1
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Jiang Z, Kuninobu Y. Synthesis of a novel twisted π-conjugated macrocycle via double Friedel-Crafts reaction and its physical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38963239 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized a cyclic molecule from diarylalkynes and Meldrum's acid derivatives as the methylenation reagent via double Friedel-Crafts reaction. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis confirmed the twisted structure of the molecule. We also investigated their physical properties and homoconjugation by UV-Vis, photoluminescence, DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Jiang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-Shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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2
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Sokolova AD, Platonov DN, Belyy AY, Salikov RF, Erokhin KS, Tomilov YV. The Antiaromatic Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction (S NAAr) in Cycloheptatrienyl-Anion Containing Zwitterions with a Möbius-Aromatic Intermediate. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38958743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Antiaromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions in cycloheptatrienide pyridinium and phosphonium zwitterions with initial formation of a cycloheptatetraene intermediate are explored. The mechanism was supported by quantum chemical calculations, first-order reaction kinetics, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The pyridinium zwitterion exhibited weak antiaromaticity, whereas the intermediate displayed Möbius aromaticity, as evidenced by nuclear independent chemical shift values and the shape of its HOMO. This study represents the eighth confirmed instance of a Möbius-aromatic organic species in its ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena D Sokolova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry N Platonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yu Belyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Rinat F Salikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill S Erokhin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V Tomilov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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3
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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4
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Sarmah K, Guha AK. Quest for Double Möbius Aromaticity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400395. [PMID: 38451013 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Neutral four-membered rings with 4n electrons are generally Hückel antiaromatic. On the other hand, 4n electron system can also be Möbius aromatic, although identification has escaped so far. A recent study of double Möbius aromaticity has been put forwarded in the D2h symmetric singlet ground state of four member Pa2B2 ring. Although interesting, but the synthesis possesses a significant challenge as Pa is rare, highly radioactive and toxic. Herein, a synthetically viable four membered Rh2B2 cluster is proposed which contains double Möbius aromaticity. Interestingly, the three membered RhB2 - cluster also possess Möbius aromaticity and is the smallest ring to show such phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
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5
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Wu S, Han Y, Ni Y, Hou X, Wei H, Li Z, Wu J. Unveiling Möbius/Hückel Topology and Aromaticity in A Core-Expanded [10]Annulene at Different Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320144. [PMID: 38243691 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of annulene's conformation, electronic properties and aromaticity has generated enduring interest over the years, yet it continues to present formidable challenges for annulenes with more than ten carbon atoms. In this study, we present the synthesis of a stable [10]cyclo-para-phenylmethine derivative (1), which bears a resemblance to [10]annulene. 1 can be readily oxidized into its respective cations, wherein electrons are effectively delocalized along the backbone, resulting in different conformations and aromaticity. Both 1 and its tetracation (14+ ⋅ 4SbF6 - ) exhibit a nearly planar conformation with a rectangular shape, akin to the E,Z,E,Z,Z-[10]annulene. In contrast, the radical cation (1⋅+ ⋅ SbCl6 - ) possesses a doubly twisted Hückel topology. Furthermore, the dication (12+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - ) displays conformational flexibility in solution and crystalizes with the simultaneous presence of Möbius-twisted (1a2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - ) and Hückel-planar (1b2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - ) isomers in its unit cell. Detailed experimental measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that: (1) 1 demonstrates localized aromaticity with an alternating benzenoid/quinoid structure; (2) 1a2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - and 1b2+ ⋅ 2SbCl6 - with 48π electrons are weakly Möbius aromatic and Hückel antiaromatic, respectively; (3) 14+ ⋅ 4SbF6 - exhibits Hückel aromaticity (46π) and open-shell diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, 32400, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Wang C, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Zhou M, Song J, Osuka A. Di(p-dibenzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) Pd II Complex: A Weakly Hückel 38π-Aromatic Macrocycle. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300923. [PMID: 37985417 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Di(p-benzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex and tris(p-benzi)[60]pentadecaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of α,α'-diborylated tetrapyrrole BF2 -complex with 1,4-diiodobenzene. Bis-BF2 complex was converted to bis-PdII complex via its free base. Macrocycles bis-BF2 and tris-BF2 complex take Möbius topology but are nonaromatic, since the macrocyclic conjugation is disrupted by the locally aromatic 1,4-phenylene units. In contrast, bis-PdII complex is a weakly Hückel 38π-aromatic macrocycle as evinced by its red-shifted, enhanced, and structured Q-like bands and a small electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap. Interestingly, one 1,4-pheylene part of bis-PdII complex takes a quinonoidal distorted structure and the other takes a usual benzene structure in a figure-eight conformation with Hückel topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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7
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Qu Z, Fang J, Wang YX, Sun Y, Liu Y, Wu WH, Zhang WB. A single-domain green fluorescent protein catenane. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3480. [PMID: 37311944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural proteins exhibit rich structural diversity based on the folds of an invariably linear chain. Macromolecular catenanes that cooperatively fold into a single domain do not belong to the current protein universe, and their design and synthesis open new territories in chemistry. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and properties of a single-domain green fluorescent protein catenane via rewiring the connectivity of GFP's secondary motifs. The synthesis could be achieved in two steps via a pseudorotaxane intermediate or directly via expression in cellulo. Various proteins-of-interest may be inserted at the loop regions to give fusion protein catenanes where the two subunits exhibit enhanced thermal resilience, thermal stability, and mechanical stability due to strong conformational coupling. The strategy can be applied to other proteins with similar fold, giving rise to a family of single-domain fluorescent proteins. The results imply that there may be multiple protein topological variants with desirable functional traits beyond their corresponding linear protein counterparts, which are now made accessible and fully open for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Qu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, P. R. China.
