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Dai S, Zhong J, Yang X, Chen C, Zhou L, Liu X, Sun J, Ye K, Zhang H, Li L, Naumov P, Lu R. Strategies to Diversification of the Mechanical Properties of Organic Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320223. [PMID: 38588224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Structurally ordered soft materials that respond to complementary stimuli are susceptible to control over their spatial and temporal morphostructural configurations by intersectional or combined effects such as gating, feedback, shape-memory, or programming. In the absence of general and robust design and prediction strategies for their mechanical properties, at present, combined chemical and crystal engineering approaches could provide useful guidelines to identify effectors that determine both the magnitude and time of their response. Here, we capitalize on the purported ability of soft intermolecular interactions to instigate mechanical compliance by using halogenation to elicit both mechanical and photochemical activity of organic crystals. Starting from (E)-1,4-diphenylbut-2-ene-1,4-dione, whose crystals are brittle and photoinert, we use double and quadruple halogenation to introduce halogen-bonded planes that become interfaces for molecular gliding, rendering the material mechanically and photochemically plastic. Fluorination diversifies the mechanical effects further, and crystals of the tetrafluoro derivative are not only elastic but also motile, displaying the rare photosalient effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Dai
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Ran Lu
- Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Li YX, Gao KG, Zhang JH, Hu JS, Tao J, Yao ZS. An elastic single crystal composed of one-dimensional chiral coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8905-8909. [PMID: 38757356 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01050g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A single crystal composed of one-dimensional coordinated polymers, [CdCl2(1-methyl-2-pyridone)]n, has been synthesized and characterized. This compound exhibits outstanding elastic bending due to the molecular spring nature of the CdCl2 coordination framework and weak intermolecular interactions between the coordination chains. Owing to the helical arrangement of organic ligands surrounding the coordination structure, the compound crystallizes in a chiral space group. As a result, it displays compelling circular dichroism spectra and second harmonic generation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai-Ge Gao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie-Sheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lin J, Zhou J, Li L, Tahir I, Wu S, Naumov P, Gong J. Highly efficient in crystallo energy transduction of light to work. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3633. [PMID: 38684679 PMCID: PMC11059232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47881-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Various mechanical effects have been reported with molecular materials, yet organic crystals capable of multiple dynamic effects are rare, and at present, their performance is worse than some of the common actuators. Here, we report a confluence of different mechanical effects across three polymorphs of an organic crystal that can efficiently convert light into work. Upon photodimerization, acicular crystals of polymorph I display output work densities of about 0.06-3.94 kJ m-3, comparable to ceramic piezoelectric actuators. Prismatic crystals of the same form exhibit very high work densities of about 1.5-28.5 kJ m-3, values that are comparable to thermal actuators. Moreover, while crystals of polymorph II roll under the same conditions, crystals of polymorph III are not photochemically reactive; however, they are mechanically flexible. The results demonstrate that multiple and possibly combined mechanical effects can be anticipated even for a simple organic crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Tahir
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Songgu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK‒1000, Skopje, Macedonia.
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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4
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Wei C, Li L, Zheng Y, Wang L, Ma J, Xu M, Lin J, Xie L, Naumov P, Ding X, Feng Q, Huang W. Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3687-3713. [PMID: 38411997 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The cornerstones of the advancement of flexible optoelectronics are the design, preparation, and utilization of novel materials with favorable mechanical and advanced optoelectronic properties. Molecular crystalline materials have emerged as a class of underexplored yet promising materials due to the reduced grain boundaries and defects anticipated to provide enhanced photoelectric characteristics. An inherent drawback that has precluded wider implementation of molecular crystals thus far, however, has been their brittleness, which renders them incapable of ensuring mechanical compliance required for even simple elastic or plastic deformation of the device. It is perplexing that despite a plethora of reports that have in the meantime become available underpinning the flexibility of molecular crystals, the "discovery" of elastically or plastically deformable crystals remains limited to cases of serendipitous and laborious trial-and-error approaches, a situation that calls for a systematic and thorough assessment of these properties and their correlation with the structure. This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current understanding of the origins of crystal flexibility, the working mechanisms of deformations such as plastic and elastic bending behaviors, and insights into the examples of flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning photoelectronic changes that occur in deformed crystals. We hope this summary will provide a reference for future experimental and computational efforts with flexible molecular crystals aimed towards improving their mechanical behavior and optoelectronic properties, ultimately intending to advance the flexible optoelectronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jingyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) and Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, 379 Mingli Road, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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5
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Das S, Catalano L, Geerts Y. Gas Release as an Efficient Strategy to Tune Mechanical Properties and Thermoresponsiveness of Dynamic Molecular Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401317. [PMID: 38624188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular crystals combining multiple and finely tunable functionalities are attracting and an increasing attention due to their potential applications in a broad range of fields as efficient energy transducers and stimuli-responsive materials. In this context, a multicomponent organic salt, piperazinium trifluoroacetate (PZTFA), endowed with an unusual multidimensional responsive landscape is reported. Crystals of the salt undergo smooth plastic deformation under mechanical stress and thermo-induced jumping. Furthermore, via controlled crystal bending and release of trifluoroacetic acid from the lattice, which is anticipated from the design of the material, both the mechanical response and the thermoresponsive behavior are efficiently tuned while partially preserving the crystallinity of the system. In particular, mechanical deformation hampers guest release and hence the macroscopic jumping effect, while trifluoroacetic acid release stiffens the crystals. These complex adaptive responses establish a new crystal engineering strategy to gain further control over dynamic organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Luca Catalano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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6
