1
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Ma X, Wang S, Tang Z, Huang J, Jia T, Zhao X, Zhao D. Visible light-induced Mallory reaction of tertiary benzanilides via iminium intermediates. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03907f. [PMID: 39364068 PMCID: PMC11446310 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03907f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mallory reaction, which involves the photocyclization of stilbenes/diarylethenes and their analogues into polycyclic aromatics, is of significant synthetic importance. However, its application to tertiary benzanilides has not been explored to date. Besides, most of the reported Mallory reactions require ultraviolet irradiation. In this study, we show the first Mallory reaction of tertiary benzanilides promoted by visible light via iminium intermediates formed in situ from tertiary benzanilide, Tf2O (triflic anhydride) and pyridine. UV/vis absorption spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the formation of the iminium intermediate decreased the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, thereby enhancing visible light absorption. This study provides a rapid and practical approach for the preparation of the phenanthridinone skeleton and provides a new idea for the design of new visible light photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Si Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhanyong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jialin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Tianhao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xingda Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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2
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Tseliou V, Kqiku L, Berger M, Schiel F, Zhou H, Poelarends GJ, Melchiorre P. Stereospecific radical coupling with a non-natural photodecarboxylase. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-08004-9. [PMID: 39255850 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Photoenzymes are light-powered biocatalysts that typically rely on the excitation of cofactors or unnatural amino acids for their catalytic activities1,2. A notable natural example is the fatty acid photodecarboxylase, which uses light energy to convert aliphatic carboxylic acids to achiral hydrocarbons3. Here we report a method for the design of a non-natural photodecarboxylase based on the excitation of enzyme-bound catalytic intermediates, rather than reliance on cofactor excitation4. Iminium ions5, transiently generated from enals within the active site of an engineered class I aldolase6, can absorb violet light and function as single-electron oxidants. Activation of chiral carboxylic acids, followed by decarboxylation, generates two radicals that undergo stereospecific cross-coupling, yielding products with two stereocentres. Using the appropriate enantiopure chiral substrate, the desired diastereoisomeric product is selectively obtained with complete enantiocontrol. This finding underscores the ability of the active site to transfer stereochemical information from the chiral radical precursor into the product, effectively addressing the long-standing problem of rapid racemization of chiral radicals. The resulting 'memory of chirality' scenario7 is a rarity in enantioselective radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tseliou
- ICIQ, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Kqiku
- ICIQ, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Martin Berger
- ICIQ, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Florian Schiel
- ICIQ, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hangyu Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- Department of Industrial Chemistry 'Toso Montanari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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3
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Zhang Z, Dai L. Construction of axially chiral molecules enabled by photoinduced enantioselective reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12636-12643. [PMID: 39148771 PMCID: PMC11323314 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Axially chiral molecular scaffolds are widely found in pharmaceutical molecules, functionalized materials, and chiral ligands. The synthesis of these compounds has garnered considerable interest from both academia and industry. The construction of such molecules, enabled by transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis under thermodynamic conditions, has been extensively studied and well-reviewed. In recent years, photoinduced enantioselective reactions have emerged as powerful methods for the catalytic construction of axial chirality. In this review, we provide an overview of various synthetic strategies for the photoinduced construction of axial chirality, with a specific focus on reaction design and catalytic mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of current methods and highlight future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Lei Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
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4
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Hu C, Tsien J, Chen SJ, Kong M, Merchant RR, Kanda Y, Qin T. A General Three-Component Alkyl Petasis Boron-Mannich Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21769-21777. [PMID: 39072677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Aryl amines are one of the most common moieties in biologically active molecules, and approximately 37% of drug candidates contain aromatic amines. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry, coined "escaping from flatland", have led to a greater focus on accessing highly functionalized C (sp3)-rich amines to improve the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds. This article presents a modular and operationally straightforward three-component alkyl Petasis boron-Mannich (APBM) reaction that utilizes ubiquitous starting materials, including amines, aldehydes, and alkyl boronates. By adaptation of this transformation to high-throughput experimentation (HTE), it offers rapid access to an array of diverse C(sp3)-rich complex amines, amenable for rapid identification of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - May Kong
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuzuru Kanda
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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5