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8
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Bachrach SM. The Topology of Molecules with Twelve Fused Phenyl Rings ([12]Circulenes): Rings, Infinitenes, and Möbius Infinitenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the recent preparation of infinitene (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 862-871), a computational (ωB97XD/6-311G(d)) exploration of 42 isomeric compounds with 12 fused phenyl rings identified structures with linking number of zero (ring, saddle, and ribbon shapes), two (infinitene-like shape), and one (Möbius infinitene shape) is reported. An infinitene isomer composed of two [5]helicene fragments connected to two stacked phenyl rings and a Möbius infinitene isomer are identified that are more stable than the known infinitene. The energies of the structures are examined by assessing their macrocyclization (strain) energies, π-stacking, and possible aromaticity. Examples of fused phenyl molecules with linking numbers of 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shown, indicating the potential topological range that these molecules can possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bachrach
- Artis College of Science and Technology, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142 United States
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9
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Lin X, Wu W, Mo Y. Planar Four-Membered Diboron Actinide Compound with Double Möbius Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8107-8113. [PMID: 36977280 PMCID: PMC10103132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Möbius rule predicts that a planar four-membered metallacycle can be aromatic with four mobile electrons, but such a simple ring has escaped recognition because it usually favors Hückel anti-aromaticity. Here, we report that a quasi-square four-membered actinide compound (Pa2B2) is doubly Möbius aromatic. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that this diboron protactinium molecule has four delocalized π electrons in addition to four delocalized σ electrons, satisfying the 4n Möbius rule for both σ and π components. Energetically, the block-localized wavefunction method, which is the simplest variant of ab initio valence bond theory, shows that the delocalization energy for the π and σ electrons reaches up to 65.0 and 72.3 kcal/mol, respectively, while the extra cyclic resonance energy (ECRE) amounts to 45 kcal/mol. The large positive ECRE values strongly confirm the unprecedented double Möbius aromaticity in Pa2B2. We anticipate that this new type of aromatic molecule can enrich the concept of Möbius aromaticity and open a new avenue for actinide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Lin
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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10
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Terabayashi T, Kayahara E, Zhang Y, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Nishinaga T, Kato T, Yamago S. Synthesis of Twisted [n]Cycloparaphenylene by Alkene Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214960. [PMID: 36349975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mono-alkene-inserted [n]cycloparaphenylenes 1 [(ene)-[n]CPP] with n=6, 8, and 10, mono-ortho-phenylene-inserted [6]CPP 2, and di-alkene-insertved [n]CPP 3 [(ene)2 -[n]CPP] with n=4, 6, and 8 were synthesized by fusing CPP precursors and alkene or ortho- phenylene groups through coupling reactions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that the strips formed by the π-surfaces of 1 and 2 exhibited a Möbius topology in the solid state. While the Möbius topology in the parent 1 and 2 in solution was lost due to the free rotation of the paraphenylene unit even at low temperatures, ene-[6]CPP 4 with eight 1-pyrrolyl groups preserved the Möbius topology even in solution. Despite a twist, 1 has in-plane conjugation and possesses a unique size dependence of the electronic properties: namely, the opposite size dependency of the HOMO-LUMO energy relative to conventional π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
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11
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Perveen S, Zhang S, Wang L, Song P, Ouyang Y, Jiao J, Duan X, Li P. Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls via Enantioselective Ullmann Coupling of
ortho
‐Chlorinated Aryl Aldehydes Enabled by a Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212108. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Peidong Song
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Xin‐Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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12
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Hasegawa M, Hasegawa C, Nagaya Y, Tsubaki K, Mazaki Y. Multiply Twisted Chiral Macrocycles Clamped by Tethered Binaphthyls Exhibiting High Circularly Polarized Luminescence Brightness. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202218. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science Kitasato University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Chika Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science Kitasato University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagaya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsubaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mazaki
- Graduate School of Science Kitasato University Sagamihara Kanagawa 252-0373 Japan
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13
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Ruffin H, Fihey A, Boitrel B, Le Gac S. Möbius Zn
II
‐Hexaphyrins Bearing a Chiral Coordinating Arm: A Chiroptical Switch Featuring P/M Twist Inversion Controlled by Achiral Effectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ruffin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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14
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Sang Y, Liu M. Hierarchical self-assembly into chiral nanostructures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:633-656. [PMID: 35173928 PMCID: PMC8769063 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One basic principle regulating self-assembly is associated with the asymmetry of constituent building blocks or packing models. Using asymmetry to manipulate molecular-level devices and hierarchical functional materials is a promising topic in materials sciences and supramolecular chemistry. Here, exemplified by recent major achievements in chiral hierarchical self-assembly, we show how chirality may be utilized in the design, construction and evolution of highly ordered and complex chiral nanostructures. We focus on how unique functions can be developed by the exploitation of chiral nanostructures instead of single basic units. Our perspective on the future prospects of chiral nanostructures via the hierarchical self-assembly strategy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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15
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Yao B, Liu X, Guo T, Sun H, Wang W. Molecular Möbius Strips: Twist for A Bright Future. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attributed to their unique structural features and associated intriguing properties, molecular Möbius strips have attracted considerable attention. However, the precise synthesis of such attractive molecules remains a great challenge. Recently,...