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Mondal S, Reddy CM, Saha S. Crystal property engineering using molecular-supramolecular equivalence: mechanical property alteration in hydrogen bonded systems. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3578-3587. [PMID: 38454997 PMCID: PMC10915866 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06462j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Most crystal engineering strategies exercised until now mainly rely on the alteration of weak non-covalent interactions to design structures and thus properties. Examples of mechanical property alteration for a given structure type are rare with only a few halogen bonded cases. The modular nature of halogen bonds with interaction strength tunability makes the task straightforward to obtain property differentiated crystals. However, the design of such crystals using hydrogen bond interactions has proven to be non-trivial, because of its relatively higher difference in bonding energies, and more importantly, disparate geometries of the functional groups. In the present crystal property engineering exercise, with the support of CSD analysis, we replaced a supramolecular precursor that leads to plastically bendable crystals, with a molecular equivalent, and obtained an equivalent crystal structure. As a result, the new structure, with comparable hydrogen bonding chains, produces elastically bendable single crystals (as opposed to plastically bendable crystals). In addition, the crystals show multidirectional (here two) elastic bending as well as rare elastic twisting. The occurrence of multiple isostructural examples, including a solid solution, with identical properties further demonstrates the general applicability of the proposed model. Crystals cannot display the concerned mechanical property in the absence of the desired structure type and fracture in a brittle manner on application of an external stress. Nanomechanical experiments and energy framework calculations also complement our results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a rational crystal engineering exercise using solely hydrogen bond interactions to obtain property differentiated crystals. This strategy namely molecular-supramolecular equivalence has been unexplored till now to tune mechanical properties, and hence is useful for crystal property engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Nadia Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Kandi 502284 Telangana India
| | - Subhankar Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Islampur College Uttar Dinajpur Islampur West Bengal 733202 India
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7
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Wang Z, Han W, Shi R, Han X, Zheng Y, Xu J, Bu XH. Mechanoresponsive Flexible Crystals. JACS AU 2024; 4:279-300. [PMID: 38425899 PMCID: PMC10900217 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible crystals have gained significant attention owing to their remarkable pliability, plasticity, and adaptability, making them highly popular in various research and application fields. The main challenges in developing flexible crystals lie in the rational design, preparation, and performance optimization of such crystals. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental origins of crystal flexibility is crucial for establishing evaluation criteria and design principles. This Perspective offers a retrospective analysis of the development of flexible crystals over the past two decades. It summarizes the elastic standards and possible plastic bending mechanisms tailored to diverse flexible crystals and analyzes the assessment of their theoretical basis and applicability. Meanwhile, the compatibility between crystal elasticity and plasticity has been discussed, unveiling the immense prospects of elastic/plastic crystals for applications in biomedicine, flexible electronic devices, and flexible optics. Furthermore, this Perspective presents state-of-the-art experimental avenues and analysis methods for investigating molecular interactions in molecular crystals, which is vital for the future exploration of the mechanisms of crystal flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Shi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongshen Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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8
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Borah SS, Khan M, Gogoi P, Kalita N, Thakuria R, Nath NK. Revisiting Dimorphs of 4-n-octyloxybenzoic Acid: Contrasting Mechanical Property and Surface Wettability. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301090. [PMID: 38327100 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
4-n-octyloxy benzoic acid is known to exhibit liquid crystalline properties, and under normal pressure and temperature conditions, it exists as at least two crystalline polymorphs. We revisited the system and discovered that single crystals of one of the polymorphs display plastic deformation, whereas the other is brittle. n-octyl chains are arranged in an end-to-end fashion, forming slip planes in the plastically deformable polymorph, whereas they are interdigitated in the crystal structure of the brittle polymorph. Due to the difference in the arrangement of the -COOH group and alkyl chains, the major faces of the crystals of both polymorphs possess significant differences in the wettability towards moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpi S Borah
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Pulakesh Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
| | - Nabadeep Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India
| | - Naba K Nath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, 793003, India
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9
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Lan L, Li L, Qi J, Pan X, Di Q, Naumov P, Zhang H. Woven organic crystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7582. [PMID: 37990025 PMCID: PMC10663483 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Woven architectures are prepared by physical entanglement of fibrous components to expand one-dimensional material into two-dimensional sheets with enhanced strength and resilience to wear. Here, we capitalize on the elastic properties of long organic crystals with a high aspect ratio to prepare an array of centimeter-size woven network structures. While being robust to mechanical impact, the woven patches are also elastic due to effective stress dissipation by the elasticity of the individual warp and weft crystals. The thermal stability of component crystals translates into favorable thermoelastic properties of the porous woven structures, where the network remains elastic over a range of 300 K. By providing means for physical entanglement of organic crystals, the weaving circumvents the natural limitation of the small size of slender organic crystals that is determined by their natural growth, thereby expanding the prospects for applications of organic crystals from one-dimensional entities to expandable, two-dimensional robust structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jianqun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia.
