1
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Kimijima J, Inagawa A, Miyagawa A, Nasuno E, Uehara N. Probing the interaction between biomolecules under sub-zero temperature conditions by electrophoresis in ice grain boundaries. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342713. [PMID: 38816152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychrophiles can survive under cryogenic conditions because of various biomolecules. These molecules interact with cells, ice crystals, and lipid bilayers to enhance their functionality. Previous studies typically measured these interactions by thawing frozen samples and conducting biological assays at room temperature; however, studying these interactions under cryogenic conditions is crucial. This is because these biomolecules can function at lower temperatures. Therefore, a platform for measuring chemical interactions under sub-zero temperature conditions must be established. RESULTS The chemical interactions between biomolecules under sub-zero temperature conditions were evaluated within ice grain boundaries with a channel-like structure, which circumvents the need for thawing. An aqueous solution of sucrose was frozen within a microfluidic channel, facilitating the formation of freeze-concentrated solutions (FCSs) that functioned as size-tunable electrophoretic fields. Avidin proteins or single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were introduced into the FCS in advance. Probe micro/nanospheres whose surfaces were modified with molecules complementary to the target analytes were introduced into the FCS. If the targets have functionalities under sub-zero temperature conditions, they interact with complementary molecules. The chemical interactions between the target molecules and nanospheres led to the aggregation of the particles. The size tunability of the diameter of the FCS channels enabled the recognition of aggregation levels, which is indicative of interaction reactivity. The avidin-biotin interaction and ssDNA hybridization served as models for chemical interactions, demonstrating interactivity under sub-zero temperature conditions. The results presented herein suggest the potential for in situ measurement of biochemical assays in the frozen state, elucidating the functionality of bio-related macromolecules at or slightly below 0 °C. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first methodology to evaluate chemical interactions under sub-zero temperature conditions without employing the freeze-and-thaw process. This method has the advantage of revealing the chemical interactions only at low temperatures. Therefore, it can be used to screen and evaluate the functionality of cryo-related biomolecules, including cold-shock and antifreeze proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kimijima
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Arinori Inagawa
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Eri Nasuno
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuo Uehara
- School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2, Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
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2
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Klíma M, Celný D, Janek J, Kolafa J. Properties of water and argon clusters developed in supersonic expansions. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:124302. [PMID: 38127374 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using adiabatic molecular dynamics coupled with the fluid dynamics equations, we model nucleation in an expanding beam of water vapor and argon on a microsecond scale. The size distribution of clusters, their temperature, and pickup cross sections in dependence on velocity are investigated and compared to the geometric cross sections and the experiment. The clusters are warmer than the expanding gas because of the time scale of relaxation processes. We also suggest that their translational and rotational kinetic energies are modified due to evaporative cooling. The pickup cross sections determined for the final clusters using molecules of the same kind increase with decreasing velocity, still obeying the (a+bN1/3)2 law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klíma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Celný
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kolafa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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3
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INAGAWA A. Development of Analytical Platforms Utilizing Micro/Nanospaces Generated by Phase Separation of Aqueous Solutions. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Moll CJ, Meister K, Versluis J, Bakker HJ. Freezing of Aqueous Carboxylic Acid Solutions on Ice. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5201-5208. [PMID: 32414235 PMCID: PMC7322724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We study the properties of acetic
acid and propionic acid solutions
at the surface of monocrystalline ice with surface-specific vibrational
sum-frequency generation (VSFG) and heterodyne-detected vibrational
sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (HD-VSFG). When we decrease
the temperature toward the eutectic point of the acid solutions, we
observe the formation of a freeze concentrated solution (FCS) of the
carboxylic acids that is brought about by a freeze-induced phase separation
(FIPS). The freeze concentrated solution freezes on top of the ice
surface as we cool the system below the eutectic point. We find that
for freeze concentrated acetic acid solutions the freezing causes
a strong decrease of the VSFG signal, while for propionic acid an
increase and a blue-shift are observed. This different behavior points
at a distinct difference in molecular-scale behavior when cooling
below the eutectic point. We find that cooling of the propionic acid
solution below the eutectic point leads to the formation of hydrogen-bonded
dimers with an opposite alignment of the carboxylic acid O–H
groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Moll
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Konrad Meister
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands.,Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D 55128, Germany.,University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska 99801, United States
| | - Jan Versluis
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Huib J Bakker
- AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
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5
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Reproducing absorption spectra of pH indicators from RGB values of microscopic images. Talanta 2020; 216:120952. [PMID: 32456926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Absorption spectra of pH indicators in aqueous solutions were reproduced from RGB values of microscopic images utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear algebraic treatments. The reproduction of absorption spectra comprises the following three steps: (1) determining the loading spectra by PCA, (2) determining the conversion matrix from the RGB values to the score vectors, and (3) reproducing the absorption spectra by linear combination of the loading spectra and the score vectors. The reproducibility of the absorption spectra was demonstrated by employing bromothymol blue and methyl red solutions as pH indicators. The reproduced spectra of both indicators were in good agreement with the spectra measured with a conventional spectrophotometer. The pKa values of both indicators calculated from the reproduced spectra are in good agreement with those obtained from the spectrophotometric spectra and the literature values, confirming validity of the reproduction. This approach was applied to measure pH of freeze concentrated solutions in micro drains formed in ice. A change in pH was successfully observed on freezing and was compared with that reported in previous literature. Since this method does not necessitate the use of grating systems, spectral changes can be traced in milliseconds; this elucidates the phenomena occurring in fluctuating fields.
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6
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Arzbacher S, Rahmatian N, Ostermann A, Gasser TM, Loerting T, Petrasch J. Co-deposition of gas hydrates by pressurized thermal evaporation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4266-4275. [PMID: 32044894 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas hydrates are usually synthesized by bringing together a pressurized gas and liquid or solid water. In both cases, the transport of gas or water to the hydrate growth site is hindered once an initial film of hydrate has grown at the water-gas interface. A seemingly forgotten gas-phase technique overcomes this problem by slowly depositing water vapor on a cold surface in the presence of the pressurized guest gas. Despite being used for the synthesis of low-formation-pressure hydrates, it has not yet been tested for hydrates of CO2 and CH4. Moreover, the potential of the technique for the study of hydrate decomposition has not been recognized yet. We employ two advanced implementations of the condensation technique to form hydrates of CO2 and CH4 and demonstrate the applicability of the process for the study of hydrate decomposition and the phenomenon of self-preservation. Our results show that CO2 and CH4 hydrate samples deposited on graphite at 261-265 K are almost pure hydrates with an ice fraction of less than 8%. Rapid depressurization experiments with thin deposits (approx. 330 μm thickness) of CO2 hydrate on an aluminum surface at 265 K yield identical dissociation curves when the deposition is done at identical pressure. However, hydrates deposited at 1 MPa almost completely withstand decomposition after rapid depressurization to 0.1 MPa, while samples deposited at 2 MPa decompose 7 times faster. Therefore, this synthesis technique is not only applicable for the study of hydrate decomposition but can also be used for the controlled deposition of a super-preserved hydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Arzbacher
- illwerke vkw Endowed Professorship for Energy Efficiency, Research Center Energy, Vorarlberg University of Applied Sciences, Hochschulstraße 1, Dornbirn 6850, Austria.
