1
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Chatterjee S, Jana P, Mahato S, Bandyopadhyay S. Light-induced reversible switching of generation and extinction of an organic radical anion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22472-22478. [PMID: 39145399 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02810d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Radicals play a crucial role across various domains, ranging from serving as catalysts in chemical reactions to materials for spintronic applications. Currently, a major challenge for the chemists is the development of the next generation of organic radicals controllable by photons. To tackle this challenge, here we introduce a dyad system that combines a dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) photochromic unit with a naphthalene diimide (NDI) moiety. This system forms a stable organic NDI-based radical-anion upon exposure to light in a solvent containing a small amount of an amine that acts as an electron donor. The radical anion formation has also been demonstrated with a chemical reductant. The photoisomerization of this photochromic system converts it into a less-conjugated and less-electron-rich form, affecting the generation of the radical as well as its stability. Consequently, light-induced isomerization effectively quenches the radical. Thus, the formation and existence of the radical can be adjusted by manipulating the photoisomerization of the photochromic unit under diverse light sources. Additionally, the system exhibits significant differences in emission in the radical and the closed-shell state, thereby offering a dual readout of the state of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelbhadra Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Palash Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Samyadeb Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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2
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Shi Q, Zhang Z, Liu S. Precision Sequence-Defined Polymers: From Sequencing to Biological Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313370. [PMID: 37875462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Precise sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) with uniform chain-to-chain structure including chain length, unit sequence, and end functionalities represent the pinnacle of sophistication in the realm of polymer science. For example, the absolute control over the unit sequence of SDPs allows for the bottom-up design of polymers with hierarchical microstructures and functions. Accompanied with the development of synthetic techniques towards precision SDPs, the decoding of SDP sequences and construction of advanced functions irreplaceable by other synthetic materials is of central importance. In this Minireview, we focus on recent advances in SDP sequencing techniques including tandem mass spectrometry (MS), chemically assisted primary MS, as well as other non-destructive sequencing methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and nanopore sequencing. Additionally, we delve into the promising prospects of SDP functions in the area of cutting-edge biological research. Topics of exploration include gene delivery systems, the development of hybrid materials combining SDPs and nucleic acids, protein recognition and regulation, as well as the interplay between chirality and biological functions. A brief outlook towards the future directions of SDPs is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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3
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Lee H, Lee D. Assembling Molecular Clips To Build π-Stacks. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302523. [PMID: 37658276 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Nature utilizes an intimate stacking of aromatic motifs to construct functional structures, as demonstrated in protein folding and polynucleotide assembly. However, organized π-stacks of artificial molecules are difficult to build, primarily due to the weak, non-directional, and context-sensitive nature of van der Waals forces. To overcome these challenges, chemists have invented ingenious architectural designs to construct π-stacked supramolecular assemblies using clip-like molecules. This Concept article focuses on molecular clips that enable precise spatial control over assembly patterns, beyond the scope of simple host-guest chemistry. Different design strategies are analyzed and compared that leverage non-covalent interactions to create multi-layer π-stacks. Particular emphasis is placed on the choice of spine units as they play a crucial role in controlling the (i) spacing, (ii) orientation, and (iii) conformational pre-organization of linked aromatics to achieve long-range spatial ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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4
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Molecular Tetris by sequence-specific stacking of hydrogen bonding molecular clips. Commun Chem 2022; 5:180. [PMID: 36697760 PMCID: PMC9814962 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A face-to-face stacking of aromatic rings is an effective non-covalent strategy to build functional architectures, as elegantly exemplified with protein folding and polynucleotide assembly. However, weak, non-directional, and context-sensitive van der Waals forces pose a significant challenge if one wishes to construct well-organized π-stacks outside the confines of the biological matrix. To meet this design challenge, we have devised a rigid polycyclic template to create a non-collapsible void between two parallel oriented π-faces. In solution, these shape-persistent aromatic clips self-dimerize to form quadruple π-stacks, the thermodynamic stability of which is enhanced by self-complementary N-H···N hydrogen bonds, and finely regulated by the regioisomerism of the π-canopy unit. With assistance from sufficient electrostatic polarization of the π-surface and bifurcated hydrogen bonds, a small polyheterocyclic guest can effectively compete against the self-dimerization of the host to afford a triple π-stack inclusion complex. A combination of solution spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and computational studies aided a detailed understanding of this cooperative vs competitive process to afford layered aromatics with extraordinary structural regularity and fidelity.