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Mazzarella D, Qi C, Vanzella M, Sartorel A, Pelosi G, Dell'Amico L. Electrochemical Asymmetric Radical Functionalization of Aldehydes Enabled by a Redox Shuttle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401361. [PMID: 38623693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Aminocatalysis is a well-established tool that enables the production of enantioenriched compounds under mild conditions. Its versatility is underscored by its seamless integration with various synthetic approaches. While the combination of aminocatalysis with metal catalysis, photochemistry, and stoichiometric oxidants has been extensively explored, its synergy with electrochemical activation remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present the successful merger of electrochemistry and aminocatalysis to perform SOMO-type transformations, expanding the toolkit for asymmetric electrochemical synthesis. The methodology harnesses electricity to drive the oxidation of catalytically generated enamines, which ultimately partake in enantioselective radical processes, leading to α-alkylated aldehydes. Crucially, mechanistic studies highlight how this electrochemical strategy is enabled by the use of a redox shuttle, 4,4'-dimethoxybiphenyl, to prevent catalyst degradation and furnishing the coveted compounds in good yield and high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mazzarella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Chun Qi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Vanzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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6
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Tan Z, Liu Y, Feng X. Photoredox-catalyzed C( sp3)─H radical functionalization to enable asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral alkyl phosphine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9738. [PMID: 38838147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
α-Chiral alkyl phosphines are privileged structural motifs with a wide application in organic and medical synthesis. It is highly desirable to develop stereoselective methods to prepare these enantioenriched molecules. The incorporation of C(sp3)─H functionalization and chiral phosphine chemistry is much less explored, probably because of the weak reactivity of C(sp3)─H bonds and/or the challenging site- and stereoselectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a synergistic catalysis system to enable an enantioselective radical addition process of α-substituted vinylphosphine oxides. An array of diverse α-chiral alkyl phosphors compounds is smoothly accessed by using the readily available chemicals as the inert C(sp3)─H bond reagent, such as sulfides, amines, alkenes, and toluene derivatives, exerting remarkable chemo-, site-, and enantioselectivity. On the basis of the mechanistic studies, both the C(sp3)─H bond activation and the stereochemistry-determining step are proposed to involve a single-electron transfer/proton transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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7
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Terada M, Yazaki R, Obayashi R, Iwasaki Z, Umemiya S, Kikuchi J. Consecutive π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition promoted by in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium as the photoredox catalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6115-6121. [PMID: 38665511 PMCID: PMC11041276 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition sequence was developed, which utilises in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium cation intermediates as photoredox catalysts and electrophilic substrates to form 1H-isochromene derivatives in good yields in most cases. The key 2-benzopyrylium intermediates were generated through the activation of the alkyne moiety of ortho-carbonyl alkynylbenzene derivatives by such π-Lewis acidic metal catalysts as AgNTf2 and Cu(NTf2)2, and the subsequent intramolecular cyclisation and proto-demetalation using trifluoroacetic acid. Further photo-excitation of the 2-benzopyrylium intermediates facilitated single-electron transfer from a benzyltrimethylsilane derivative as a donor molecule to promote the radical addition of arylmethyl radicals to the 2-benzopyrylium intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ryohei Yazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ren Obayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Zen Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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8
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Lei T, Graf S, Schöll C, Krätzschmar F, Gregori B, Appleson T, Breder A. Asymmetric Photoaerobic Lactonization and Aza-Wacker Cyclization of Alkenes Enabled by Ternary Selenium-Sulfur Multicatalysis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:16240-16248. [PMID: 38125978 PMCID: PMC10729055 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
An adaptable, sulfur-accelerated photoaerobic selenium-π-acid ternary catalyst system for the enantioselective allylic redox functionalization of simple, nondirecting alkenes is reported. In contrast to related photoredox catalytic methods, which largely depend on olefinic substrates with heteroatomic directing groups to unfold high degrees of stereoinduction, the current protocol relies on chiral, spirocyclic selenium-π-acids that covalently bind to the alkene moiety. The performance of this ternary catalytic method is demonstrated in the asymmetric, photoaerobic lactonization and cycloamination of enoic acids and unsaturated sulfonamides, respectively, leading to an averaged enantiomeric ratio (er) of 92:8. Notably, this protocol provides for the first time an asymmetric, catalytic entryway to pharmaceutically relevant 3-pyrroline motifs, which was used as a platform to access a 3,4-dihydroxyproline derivative in only seven steps with a 92:8 er.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Schöll
- Institut Für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Krätzschmar
- Institut Für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gregori
- Institut Für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Appleson
- Institut Für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Breder
- Institut Für Organische
Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Zhang Z, Sui A, Zhang X, Wang X, He X, Zhang B, Wu H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Addition of Electron-Deficient Aryl Alkane Nucleophiles to Enals. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38015566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a protocol for an organocatalyzed asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of aryl alkane nucleophiles with enals under base- and additive-free conditions. A series of allylic building blocks were obtained in 60%-93% yield and 88-99% ee with 20 mol % diphenylprolinol silyl ether as catalyst. This protocol has advantages such as excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity, good tolerance of functionalities, and simple reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Ao Sui
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Bingzhu Zhang
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Haixia Wu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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10
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Abstract
The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old as modern organic chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along the synthesis of small ring systems (pars construens of strain). In the last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal of strain-release reactions (pars destruens of strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic systems that can act as three-dimensional alternatives to (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added an additional dimension to strain-release processes by leveraging the energy of photons to create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents the latest advancements in strain-release photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, and current limitations─the unique chemical architectures that can be produced, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Recently, organic synthesis has seen a renaissance in radical chemistry due to the accessibility of mild methods for radical generation using visible light. While renewed interest in synthetic radical chemistry has been driven by the advent of photoredox catalysis, a resurgence of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photochemistry has also led to many new radical transformations. Similar to photoredox catalysis, EDA photochemistry involves light-promoted single-electron transfer pathways. However, the mechanism of electron transfer in EDA systems is unique wherein the lifetimes of radical intermediates are often shorter due to competitive back-electron transfer. Distinguishing between EDA and photoredox mechanisms can be challenging since they can form identical products. In this perspective, we seek to provide insight on the mechanistic studies which can distinguish between EDA and photoredox manifolds. Additionally, we highlight some key challenges in EDA photochemistry and suggest future goals which could advance the synthetic potential of this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K. Wortman
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Wu Y, Jiang Y, Wang F, Wang B, Chen C. Direct electrophilic and radical isoperfluoropropylation with i-C 3F 7-Iodine(III) reagent (PFPI reagent). Commun Chem 2023; 6:177. [PMID: 37620542 PMCID: PMC10449889 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The isoperfluoropropyl group (i-C3F7) is an emerging motif in pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals and functional materials. However, isoperfluoropropylated compounds remain largely underexplored, presumably due to the lack of efficient access to these compounds. Herein, we disclose the practical and efficient isoperfluoropropylation of aromatic C-H bonds through the invention of a hypervalent-iodine-based reagent-PFPI reagent, that proceeds via a Ag-X coupling process. The activation of the PFPI reagent without any catalysts or additives was demonstrated in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated electron-rich heterocycles, while its activity under photoredox catalysis was shown in the synthesis of isoperfluoropropylated non-activated arenes. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations revealed a SET-induced concerted mechanistic pathway in the photoredox reactions. In addition, the unique conformation of i-C3F7 in products, that involved intramolecular hydrogen bond was investigated by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and variable-temperature NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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13
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Lepori M, Schmid S, Barham JP. Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1055-1145. [PMID: 37533877 PMCID: PMC10390843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lepori
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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14
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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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15
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Treacy SM, Vaz DR, Noman S, Tard C, Rovis T. Coupling of α-bromoamides and unactivated alkenes to form γ-lactams through EDA and photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1569-1574. [PMID: 36794189 PMCID: PMC9906710 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05973h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Lactams are prevalent in small-molecule pharmaceuticals and provide useful precursors to highly substituted pyrrolidines. Despite numerous methods for the synthesis of this valuable motif, previous redox approaches to γ-lactam synthesis from α-haloamides and olefins require additional electron withdrawing functionality as well as N-aryl substitution to promote electrophilicity of the intermediate radical and prevent competitive O-nucleophilicity about the amide. Using α-bromo imides and α-olefins, our strategy enables the synthesis of monosubstituted protected γ-lactams in a formal [3 + 2] fashion. These species are poised for further derivatization into more complex heterocyclic scaffolds, complementing existing methods. C-Br bond scission occurs through two complementary approaches, the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between the bromoimide and a nitrogenous base which undergoes photoinduced electron transfer, or triplet sensitization with photocatalyst, to furnish an electrophilic carbon-centered radical. The addition of Lewis acids allows for further increased electrophilicity of the intermediate carbon-centered radical, enabling tertiary substituted α-Br-imides to be used as coupling partners as well as internal olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Treacy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Daniel R. Vaz
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Syed Noman
