1
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Pan T, Shao Z, Xue M, Li Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y. KBr-Mediated Electrochemical Dihydroxylation of Alkenes Using H 2O as the Hydroxyl Source. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39364937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Dihydroxylation of alkenes provides direct access to vicinal diols. Herein, a new electrochemical strategy for dihydroxylation of alkenes in only the presence of KBr is disclosed. Water serves as a green and sustainable hydroxyl source. Cheap KBr acts as both an electrolyte and a catalyst. Both styrenes and unactivated alkenes proceed in the dihydroxylation reactions smoothly to furnish vicinal diols in good yields. The successful synthesis of Cyclandelate, DTD derivative precursors, and a key intermediate for the synthesis of herbicide Metamitron highlights its synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhichao Shao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meng Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yulin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lixing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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2
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Liu S, Xu T, Liu Y, Wang Y. Dearomative Intramolecular meta-Thermocycloadditions of Benzene Rings via Wheland Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407841. [PMID: 38837571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative cycloadditions are powerful synthetic transformations utilizing aromatic compounds for cycloaddition reactions. They have been extensively applied to the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds not only because of the complexity generated from simplicity but also the atom- and step-economy. For the most studied yet challenging benzene ring systems, ortho- and para-cycloadditions have been realized both photochemically and thermally, while the meta-cycloadditions are still limited to the photochemical processes tracing back to the 1960s. Herein, we for the first time realized the thermal cycloadditions of benzene rings with alkenes in a meta fashion via Wheland intermediates. A broad spectrum of readily available C(sp2)-rich aniline-tethered enynes were transformed into C(sp3)-rich 3D complex polycyclic architectures simply by stirring in TFA. Moreover, the reaction could be performed in gram-scales and the products could be diversely elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Xu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Youliang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU), Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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3
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Davis CW, Zhang Y, Li Y, Martinelli M, Zhang J, Ungarean C, Galer P, Liu P, Sarlah D. Copper-Catalyzed Dearomative 1,2-Hydroamination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407281. [PMID: 38779787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic olefin hydroamination reactions are some of the most atom-economical transformations that bridge readily available starting materials-olefins and high-value-added amines. Despite significant advances in this field over the last two decades, the formal hydroamination of nonactivated aromatic compounds remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we report the extension of olefin hydroamination to aromatic π-systems by using arenophile-mediated dearomatization and Cu-catalysis to perform 1,2-hydroamination on nonactivated arenes. This strategy was applied to a variety of substituted arenes and heteroarenes to provide general access to structurally complex amines. We conducted DFT calculations to inform mechanistic understanding and rationalize unexpected selectivity trends. Furthermore, we developed a practical, scalable desymmetrization to deliver enantioenriched dearomatized products and enable downstream synthetic applications. We ultimately used this dearomative strategy to efficiently synthesize a collection of densely functionalized small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Jingyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chad Ungarean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Petra Galer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, LOM 27100, IT
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4
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Ji P, Duan K, Li M, Wang Z, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang W. Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6600-6624. [PMID: 38817197 PMCID: PMC11181993 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Menglong Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
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5
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Di Terlizzi L, Nicchio L, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Visible photons as ideal reagents for the activation of coloured organic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4926-4975. [PMID: 38596901 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the traceless nature of visible photons has been exploited for the development of efficient synthetic strategies for the photoconversion of colourless compounds, namely, photocatalysis, chromophore activation, and the formation of an electron donor/acceptor (EDA) complex. However, the use of photoreactive coloured organic compounds is the optimal strategy to boost visible photons as ideal reagents in synthetic protocols. In view of such premises, the present review aims to provide its readership with a collection of recent photochemical strategies facilitated via direct light absorption by coloured molecules. The protocols have been classified and presented according to the nature of the intermediate/excited state achieved during the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luca Nicchio
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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6
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Zhu M, Gao YJ, Huang XL, Li M, Zheng C, You SL. Photo-induced intramolecular dearomative [5 + 4] cycloaddition of arenes for the construction of highly strained medium-sized-rings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2462. [PMID: 38503749 PMCID: PMC10951311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Medium-sized-ring compounds have been recognized as challenging synthetic targets in organic chemistry. Especially, the difficulty of synthesis will be augmented if an E-olefin moiety is embedded. Recently, photo-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions that proceed via energy transfer mechanism have witnessed significant developments and provided powerful methods for the organic transformations that are not easily realized under thermal conditions. Herein, we report an intramolecular dearomative [5 + 4] cycloaddition of naphthalene-derived vinylcyclopropanes under visible-light irradiation and a proper triplet photosensitizer. The reaction affords dearomatized polycyclic molecules possessing a nine-membered-ring with an E-olefin moiety in good yields (up to 86%) and stereoselectivity (up to 8.8/1 E/Z). Detailed computational studies reveal the origin behind the favorable formation of the thermodynamically less stable isomers. Diverse derivations of the dearomatized products have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Lun Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Muzi Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Harada S, Takenaka H, Ito T, Kanda H, Nemoto T. Valence-isomer selective cycloaddition reaction of cycloheptatrienes-norcaradienes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2309. [PMID: 38485991 PMCID: PMC10940685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid and precise creation of complex molecules while controlling multiple selectivities is the principal objective in synthetic chemistry. Combining data science and organic synthesis to achieve this goal is an emerging trend, but few examples of successful reaction designs are reported. We develop an artificial neural network regression model using bond orbital data to predict chemical reactivities. Actual experimental verification confirms cycloheptatriene-selective [6 + 2]-cycloaddition utilizing nitroso compounds and norcaradiene-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions employing benzynes. Additionally, a one-pot asymmetric synthesis is achieved by telescoping the enantioselective dearomatization of non-activated benzenes and cycloadditions. Computational studies provide a rational explanation for the seemingly anomalous occurrence of thermally prohibited suprafacial [6 + 2]-cycloaddition without photoirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Takenaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Haruki Kanda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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8