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5
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Lizak A, Szweda R. Czy plastik może rozpocząć nową erę w archiwizacji danych? ARCHEION 2022. [DOI: 10.4467/26581264arc.22.014.16667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, many aspects of our lives are undergoing a digital transformation. An increasing number of users are going online every year, and constantly improving artificial intelligence is gaining popularity, which leads to the growing production of information. Nowadays, information is usually stored in data centres, which will be forced to increase their space with the constant flow of new bits of information. Together with the increase in their space, energy consumption and associated maintenance costs are escalating. In 2021, global data centre power consumption was 220–320 TWh, which is about 0.9–1.3% of global power consumption. Continuous power supply for database operations is responsible for about 1% of total carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, it has already been reported that with the exponentially growing amount of data, in about 20 years, the amount of silicon for microprocessors will no longer be sufficient to store all the information. Therefore, scientists are looking for alternatives to the currently used data storage solutions and are developing new technologies using chemical molecules. Recently, even plastic has been explored as a data carrier. In this work, we present examples of new technologies for data storage in polymers. We have discussed polymers as data carriers in comparison with currently used solutions and deliberated whether plastic can become a future material for information archiving.
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6
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Lee J, Jang H, Lee SW, Kim KT. Nondestructive Sequencing of Enantiopure Oligoesters by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. JACS AU 2022; 2:2108-2118. [PMID: 36186555 PMCID: PMC9516704 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-defined synthetic oligomers and polymers are promising molecular media for permanently storing digital information. However, the information decoding process relies on degradative sequencing methods such as mass spectrometry, which consumes the information-storing polymers upon decoding. Here, we demonstrate the nondestructive decoding of sequence-defined oligomers of enantiopure α-hydroxy acids, oligo(l-mandelic-co-d-phenyl lactic acid)s (oMPs), and oligo(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)s (oLGs) by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We were able to nondestructively decode a bitmap image (192 bits) encoded using a library of 12 equimolar mixtures of an 8-bit-storing oMP and oLG, synthesized through semiautomated flow chemistry in less than 1% of the reaction time required for the repetition of conventional batch reactions. Our results highlight the potential of bundles of sequence-defined oligomers as efficient media for encoding and decoding large-scale information based on the automation of their synthesis and nondestructive sequencing processes.
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7
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Cleavable epoxy networks using azomethine-bearing amine hardeners. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Wong EKH, Chan MHY, Tang WK, Leung MY, Yam VWW. Molecular Alignment of Alkynylplatinum(II) 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine Double Complex Salts and the Formation of Well-Ordered Nanostructures Directed by Pt···Pt and Donor-Acceptor Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5424-5434. [PMID: 35302371 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new class of alkynylplatinum(II) bzimpy (bzimpy = bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine) double complex salts (DCSs) containing dialkoxynaphthalene or pyromellitic diimide moieties on the alkynyl ligand has been reported to display distinct morphological properties compared to their precursor alkynylplatinum(II) complexes, with the capability of being aligned by the directional Pt···Pt and/or π-π stacking interactions. The incorporation of donor and acceptor units on the alkynyl ligands has been found to significantly perturb the alignment of the oppositely charged complex ions in the DCSs to stack in a twisted head-to-head manner, attributed to the additional driving forces of electrostatic and donor-acceptor interactions. The modulation of the Pt···Pt distances and the extent of aggregate formation have been demonstrated by altering the charge matching between the platinum(II) bzimpy moieties and the donor or acceptor moieties on the alkynyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ka-Ho Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Wai Kit Tang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yi Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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9
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Associated dimeric structures of molecular tweezers bearing naphthalimide and adamantane units in the solid state. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Jang HJ, Lee S, An BJ, Song G, Jeon HG, Jeong KS. Tweezer-type binding cavity formed by the helical folding of a carbazole-pyridine oligomer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1410-1413. [PMID: 34994755 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06569f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesised a new aromatic foldamer based on the carbazole-pyridine oligomers that adopt helical conformations via dipole-dipole interactions and π-stacking between two ethynyl bond-linked monomers. This foldamer scaffold has been further modified into a synthetic receptor with a tweezer-type binding cavity outside the helical backbone upon folding, in contrast to most aromatic foldamers with internal binding cavities. The tweezer-type cavity is composed of two parallel pyrenyl planes, allowing for the intercalation of a naphthalenediimide guest via π-stacking and CH⋯O interactions, as demonstrated using its 1H NMR spectra and X-ray crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Jun An