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Cédric Tard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
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16
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Zhang F, Wei Z, Wu W, Liu N, Li X, Zou L, Wang K, Xu J, Fan B. Photocatalyst-free visible light driven synthesis of gem-dihaloenones from alkynes, tetrahalomethanes and water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:719-723. [PMID: 36416357 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01983c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reactions, in particular, processes without photosensitisers, have attracted increased attention due to their green aspect and high economic value and are considered valuable tools in organic synthesis. A new practical photocatalytic system was investigated in this study, and it can efficiently produce gem-dihaloenones by combining terminal alkynes with tetrahalomethanes (BrCCl3 and CBr4) and water without a photocatalyst, and the yield can reach up to 87%. The catalytic system is straightforward, the raw materials are inexpensive and easy to obtain, and the operation is simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Zhang
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Zixiang Wei
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Na Liu
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Xinhan Li
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Luqian Zou
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Kaiming Wang
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China.
| | - Jianbin Xu
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
| | - Baomin Fan
- School of chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunmin 650504, China. .,Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China
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17
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Sherborne GJ, Kemmitt P, Prentice C, Zysman-Colman E, Smith AD, Fallan C. Visible Light-Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202207829. [PMID: 36342443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 2-vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light-mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene-bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Sherborne
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Callum Prentice
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.,EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry Oncology R&D, Research and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310, Darwin Building, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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18
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Bao Z, Zou J, Mou C, Jin Z, Ren SC, Chi YR. Direct Reaction of Nitroarenes and Thiols via Photodriven Oxygen Atom Transfer for Access to Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:8907-8913. [PMID: 36421405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamide is a common motif in medicines and agrochemicals. Typically, this class of functional groups is prepared by reacting amines with sulfonyl chlorides that are presynthesized from nitro compounds and thiols, respectively. Here, we report a novel strategy that directly couples nitro compounds and thiols to form sulfonamides atom- and redox-economically. Mechanistic studies suggest our reaction proceeds via direct photoexcitation of nitroarenes that eventually transfers the oxygen atoms from the nitro group to the thiol unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shi-Chao Ren
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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19
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Light-induced phosphine-catalyzed asymmetric functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Hou L, Zhou Y, Yu H, Zhan T, Cao W, Feng X. Enantioselective Radical Addition to Ketones through Lewis Acid-Enabled Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22140-22149. [PMID: 36414018 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis opens up a new window for carbonyl chemistry. Despite a multitude of photochemical reactions of carbonyl compounds, visible light-induced catalytic asymmetric transformations remain elusive and pose a formidable challenge. Accordingly, the development of simple, efficient, and economic catalytic systems is the ideal pursuit for chemists. Herein, we report an enantioselective radical photoaddition to ketones through a Lewis acid-enabled photoredox catalysis wherein the in situ formed chiral N,N'-dioxide/Sc(III)-ketone complex serves as a temporary photocatalyst to trigger single-electron transfer oxidation of silanes for the generation of nucleophilic radical species, including primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, giving various enantioenriched aza-heterocycle-based tertiary alcohols in good to excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS) measurements provided favorable evidence for the stereocontrolled radical addition process involved in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Han Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tangyu Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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21
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Li Y, Yang J, Geng X, Tao P, Shen Y, Su Z, Zheng K. Modular Construction of Unnatural α‐Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives by Multicomponent Radical Cross‐Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210755. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Pan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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22
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Mistry S, Kumar R, Lister A, Gaunt MJ. C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) coupling of non-activated alkyl-iodides with electron-deficient alkenes via visible-light/silane-mediated alkyl-radical formation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13241-13247. [PMID: 36425511 PMCID: PMC9667957 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03516b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a remarkably mild and general initiation protocol for alkyl-radical generation from non-activated alkyl-iodides. An interaction between a silane and an alkyl iodide is excited by irradiation with visible light to trigger carbon-iodide bond homolysis and form the alkyl radical. We show how this method can be developed into an operationally simple and general Giese addition reaction that can tolerate a range of sensitive functionalities not normally explored in established approaches to this strategically important transformation. The new method requires no photocatalyst or other additives and uses only commerical tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and visible light to effectively combine a broad range of alkyl halides with activated alkenes to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds embedded within complex frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanesh Mistry