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Fan Q, Jiang K, Liu B, Jiang H, Cao X, Yin B. Radical-Dearomative Generation of Cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) toward the 3D Transformation of Nonactivated Phenyl Rings. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307074. [PMID: 38102822 PMCID: PMC10916580 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional palladium-catalyzed dearomatization of (hetero)arenes takes place via an ionic pathway and usually requires elevated temperatures to overcome the energy barrier of the dearomative insertion step. Herein, a combination of the radical and two-electron pathways is disclosed, which enables room temperature dearomative 3D transformations of nonactivated phenyl rings with Pd(0) as the catalyst. Experimental results together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate a versatile π-allyl Pd(II) species, cyclohexadienyl Pd(II), possibly is involved in the dearomatization. This species is generated by combining the cyclohexadienyl radical and Pd(I). The cyclohexadienyl Pd(II) provides chemoselective (carboamination and trieneylation), regioselective (1,2-carboamination), and diastereoselective (carbonyl-group directed face selectivity) conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical Collegeand State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong ProvinceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology (SCUT)Guangzhou510640China
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9
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López-Carballeira D, Polcar T. High throughput selection of organic cathode materials. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:264-273. [PMID: 37800977 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and affordable batteries require the design of novel organic electrode materials to overcome the drawbacks of the traditionally used inorganic materials, and the computational screening of potential candidates is a very efficient way to identify prospective solutions and minimize experimental testing. Here we present a DFT high-throughput computational screening where 86 million molecules contained in the PUBCHEM database have been analyzed and classified according to their estimated electrochemical features. The 5445 top-performing candidates were identified, and among them, 2306 are expected to have a one-electron reduction potential higher than 4 V versus (Li/Li+ ). Analogously, one-electron energy densities higher than 800 Whkg-1 have been predicted for 626 molecules. Explicit calculations performed for certain materials show that at least 69 candidates with a two-electron energy density higher than 1300 Whkg-1 . Successful molecules were sorted into several families, some of them already commonly used electrode materials, and others still experimentally untested. Most of them are small systems containing conjugated CO, NN, or NC functional groups. Our selected molecules form a valuable starting point for experimentalists exploring new materials for organic electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego López-Carballeira
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polcar
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Siddiqi Z, Bingham TW, Shimakawa T, Hesp KD, Shavnya A, Sarlah D. Oxidative Dearomatization of Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2358-2363. [PMID: 38230893 PMCID: PMC11006438 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization of pyridines is a well-established synthetic approach to access piperidines. Although remarkably powerful, existing dearomatization processes have been limited to the hydrogenation or addition of carbon-based nucleophiles to activated pyridiniums. Here, we show that arenophile-mediated dearomatizations can be applied to pyridines to directly introduce heteroatom functionalities without prior substrate activation. The arenophile platform in combination with olefin oxidation chemistry provides access to dihydropyridine cis-diols and epoxides. These previously elusive compounds are now readily accessible and can be used for the downstream preparation of diversely functionalized piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Siddiqi
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tanner W. Bingham
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tsukasa Shimakawa
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kevin D. Hesp
- Treeline Biosciences, 500 Arsenal St, second Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Dutta S, Lee D, Ozols K, Daniliuc CG, Shintani R, Glorius F. Photoredox-Enabled Dearomative [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition of Phenols. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2789-2797. [PMID: 38236061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative photocycloaddition of monocyclic arenes is an appealing strategy for comprehending the concept of "escape from flatland". This brings the replacement of readily available planar aromatic hydrocarbon units with a 3D fused bicyclic core with sp3-enriched carbon units. Herein, we outline an intermolecular approach for the dearomative photocycloaddition of phenols. In order to circumvent the ground-state aromaticity and to construct conformationally restrained building blocks, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes were chosen as coupling partners. This dearomative approach renders straightforward access to a bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane unit fused to a cyclic enone moiety, which further contributed as a synthetic linchpin for postmodifications. Mechanistic experiment advocates for a plausible onset from both the reactants, depending on the redox potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Donghyeon Lee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kristers Ozols
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Angelini E, Martinelli M, Roà E, Ungarean CN, Salome C, Lefebvre Q, Bournez C, Fessard TC, Sarlah D. Diversification of Simple Arenes into Complex (Amino)cyclitols. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303262. [PMID: 37856371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated cyclohexanes, including (amino)cyclitols, are featured in natural products possessing a notable range of biological activities. As such, these building blocks are valuable tools for medicinal chemistry. While de novo synthetic strategies have provided access to select compounds, challenges including stereochemical density and complexity have hindered the development of a general approach to (amino)cyclitol structures. This work reports the use of arenophile chemistry to access dearomatized intermediates which are amenable to diverse downstream transformations. Practical guidelines were developed for the synthesis of natural and non-natural (amino)cyclitols from simple arenes through a series of strategic functionalization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Roà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chad N Ungarean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Colin Bournez