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16
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Ruffin H, Fihey A, Boitrel B, Le Gac S. Möbius Zn II -Hexaphyrins Bearing a Chiral Coordinating Arm: A Chiroptical Switch Featuring P/M Twist Inversion Controlled by Achiral Effectors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113844. [PMID: 34813138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By their conformational flexibility, Möbius aromatic hexaphyrins provide a dynamic chirality attractive to develop stimuli responsive systems such as chiroptical switches. A regular [28]hexaphyrin has been equipped with a chiral coordinating arm to achieve transfer of chirality from a fix stereogenic element to the dynamic Möbius one. The arm allows straightforward formation of labile monometallic ZnII complexes with an exogenous ligand, either a carboxylato or an amino with opposite inwards/outwards orientations relative to the Möbius ring. As a corollary, the chiral coordinating arm is constrained over the ring or laterally, inducing opposite P and M Möbius configurations with unprecedented high stereoselectivity (diast. excess greater than 95 %). By tuning the transfer of chirality, these achiral effectors generate electronic circular dichroism spectra with bisignate Cotton effect of opposite signs. Switching between distinct chiroptical states was ultimately achieved in mild conditions owing to ligand exchange, with high robustness (10 cycles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Ruffin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
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17
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Cai Y, Hua Y, Lu Z, Lan Q, Lin Z, Fei J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Xia H. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of compounds with Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2102310118. [PMID: 34544859 PMCID: PMC8488665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102310118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions are widely regarded as characteristic reactions of aromatic species, but no comparable reaction has been reported for molecules with Craig-Möbius aromaticity. Here, we demonstrate successful EAS reactions of Craig-Möbius aromatics, osmapentalenes, and fused osmapentalenes. The highly reactive nature of osmapentalene makes it susceptible to electrophilic attack by halogens, thus osmapentalene, osmafuran-fused osmapentalene, and osmabenzene-fused osmapentalene can undergo typical EAS reactions. In addition, the selective formation of a series of halogen substituted metalla-aromatics via EAS reactions has revealed an unprecedented approach to otherwise elusive compounds such as the unsaturated cyclic chlorirenium ions. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to study the electronic effect on the regioselectivity of the EAS reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Yuhui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
| | - Qing Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Zuzhang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Jiawei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005;
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005;
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China 518005
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18
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Mélinon P. Vitreous Carbon, Geometry and Topology: A Hollistic Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1694. [PMID: 34203303 PMCID: PMC8305563 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glass-like carbon (GLC) is a complex structure with astonishing properties: isotropic sp2 structure, low density and chemical robustness. Despite the expanded efforts to understand the structure, it remains little known. We review the different models and a physical route (pulsed laser deposition) based on a well controlled annealing of the native 2D/3D amorphous films. The many models all have compromises: neither all bad nor entirely satisfactory. Properties are understood in a single framework given by topological and geometrical properties. To do this, we present the basic tools of topology and geometry at a ground level for 2D surface, graphene being the best candidate to do this. With this in mind, special attention is paid to the hyperbolic geometry giving birth to triply periodic minimal surfaces. Such surfaces are the basic tools to understand the GLC network architecture. Using two theorems (the classification and the uniformisation), most of the GLC properties can be tackled at least at a heuristic level. All the properties presented can be extended to 2D materials. It is hoped that some researchers may find it useful for their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Mélinon
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France;
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX, F69622 Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Qiu ZL, Chen D, Deng Z, Chu KS, Tan YZ, Zhu J. Isolation of a carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Nie H, Li QH, Zhang S, Wang CM, Lin WH, Deng K, Shu LJ, Zeng QD, Wan JH. Figure-eight arylene ethynylene macrocycles: facile synthesis and specific binding behavior toward Hg 2+. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two figure-eight arylene ethynylene macrocycles (AEMs) were synthesized from non-helical precursors and the figure-eight shape was clearly imaged by STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Ming Wang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, SINOPEC, Shanghai, 201208, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China
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21
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Tsuchido Y, Abe R, Ide T, Osakada K. A Macrocyclic Gold(I)-Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au 2 (diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22928-22932. [PMID: 32692468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The digold(I) complex [Au2 Cl2 (Cy2 PCH2 PCy2 )] reacts with 4,4'-diphenylene diboronic acid to form a triangular macrocyclic complex with twisted Au-P-C-P-Au groups at the three corners. The synthesis of the complex and its chemical oxidation produced [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP) in 59 % overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0997, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Different from molecular level topology, the development of supramolecular topology has been limited due to a lack of reliable synthetic methods. Here we describe a supramolecular strategy of accessing Möbius strip, a fascinating topological object featured with only a single edge and single side. Through bending and cyclization of twisted nanofibers self-assembled from chiral glutamate amphiphiles, supramolecular nano-toroids with various twist numbers were obtained. Electron microscopic techniques could clearly identify the formation of Möbius strips when twist numbers on the toroidal fibers are odd ones. Spectroscopic and morphological analysis indicates that the helicity of the Möbius strips and nano-toroids stems from the molecular chirality of glutamate molecules. Therefore, M- and P-helical Möbius strips could be formed from L- and D-amphiphiles, respectively. Our experimental results and theoretical simulations may advance the prospect of creating chiral topologically complex structures via supramolecular approach.