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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23
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208329. [PMID: 35920713 PMCID: PMC9826208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While 2-alk-ω-enyloxy-sustituted benzaldehydes do not display any photochemical reactivity at the arene core, the respective iminium perchlorates were found to undergo efficient reactions either upon direct irradiation (λ=366 nm) or under sensitizing conditions (λ=420 nm, 2.5 mol% thioxanthen-9-one). Three pathways were found: (a) Most commonly, the reaction led to benzoxacyclic products in which the olefin in the tether underwent a formal, yet unprecedented carboformylation (13 examples, 44-99 % yield). The cascade process occurred with high diastereoselectivity and was found to be stereoconvergent. (b) If a substituent resides in the 3-position of the benzene ring, a meta photocycloaddition was observed which produced tetracyclic skeletons with five stereogenic centers in excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity (2 examples, 58-79 % yield). (c) If the tether was internally substituted at the alkene, an arene photocycloaddition was avoided and an azetidine was formed in an aza Paternò-Büchi reaction (2 examples, 95-98 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
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24
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Tang Z, Mo K, Ma X, Huang J, Zhao D. para
‐Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzamide Derivatives via Iminium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208089. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ke Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jialin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Depeng Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China
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25
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Del Vecchio A, Sinibaldi A, Nori V, Giorgianni G, Di Carmine G, Pesciaioli F. Synergistic Strategies in Aminocatalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200818. [PMID: 35666172 PMCID: PMC9539941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic catalysis offers the unique possibility of simultaneous activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile in a reaction. A requirement for this strategy is the stability of the active species towards the reaction conditions and the two concerted catalytic cycles. Since the beginning of the century, aminocatalysis has been established as a platform for the stereoselective activation of carbonyl compounds through HOMO-raising or LUMO-lowering. The burgeoning era of aminocatalysis has been driven by a deep understanding of these activation and stereoinduction modes, thanks to the introduction of versatile and privileged chiral amines. The aim of this review is to cover recent developments in synergistic strategies involving aminocatalysis in combination with organo-, metal-, photo-, and electro-catalysis, focusing on the evolution of privileged aminocatalysts architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Arianna Sinibaldi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Valeria Nori
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Giuliana Giorgianni
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences Università degli Studi di FerraraVia Fossato di Mortara 1744121FerraraItaly
| | - Fabio Pesciaioli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences Università degli Studidell'Aquilavia Vetoio67100L'AquilaItaly
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26
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He FS, Zhang C, Jiang M, Lou L, Wu J, Ye S. Access to chiral β-sulfonyl carbonyl compounds via photoinduced organocatalytic asymmetric radical sulfonylation with sulfur dioxide. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8834-8839. [PMID: 35975150 PMCID: PMC9350669 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An organocatalytic enantioselective radical reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, DABCO·(SO2)2 and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under photoinduced conditions is developed, which provides an efficient pathway for the synthesis of chiral β-sulfonyl carbonyl compounds in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). Aside from α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with auxiliary groups, common chalcone substrates are also well compatible with this organocatalytic system. This method proceeds through an organocatalytic enantioselective radical sulfonylation under photoinduced conditions, and represents a rare example of asymmetric transformation involving sulfur dioxide insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng He
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Minghui Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Lujun Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Shengqing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
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27
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching GERMANY
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28
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Hartley WC, Schiel F, Ermini E, Melchiorre P. Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Pyrrolidinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204735. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will C. Hartley
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | | | - Elena Ermini
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA— Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- ICIQ—Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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29
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Zhao D, Tang Z, Mo K, Ma X, Huang J. para‐Selective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzamide Derivatives via Iminium Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Waihuan East Road 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Zhanyong Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wai-Huan east roadNo. 132 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Ke Mo