- SpiroChem AG, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - David Sarlah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, 61801, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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13
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Chiminelli M, Scarica G, Serafino A, Marchiò L, Viscardi R, Maestri G. Visible-Light-Promoted Tandem Skeletal Rearrangement/Dearomatization of Heteroaryl Enallenes. Molecules 2024; 29:595. [PMID: 38338340 PMCID: PMC10856172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Access to complex three-dimensional molecular architectures via dearomatization of ubiquitous aryl rings is a powerful synthetic tool, which faces, however, an inherent challenge to overcome energetic costs due to the loss of aromatic stabilization energy. Photochemical methods that allow one to populate high-energy states can thus be an ideal strategy to accomplish otherwise prohibitive reaction pathways. We present an original dearomative rearrangement of heteroaryl acryloylallenamides that leads to complex fused tricycles. The visible-light-promoted method occurs under mild conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups. According to DFT modeling used to rationalize the outcome of the cascade, the reaction involves a sequential [2+2] allene-alkene photocycloaddition, which is followed by a selective retro- [2+2] step that paves the way for the dearomatization of the heteroaryl partner. This scenario is original with respect to the reported photochemical reactivity of similar substrates and thus holds promise for ample future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiminelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriele Scarica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Serafino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Rosanna Viscardi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
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14
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Choukairi Afailal N, Borrell M, Cianfanelli M, Costas M. Dearomative syn-Dihydroxylation of Naphthalenes with a Biomimetic Iron Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:240-249. [PMID: 38123164 PMCID: PMC10785824 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Arenes are interesting feedstocks for organic synthesis because of their natural abundance. However, the stability conferred by aromaticity severely limits their reactivity, mostly to reactions where aromaticity is retained. Methods for oxidative dearomatization of unactivated arenes are exceedingly rare but particularly valuable because the introduction of Csp3-O bonds transforms the flat aromatic ring in 3D skeletons and confers the oxygenated molecules with a very rich chemistry suitable for diversification. Mimicking the activity of naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO), a non-heme iron-dependent bacterial enzyme, herein we describe the catalytic syn-dihydroxylation of naphthalenes with hydrogen peroxide, employing a sterically encumbered and exceedingly reactive yet chemoselective iron catalyst. The high electrophilicity of hypervalent iron oxo species is devised as a key to enabling overcoming the aromatically promoted kinetic stability. Interestingly, the first dihydroxylation of the arene renders a reactive olefinic site ready for further dihydroxylation. Sequential bis-dihydroxylation of a broad range of naphthalenes provides valuable tetrahydroxylated products in preparative yields, amenable for rapid diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Choukairi Afailal
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Margarida Borrell
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Cianfanelli
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17071, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Bourgeois F, Höller U, Netscher T. Synthesis of trifold-labeled versatile reagent [3,5- 13 C 2 ,4- 15 N]4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:461-466. [PMID: 37985145 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Triazolinediones are an important class of derivatization agents that have found application in various research disciplines. Their unique reactivity often allows precise and selective tagging of relevant molecular scaffolds to facilitate structural elucidation, tracking in biological systems, and stabilization of labile compounds. Recent research efforts mainly focused on the development of novel fluorescent and ionizable or isotopically labeled tags improving the quantification and identification of the parent molecule by suitable analytical methods. However, these concepts often lack the ability to improve properties facilitating the analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We herein describe the first synthesis of 13 C and 15 N labeled [3,5-13 C2 ,4-15 N]4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione utilizing the Cookson/Zinner-Deucker synthesis of urazoles. The introduced isotopic labels are ideally suited to support the structural elucidation of unknown and complex derivatization mixtures by NMR, thereby exploiting the increased sensitivity of detecting long-range JHC and additional JCC and JCN couplings within the derivatized compounds of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Höller
- dsm-firmenich, Science and Research, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Palai A, Rai P, Maji B. Rejuvenation of dearomative cycloaddition reactions via visible light energy transfer catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12004-12025. [PMID: 37969572 PMCID: PMC10631258 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dearomative cycloaddition is a powerful technique to access sp3-rich three-dimensional structural motifs from simple flat, aromatic feedstock. The building-up of unprecedentedly diverse polycyclic scaffolds with increased saturation and stereochemical information having various applications ranging from pharmaceutical to material sciences, is an essential goal in organic chemistry. However, the requirement of large energy inputs to disrupt the aromaticity of an arene moiety necessitates harsh reaction conditions for ground state dearomative cycloaddition. The photochemical requirement encompasses use of ultraviolet (UV) light to enable the reaction on an excited potential energy surface. The microscopic reversibility under thermal conditions and the use of high energy harmful UV irradiation in photochemical manoeuvres, however, constrain their widespread use from a synthetic point of view. In this context, the recent renaissance of visible light energy transfer (EnT) catalysis has become a powerful tool to initiate dearomative cycloaddition as a greener and more sustainable approach. The excited triplet state population is achieved by triplet energy transfer from the appropriate photosensitizer to the substrate. While employing mild visible light energy as fuel, the process leverages an enormous potential of excited state reactivity. The discovery of an impressive portfolio of organic and inorganic photosensitizers with a range of triplet energies facilitates visible light photosensitized dearomative cycloaddition of various substrates to form sp3-rich fused polycyclic architectures with diverse applications. The tutorial review comprehensively surveys the reawakening of dearomative cycloadditions via visible light-mediated energy transfer catalysis in the past five years. The progress ranges from intra- and intermolecular [2π + 2π] to [4π + 2π], and ends at intermolecular [2π + 2σ] cycloadditions. Furthermore, the review provides potential possibilities for future growth in the growing field of visible light energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Pramod Rai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