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geunmoo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Geun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mejia G, Wang Y, Huang Z, Shi Q, Zhang Z. Maleimide Chemistry: Enabling the Precision Polymer Synthesis. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glauber Mejia
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Qiunan Shi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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12
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Sequence modification in copoly(ester-imide)s: a catalytic/supramolecular approach to the evolution and reading of copolymer sequence information. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCatalytic ester-interchange reactions, analogous to mutation and recombination, allow new sequence information to be written statistically into poly(ester-imide) chains based on NDI (1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide) units. Thus, both the insertion of the cyclic ester cyclopentadecanolide (“exaltolide”) into an NDI-based homopolymer and quantitative sequence exchange between two different homopoly(ester-imide)s are catalyzed by di-n-butyl tin(IV) oxide. Emerging sequences are identified at the triplet and quintet levels using supramolecular complexation of pyrene-d10 at the NDI residues to amplify the separation of 1H NMR resonances associated with different sequences. In such systems, pyrene is able to act as a “reader molecule” by generating different levels of ring-current shielding from the different patterns of supramolecular binding to all NDI-centered sequences of a given length.
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13
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Gallagher JF, Mocilac P. Pockets and channels in tennimide solvate structures: Influence of solvent on crystal packing behaviour. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Hisamatsu Y, Otani K, Takase H, Umezawa N, Higuchi T. Fluorescence Response and Self-Assembly of a Tweezer-Type Synthetic Receptor Triggered by Complexation with Heme and Its Catabolites. Chemistry 2021; 27:6489-6499. [PMID: 33026121 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the development and applications of synthetic receptors that recognize target biomolecules in aqueous media. We have developed a new tweezer-type synthetic receptor that gives a significant fluorescence response upon complexation with heme in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. The synthetic receptor consists of a tweezer-type heme recognition site and sulfo-Cy5 as a hydrophilic fluorophore. The receptor-heme complex exhibits a supramolecular amphiphilic character that facilitates the formation of self-assembled aggregates, and both the tweezer moiety and the sulfo-Cy5 moiety are important for this property. The synthetic receptor also exhibits significant fluorescence responses to biliverdin and bilirubin, but shows very weak fluorescence responses to flavin mononucleotide, folic acid, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which contain smaller π-scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koki Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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15
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Knappert M, Jin T, Midgley SD, Wu G, Scherman OA, Grau-Crespo R, Colquhoun HM. Single-site binding of pyrene to poly(ester-imide)s incorporating long spacer-units: prediction of NMR resonance-patterns from a fractal model. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12165-12177. [PMID: 34123224 PMCID: PMC8162740 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03730c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-polycondensation of the diimide-based diols N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexafluoroisopropylidene-diphthalimide, (HFDI), and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-ethyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic-diimide, (NDI), with aliphatic diacyl chlorides ClOC(CH2)xCOCl (x = 5 to 8) affords linear copoly(ester-imide)s. Such copolymers interact with pyrene via supramolecular binding of the polycyclic aromatic at NDI residues. This interaction results in upfield complexation shifts and sequence-related splittings of the NDI 1H NMR resonances, but gives a very different final resonance-pattern from the copolymer where x = 2. Computational modelling of the polymer with x = 5 suggests that each pyrene molecule binds to just a single NDI residue rather than by intercalation between a pair of NDI's at a tight chain-fold, as was found for x = 2. The new single-site binding model enables the pattern of 1H NMR resonances for copolymers with longer spacers (x = 5 to 8) to be reproduced and assigned by simulation from sequence-specific shielding factors based on a type of fractal known as the last-fraction Cantor set. As this type of fractal also enables an understanding of pairwise binding systems, it evidently provides a general numerical framework for supramolecular sequence-analysis in binary copolymers. Nine 1H NMR resonances assignable to specific copoly(ester-imide) sequences identified from a fractal model result from 1 : 1 supramolecular binding of pyrene to NDI residues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Knappert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Tianqi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Scott D Midgley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Howard M Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD UK