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23
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Wang LH, Hayase N, Sugiyama H, Nogami J, Uekusa H, Tanaka K. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Highly Strained Cyclophenylene-Ethynylenes with Axial and Helical Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17951-17957. [PMID: 32618087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single and double cyclophenylene-ethynylenes (CPEs) with axial and helical chirality have been synthesized by the Sonogashira cross-coupling of di- and tetraethynyl biphenyls with a U-shaped prearomatic diiodoparaphenylene followed by reductive aromatization. X-ray crystallographic analyses and DFT calculations revealed that the CPEs possess highly twisted bent structures. Bend angles on the edge of the paraphenylene units were close to the value of [5]cycloparaphenylene (CPP)-the smallest CPP to date. The double and single CPEs possessed stable chirality despite flexible biphenyl structures because of the high strain in the diethynyl-paraphenylene moiety. In both the single and double CPEs, orbital interactions along the biphenyl axis were observed by DFT calculations in LUMO and LUMO+2 of the single CPE and LUMO+1 of the double CPE, which likely cause lowering of these orbital energies. Concerning chiroptical properties: boosting of the gabs value was observed in the biphenyl-based double CPE, as well as the binaphthyl-based single CPE, compared to the biphenyl-based single CPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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24
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Tsuchido Y, Abe R, Ide T, Osakada K. A Macrocyclic Gold(I)–Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au
2
(diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 193-0997 Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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25
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Luo Z, Yang X, Cai K, Fu X, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao D. Toward Möbius and Tubular Cyclopolyarene Nanorings via Arylbutadiyne Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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26
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Wang L, Hayase N, Sugiyama H, Nogami J, Uekusa H, Tanaka K. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Highly Strained Cyclophenylene–Ethynylenes with Axial and Helical Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Norihiko Hayase
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences Keio University Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku Yokohama Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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27
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Zhu K, Kamochi K, Kodama T, Tobisu M, Amaya T. Chiral cyclic [ n]spirobifluorenylenes: carbon nanorings consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods illustrating partial units of woven patterns. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9604-9610. [PMID: 34094226 PMCID: PMC8161682 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings. The synthesis was accomplished by the Ni(0)-mediated Yamamoto-coupling of chiral spirobifluorene building blocks. The structures of the cyclic 3-, 4-, and 5-mers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These carbon nanorings exhibited a strong violet colored emission with high quantum yields in solution (95%, 93%, and 94% for 3-, 4-, and 5-mer, respectively). Other spectroscopic properties, including their chiroptical properties, were also investigated. The g-values for circularly polarized luminescence were found to be in the order of 10−3. Characteristic spiroconjugation induced by multiple (≧3) bifluorenyl units, for example the even-odd effect of the number of units in the matching of the signs of the orbitals, was also indicated by DFT calculations. Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamochi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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28
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Kirinda VC, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Hartley CS. ortho
‐Phenylene‐Based Macrocyclic Hydrocarbons Assembled Using Olefin Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj C. Kirinda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University 45056 Oxford OH USA
| | | | | | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University 45056 Oxford OH USA
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29
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Luo Z, Yang X, Cai K, Fu X, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao D. Toward Möbius and Tubular Cyclopolyarene Nanorings via Arylbutadiyne Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14854-14860. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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30