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17
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Liu M, Feng T, Wang Y, Kou G, Wang Q, Wang Q, Qiu Y. Metal-free electrochemical dihydroxylation of unactivated alkenes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6467. [PMID: 37833286 PMCID: PMC10575955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a metal-free electrochemical dihydroxylation of unactivated alkenes is described. The transformation proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with a broad range of unactivated alkenes, providing valuable and versatile dihydroxylated products in moderate to good yields without the addition of costly transition metals and stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants. Moreover, this method can be applied to a range of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives, further demonstrating its synthetic utility. Mechanistic studies have revealed that iodohydrin and epoxide intermediate are formed during the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guangsheng Kou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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18
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Gauci SC, Du Prez FE, Holloway JO, Houck HA, Barner-Kowollik C. The Power of Action Plots: Unveiling Reaction Selectivity of Light-Stabilized Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310274. [PMID: 37551836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the optimum wavelength of reactivity for efficient photochemical reactions has been well-established based on the development of photochemical action plots. We herein demonstrate the power of such action plots by a remarkable example of the wavelength-resolved photochemistry of two triazolinedione (TAD) substrates, i.e., aliphatic and aromatic substituted, that exhibit near identical absorption spectra yet possess vastly disparate photoreactivity. We present our findings in carefully recorded action plots, from which reaction selectivity is identified. The profound difference in photoreactivity is exploited by designing a 'hybrid' bisfunctional TAD molecule, enabling the formation of a dual-gated reaction manifold that demonstrates the exceptional and site-selective (photo)chemical behavior of both TAD substrates within a single small molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Gauci
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua O Holloway
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannes A Houck
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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19
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Bevernaege K, Tzouras NV, Poater A, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Nahra F, Winne JM. Site selective gold(i)-catalysed benzylic C-H amination via an intermolecular hydride transfer to triazolinediones. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9787-9794. [PMID: 37736629 PMCID: PMC10510626 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazolinediones are known as highly reactive dienophiles that can also act as electrophilic amination reagents towards enolisable C-H bonds (ionic pathway) or weak C-H bonds (free radical pathway). Here, we report that this C-H amination reactivity can be significantly extended and enhanced via gold(i)-catalysis. Under mild conditions, several alkyl-substituted aryls successfully undergo benzylic C-H aminations at room temperature. The remarkable site selectivity that is observed points towards strong electronic activation and deactivation effects, that go beyond a simple weakening of the C-H bond. The observed catalytic C-H aminations do not follow the expected trends for a free radical-type C-H amination and show complementarity to existing methods. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and distinct experimental trends provide a clear mechanistic rationale for observed selectivity patterns, postulating a novel pathway for triazolinedione-induced aminations via a carbon-to-nitrogen hydride transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bevernaege
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S3 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament de Química, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) Boeretang 200 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Fady Nahra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S3 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
- Separation and Conversion Technology, VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research) Boeretang 200 2400 Mol Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281-S4 B-9000 Ghent Belgium
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20
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Ikeda K, Kojima R, Kawai K, Murakami T, Kikuchi T, Kojima M, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Formation of Isolable Dearomatized [4 + 2] Cycloadducts from Benzenes, Naphthalenes, and N-Heterocycles Using 1,2-Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diones as Arenophiles under Visible Light Irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9326-9333. [PMID: 37055373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
We report that the dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition between 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diones (TETRADs) and benzenes, naphthalenes, or N-heteroaromatic compounds under visible light irradiation affords the corresponding isolable cycloadducts. Several synthetic transformations including transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions using the isolated cycloadducts at room temperature or above were demonstrated. Computational studies revealed that the retro-cycloaddition of the benzene-TETRAD adduct proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism, while that of the benzene-MTAD adduct (MTAD = 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) proceeds via a synchronous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Riku Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayasu Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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21
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Chiminelli M, Serafino A, Ruggeri D, Marchiò L, Bigi F, Maggi R, Malacria M, Maestri G. Visible-Light Promoted Intramolecular para-Cycloadditions on Simple Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216817. [PMID: 36705630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dearomative cycloadditions are a powerful tool to access a large chemical space exploiting simple and ubiquitous building blocks. The energetic burden due to the loss of aromaticity has however greatly limited their synthetic potential. We devised a general intramolecular method that overcomes these limitations thanks to the photosensitization of allenamides. The visible-light-promoted process gives complex [2.2.2]-(hetero)-bicyclooctadienes at room temperature, likely through the stabilization of transient (bi)radicals by naphthalene. The reaction tolerates several valuable functionalities, offering a convenient handle for a myriad of applications, including original isoindoles and metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiminelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Serafino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Bigi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy.,IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Raimondo Maggi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Max Malacria
- IPCM (UMR CNRS 8232), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
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22