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Lin Y, Liu S, Yan D. Flexible Crystal Heterojunctions of Low-Dimensional Organic Metal Halides Enabling Color-Tunable Space-Resolved Optical Waveguides. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0259. [PMID: 37915767 PMCID: PMC10616971 DOI: 10.34133/research.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular luminescent materials with optical waveguide have wide application prospects in light-emitting diodes, sensors, and logic gates. However, the majority of traditional optical waveguide systems are based on brittle molecular crystals, which limited the fabrication, transportation, storage, and adaptation of flexible devices under diverse application situations. To date, the design and synthesis of photofunctional materials with high flexibility, novel optical waveguide, and multi-port color-tunable emission in the same solid-state system remain an open challenge. Here, we have constructed new types of zero-dimensional organic metal halides (Au-4-dimethylaminopyridine [DMAP] and In-DMAP) with a rarely high elasticity and rather low loss coefficients for optical waveguide. Theoretical calculations on the intermolecular interactions showed that the high elasticity of 2 molecular crystalline materials was original from their herringbone structure and slip plane. Based on one-dimensional flexible microrods of 2 crystals and the 2-dimensional microplate of the Mn-DMAP, heterojunctions with multi-color and space-resolved optical waveguides have been fabricated. The formation mechanism of heterojunctions is based on the surface selective growth on account of the low lattice mismatch ratio between contacting crystal planes. Therefore, this work describes the first attempt to the design of metal-halide-based crystal heterojunctions with high flexibility and optical waveguide, expanding the prospects of traditional luminescent materials for smart optical devices, such as logic gates and multiplexers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry,
Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Zwane R, Klug J, Guerin S, Thompson D, Reilly AM. Decoding Supramolecular Packing Patterns from Computed Anisotropic Deformability Maps of Molecular Crystals. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:5533-5543. [PMID: 36998252 PMCID: PMC10041627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to encode and embed desired mechanical properties into active pharmaceutical ingredient solid forms would significantly advance drug development. In recent years, computational methods, particularly dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT), have come of age, opening the possibility of reliably predicting and rationally engineering the mechanical response of molecular crystals. Here, many-body dispersion and Tkatchenko-Scheffler dispersion-corrected DFT were used to calculate the elastic constants of a series of archetypal systems, including paracetamol and aspirin polymorphs and model hydrogen-bonded urea and π-π-bound benzene crystals, establishing their structure-mechanics relations. Both methods showed semiquantitative and excellent qualitative agreement with experiment. The calculations revealed that the plane of maximal Young's modulus generally coincides with extended H-bond or π-π networks, showing how programmable supramolecular packing dictates the mechanical behavior. In a pharmaceutical setting, these structure-mechanics relations can steer the molecular design of solid forms with improved physicochemical and compression properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reabetswe
R. Zwane
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Joaquin Klug
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sarah Guerin
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Physics, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Damien Thompson
- Bernal
Institute, Department of Physics, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Anthony M. Reilly
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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12
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Autonomous and directional flow of water and transport of particles across a subliming dynamic crystal surface. Nat Chem 2023; 15:677-684. [PMID: 36927787 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and morphological traits of natural substrates that can propel and transport fluids over their surfaces have long provided inspiration for the engineering of artificial materials that can harvest and collect water from aerial humidity. Here we report that the gradual widening of parallel microchannels on a surface of a slowly subliming hexachlorobenzene crystal can promote the autonomous and bidirectional transduction of condensed aerial water. Driven by topology changes on the surface of the crystal and water exchange with the gas phase, droplets of condensed water migrate over the crystal. These droplets are also able to transport silver particles and other particulate matter, such as dust. The velocity of the particles was shown to be dependent on both the sublimation rate of the crystal and the relative humidity of its environment. This example of a sublimation-powered water flow demonstrates that topological surface changes accompanying crystal phase transitions can be harnessed to transport liquid and solid matter over surfaces.
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13
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Hasija A, Thompson AJ, Singh L, S N M, Mangalampalli KSRN, McMurtrie JC, Bhattacharjee M, Clegg JK, Chopra D. Plastic Deformation in a Molecular Crystal Enables a Piezoresistive Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206169. [PMID: 36587988 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials are promising candidates for the development of efficient sensors for many medicinal and materials science applications. Single crystals of a small molecule, 4-trifluoromethyl phenyl isothiocyanate (4CFNCS), exhibit plastic deformation when bent, twisted, or coiled. Synchrotron micro-focus X-ray diffraction mapping of the bent region of the crystal confirms the mechanism of deformation. The crystals are incorporated into a flexible piezoresistive sensor using a composite constituting PEDOT: PSS/4CFNCS, which shows an impressive performance at high-pressure ranges (sensitivity 0.08 kPa-1 above 44 kPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Avantika Hasija
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, MP, 462066, India
| | - Amy J Thompson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lakhvir Singh
- i-lab, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, MP, 462066, India
| | - Megha S N
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Kanchipuram, 603203, India
| | - Kiran S R N Mangalampalli
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Kanchipuram, 603203, India
| | - John C McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Mitradip Bhattacharjee
- i-lab, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, MP, 462066, India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, MP, 462066, India
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14