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Jiang X, Laffoon JD, Chen D, Pérez-Estrada S, Danis AS, Rodríguez-López J, Garcia-Garibay MA, Zhu J, Moore JS. Kinetic Control in the Synthesis of a Möbius Tris((ethynyl)[5]helicene) Macrocycle Using Alkyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6493-6498. [PMID: 32208689 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of conjugated Möbius molecules remains elusive since twisted and macrocyclic structures are low-entropy species sporting their own synthetic challenges. Here we report the synthesis of a Möbius macrocycle in 84% yield via alkyne metathesis of 2,13-bis(propynyl)[5]helicene. MALDI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicated a trimeric product of twofold symmetry with PPM/MMP configurations in the helicene subunits. Alternatively, a threefold-symmetric PPP/MMM structure was determined by DFT calculations to be more thermodynamically stable, illustrating remarkable kinetic selectivity for this alkyne metathesis cyclooligomerization. Computational studies provided insight into the kinetic selectivity, demonstrating a difference of 15.4 kcal/mol between the activation barriers for the PPM/MMP and PPP/MMM diastereodetermining steps. Computational (ACID and EDDB) and experimental (UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry) studies revealed weak conjugation between the alkyne and adjacent helicene groups as well as the lack of significant global aromaticity. Separation of the PPM and MMP enantiomers was achieved via chiral HPLC at the analytical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua D Laffoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Salvador Pérez-Estrada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew S Danis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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31
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Gong LJ, Ma C, Lin WF, Lv JK, Zhang XY. Electronic structure and second-order nonlinear optical properties of lemniscular [16]cycloparaphenylene compounds. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13984-13990. [PMID: 35498456 PMCID: PMC9051605 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01323d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral organic compounds are excellent second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials due to their inherent non-symmetric electronic structures combined with the advantages of organic compounds. At present, density functional theory (DFT) has become a powerful tool for predicting the properties of novel materials. In this paper, based on chiral lemniscular [16]cycloparaphenylene, three novel compounds are designed by introduction of donor/acceptor units and their combinations. The geometrical/electronic structure, electronic absorption, and the second-order NLO properties of these compounds have been systematically investigated by DFT/TDDFT theory. The simulated UV-Vis/CD spectra of compound 1 are in good agreement with the experimental ones, enabling us to assign their electronic transition characteristics and absolute configuration with high confidence. The investigations show that energy gaps, absorption wavelength and second-order NLO response may be effectively tuned by the introduction of the donor or acceptor units or their combinations. For instance, the second-order NLO value of compound 4 is about 207 times as large as the average second-order polarizability of the organic molecule urea. Thus, the studied compounds are expected to be potential large second-order NLO materials. The nonlinear optical property of the studied compounds were studied with the aid of the DFT calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-jing Gong
- Aviation University of Air Force
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Aviation University of Air Force
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Wan-feng Lin
- Aviation University of Air Force
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jin-kai Lv
- Aviation University of Air Force
- Changchun 130022
- China
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32
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Bachrach SM, Rzepa HS. Cycloparaphenylene Möbius trefoils. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13567-13570. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT computations (ωB97X-D/6-31G(d)) of eight different cycloparaphenylenes that have three internal linking groups are shown to have two different conformations that express interesting Möbius topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Imperial College London
- London W12 OBZ
- UK
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33
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Zhang F, Michail E, Saal F, Krause A, Ravat P. Stereospecific Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Propeller-Shaped C 90 H 48 PAH. Chemistry 2019; 25:16241-16245. [PMID: 31742798 PMCID: PMC6972628 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized an enantiomerically pure propeller-shaped PAH, C90 H48 , possessing three [7]helicene and three [5]helicene subunits. This compound can be obtained in gram quantities in a straightforward manner. The photophysical and chiroptical properties were investigated using UV/Vis absorption and emission, optical rotation and circular dichroism spectroscopy, supported by DFT calculations. The nonlinear optical properties were investigated by two-photon absorption measurements using linearly and circularly polarized light. The extremely twisted structure and packing of the homochiral compound were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Fridolin Saal
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ana‐Maria Krause
- Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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34
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Miki K, Ohe K. π‐Conjugated Macrocycles Bearing Angle‐Strained Alkynes. Chemistry 2019; 26:2529-2575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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35
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Nishigaki S, Shibata Y, Nakajima A, Okajima H, Masumoto Y, Osawa T, Muranaka A, Sugiyama H, Horikawa A, Uekusa H, Koshino H, Uchiyama M, Sakamoto A, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Belt- and Möbius-Shaped Cycloparaphenylenes by Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14955-14960. [PMID: 31418559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A belt-shaped [8]cycloparaphenylene (CPP) and an enantioenriched Möbius-shaped [10]CPP have been synthesized by high-yielding rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclotrimerizations of a cyclic dodecayne and a pentadecayne, respectively. This Möbius-shaped [10]CPP possesses stable chirality and isolated with high enantiomeric purity. It is evident from the reaction Gibbs energy calculation that the above irreversible cyclotrimerizations are highly exothermic; therefore establishing that the intramolecular alkyne cyclotrimerization is a powerful route to strained cyclic molecular strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishigaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Atsuya Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science , Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Hajime Okajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science , Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Yui Masumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Taisei Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Ayano Horikawa