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Matsuoka W, Kawahara KP, Ito H, Sarlah D, Itami K. π-Extended Rubrenes via Dearomative Annulative π-Extension Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:658-666. [PMID: 36563098 PMCID: PMC9837837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among a large variety of organic semiconducting materials, rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene) represents one of the most prominent molecular entities mainly because of its unusually high carrier mobility. Toward finding superior rubrene-based organic semiconductors, several synthetic strategies for related molecules have been established. However, despite its outstanding properties and significant attention in the field of materials science, late-stage functionalizations of rubrene remains undeveloped, thereby limiting the accessible chemical space of rubrene-based materials. Herein, we report on a late-stage π-extension of rubrene by dearomative annulative π-extension (DAPEX), leading to the generation of rubrene derivatives having an extended acene core. The Diels-Alder reaction of rubrene with 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione occurred to give 1:1 and 1:2 cycloadducts which further underwent iron-catalyzed annulative diarylation. The thus-formed 1:1 and 1:2 adducts were subjected to radical-mediated oxidation and thermal cycloreversion to furnish one-side and two-side π-extended rubrenes, respectively. These π-extended rubrenes displayed a marked red shift in absorption and emission spectra, clearly showing that the acene π-system of rubrene was extended not only structurally but also electronically. The X-ray crystallographic analysis uncovered interesting packing modes of these π-extended rubrenes. Particularly, two-side π-extended rubrene adopts a brick-wall packing structure with largely overlapping two-dimensional face-to-face π-π interactions. Finally, organic field-effect transistor devices using two-side π-extended rubrene were fabricated, and their carrier mobilities were measured. The observed maximum hole mobility of 1.49 × 10-3 cm2V-1 s-1, which is a comparable value to that of the thin-film transistor using rubrene, clearly shows the potential utility of two-side π-extended rubrene in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kou P. Kawahara
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - David Sarlah
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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23
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Hu C, Vo C, Merchant RR, Chen SJ, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Qin T. Uncanonical Semireduction of Quinolines and Isoquinolines via Regioselective HAT-Promoted Hydrosilylation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25-31. [PMID: 36548026 PMCID: PMC9930105 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles are the backbone of modern medical chemistry and drug development. The derivatization of "an olefin" inside aromatic rings represents an ideal approach to access functionalized saturated heterocycles from abundant aromatic building blocks. Here, we report an operationally simple, efficient, and practical method to selectively access hydrosilylated and reduced N-heterocycles from bicyclic aromatics via a key diradical intermediate. This approach is expected to facilitate complex heterocycle functionalizations that enable access to novel medicinally relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Cuong Vo
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Rohan R. Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan M. E. Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Byron K. Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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24
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Guan F, Zhou R, Ren X, Guo Z, Wang C, Zhou CY. Asymmetric dearomative cyclopropanation of naphthalenes to construct polycyclic compounds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13015-13019. [PMID: 36425492 PMCID: PMC9669881 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04509e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric dearomatization (CADA) reactions is an important synthetic method for constructing enantioenriched complex cyclic systems from simple aromatic feedstocks. However, the CADA reactions of nonactivated arenes, such as naphthalenes and benzenes, have been far less explored than those of electronically activated arenes, such as phenols, naphthols and indoles. Herein, we disclose an asymmetric dearomative cyclopropanation of naphthalenes for the rapid construction of polycyclic compounds. With chiral dirhodium carboxylate as a catalyst, the dearomative cyclopropanation proceeded smoothly under mild conditions and afforded benzonorcaradiene-containing tetracycles in good yield and high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). Three stereogenic centers, including two all-carbon quaternary centers, were created in the dearomatization reaction. Moreover, a variety of functional groups are well-tolerated in the reaction. The products could be readily converted into other complex polycycles while maintaining the high ee value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Guan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi 030024 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi 030024 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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25
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208329. [PMID: 35920713 PMCID: PMC9826208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While 2-alk-ω-enyloxy-sustituted benzaldehydes do not display any photochemical reactivity at the arene core, the respective iminium perchlorates were found to undergo efficient reactions either upon direct irradiation (λ=366 nm) or under sensitizing conditions (λ=420 nm, 2.5 mol% thioxanthen-9-one). Three pathways were found: (a) Most commonly, the reaction led to benzoxacyclic products in which the olefin in the tether underwent a formal, yet unprecedented carboformylation (13 examples, 44-99 % yield). The cascade process occurred with high diastereoselectivity and was found to be stereoconvergent. (b) If a substituent resides in the 3-position of the benzene ring, a meta photocycloaddition was observed which produced tetracyclic skeletons with five stereogenic centers in excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity (2 examples, 58-79 % yield). (c) If the tether was internally substituted at the alkene, an arene photocycloaddition was avoided and an azetidine was formed in an aza Paternò-Büchi reaction (2 examples, 95-98 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
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26
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Yang SS, Chen YF, Ko HH, Wu HC, Hsieh SY, Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Chang HS. Undescribed alkyne-geranylcyclohexenetriols from the endophyte Diaporthe caulivora 09F0132 and their anti-melanogenic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113312. [PMID: 35830940 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore valuable endophytic fungus from Formosan Lauraceous plants as natural medicinal products, the fungus, Diaporthe caulivora isolated from leaves of Neolitsea daibuensis, was investigated. Through a thorough investigation of the ethanolic extract of the solid fermentation of D. caulivora 09F0132, six undescribed alkyne-geranylcyclohexenetriols, caulivotrioloxins A-F, one undescribed trichopyrone, diapopyrone, two undescribed sesquiterpenes, caulibysins A-B, one compound firstly isolated from the natural source, 3-O-desmethyl phomentrioloxin, and eight known compounds have been successfully identified. The absolute configuration of caulibysin A was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and those of (3R,8S)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)phthalide and (3S,8S)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)phthalide were determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Among the isolated compounds, caulivotrioloxin A concentration-dependently decreased the cellular melanin contents and tyrosinase activities in mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells, suggesting the anti-melanogenic potentials. The anti-melanogenic effects of caulivotrioloxin A involved the decrease in the protein expressions of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Taken together, these results suggested that the isolates from D. caulivora could be served as natural melanogenesis inhibitors for cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Shin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yuan Hsieh