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Kusumoto S, Kim Y, Hayami S. Flexible metal complex crystals in response to external mechanical stimuli. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Edwards BW, Zhong L, Gao H, Malaska MJ, Hodyss R, Greer JR. Deformation characteristics of solid-state benzene as a step towards understanding planetary geology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7949. [PMID: 36572686 PMCID: PMC9792550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small organic molecules, like ethane and benzene, are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and surface of Saturn's largest moon Titan, forming plains, dunes, canyons, and other surface features. Understanding Titan's dynamic geology and designing future landing missions requires sufficient knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of these solid-state organic minerals, which is currently lacking. To understand the deformation and mechanical properties of a representative solid organic material at space-relevant temperatures, we freeze liquid micro-droplets of benzene to form ~10 μm-tall single-crystalline pyramids and uniaxially compress them in situ. These micromechanical experiments reveal contact pressures decaying from ~2 to ~0.5 GPa after ~1 μm-reduction in pyramid height. The deformation occurs via a series of stochastic (~5-30 nm) displacement bursts, corresponding to densification and stiffening of the compressed material during cyclic loading to progressively higher loads. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal predominantly plastic deformation and densified region formation by the re-orientation and interplanar shear of benzene rings, providing a two-step stiffening mechanism. This work demonstrates the feasibility of in-situ cryogenic nanomechanical characterization of solid organics as a pathway to gain insights into the geophysics of planetary bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- grid.425202.30000 0004 0548 6732INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bryce W. Edwards
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Lei Zhong
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Huajian Gao
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 639798 Singapore, Singapore ,grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J. Malaska
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - Robert Hodyss
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - Julia R. Greer
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA ,grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
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16
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Liu H, Stephen Chan H, Zhang L, Lu Y, Li J, Li J, Li L, Zhou Z. The molecular mechanisms of plasticity in crystal forms of theophylline. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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An LC, Li X, Li ZG, Li Q, Beldon PJ, Gao FF, Li ZY, Zhu S, Di L, Zhao S, Zhu J, Comboni D, Kupenko I, Li W, Ramamurty U, Bu XH. Plastic bending in a semiconducting coordination polymer crystal enabled by delamination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6645. [PMCID: PMC9636129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCoordination polymers (CPs) are a class of crystalline solids that are considered brittle, due to the dominance of directional coordination bonding, which limits their utility in flexible electronics and wearable devices. Hence, engineering plasticity into functional CPs is of great importance. Here, we report plastic bending of a semiconducting CP crystal, Cu-Trz (Trz = 1,2,3-triazolate), that originates from delamination facilitated by the discrete bonding interactions along different crystallographic directions in the lattice. The coexistence of strong coordination bonds and weak supramolecular interactions, together with the unique molecular packing, are the structural features that enable the mechanical flexibility and anisotropic response. The spatially resolved analysis of short-range molecular forces reveals that the strong coordination bonds, and the adaptive C–H···π and Cu···Cu interactions, synergistically lead to the delamination of the local structures and consequently the associated mechanical bending. The proposed delamination mechanism offers a versatile tool for designing the plasticity of CPs and other molecular crystals.
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18
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Hierarchical structures, surface morphology and mechanical elasticity of lamellar crystals dominated by halogen effects. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Yang Y, Silva de Moraes L, Ruzié C, Schweicher G, Geerts YH, Kennedy AR, Zhou H, Whittaker SJ, Lee SS, Kahr B, Shtukenberg AG. Charge Transport in Twisted Organic Semiconductor Crystals of Modulated Pitch. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203842. [PMID: 35986443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many molecular crystals (approximately one third) grow as twisted, helicoidal ribbons from the melt, and this preponderance is even higher in restricted classes of materials, for instance, charge-transfer complexes. Previously, twisted crystallites of such complexes present an increase in carrier mobilities. Here, the effect of twisting on charge mobility is better analyzed for a monocomponent organic semiconductor, 2,5-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (BDT), that forms twisted crystals with varied helicoidal pitches and makes possible a correlation of twist strength with carrier mobility. Films are analyzed by X-ray scattering and Mueller matrix polarimetry to characterize the microscale organization of the polycrystalline ensembles. Carrier mobilities of organic field-effect transistors are five times higher when the crystals are grown with the smallest pitches (most twisted), compared to those with the largest pitches, along the fiber elongation direction. A tenfold increase is observed along the perpendicular direction. Simulation of electrical potential based on scanning electron microscopy images and density functional theory suggests that the twisting-enhanced mobility is mainly controlled by the fiber organization in the film. A greater number of tightly packed twisted fibers separated by numerous smaller gaps permit better charge transport over the film surface compared to fewer big crystallites separated by larger gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lygia Silva de Moraes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves Henri Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, Brussel, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Cathedral Street 295, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - St John Whittaker
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Stephanie S Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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20
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Preparation of photonic molecular trains via soft-crystal polymerization of lanthanide complexes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3660. [PMID: 35790726 PMCID: PMC9256636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-crystals are defined as flexible molecular solids with highly ordered structures and have attracted attention in molecular sensing materials based on external triggers and environments. Here, we show the soft-crystal copolymerization of green-luminescent Tb(III) and yellow-luminescent Dy(III) coordination centers. Soft-crystal polymerization is achieved via transformation of monomeric dinuclear complexes and polymeric structures with respect to coordination number and geometry. The structural transformation is characterized using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The connected Tb(III) crystal-Dy(III) crystal show photon energy transfer from the Dy(III) centre to the Tb(III) centre under blue light excitation (selective Dy(III) centre excitation: 460 ± 10 nm). The activation energy of the energy transfer is estimated using the temperature-dependent emission lifetimes and emission quantum yields, and time-dependent density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations. Luminescence-conductive polymers, photonic molecular trains, are successfully prepared via soft-crystal polymerization on crystal media with remarkable long-range energy migration. Soft-crystals are molecular solids with highly ordered structures. Here, authors report the soft-crystal copolymerization of green-luminescent Tb(III) and yellow-luminescent Dy(III) complexes, and study the long-range energy transfer from one crystal to the other.