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science , Aoyama Gakuin University , Fuchinobe , Chuo-ku, Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-5258 , Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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36
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Senthilkumar K, Kondratowicz M, Lis T, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Zafra JL, Casado J, Vives T, Crassous J, Favereau L, Stępień M. Lemniscular [16]Cycloparaphenylene: A Radially Conjugated Figure-Eight Aromatic Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7421-7427. [PMID: 30998349 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A cycloparaphenylene-based molecular lemniscate (CPPL) was obtained in a short synthesis involving masked p-phenylene equivalents. The strained figure-eight geometry of CPPL is sustained by the incorporated 9,9'-bicarbazole subunit, which also acts as a stereogenic element. The shape of the distorted [16]cycloparaphenylene nanohoop embedded in CPPL is accurately approximated with a Booth lemniscate. The structure of CPPL, investigated using NMR and Raman spectroscopic methods, revealed strain-dependent features, consistent with the variable curvature of the ring. The electronic and optical properties of CPPL combine features more characteristic of smaller cycloparaphenylenes, such as a reduced optical bandgap and red-shifted fluorescence. CPPL was resolved into enantiomers, which are configurationally stable and provide strong chiroptical responses, including circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabali Senthilkumar
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Mateusz Kondratowicz
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland.,PORT - Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii , ul. Stabłowicka 147 , 54-066 Wrocław , Poland
| | - José L Zafra
- Departamento Química Física , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento Química Física , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Thomas Vives
- Université Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Université Rennes , CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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37
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Soya T, Osuka A. Internally Bridged Hückel Aromatic [46]Decaphyrins: (Doubly‐Twisted‐Annuleno)Doubly‐Twisted‐Annulene Variants. Chemistry 2019; 25:5173-5176. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Soya
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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38
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Chung JH, Chai JD. Electronic Properties of Möbius Cyclacenes Studied by Thermally-Assisted-Occupation Density Functional Theory. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2907. [PMID: 30814641 PMCID: PMC6393452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been extremely difficult for traditional theoretical methods to adequately predict the properties of systems possessing radical character (i.e., multi-reference systems), especially for multi-reference systems at the nanoscale. To circumvent this, we employ thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) to predict the electronic properties of Möbius cyclacenes, with the number of fused benzene rings (n) ranging from 8 to 100. In addition, to investigate the significance of Möbius topology, we also compare these properties with the respective properties of cyclacenes and acenes, containing the same number of fused benzene rings. From our TAO-DFT results, Möbius cyclacenes, cyclacenes, and acenes have singlet ground states for all the cases examined. However, unlike acenes, the electronic properties of Möbius cyclacenes and cyclacenes display clear oscillation patterns when n is small (e.g., n ≤ 10 for Möbius cyclacenes and n ≤ 23 for cyclacenes), and converge to the respective properties of acenes when n greatly exceeds 30. The polyradical character of the ground states of Möbius cyclacenes should increase with the molecular size, intimately correlated with the localization of active orbitals at the edges of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hui Chung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Center for Theoretical Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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39
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Abstract
Linkages are the basic functional elements of any machine. Known established linkages with a single degree of freedom, which facilitates control, have so far consisted of six or fewer links. We introduce “Möbius kaleidocycles,” a class of single-degree of freedom ring linkages containing nontrivial linkages having less mobility than expected. Möbius kaleidocycles consist of arbitrarily many (but at least seven) identical hinge-joined links and may serve as building blocks in deployable structures, robotics, or chemistry. These linkages are chiral and have a nonorientable topology equivalent to 3π-twist Möbius bands. Other than technological promise, Möbius kaleidocycles pose a myriad of intriguing questions in mechanical engineering, physics, and various areas of mathematics, especially topology. Linkages are assemblies of rigid bodies connected through joints. They serve as the basis for force- and movement-managing devices ranging from ordinary pliers to high-precision robotic arms. Aside from planar mechanisms, like the well-known four-bar linkage, only a few linkages with a single internal degree of freedom—meaning that they can change shape in only one way and may thus be easily controlled—have been known to date. Here, we present “Möbius kaleidocycles,” a previously undiscovered class of single-internal degree of freedom ring linkages containing nontrivial examples of spatially underconstrained mechanisms. A Möbius kaleidocycle is made from seven or more identical links joined by revolute hinges. These links dictate a specific twist angle between neighboring hinges, and the hinge orientations induce a nonorientable topology equivalent to the topology of a 3π-twist Möbius band. Apart from having many technological applications, including perhaps the design of organic ring molecules with peculiar electronic properties, Möbius kaleidocycles raise fundamental questions about geometry, topology, and the limitations of mobility for closed loop linkages.