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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27
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Qiu S, Zhang X, Hu C, Chu H, Li Q, Ruiz DA, Liu LL, Tung C, Kong L. Unveiling Hetero‐Enyne Reactivity of Aryliminoboranes: Dearomative Hetero‐Diels–Alder‐Like Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205814. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hongxu Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - David A. Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Lingbing Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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28
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Ji P, Davies CC, Gao F, Chen J, Meng X, Houk KN, Chen S, Wang W. Selective skeletal editing of polycyclic arenes using organophotoredox dearomative functionalization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4565. [PMID: 35931700 PMCID: PMC9355940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions that lead to destruction of aromatic ring systems often require harsh conditions and, thus, take place with poor selectivities. Selective partial dearomatization of fused arenes is even more challenging but can be a strategic approach to creating versatile, complex polycyclic frameworks. Herein we describe a general organophotoredox approach for the chemo- and regioselective dearomatization of structurally diverse polycyclic aromatics, including quinolines, isoquinolines, quinoxalines, naphthalenes, anthracenes and phenanthrenes. The success of the method for chemoselective oxidative rupture of aromatic moieties relies on precise manipulation of the electronic nature of the fused polycyclic arenes. Mechanistic studies show that the addition of a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agent helps favor the dearomatization pathway over the more thermodynamically downhill aromatization pathway. We show that this strategy can be applied to rapid synthesis of biologically valued targets and late-stage skeletal remodeling en route to complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Cassondra C Davies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Xiang Meng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1569, USA.
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0207, USA.
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29
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching GERMANY
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30
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indolines via Dearomative Annulation of
N
‐acylindoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Shi Q, Liao Z, Liu Z, Wen J, Li C, He J, Deng J, Cen S, Cao T, Zhou J, Zhu S. Divergent synthesis of benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones via dearomative rearrangement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4402. [PMID: 35906217 PMCID: PMC9338057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dearomative functionalization of aromatic compounds represents a fascinating but challenging transformation, as it typically needs to overcome a great kinetic barrier. Here, a catalyst-free dearomative rearrangement of o-nitrophenyl alkyne is successfully established by leveraging the remote oxygen transposition and a weak N-O bond acceleration. This reaction features high atom-, step- and redox-economy, which provides a divergent entry to a series of biologically important benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a tandem oxygen transfer cyclization/(3 + 2) cycloaddition/(homo-)hetero-Claisen rearrangement reaction. The resulting polycyclic system is richly decorated with transformable functionalities, such as carbonyl, imine and diene, which enables diversity-oriented synthesis of alkaloid-like polycyclic framework. The dearomative functionalization of aromatic compounds represents a challenging transformation, as it typically needs to overcome a great kinetic barrier. Here, the authors disclose a weak-bond-accelerated, catalyst-free dearomative [3,3]-rearrangement of o-nitrophenyl alkyne for the divergent synthesis of benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones via remote oxygen transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhehui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiazhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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32
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Li NN, Li M, Gao JN, Zhang Z, Xie JB. Revisiting the Mg/TMSCl/Dipolar Solvent System for Dearomatic Silylation of Aryl Carbonyl Compounds: Substrate Scope, Transformations, and Mechanistic Studies. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10876-10889. [PMID: 35905447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatic silylation of arene derivatives is an intriguing synthetic target, which represents an elegant extension of Birch reduction and produces silylated cyclohexene derivatives with great potential of further transformation. Herein, we report a systematic study on dearomatic silylation of aryl carbonyl compounds with Mg and the TMSCl/NMP adduct. The protocol displays a wide range of substrate scope, including alkyl aryl ketones, aromatic amides, benzonitriles, tert-butyl benzoates, and even 2,2'-bipyridines. Synthetic utility is demonstrated using the products as versatile substrate in various transformations. The detailed mechanism is presented with both control experimental analyses and theoretical calculations. An unusual five-coordinated silicon dianion intermediate is first proposed and described here. The selectivity is influenced by the relative rates of single electron reductions (the TMSCl/NMP adduct versus the substrate) and the steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jia-Ni Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian-Bo Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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33
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Ungarean CN, Galer P, Zhang Y, Lee KS, Ngai JM, Lee S, Liu P, Sarlah D. Synthesis of (+)-ribostamycin by catalytic, enantioselective hydroamination of benzene. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2022; 1:542-547. [PMID: 36213185 PMCID: PMC9536474 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AGs) represent a large group of pseudoglycoside natural products, in which several different sugar moieties are harnessed to an aminocyclitol core. AGs constitute a major class of antibiotics that target the prokaryotic ribosome of many problematic pathogens. Hundreds of AGs have been isolated to date, with 1,3-diaminocyclohexanetriol, known as 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS), being the most abundant aglycon core. However, owning to their diverse and complex architecture, all AG-based drugs are either natural substances or analogues prepared by late-stage modifications. Synthetic approaches to AGs are rare and lengthy; most studies involve semi-synthetic reunion of modified fragments. Here we report a bottom-up chemical synthesis of the 2-DOS-based AG antibiotic ribostamycin, which proceeds in ten linear operations from benzene. A key enabling transformation involves a Cu-catalyzed, enantioselective, dearomative hydroamination, which set the stage for the rapid and selective introduction of the remaining 2-DOS heteroatom functionality. This work demonstrates how the combination of a tailored, dearomative logic and strategic use of subsequent olefin functionalizations can provide practical and concise access to the AG class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Ungarean