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences WaiHuan east roadNo 132 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Xiaoqiang Ma
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Waihuan east roadNo. 132 Guangzhou CHINA
| | - Jialin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Waihuan east roadNo. 132 Guangzhou CHINA
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30
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Zhang Y, Yuan J, Huang G, Yu H, Liu J, Chen J, Meng S, Zhong JJ, Dang L, Yu GA, Che CM. Direct visible-light-induced synthesis of P-stereogenic phosphine oxides under air conditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6519-6524. [PMID: 35756532 PMCID: PMC9172294 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, visible-light-induced transformations have been regarded as being among the most environmentally benign and powerful strategies for constructing complex molecules and diverse synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis. However, the development of efficient photochemical processes for assembling enantiomerically pure molecules remains a significant challenge. Herein, we describe a simple and efficient visible-light-induced C-P bond forming reaction for the synthesis of P-chiral heteroaryl phosphine oxides in moderate to high yields with excellent ee values (97-99% ee). Even in the absence of transition metal or photoredox catalysts, a variety of P-chiral heteroaryl phosphine oxides, including chiral diphosphine oxide 41, have been directly obtained under air conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that the reaction involves intersystem crossing and single electron transfer to give a diradical intermediate under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Guanglong Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Sixuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, and Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
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31
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Song X, Zhang J, Wu YX, Ouyang Q, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric Formal Nucleophilic o-Cresolylation with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates of 2-Cyclohexenones via Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9564-9569. [PMID: 35623059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we report an asymmetric formal nucleophilic o-cresolylation reaction with the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates from 2-cyclohexanones and diverse aldehydes under palladium catalysis, by in situ generation of electron-neutral and HOMO-raised η2-Pd(0)-dienone complexes via an oxidative insertion/π-σ-isomerization/β-H elimination activation sequence. The subsequent umpolung vinylogous addition to a variety of imines is realized upon Pd(0)-mediated π-Lewis base catalysis, finally furnishing o-cresolylated products followed by another cascade of a π-σ-isomerization/β-H elimination/aromatization process. Moderate to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity are achieved for substantial substrate assemblies by employing a newly designed bulky chiral phosphonamidite ligand, and the resultant multifunctional products can be facilely elaborated to access diverse enantioenriched architectures. In addition, the catalytic reaction pathway is finely illuminated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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32
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Huang CY, Li J, Li CJ. Photocatalytic C(sp 3) radical generation via C-H, C-C, and C-X bond cleavage. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5465-5504. [PMID: 35694342 PMCID: PMC9116372 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility. This review collects some of the most recent advancements in photocatalytic R˙ generation and highlights representative examples in this field. Based on the key bond cleavages that generate R˙, these contributions are divided into C–H, C–C, and C–X bond cleavages. A general mechanistic scenario and key R˙-forming steps are presented and discussed in each section. C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street W. Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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33
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Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydroaminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200105. [PMID: 35170841 PMCID: PMC9314026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of alkenes have emerged as a powerful method for the construction of alkyl amines. Although there are some studies aiming at stereoselective photocatalytic HAA reactions, the alkenes are limited to electrophilic alkenes. Herein, we report a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective HAA of electron-rich dienol ethers and α-amino radicals derived from α-amino acids using a unified photoredox and palladium catalytic system. This decarboxylative 1,2-Markovnikov addition enables the construction of vicinal amino tertiary ethers with high levels of regio- (up to >19 : 1 rr), diastereo- (up to >19 : 1 dr), and enantioselectivity control (up to >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies support a reversible hydropalladation as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
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34
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Guo F, Wang H, Ye X, Tan CH. Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Guo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Hong Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science CHINA
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science 18 Chaowang Road 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences SINGAPORE
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35
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Hartley WC, Schiel F, Ermini E, Melchiorre P. Lewis Base‐Catalysed Enantioselective Radical Conjugate Addition for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Pyrrolidinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will C. Hartley
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Florian Schiel
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica Iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Elena Ermini