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16
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Zhang H, Hua D, Huang C, Samal SK, Xiong R, Sauvage F, Braeckmans K, Remaut K, De Smedt SC. Materials and Technologies to Combat Counterfeiting of Pharmaceuticals: Current and Future Problem Tackling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905486. [PMID: 32009266 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The globalization of drug trade leads to the expansion of pharmaceutical counterfeiting. The immense threat of low quality drugs to millions of patients is considered to be an under-addressed global health challenge. Analytical authentication technologies are the most effective methods to identify active pharmaceutical ingredients and impurities. However, most of these analytical testing techniques are expensive and need skilled personnel. To combat counterfeiting of drugs, the package of an increasing number of drugs is being protected through advanced package labeling technologies. Though, package labeling is only effective if the drugs are not repackaged. Therefore "in-drug labeling," instead of "drug package labeling," may become powerful tools to protect drugs. This review aims to overview how advanced micro- and nanomaterials might become interesting markers for the labeling of tablets and capsules. Clearly, how well such identifiers can be integrated into "solid drugs" without compromising drug safety and efficacy remains a challenge. Also, incorporation of tags has so far only been reported for the protection of solid drug dosage forms. No doubts that in-drug labeling technologies for "liquid drugs," like injectables which contain expensive peptides, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, dermal fillers, could help to protect them from counterfeiting as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dawei Hua
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Sangram Keshari Samal
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine for Advanced Therapies, Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Center, 751023, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Dong Y, Sun F, Ping Z, Ouyang Q, Qian L. DNA storage: research landscape and future prospects. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1092-1107. [PMID: 34692128 PMCID: PMC8288837 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The global demand for data storage is currently outpacing the world's storage capabilities. DNA, the carrier of natural genetic information, offers a stable, resource- and energy-efficient and sustainable data storage solution. In this review, we summarize the fundamental theory, research history, and technical challenges of DNA storage. From a quantitative perspective, we evaluate the prospect of DNA, and organic polymers in general, as a novel class of data storage medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Dong
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fajia Sun
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi Ping
- Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Long Qian
- Center for Quantitative Biology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Liu B, Shi Q, Hu L, Huang Z, Zhu X, Zhang Z. Engineering digital polymer based on thiol–maleimide Michael coupling toward effective writing and reading. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01939a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on thiol–maleimide Michael coupling, a digital polymer allowing efficient message writing and reading was rationally designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University, Suzhou
- China
| | - Qiunan Shi
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University, Suzhou
- China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Analysis and Testing Center
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Zhihao Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University, Suzhou
- China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University, Suzhou
- China
- Global Institute of Software Technology
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application; College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University, Suzhou
- China
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19
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Mao J, Zhang W, Cheng SZ, Wesdemiotis C. Analysis of monodisperse, sequence-defined, and POSS-functionalized polyester copolymers by MALDI tandem mass spectrometry. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:164-174. [PMID: 30773922 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719828875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse, sequence-defined polymers can be potentially used for digital data storage. This study reports the sequence analysis and differentiation of monodisperse polyester copolymers carrying side chains functionalized in a specific order by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles. Steglich esterification and succinic anhydride ring-opening chemistries were utilized iteratively to synthesize the intended sequences, which were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS2). Isomeric oligomers were readily distinguished based on their different fragmentation patterns. The sequences embedded in the oligomers were decrypted by their specific backbone dissociation pathways. The robustness of using MALDI-MS2 as a sequencing method for monodisperse synthetic macromolecules was assessed and validated by the characterization of longer oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Mao
- 1 Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- 2 Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Zd Cheng
- 2 Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Chrys Wesdemiotis
- 1 Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