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Petra Galer
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ken S Lee
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Justin M Ngai
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Sungjong Lee
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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34
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Wang J, Luo H, Wang X, Wei D, Tian R, Duan Z. Dearomatization [4+2] Cycloaddition of Nonactivated Benzene Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:4404-4408. [PMID: 35687509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have recently emerged as a powerful tool for the rapid buildup of molecular complexity. Here, an unparalleled thermal dearomatization [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between benzene derivatives and a 2H-phosphindole tungsten complex was reported. The unique reactivity of the in situ-generated 2H-phosphindole complex toward benzene was revealed by density functional theory calculations. We thus provide new insights into the dearomatization of nonactivated arenes and pave the way for the manipulation of the dearomatization for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Luo
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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35
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Qiu S, Zhang X, Hu C, Chu H, Li Q, Ruiz DA, Liu LL, Tung CH, Kong L. Unveiling Hetero‐Enyne Reactivity of Aryliminoboranes: Dearomative Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Like Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hongxu Chu
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Qianli Li
- Liaocheng University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - David A Ruiz
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Lingbing Kong
- Shandong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27 Shanda Nanlu 250100 Jinan CHINA
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36
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Zhou J, Yang Q, Lee CS, Wang J(J. Enantio‐ and Regioselective Construction of 1,4‐Diamines via Cascade Hydroamination of Methylene Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202160. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Qingjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Chi Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jun (Joelle) Wang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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37
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Facile access to fused 2D/3D rings via intermolecular cascade dearomative [2 + 2] cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions of quinolines with alkenes. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHybrid fused two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) rings are important pharmacophores in drugs owing to their unique structural and physicochemical properties. Preparation of these strained ring systems often requires elaborate synthetic effort and exhibits low efficiency, thus representing a limiting factor in drug discovery. Here, we report two types of energy-transfer-mediated cascade dearomative [2 + 2] cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions of quinoline derivatives with alkenes, which provide a straightforward avenue to 2D/3D pyridine-fused 6−5−4−3- and 6−4−6-membered ring systems. Notably, this energy-transfer-mediated strategy features excellent diastereoselectivity that bypasses the general reactivity and selectivity issues of photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition of various other aromatics. Tuning the aza-arene substitutions enabled selective diversion of the iridium photocatalysed energy transfer manifold towards either cyclopropanation or cyclobutane-rearrangement products. Density functional theory calculations revealed a cascade energy transfer scenario to be operative.
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38
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Luo J, Zeng G, Cao X, Yin B. Visible‐Light‐Induced [2+2+1] Dearomative Cascade Cyclization of Indole/Furan Alkynes to Synthesize Sulfonyl Polycycles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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39
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Simpson SR, Siano P, Siela DJ, Diment LA, Song BC, Westendorff KS, Ericson MN, Welch KD, Dickie DA, Harman WD. Phenyl Sulfones: A Route to a Diverse Family of Trisubstituted Cyclohexenes from Three Independent Nucleophilic Additions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9489-9499. [PMID: 35593716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel process is described for the synthesis of di- and trisubstituted cyclohexenes from an arene. These compounds are prepared from three independent nucleophilic addition reactions to a phenyl sulfone (PhSO2R; R = Me, Ph, and NC4H8) dihapto-coordinated to the tungsten complex {WTp(NO)(PMe3)}(Tp = trispyrazolylborate). Such a coordination renders the dearomatized aryl ring susceptible to protonation at a carbon ortho to the sulfone group. The resulting arenium species readily reacts with the first nucleophile to form a dihapto-coordinated sulfonylated diene complex. This complex can again be protonated, and the subsequent nucleophilic addition forms a trisubstituted cyclohexene species bearing a sulfonyl group at an allylic position. Loss of the sulfinate anion forms a π-allyl species, to which a third nucleophile can be added. The trisubstituted cyclohexene can then be oxidatively decomplexed, either before or after substitution of the sulfonyl group. Nucleophiles employed include masked enolates, cyanide, amines, amides, and hydride, with all three additions occurring to the same face of the ring, anti to the metal. Of the 12 novel functionalized cyclohexenes prepared as examples of this methodology, nine compounds meet five independent criteria for evaluating drug likeliness. Structural assignments are supported with nine crystal structures, density functional theory studies, and full 2D NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser R Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Paolo Siano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Daniel J Siela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Louis A Diment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Brian C Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Karl S Westendorff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Megan N Ericson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - W Dean Harman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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40
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Ito T, Ueda J, Harada S, Nemoto T. Development of Selective Molecular Transformations Based on Unique Chemical Properties of Silver Catalyst: A Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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41
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Synthesis and biological effects evaluation of benzoconduritols C and D from oxabenzonorbornadiene. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Zhou J, Yang Q, Lee CS, WANG J. Enantio‐ and Regioselective Construction of 1,4‐diamines via Cascade Hydroamination of Methylene Cyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Qingjing Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chi Sing Lee
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Jun WANG
- Hong Kong Baptist University Department of Chemistry Ho Sin Hang Campus 000000 Hong Kong HONG KONG