- ICIQ: Institut Catala d'Investigacio Quimica iciq 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) ICIQ Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona SPAIN
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36
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Uchikura T, Kamiyama N, Mouri T, Akiyama T. Visible-Light-Driven Enantioselective Radical Addition to Imines Enabled by the Excitation of a Chiral Phosphoric Acid–Imine Complex. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Nanami Kamiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mouri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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37
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Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydro‐aminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Pho‐toredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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38
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Zhang J, Qiu X, Zhang X, Han J, Zhang B, Long C, Shi Y, Yang Z, Zhao W, Tang Z. Metal-organic frameworks enable regio- and stereo-selective functionalization of aldehydes and ketones. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Wong THF, Ma D, Di Sanza R, Melchiorre P. Photoredox Organocatalysis for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,7-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:1695-1699. [PMID: 35199526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe an asymmetric organocatalytic method to synthesize 1,7-dicarbonyl compounds containing a β-stereocenter. The chemistry relies on the formation of γ-keto radicals, generated upon oxidative ring opening of cyclobutanols mastered by an organic photoredox catalyst. These nonstabilized primary radicals are stereoselectively intercepted by an iminium ion intermediate, formed upon activation of aliphatic and aromatic enals by a chiral secondary amine catalyst. This organocatalytic photoredox method served to prepare scaffolds found in natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hin-Fung Wong
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dengke Ma
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Di Sanza
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA - Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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40
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Kuhlmann JH, Uygur M, García Mancheño O. Protodesilylation of Arylsilanes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:1689-1694. [PMID: 35196013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first visible-light-mediated photocatalytic, metal- and base-free protodesilylation of arylsilanes is presented. The C(sp2)-Si bond cleavage process is catalyzed by a 5 mol % loading of a commercially available acridinium salt upon blue-light irradiation. Two simple approaches have been identified employing either aerobic or hydrogen atom transfer cocatalytic conditions, which enable the efficient and selective desilylation of a broad variety of simple and complex arylsilanes under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Kuhlmann
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mustafa Uygur
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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41
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Rodríguez RI, Sicignano M, Alemán J. Fluorinated Sulfinates as Source of Alkyl Radicals in the Photo-Enantiocontrolled β-Functionalization of Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112632. [PMID: 34982505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The generation of sulfonyl radicals has long been known as a flexible strategy in a wide range of different sulfonylative transformations. Meanwhile their use in alkylation processes has been somehow limited due to their inherent difficulty in evolving to less-stable radicals after sulfur dioxide extrusion. Herein we report a convenient strategy that involves gem-difluorinated sulfinates as an "upgrading-mask", allowing these precursors to decompose into their corresponding alkyl radicals. The electron-donor character of sulfinates in the formation of an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex with transient iminium ions is displayed, achieving the first example of a stereocontrolled light-driven insertion of gem-difluoro derivatives into unsaturated aldehydes. This methodology is compatible with flow conditions, maintaining identical levels of enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I Rodríguez
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sicignano
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department, Módulo 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Corcé V, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L. Boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur-based contemporary precursors for the generation of alkyl radicals by single electron transfer and their synthetic utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1470-1510. [PMID: 35113115 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the use of boron, silicon, nitrogen and sulfur derivatives in single-electron transfer reactions for the generation of alkyl radicals are described. Photoredox catalyzed, electrochemistry promoted or thermally-induced oxidative and reductive processes are discussed highlighting their synthetic scope and discussing their mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Corcé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire - 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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43
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Genzink MJ, Kidd JB, Swords WB, Yoon TP. Chiral Photocatalyst Structures in Asymmetric Photochemical Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1654-1716. [PMID: 34606251 PMCID: PMC8792375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis is a major theme of research in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry. The discovery of general strategies for highly enantioselective photochemical reactions, however, has been a relatively recent development, and the variety of photoreactions that can be conducted in a stereocontrolled manner is consequently somewhat limited. Asymmetric photocatalysis is complicated by the short lifetimes and high reactivities characteristic of photogenerated reactive intermediates; the design of catalyst architectures that can provide effective enantiodifferentiating environments for these intermediates while minimizing the participation of uncontrolled racemic background processes has proven to be a key challenge for progress in this field. This review provides a summary of the chiral catalyst structures that have been studied for solution-phase asymmetric photochemistry, including chiral organic sensitizers, inorganic chromophores, and soluble macromolecules. While some of these photocatalysts are derived from privileged catalyst structures that are effective for both ground-state and photochemical transformations, others are structural designs unique to photocatalysis and offer insight into the logic required for highly effective stereocontrolled photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Genzink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jesse B Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tehshik P Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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44