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7
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Imrichová K, Veselý L, Gasser TM, Loerting T, Neděla V, Heger D. Vitrification and increase of basicity in between ice Ihcrystals in rapidly frozen dilute NaCl aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:014503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Imrichová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Veselý
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tobias M. Gasser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Sun CQ, Huang Y, Zhang X. Hydration of Hofmeister ions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 268:1-24. [PMID: 30921543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Water dissolves salt into ions and then hydrates the ions to form an aqueous solution. Hydration of ions deforms the hydrogen bonding network and triggers the solution with what the pure water never shows such as conductivity, molecular diffusivity, thermal stability, surface stress, solubility, and viscosity, having enormous impact to many branches in biochemistry, chemistry, physics, and energy and environmental industry sectors. However, regulations for the solute-solute-solvent interactions are still open for exploration. From the perspective of the screened ionic polarization and O:H-O bond relaxation, this treatise features the recent progress and a perspective in understanding the hydration dynamics of Hofmeister ions in the typical YI, NaX, ZX2, and NaT salt solutions (Y = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; X = F, Cl, Br, I; Z = Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr; T = ClO4, NO3, HSO4, SCN). Phonon spectrometric analysis turned out the f(C) number fraction of bonds transition from the mode of deionized water to the hydrating. The linear f(C) ∝ C form features the invariant hydration volume of small cations that are fully-screened by their hydration H2O dipoles. The nonlinear f(C) ∝ 1 - exp.(-C/C0) form describes that the number insufficiency of the ordered hydrating H2O dipoles partially screens the anions. Molecular anions show stronger yet shorter electric field of dipoles. The screened ionic polarization, inter-solute interaction, and O:H-O bond transition unify the solution conductivity, surface stress, viscosity, and critical energies for phase transition.
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9
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Bogdan A. Ice Clouds: Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Concept versus the Physical Chemistry of Freezing Atmospheric Drops. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7777-7781. [PMID: 30282456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Bogdan
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Department of Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 48, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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10
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Fárník M, Lengyel J. Mass spectrometry of aerosol particle analogues in molecular beam experiments. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:630-651. [PMID: 29178389 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-size particles such as ultrafine aerosol particles, ice nanoparticles, water nanodroplets, etc, play an important, however, not yet fully understood role in the atmospheric chemistry and physics. These species are often composed of water with admixture of other atmospherically relevant molecules. To mimic and investigate such particles in laboratory experiments, mixed water clusters with atmospherically relevant molecules can be generated in molecular beams and studied by various mass spectrometric methods. The present review demonstrates that such experiments can provide unprecedented details of reaction mechanisms, and detailed insight into the photon-, electron-, and ion-induced processes relevant to the atmospheric chemistry. After a brief outline of the molecular beam preparation, cluster properties, and ionization methods, we focus on the mixed clusters with various atmospheric molecules, such as hydrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid clusters, Nx Oy and halogen-containing molecules with water. A special attention is paid to their reactivity and solvent effects of water molecules on the observed processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Nespoulous M, Denoyel R, Antoni M. Microstructure Formation in Freezing Nanosuspension Droplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2714-2719. [PMID: 29733601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution of suspensions upon freezing is studied with optical microscopy in a suspended droplet configuration. Droplets are of millimeter size and consist of an aqueous mixture of silica particles, while the surrounding phase is hexane. Freeze-thaw cycles are applied to this system, and a two-step freezing mechanism is evidenced. A fast adiabatic growth of dendrites that invade the full droplets is first observed and occurs within a few milliseconds. Then, a slow process lasts for several seconds and corresponds to the release of solidification latent heat into the hexane phase. The striking feature of this work is to evidence that after the first freeze-thaw cycle flocculated microstructures are generated. When a second cycle is performed, microstructures further flocculate and generate, for dense silica suspensions, stable porous spheres of the size of the droplets. A phenomenological description based on repulsion or engulfment of particles by solidifying ice fronts is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renaud Denoyel
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, MADIREL UMR 7246 , Marseille , France
| | - Mickaël Antoni
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, MADIREL UMR 7246 , Marseille , France
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12
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Bogdan A, Molina MJ. Physical Chemistry of the Freezing Process of Atmospheric Aqueous Drops. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3109-3116. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Bogdan
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0356, United States
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13