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43
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Osifalujo EA, Preston‐Herrera C, Betts PC, Satterwhite LR, Froese JT. Improving Toluene Dioxygenase Activity for Ester‐Functionalized Substrates through Enzyme Engineering. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Preston‐Herrera
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University 1600 W Ashland Avenue Muncie IN USA 47306
- Cristina Preston-Herrera Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University 122 Baker Laboratory Ithaca NY USA 14853
| | - Phillip C. Betts
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University 1600 W Ashland Avenue Muncie IN USA 47306
| | - Louis R. Satterwhite
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University 1600 W Ashland Avenue Muncie IN USA 47306
| | - Jordan T. Froese
- Department of Chemistry Ball State University 1600 W Ashland Avenue Muncie IN USA 47306
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44
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Cao MY, Ma BJ, Gu QX, Fu B, Lu HH. Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Daphenylline Enabled by an Intramolecular Oxidative Dearomatization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5750-5755. [PMID: 35289615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Daphenylline is a structurally unique member of the triterpenoid Daphniphyllum natural alkaloids, which exhibit intriguing biological activities. Six total syntheses have been reported, five of which utilize aromatization approaches. Herein, we report a concise protecting-group-free total synthesis by means of a novel intramolecular oxidative dearomatization reaction, which concurrently generates the critical seven-membered ring and the quaternary-containing vicinal stereocenters. Other notable transformations include a tandem reductive amination/amidation double cyclization reaction, to assemble the cage-like architecture, and installation of the other two chiral stereocenters via a highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed challenging hydrogenation of the diene intermediate (90% e.e.) and an unprecedented remote acid-directed Mukaiyama-Michael reaction of the complex benzofused cyclohexanone (13:1 d.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yue Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bin-Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qing-Xiu Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hai-Hua Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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45
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Cheng YZ, Feng Z, Zhang X, You SL. Visible-light induced dearomatization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2145-2170. [PMID: 35212320 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions provide rapid access to structurally complex three-dimensional molecules from simple aromatic compounds. Plenty of reports have demonstrated their utilities in the synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and materials science in the last decades. Recently, visible-light mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to promote many kinds of transformations. The dearomatization reactions induced by visible-light have also made significant progress during the past several years. This review provides an overview of visible-light induced dearomatization reactions classified based on the manner in which aromaticity is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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46
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Kawai K, Ikeda K, Sato A, Kabasawa A, Kojima M, Kokado K, Kakugo A, Sada K, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. 1,2-Disubstituted 1,2-Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dione as a Dynamic Covalent Bonding Unit at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1370-1379. [PMID: 35040645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent bonds are useful tools in a wide range of applications. Although various reversible chemical reactions have been studied for this purpose, the requirement for harsh conditions, such as high temperature and low or high pH, to activate generally stable covalent bonds limits their potential applications involving biomolecules or household utilization. Here, we report the design, synthesis, characterization, and dynamic covalent bonding properties of 1,2-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dione (TETRAD). Hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of TETRAD with furan derivatives and their retro-reactions proceeded rapidly at room temperature under neutral conditions, enabling a chemically induced sol-gel transition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akane Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akira Kabasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenta Kokado
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10 Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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47
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Tyler JL, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Strain‐Release‐Driven Friedel–Crafts Spirocyclization of Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper L. Tyler
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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48
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Tyler JL, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Strain-Release-Driven Friedel-Crafts Spirocyclization of Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114235. [PMID: 34780681 PMCID: PMC9299780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of spiro N-heterocycles as scaffolds that display structural novelty, three-dimensionality, beneficial physicochemical properties, and enable the controlled spatial disposition of substituents has led to a surge of interest in utilizing these compounds in drug discovery programs. Herein, we report the strain-release-driven Friedel-Crafts spirocyclization of azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane-tethered (hetero)aryls for the synthesis of a unique library of azetidine spiro-tetralins. The reaction was discovered to proceed through an unexpected interrupted Friedel-Crafts mechanism, generating a highly complex azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold. This dearomatized intermediate, formed exclusively as a single diastereomer, can be subsequently converted to the Friedel-Crafts product upon electrophilic activation of the tertiary amine, or trapped as a Diels-Alder adduct in one-pot. The rapid assembly of molecular complexity demonstrated in these reactions highlights the potential of the strain-release-driven spirocyclization strategy to be utilized in the synthesis of medicinally relevant scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper L. Tyler
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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49
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Tang W, Yan DY, Liang KC, Su M, Liu F. Radical-mediated alkene carboamination/dearomatization of arylsulfonyl- o-allylanilines via photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A mild and redox-neutral protocol is developed for the synthesis of 1,4-cyclohexadiene-containing indoline-fused heterocycles via photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan-Yang Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Cheng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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50
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Dearomative spirocyclization via visible-light-induced reductive hydroarylation of non-activated arenes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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