the successes and failures of clinical trials employing iNKT cell-based immunotherapies and explore the future prospects for the use of such strategies.
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50
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Margraf S, Garner LI, Wilson TJ, Brown MH. A polymorphism in a phosphotyrosine signalling motif of CD229 (Ly9, SLAMF3) alters SH2 domain binding and T-cell activation. Immunology 2015. [PMID: 26221972 PMCID: PMC4610628 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family members regulate activation and inhibition in the innate and adaptive immune systems. Genome‐wide association studies identified their genetic locus (1q23) as highly polymorphic and associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we show that the Val602 variant of the non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs509749 in the SLAM family member CD229 (Ly9, SLAMF3) has a two‐fold lower affinity compared with the SLE‐associated Met602 variant for the small adaptor protein SAP. Comparison of the two variants in T‐cell lines revealed the Val602 variant to be significantly more highly expressed than CD229 Met602. Activation was diminished in cells expressing CD229 Val602 compared with CD229 Met602 as measured by up‐regulation of CD69. There was no correlation between homozygosity at rs509749 and activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. These findings identify potential mechanisms by which a single SNP can perturb fine‐tuning in the immune system with significant functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Margraf
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee I Garner
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Wilson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marion H Brown
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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