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21
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Lakshmipathi M, Emmerling F, Bhattacharya B, Ghosh S. Structure-mechanical property correlation of a series of 4-(1-Napthylvinyl) pyridine based cocrystals. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Kalout H, Boubegtiten-Fezoua Z, Maurel F, Hellwig P, Ferlay S. An accurate vibrational signature in halogen bonded molecular crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15103-15109. [PMID: 35698883 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The far infrared (FIR) and Raman fingerprints of the halogen bond in two representative 1D halogen bonded networks based on the recognition of TFIB, tetrafluorodiiodobenzene, with piperazine or azopyridine, have been accurately identified. It was demonstrated that the signature of the halogen bonding in the solid state, especially the N⋯I signal can be simply and directly evidenced in the far infrared region. The DFT theoretical calculations identified the N⋯I interaction in the molecular crystals and allowed estimation of the corresponding energies and distances of the involved halogen bonds, in accordance with the cristallographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Kalout
- Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7140, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | - Petra Hellwig
- Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7140, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Sylvie Ferlay
- Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, UMR 7140, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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23
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A spin-crossover framework endowed with pore-adjustable behavior by slow structural dynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3510. [PMID: 35717382 PMCID: PMC9206640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-guest interactions play critical roles in achieving switchable structures and functionalities in porous materials, but design and control remain challenging. Here, we report a two-dimensional porous magnetic compound, [FeII(prentrz)2PdII(CN)4] (prentrz = (1E,2E)−3-phenyl-N-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-imine), which exhibits an atypical pore transformation that directly entangles with a spin state transition in response to water adsorption. In this material, the adsorption-induced, non-uniform pedal motion of the axial prentrz ligands and the crumpling/unfolding of the layer structure actuate a reversible narrow quasi-discrete pore (nqp) to large channel-type pore (lcp) change that leads to a pore rearrangement associated with simultaneous pore opening and closing. The unusual pore transformation results in programmable adsorption in which the lcp structure type must be achieved first by the long-time exposure of the nqp structure type in a steam-saturated atmosphere to accomplish the gate-opening adsorption. The structural transformation is accompanied by a variation in the spin-crossover (SCO) property of FeII, i.e., two-step SCO with a large plateau for the lcp phase and two-step SCO with no plateau for the nqp phase. The unusual adsorption-induced pore rearrangement and the related SCO property offer a way to design and control the pore structure and physical properties of dynamic frameworks. Host-guest interactions can play a critical role in achieving switchable porous materials, but controlling them remains challenging. Here the authors report an atypical pore rearrangement in a magnetic 2D porous framework upon water adsorption; the structural transformation affects the magnetic properties of the material.
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24
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Organic soft crystals exhibiting spontaneously reversible mechano-responsive luminescence. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Kusumoto S, Suzuki R, Tachibana M, Sekine Y, Kim Y, Hayami S. Recrystallization solvent-dependent elastic/plastic flexibility of an n-dodecyl-substituted tetrachlorophthalimide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5411-5414. [PMID: 35416213 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00663d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A long alkyl-chained organic molecule, 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-dodecylisoindoline-1,3-dione (1), was crystallized into needle-like crystals in dichloromethane (1DCM) or plate-like ones in tetrahydrofuran (1THF) depending on the recrystallisation solvent. X-ray crystallography analyses revealed the alkyl chains of the molecules, in which they were assembled differently, with the former responding flexibly bendable and elastic deformation, and the later being a permanent plastic one by external mechanical stress. The elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) indicating both compliant and soft nature, reflecting their weak interaction in crystals, were quantified from the nano-indentation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Materials System Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Masaru Tachibana
- Department of Materials System Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan. .,Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan. .,Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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26
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Chen YR, Jia MZ, Pan JQ, Tan B, Zhang J. Photomechanical behavior triggered by [2 + 2] cycloaddition and photochromism of a pyridinium-functionalized coordination complex. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6157-6161. [PMID: 35380565 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced bending behavior triggered by [2 + 2] cycloaddition of a photoactive complex has been successfully achieved, accompanied by photochromic and fluorescence changes that provide convenience for long-distance observation of photomechanical motion. The key design feature is based on the introduction of flexible methylene groups and cation-π interactions. Moreover, the potential application in photomechanical devices was reflected by bending and supporting force experiments on the complex composite film, which is of increasing importance especially in soft actuators and robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Rui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Meng-Ze Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Qi Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China.
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27
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Lan L, Li L, Di Q, Yang X, Liu X, Naumov P, Zhang H. Organic Single-Crystal Actuators and Waveguides that Operate at Low Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200471. [PMID: 35104918 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Applications in extreme conditions, such as those encountered in space exploration, require lightweight materials that can retain their elasticity in extremely cold environments. However, cryogenic treatment of most soft polymeric and elastomeric materials results in complete loss of their ability for elastic flow, whereby such materials that are normally ductile become stiff, brittle, and prone to cracking. Here, a facile method for preparation of hybrid organic crystalline materials that are not only cryogenically robust but are also capable of large, recoverable, and reversible deformation at low temperatures is reported. To that end, flexible organic crystals are first mechanically reinforced by a polymer coating and combined with a thermally responsive polymer. The resulting hybrid materials respond linearly and reversibly to temperatures from -15 to -120 °C without fatigue in air as well as in cold vacuum. The approach proposed here not only circumvents one of the main drawbacks that are inherent to the amorphous nature and has thus far limited the applications of polymeric materials at low temperatures, but it also provides a cost-effective access to a myriad of lightweight sensing, electronic, optical or actuating devices that can operate in low-temperature environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Qi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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28
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Altering elastic-plastic mechanical response of a series of isostructural metal-organic complexes crystals. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Pisačić M, Kodrin I, Trninić A, Đaković M. Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Flexibility of Mechanically Responsive Crystalline Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:2439-2448. [PMID: 35281974 PMCID: PMC8910440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crystals of a family of six one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymers of cadmium(II) with cyanopyridines [[CdX2L2] n , where X = Cl, Br, or I and L = 3-cyanopyridine (3-CNpy) or 4-cyanopyridine (4-CNpy)] presented a variety of morphologies and mechanical responses with dominant two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic flexibility, which has not been previously reported. All mechanically adaptable crystals were 2D flexible and displayed a variety of direction-dependent responses; in addition to 2D isotropic flexibility observed for solely elastic materials, 2D anisotropic flexibility was noticed for both elastic and elastic → plastic crystals. The consequences of fine and controlled structural variations on mechanical behavior were additionally explored via microfocus single-crystal X-ray diffraction and complementary theoretical studies, revealing that the relative strength and direction of the hydrogen bonding interactions were the key parameters in delivering a specific mechanical response.