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Morenz KJ, Donaldson DJ. Chemical Morphology of Frozen Mixed Nitrate–Salt Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2166-2171. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Morenz
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
| | - D. James Donaldson
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto ON M5S, Canada
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14
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Hauptmann A, Handle KF, Baloh P, Grothe H, Loerting T. Does the emulsification procedure influence freezing and thawing of aqueous droplets? J Chem Phys 2016; 145:211923. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hauptmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl F. Handle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Baloh
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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The decisive role of free water in determining homogenous ice nucleation behavior of aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26831. [PMID: 27225427 PMCID: PMC4881027 DOI: 10.1038/srep26831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenging issue to quantitatively characterize how the solute and pressure affect the homogeneous ice nucleation in a supercooled solution. By measuring the glass transition behavior of solutions, a universal feature of water-content dependence of glass transition temperature is recognized, which can be used to quantify hydration water in solutions. The amount of free water can then be determined for water-rich solutions, whose mass fraction, Xf, is found to serve as a universal relevant parameter for characterizing the homogeneous ice nucleation temperature, the meting temperature of primary ice, and even the water activity of solutions of electrolytes and smaller organic molecules. Moreover, the effects of hydrated solute and pressure on ice nucleation is comparable, and the pressure, when properly scaled, can be incorporated into the universal parameter Xf. These results help establish the decisive role of free water in determining ice nucleation and other relevant properties of aqueous solutions.
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16
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17
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Price HC, Mattsson J, Zhang Y, Bertram AK, Davies JF, Grayson JW, Martin ST, O'Sullivan D, Reid JP, Rickards AMJ, Murray BJ. Water diffusion in atmospherically relevant α-pinene secondary organic material. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4876-4883. [PMID: 28717493 PMCID: PMC5502394 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00685f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first direct measurements of water diffusion coefficients in secondary organic aerosol.
Secondary organic material (SOM) constitutes a large mass fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles. Understanding its impact on climate and air quality relies on accurate models of interactions with water vapour. Recent research shows that SOM can be highly viscous and can even behave mechanically like a solid, leading to suggestions that particles exist out of equilibrium with water vapour in the atmosphere. In order to quantify any kinetic limitation we need to know water diffusion coefficients for SOM, but this quantity has, until now, only been estimated and has not yet been measured. We have directly measured water diffusion coefficients in the water soluble fraction of α-pinene SOM between 240 and 280 K. Here we show that, although this material can behave mechanically like a solid, at 280 K water diffusion is not kinetically limited on timescales of 1 s for atmospheric-sized particles. However, diffusion slows as temperature decreases. We use our measured data to constrain a Vignes-type parameterisation, which we extend to lower temperatures to show that SOM can take hours to equilibrate with water vapour under very cold conditions. Our modelling for 100 nm particles predicts that under mid- to upper-tropospheric conditions radial inhomogeneities in water content produce a low viscosity surface region and more solid interior, with implications for heterogeneous chemistry and ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Price
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)113-343-9085 ; Tel: +44(0)-0113-343-2887
| | - Johan Mattsson
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - James F Davies
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - James W Grayson
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA.,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA
| | - Daniel O'Sullivan
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)113-343-9085 ; Tel: +44(0)-0113-343-2887
| | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK
| | | | - Benjamin J Murray
- School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK . ; ; Tel: +44-(0)113-343-9085 ; Tel: +44(0)-0113-343-2887
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18
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Visualization of freezing process in situ upon cooling and warming of aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7414. [PMID: 25491562 PMCID: PMC4261172 DOI: 10.1038/srep07414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The freezing of aqueous solutions and reciprocal distribution of ice and a freeze-concentrated solution (FCS) are poorly understood in spite of their importance in fields ranging from biotechnology and life sciences to geophysics and climate change. Using an optical cryo-miscroscope and differential scanning calorimetry, we demonstrate that upon cooling of citric acid and sucrose solutions a fast freezing process results in a continuous ice framework (IF) and two freeze-concentrated solution regions of different concentrations, FCS1 and FCS2. The FCS1 is maximally freeze-concentrated and interweaves with IF. The less concentrated FCS2 envelops the entire IF/FCS1. We find that upon further cooling, the FCS1 transforms to glass, whereas the slow freezing of FCS2 continues until it is terminated by a FCS2-glass transition. We observe the resumed slow freezing of FCS2 upon subsequent warming. The net thermal effect of the resumed freezing and a reverse glass-FCS1 transition produces the Ttr2-transition which before has only been observed upon warming of frozen hydrocarbon solutions and which nature has remained misunderstood for decades.