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40
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Katoono R, Sakamoto K, Suzuki T. Dual dynamic chirality generated in the assembly of three achiral rods through the three-fold twisting of a macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5503-5506. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02226k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated dynamic chirality based on assemblies of three achiral rods with a twisted macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katoono
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-0810
- Japan
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41
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Naulet G, Sturm L, Robert A, Dechambenoit P, Röhricht F, Herges R, Bock H, Durola F. Cyclic tris-[5]helicenes with single and triple twisted Möbius topologies and Möbius aromaticity. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8930-8936. [PMID: 30746118 PMCID: PMC6335628 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of singly (180°) twisted, largely single-stranded and thus conformationally rather fragile, Möbius molecules have been synthesized within the last 15 years, which are aromatic with 4n electrons, thus violating the Hückel rule. Annulenes with significantly higher twist (e.g. 540°) that retain a full cyclic conjugation path have been elusive, mainly because of the high strain and loss of orbital overlap. Recently, a topological strategy was devised to project the "twist" into "writhe", thus reducing the strain. However, orbital overlap was still severely reduced within the flexible building blocks. We now present a single and a triple twisted annulene with fully conjugated peripheries. They are unique in their pronounced band shape and conformational robustness as they are made up of three fully kata-condensed [5]helicene fragments. The triple twisted molecule exhibits a strong diatropic ring current in the outer periphery, even though the π system includes 4n electrons. The diatropic current is counterbalanced by a paratropic current in the σ system, resulting in no net manifestation of macrocyclic aromaticity. The key step of the synthesis of both Möbius compounds is a Perkin condensation of complementary bifunctional bismaleates leading to a flexible macrocycle containing alternating benzene and biphenyl fragments. Subsequent photocyclization yields a separable mixture of rigid diastereomeric tris-helicene macrocycles of the above topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Naulet
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS , Université de Bordeaux , 115 av. Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Ludmilla Sturm
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS , Université de Bordeaux , 115 av. Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Antoine Robert
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS , Université de Bordeaux , 115 av. Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Pierre Dechambenoit
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS , Université de Bordeaux , 115 av. Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie , Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel , Kiel 24119 , Germany .
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie , Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel , Kiel 24119 , Germany .
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS , Université de Bordeaux , 115 av. Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal , CNRS , Université de Bordeaux , 115 av. Schweitzer , 33600 Pessac , France .
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42
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Wu J, Liu X, Hao Y, Chen H, Su P, Wu W, Zhu J. σ-Aromaticity in a Fully Unsaturated Ring. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3691-3696. [PMID: 30232840 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aromaticity is one of the most fundamental and fascinating chemical topics, attracting both experimental and theoretical chemists owing to its many manifestations. Both σ- and π-aromaticity can be classified depending on the character of the cyclic electron delocalization. In general, σ-aromaticity stabilizes fully saturated rings with σ-electron delocalization whereas the traditional π-aromaticity describes the π-conjugation in fully unsaturated rings. Here, we demonstrate a strong correlation between nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values and extra cyclic resonance energies (ECREs), which are used to evaluate the σ-aromaticity in an unsaturated three-membered ring (3MR) of cyclopropene, which were computed by molecular orbital (MO) theory and valence bond (VB) theory, respectively. Further study shows that the fully unsaturated ring in methylenecyclopropene and its metallic analogy is σ-aromatic. Our findings revolutionize the fundamental knowledge of the concept of σ-aromaticity, thus opening an avenue to design σ-aromaticity in other fully unsaturated systems, which are traditionally reserved as the domain of π-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hongjiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Peifeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Soya
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mori
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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44
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Soya T, Mori H, Osuka A. Quadruply Twisted Hückel-Aromatic Dodecaphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15882-15886. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Soya
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mori
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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45
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Garner MH, Hoffmann R, Rettrup S, Solomon GC. Coarctate and Möbius: The Helical Orbitals of Allene and Other Cumulenes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:688-700. [PMID: 29974064 PMCID: PMC6026781 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As brought to the attention of the community by Hendon et al. and noted by previous workers, the π orbitals of the equilibrium geometry odd-carbon (even number of double bonds = n) [n]cumulenes may be written in either rectilinear or helical form. We trace the origins and detailed composition of the helical orbitals of cumulenes, which emerge in the simplest Hückel model and are not much modified in advanced computations. For the α,ω-disubstituted even [n]cumulenes, the helical representation is obligatory as the symmetry is reduced from D2d to C2. A relationship is apparent between these helical orbitals of the even [n]cumulenes, seen as a Herges coarctate system, and the corresponding Möbius cyclic polyene orbitals. The twist of the orbitals varies in interesting ways along the helix, and so does the contribution of the component atomic orbitals. Though the electronic structures of even [n]cumulenes and Möbius cyclopolyenes are closely related, they differ for higher n in intriguing ways; these are linked to the constrained rotation of the basis orbitals along the helical twist itinerary. Relations are constructed between the level patterns of the π-systems of even [n]cumulenes and ideas of Hückel and Möbius aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100, Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 4850, United
States
| | - Roald Hoffmann
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 4850, United