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30
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31
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Atomic-resolved hierarchical structure of elastic π-conjugated molecular crystal for flexible organic photonics. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Karothu DP, Mahmoud Halabi J, Ahmed E, Ferreira R, Spackman PR, Spackman MA, Naumov P. Global Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Organic Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Karothu
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Jad Mahmoud Halabi
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Rodrigo Ferreira
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter R. Spackman
- The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth Australia
- Current address: Curtin Institute for Computation School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University PO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Mark A. Spackman
- The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway 6009 Perth Australia
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study Harvard University 10 Garden St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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33
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Gong Y, Wei Y, Gao Y, Pang Z, Zhang J, Qian S. The bending behavior of an L-phenylalanine monohydrate soft crystal via reversible hydrogen bond rupture and remodeling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3216-3221. [PMID: 35044406 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05449j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports a novel L-phenylalanine monohydrate (L-Phe·H2O) soft crystal, which has the potential to be developed as a medical microdevice owing to its flexibility and biosafety. Structure analysis indicated that there were plenty of directional hydrogen bonds distributed along almost every direction of the L-Phe·H2O crystal, which appeared to be a rigid and brittle crystal. However, the L-Phe·H2O crystal could be easily bent heavily and repeatedly. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the bending mechanism of the L-Phe·H2O soft crystal from the viewpoint of hydrogen bond variations. In situ micro-Raman and in situ micro-infrared spectra showed that the hydrogen bonds ruptured and rearranged during the bending process. According to the micro-X-ray diffraction results, the order of the L-Phe·H2O lattice decreased in the bending region, and the varied lattice could return to its original state after straightening. Additionally, energy calculations suggested that the non-directional Coulomb attraction was the major force maintaining the macroscopic crystal integrity of L-Phe·H2O when it was bent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiang Gong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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34
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Xiang P, Fan L, Li S, Cao N, Wan C, Bi S, Chen X, Yu P. Preparation of poly(lactic acid) with excellent comprehensive properties via simple deformation or microfibrillation of spherulites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shen Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Nuo Cao
- China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd. Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chao Wan
- China National Electric Apparatus Research Institute Co., Ltd. Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Siwen Bi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xuhang Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Peng Yu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light‐weight Materials and Processing, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan China
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35
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Zheng X, Liu X, Liu L, Li X, Jiang S, Niu C, Xie P, Liu G, Cao Z, Ren Y, Qin Y, Wang J. Multi‐Stimuli‐Induced Mechanical Bending and Reversible Fluorescence Switching in a Single Organic Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Caoyuan Niu
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Puhui Xie
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Zhanqi Cao
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Yunlai Ren
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qin
- College of Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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36
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Zheng X, Liu X, Liu L, Li X, Jiang S, Niu C, Xie P, Liu G, Cao Z, Ren Y, Qin Y, Wang J. Multi-Stimuli-Induced Mechanical Bending and Reversible Fluorescence Switching in a Single Organic Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113073. [PMID: 34807499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent single crystals that respond to multiple external stimuli are of great interest in molecular machines, sensors, and displays. The integration of photo- or acid-induced fluorescence enhancement and bending in one organic crystal, however, has not been reported yet. Herein, we report the interesting plastic photomechanical bending and switching on of the fluorescence of an azine crystal in a single-crystal transformation, due to extended π-conjugation and molecular slippage. Moreover, the fluorescent plastic bending driven by multiple volatile acid vapors was firstly observed, and attributed to the synergistic effect of push-pull electronic structure and hydrogen bonding. The single crystal also shows high elasticity under external force. In addition, reversible fluorescence switching can be triggered by grinding and solvent fuming, as well as by the adsorption and desorption of HCl vapor. The integration of plastic, elastic bending and switch-on fluorescence into one single crystal provides a new strategy for next-generation smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Caoyuan Niu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Puhui Xie
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Zhanqi Cao
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yunlai Ren
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qin
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
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37
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Sugimoto A, Kusumoto S, Nakaya M, Sekine Y, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. Modulation of the elasticity of single crystal, 1-D metal dimethylglyoximato complexes via solid solution effect. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel elastic crystals with metal complexes are reported. The flexibility of solid solution crystals of the complexes varies with the proportion of metal ions present in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Leonard F. Lindoy
- School of Chemistry F11, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials (IINa), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology (IRCAEB), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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38
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Abeysekera AM, Averkiev BB, Sinha AS, Aakeröy C. Evaluating structure-property relationship in a new family of mechanically flexible co-crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9480-9483. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A structure-property analysis of ten compositionally and chemically similar co-crystals of N-(pyridin-2-yl)alkylamides and carboxylic acids show that three co-crystals of targets bearing a methyl chain were brittle, while the remaining...