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19
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Bogdan A, Loerting T. Phase separation during freezing upon warming of aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:18C533. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4898379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bogdan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Hudait A, Molinero V. Ice Crystallization in Ultrafine Water–Salt Aerosols: Nucleation, Ice-Solution Equilibrium, and Internal Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8081-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503311r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpa Hudait
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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21
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Anzo K, Harada M, Okada T. Enhanced kinetics of pseudo first-order hydrolysis in liquid phase coexistent with ice. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10619-25. [PMID: 24063609 DOI: 10.1021/jp409126p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reaction rate of the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) is several times larger in the frozen state than that in the unfrozen solution of the same composition at the same temperature. The freeze concentration of reactants in the liquid phase expelled form ice crystals cannot explain the kinetic enhancement of pseudo first order reactions such as the FDA hydrolysis. However, the reaction rate increases as the freeze concentration ratio becomes larger at a constant temperature. Direct pH measurements have revealed that the basicity of the liquid phase is unchanged at any concentration ratio, suggesting that the reactivity enhancement is not caused by increased basicity. The reaction rate enhancement is clearly related to the size of the space in which the liquid phase is confined upon freezing. The ice wall itself or the water structure formed near the wall should thus be responsible for this kinetic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Anzo
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Bogdan A, Loerting T. Comment on “Experimental evidence for excess entropy discontinuities in glass-forming solutions” [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 074515 (2012)]. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:047101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4812929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Solution coating around ice particles of incipient cirrus clouds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E2439. [PMID: 23661055 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304471110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lengyel J, Kočišek J, Poterya V, Pysanenko A, Svrčková P, Fárník M, Zaouris DK, Fedor J. Uptake of atmospheric molecules by ice nanoparticles: Pickup cross sections. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:034304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4733987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bogdan A, Molina MJ, Tenhu H, Mayer E, Bertel E, Loerting T. Different freezing behavior of millimeter- and micrometer-scaled (NH₄)₂SO₄/H₂O droplets. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2011; 23:035103. [PMID: 21406858 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/3/035103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the freezing of aqueous solutions is important for nature and different branches of science and freeze-applications, our understanding of the freezing process is not complete. For example, numerous measurements of micrometer-scaled (NH(4))(2)SO(4)/H(2)O droplets report one freezing event below the eutectic point. However, measurements of larger millimeter-scaled droplets reveal two freezing events: the freezing out of ice and subsequent freezing of a residual freeze-concentrated solution. To resolve this apparent contradiction we performed numerous calorimetric measurements which indicate that the freezing of a residual solution of millimeter-scaled 5-38 wt% (NH(4))(2)SO(4) droplets occurs mainly between ∼ 210 and 225 K. We also find that micrometer-scaled droplets produce one freezing event which is within or in the vicinity of the ∼ 210-225 K region. This fact and the analysis of thermograms suggest that the residual solution of micrometer-scaled droplets may partly crystallize simultaneously with ice and partly transform to glass at T(g)≈172 K. Our results suggest for the first time that the size of (NH(4))(2)SO(4)/H(2)O droplets may affect the number of freezing events below the eutectic point.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bogdan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Parent P, Lasne J, Marcotte G, Laffon C. HCl adsorption on ice at low temperature: a combined X-ray absorption, photoemission and infrared study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7142-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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