States
| | - Sten Rettrup
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100, Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano-Science Center, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100, Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
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46
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Kinney ZJ, Hartley CS. Linker-Directed Assembly of Twisted ortho-Phenylene-Based Macrocycles. Org Lett 2018; 20:3327-3331. [PMID: 29763333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
o-Phenylene tetramers have been coassembled with linkers into macrocycles through imine condensation. Variation of linker connectivity and length allows both [1 + 1] and [2 + 2] macrocycles to be obtained, complementing (previously reported) [3 + 3] macrocycles. For the [1 + 1] macrocycles, linker length has a clear effect on o-phenylene geometry and macrocycle stability. For the [2 + 2] macrocycles, both homo- and heterochiral configurations are observed, suggesting limited communication of helix handedness in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias J Kinney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
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47
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Ema F, Tanabe M, Saito S, Yoneda T, Sugisaki K, Tachikawa T, Akimoto S, Yamauchi S, Sato K, Osuka A, Takui T, Kobori Y. Charge-Transfer Character Drives Möbius Antiaromaticity in the Excited Triplet State of Twisted [28]Hexaphyrin. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2685-2690. [PMID: 29739190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Möbius aromatic molecules have attracted great attention as new functional materials because of their π-orbital cyclic conjugations lying along the twisted Möbius topology. To elucidate the electronic character of the lowest excited triplet (T1) state of a Möbius aromatic [28]hexaphyrin, we employed a time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) method with applied magnetophotoselection measurements at 77 K. Analyses of the EPR parameters have revealed that the T1 state possesses intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) character together with local excitation character residing at one side in the Möbius strip ring. We have also demonstrated that the CT character between orthogonal unpaired orbitals triggers quick triplet deactivation by spin-orbit coupling. This deactivation can be an important barometer to represent the "antiaromaticity" because of a connection between the orthogonal CT character and instability by a weakened spin-spin exchange coupling in the T1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Ema
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Mana Tanabe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Katahira 2-1-1 , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoneda
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science , Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
| | - Seigo Yamauchi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials , Tohoku University , Katahira 2-1-1 , Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science , Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science , Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center , Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho , Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501 , Japan
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48
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Talele HR, Koval D, Severa L, Reyes-Gutiérrez PE, Císařová I, Sázelová P, Šaman D, Bednárová L, Kašička V, Teplý F. Diquats with Robust Chirality: Facile Resolution, Synthesis of Chiral Dyes, and Application as Selectors in Chiral Analysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:7601-7604. [PMID: 29575285 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diquats with extremely high racemization barriers with ΔG≠theor of 233 kJ mol-1 at 180 °C are described. Reported configurational robustness is due to a combination of two structural features: the rigid o-xylylene tether connecting the nitrogen atoms and the presence of two substituents in the bay region of the bipyridinium scaffold. The straightforward synthesis of diquats, plus facile resolution and derivatization make them attractive for chiral application studies. This is demonstrated by: 1) synthesis of the first non-racemic diquat dyes with pronounced chiroptical properties, and 2) capability of diquats to interact stereospecifically with chiral molecules. This suggests potential for diquat derivatives to be used as chiral selectors in separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish R Talele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Koval
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Severa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Paul E Reyes-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Sázelová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Šaman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Teplý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 542/2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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49
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Casademont-Reig I, Woller T, Contreras-García J, Alonso M, Torrent-Sucarrat M, Matito E. New electron delocalization tools to describe the aromaticity in porphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2787-2796. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There are several possible pathways in the macrocycle of large porphyrinoids and, among aromaticity indices, only AVminis capable of recognizing the most aromatic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Casademont-Reig
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- P.K. 1072
- 20080 Donostia
| | - Tatiana Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC). Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- Pleinlaan 2
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris
- UMR 7616 Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- CNRS
- UMR 7616
- Paris
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC). Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- Pleinlaan 2
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- P.K. 1072
- 20080 Donostia
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- P.K. 1072
- 20080 Donostia
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50
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Navarro S, Cossío FP, Anglada JM, Luis JM. Relevance of the DFT method to study expanded porphyrins with different topologies. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2819-2828. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3; San Sebastian Donostia 20018 Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4; San Sebastián/Donostia 20018 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro, 3, 6°; Bilbao 48013 Spain
| | - Sara Navarro
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona; Girona Catalonia E-17071 Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3; San Sebastian Donostia 20018 Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4; San Sebastián/Donostia 20018 Spain
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular; Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18; Barcelona E-08034 Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona; Girona Catalonia E-17071 Spain
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