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39
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Das S, Saha S, Sahu M, Mondal A, Reddy CM. Temperature‐Reliant Dynamic Properties and Elasto‐Plastic to Plastic Crystal (Rotator) Phase Transition in a Metal Oxyacid Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Subhankar Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
- Department of Chemistry Islampur College Islampur Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal 733202 India
| | - Mrinmay Sahu
- Department of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
| | - C. Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata 741246, Nadia, West Bengal India
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40
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Das S, Saha S, Sahu M, Mondal A, Reddy CM. Temperature-Reliant Dynamic Properties and Elasto-Plastic to Plastic Crystal (Rotator) Phase Transition in a Metal Oxyacid Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115359. [PMID: 34890475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although, dynamic crystals are attractive for use in many technologies, molecular level mechanisms of various solid-state dynamic processes and their interdependence, remain poorly understood. Here, we report a rare example of a dynamic crystal (1), involving a heavy transition metal, rhenium, with an initial two-face elasticity (within ≈1 % strain), followed by elasto-plastic deformation, at room temperature. Further, these crystals transform to a rotator (plastic) crystal phase at ≈105 °C, displaying exceptional malleability. Qualitative and quantitative mechanical tests, X-ray diffraction, μ-Raman and polarized light microscopy experiments reveal that the elasto-plastic deformation involves both partial molecular rotations and slip, while malleability in the rotator phase is facilitated by reorientational motions and increased symmetry (slip planes). Our work, connecting the plastically bendable (1D or 2D) crystals with the rotator phases (3D), is important for designing multi-functional dynamic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhankar Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Department of Chemistry, Islampur College, Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal 733202, India
| | - Mrinmay Sahu
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, 741246, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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41
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Di Q, Li J, Zhang Z, Yu X, Tang B, Zhang H, Zhang H. Quantifiable stretching-induced fluorescence shifts of an elastically bendable and plastically twistable organic crystal. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15423-15428. [PMID: 34976364 PMCID: PMC8635174 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic crystals with mechanical stimulus-response properties are being developed increasingly nowadays. However, the studies involving tensile-responsive crystals are still lacking due to the strict requirement of crystals with good flexibility. In this work, an organic crystal with the ability of elastic bending and plastic twisting upon loading stress and shearing force, respectively, is reported. The deformability in different directions enables the crystal to be a model for tensile-responsive study. Indeed, blue shifts of fluorescence were observed when the tensile forces loaded upon the needle-shaped crystal were stretched to a certain degree. The mathematical correlation between emission wavelength changes and stretching strain was obtained for the first time, which proves that the crystal has a potential application for tension sensors. In addition, a low detection limit and high sensitivity enabled the crystal to have the ability to detect tension variations in precision instruments. Theoretical calculations and X-ray crystal structure analyses revealed the mechanism of emission wavelength shifts caused by molecular movement during the stretching process. The presented crystal successfully overcame the limitations of traditional mechanochromic organic crystals, which have difficulty in responding to tensile forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Di
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zhanrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Baolei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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42
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Karothu DP, Halabi JM, Ahmed E, Ferreira R, Spackman PR, Spackman MA, Naumov P. Global Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Organic Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113988. [PMID: 34845806 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic crystals, although widely studied, have not been considered nascent candidate materials in the engineering design. Here we summarize the reported mechanical properties of organic crystals reported over the past three decades, and we establish a global mechanical property profile that can be used to predict and identify mechanically robust organic crystals. Being composed of light elements, organic crystals populate a narrow region in the mechanical property-density space between soft, disordered organic materials and stiff, ordered materials. Two subsets of extraordinarily stiff and hard organic crystalline materials were identified and rationalized by the normalized number density, strength and directionality of their intermolecular interactions. We conclude that the future light-weight, soft, all-organic components in devices should capitalize on the combination of long-range structural order and softness as the greatest asset of organic single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University - Abu Dhabi Campus, Science, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | - Rodrigo Ferreira
- New York University - Abu Dhabi Campus, Science, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
| | | | | | - Pance Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Division of Science and Mathematics, Saadiyat Island, 00000, Abu Dhabi, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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43
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Elastic Flexibility in an Optically Active Naphthalidenimine-Based Single Crystal. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic single crystals that combine mechanical flexibility and optical properties are important for developing flexible optical devices, but examples of such crystals remain scarce. Both mechanical flexibility and optical activity depend on the underlying crystal packing and the nature of the intermolecular interactions present in the solid state. Hence, both properties can be expected to be tunable by small chemical modifications to the organic molecule. By incorporating a chlorine atom, a reportedly mechanically flexible crystal of (E)-1-(4-bromo-phenyl)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BPIN) produces (E)-1-(4-bromo-2-chloro-phenyl)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BCPIN). BCPIN crystals show elastic bending similar to BPIN upon mechanical stress, but exhibit a remarkable difference in their optical properties as a result of the chemical modification to the backbone of the organic molecule. This work thus demonstrates that the optical properties and mechanical flexibility of molecular materials can, in principle, be tuned independently.