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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45
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Mondal S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Sibi MP, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Enantioselective Radical Reactions Using Chiral Catalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5842-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michèle P. Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
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46
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Rodríguez RI, Sicignano M, Alemán J. Fluorinated Sulfinates as Source of Alkyl Radicals in the Photo‐Enantiocontrolled β‐Functionalization of Enals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I. Rodríguez
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Marina Sicignano
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department Módulo 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
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47
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Yao W, Bergamino EAB, Ngai MY. Asymmetric Photocatalysis Enabled by Chiral Organocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202101292. [PMID: 36204304 PMCID: PMC9531867 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has advanced as a versatile tool in organic synthesis. However, attaining precise stereocontrol in photocatalytic reactions has been a longstanding challenge due to undesired photochemical background reactions and the involvement of highly reactive radicals or radical ion intermediates generated under photocatalytic conditions. To address this problem and expand the synthetic utility of photocatalytic reactions, a number of innovative strategies, including mono- and dual-catalytic approaches, have recently emerged. Of these, exploiting chiral organocatalysis, such as enamine catalysis, iminium-ion catalysis, Brønsted acid/base catalysis, and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, to induce chirality transfer of photocatalytic reactions has been widely explored. This Review aims to provide a current, comprehensive overview of asymmetric photocatalytic reactions enabled by chiral organocatalysts published through June 2021. The substrate scope, advantages, limitations, and proposed reaction mechanisms of each reaction are discussed. This review should serve as a reference for the development of visible-light-induced asymmetric photocatalysis and promote the improvement of the chemical reactivity and stereoselectivity of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | | | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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Louvel D, Souibgui A, Taponard A, Rouillon J, ben Mosbah M, Moussaoui Y, Pilet G, Khrouz L, Monnereau C, Vantourout JC, Tlili A. Tailoring the Reactivity of the Langlois Reagent and Styrenes with Cyanoarenes Organophotocatalysts under Visible‐Light. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Louvel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS–UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Amel Souibgui
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS–UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17ES08) Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax 3029 Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa University of Gafsa Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Alexis Taponard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS–UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean Rouillon
- Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie F-69342 Lyon France
| | - Mongi ben Mosbah
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17ES08) Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax 3029 Tunisia
- Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy (LR21ES15) Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa University of Gafsa Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Younes Moussaoui
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17ES08) Faculty of Sciences of Sfax University of Sfax Sfax 3029 Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa University of Gafsa Gafsa 2112 Tunisia
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), UMR 5615, CNRS, Bâtiment Chevreul Avenue du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne cedex France
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie F-69342 Lyon France
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie F-69342 Lyon France
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS–UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS–UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
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Wang D, Huang H, Zhu X. Development of Anthrazoline Photocatalyst for Promoting Amination and Amidation Reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3529-3532. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties of a series of organophotocatalysts bearing anthrazoline framework, as well as demonstrate their catalytic competencies in promoting C-N bond...
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50
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Tong CL, Xu XH, Qing FL. Regioselective oxidative C–H heptafluoroisopropylation of heteroarenes with heptafluoroisopropyl silver. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective C–H heptafluoroisopropylation of heteroarenes with heptafluoroisopropyl silver provided convenient access to a wide range of CF(CF3)2-containing heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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