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44
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Bartashevich EV, Sobalev SA, Matveychuk YV, Tsirelson VG. SIMULATION OF THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF ISOSTRUCTURAL HALOGEN CONTAINING CRYSTALS ON MACRO- AND MICROLEVELS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Yan J, Zhang X, Xia S, Zhao Y, Yu J, Ding B. Superior Flexibility in Oxide Ceramic Crystal Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105011. [PMID: 34532907 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxide crystal ceramics are commonly hard and brittle, when they are bent they typically fracture. Such mechanical response limits the use of these materials in emerging fields like wearable electronics. Here, a polymer-induced assembly strategy is reported to construct orderly assembled TiO2 crystals into continuous nanofibers that are stretchable, bendable, and even knottable. Ball-milling the spinning sol and curved-drafting the electrospun nanofibers significantly improve the molecular structural order and reduce pore defects in the precursor nanofibers. Using this method, continuous TiO2 nanofibers, in which orderly assembled TiO2 nanocrystals (brick) are connected by twin grain boundaries or an amorphous region (mortar), are formed after sintering. Mechanical measurements and finite element analysis simulation indicate that the dislocation slip of "bricks" and the elastic deformation of "mortar" render the nanofibers with a small bending rigidity of ≈22 mN and a small elastic modulus of ≈20.8 Gpa, thus displaying properties associated with both soft and hard matter. More importantly, the reported approach can be easily extended to synthesize a wide range of soft, yet tough ceramic membranes, such as ZrO2 and SiO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Shuhui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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46
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Thekkeppat NP, Singla L, Tothadi S, Das P, Choudhury AR, Ghosh S. Structure-property correlation of halogen substituted benzothiazole crystals. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Khan S, Akhtaruzzaman, Medishetty R, Ekka A, Mir MH. Mechanical Motion in Crystals Triggered by Solid State Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2806-2816. [PMID: 34355513 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some special crystals respond to light by jumping, scattering or bursting just like popping of popcorn kernels on a hot surface. This rare phenomenon is called the photosalient (PS) effect. Molecular level control over the arrangement of light-responsive molecules in microscopic crystals for macroscale deformation or mechanical motion offers the possibility of using light to control smart material structures across the length scales. Photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition has recently emerged as a promising route to obtain photoswitchable structures and a wide variety of frameworks, but such reaction in crystals leading to macroscopic mechanical motion is relatively less explored. Study of chemistry of such novel soft crystals for the generation of smart materials is an imperative task. This minireview highlights recent advances in solid-state [2+2] cycloaddition in crystals to induce macroscale mechanical motion and thereby transduction of light into kinetic energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata, 700 156, India
| | - Akhtaruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata, 700 156, India
| | | | - Akansha Ekka
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bhilai, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492015, India
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48
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Dutta A, Pan Y, Liu JQ, Kumar A. Multicomponent isoreticular metal-organic frameworks: Principles, current status and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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49
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Liu X, Michalchuk AAL, Bhattacharya B, Yasuda N, Emmerling F, Pulham CR. High-pressure reversibility in a plastically flexible coordination polymer crystal. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3871. [PMID: 34162870 PMCID: PMC8222229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single crystals which exhibit mechanical flexibility are promising materials for advanced technological applications. Before such materials can be used, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of bending is needed. Using single crystal X-ray diffraction and microfocus Raman spectroscopy, we study in atomic detail the high-pressure response of the plastically flexible coordination polymer [Zn(μ-Cl)2(3,5-dichloropyridine)2]n (1). Contradictory to three-point bending, quasi-hydrostatic compression of (1) is completely reversible, even following compression to over 9 GPa. A structural phase transition is observed at ca. 5 GPa. DFT calculations show this transition to result from the pressure-induced softening of low-frequency vibrations. This phase transition is not observed during three-point-bending. Microfocus synchrotron X-ray diffraction revealed that bending yields significant mosaicity, as opposed to compression. Hence, our studies indicate of overall disparate mechanical responses of bulk flexibility and quasi-hydrostatic compression within the same crystal lattice. We suspect this to be a general feature of plastically bendable materials. Mechanically flexible single crystals are promising materials for advanced technological applications. Here, the authors study the high pressure response of a plastically flexible coordination polymer and provide indication of an overall disparate mechanical response of bulk flexibility and quasi-hydrostatic compression within the same crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Liu
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions (CSEC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Adam A L Michalchuk
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Colin R Pulham
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions (CSEC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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50
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Commins P, Dippenaar AB, Li L, Hara H, Haynes DA, Naumov P. Mechanically compliant single crystals of a stable organic radical. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6188-6193. [PMID: 33996017 PMCID: PMC8098752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanically compliant organic crystals are the foundation of the development of future flexible, light-weight single-crystal electronics, and this requires reversibly deformable crystalline organic materials with permanent magnetism. Here, we report and characterize the first instance of a plastically bendable single crystal of a permanent organic radical, 4-(4'-cyano-2',3',4',5'-tetrafluorophenyl)-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl. The weak interactions between the radicals render single crystals of the β phase of this material exceedingly soft, and the S-N interactions facilitate plastic bending. EPR imaging of a bent single crystal reveals the effect of deformation on the three-dimensional spin density of the crystal. The unusual mechanical compliance of this material opens prospects for exploration into flexible crystals of other stable organic radicals towards the development of flexible light-weight organic magnetoresistance devices based on weak, non-hydrogen-bonded interactions in molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Commins
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - A Bernard Dippenaar
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University P. Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Republic of South Africa
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- Bruker K.K. 3-9, Moriya, Kanagawa Yokohama Kanagawa 221-0022 Japan
| | - Delia A Haynes
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University P. Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Republic of South Africa
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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