- 2 Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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20
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Knappert M, Jin T, Midgley SD, Wu G, Scherman OA, Grau-Crespo R, Colquhoun HM. Supramolecular complexation between chain-folding poly(ester-imide)s and polycyclic aromatics: a fractal-based pattern of NMR ring-current shielding. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01460h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular complexation of pyrene with a chain-folding, NDI-based co-poly(ester-imide) generates a 1H NMR pattern showing fractal-type character.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianqi Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Reading
- Reading
- UK
| | | | - Guanglu Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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21
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Shannon A, Manolakis I. A Facile Route to Bio‐Inspired Supramolecular Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Catecholates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shannon
- School of EngineeringBernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick V94 T9PX Limerick Ireland
| | - Ioannis Manolakis
- Irish Composites CentreSchool of EngineeringBernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick V94 T9PX Limerick Ireland
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22
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23
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Hisamatsu Y, Umezawa N, Yagi H, Kato K, Higuchi T. Design and synthesis of a 4-aminoquinoline-based molecular tweezer that recognizes protoporphyrin IX and iron(iii) protoporphyrin IX and its application as a supramolecular photosensitizer. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7455-7467. [PMID: 30319746 PMCID: PMC6180317 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of a new type of 4-aminoquinoline-based molecular tweezer 1 which forms a stable host-guest complex with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) via multiple interactions in a DMSO and HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) mixed solvent system. The binding constant for the 1 : 1 complex (K 11) between 1 and PPIX is determined to be 4 × 106 M-1. Furthermore, 1 also forms a more stable complex with iron(iii) protoporphyrin IX (Fe(iii)PPIX), the K 11 value for which is one order of magnitude greater than that for PPIX, indicating that 1 could be used as a recognition unit of a synthetic heme sensor. On the other hand, the formation of the stable PPIX·1 complex (supramolecular photosensitizer) prompted us to apply it to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cell staining experiments using the supramolecular photosensitizer and evaluations of its photocytotoxicity indicate that the PDT activity of PPIX is improved as the result of the formation of a complex with 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) , National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji , Okazaki 444-8787 , Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
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24
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Han Y, Tian Y, Li Z, Wang F. Donor-acceptor-type supramolecular polymers on the basis of preorganized molecular tweezers/guest complexation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5165-5176. [PMID: 29774915 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00802c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up self-assembly of donor-acceptor (D-A) units has received tremendous attention in recent years. Charge-transfer interactions, which are inherently embedded in D-A pairs, have suffered from some disadvantages such as erratic arrangements and weak binding affinity, thus hampering the precise arrangement of D-A units into long-range-ordered supramolecular polymers. To address this issue, a feasible protocol is to incorporate D-A units into molecular tweezers/guest recognition motifs, which concurrently feature high complexation directionality, strong binding affinity and stimuli-responsiveness. In this tutorial review, we have summarized the recent advances on the tweezering directed formation of D-A-type supramolecular polymers, with particular emphasis on the design principles of monomers and macroscopic behaviors of supramolecular polymers, together with future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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25
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Chen L, Lim KJC, Babra TS, Taylor JO, PiŽl M, Evans R, Chippindale AM, Hartl F, Colquhoun HM, Greenland BW. A macrocyclic receptor containing two viologen species connected by conjugated terphenyl groups. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5006-5015. [PMID: 29946600 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A macrocyclic receptor molecule containing two viologen species connected by conjugated terphenyl groups has been designed and synthesised. The single-crystal X-ray structure shows that the two viologen residues have a transannular NN separation of ca. 7.4 Å. Thus, the internal cavity dimensions are suitable for the inclusion of π-electron-rich species. The macrocycle is redox active, and can accept electrons from suitable donor species including triethylamine, resulting in a dramatic colour change from pale yellow to dark green as a consequence of the formation of a paramagnetic bis(radical cationic) species. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the macrocycle can undergo two sequential and reversible reduction processes (E1/2 = -0.65 and -0.97 V vs. Fc/Fc+). DFT and TD-DFT studies accurately replicate the structure of the tetracationic macrocycle and the electronic absorption spectra of the three major redox states of the system. These calculations also showed that during electrochemical reduction, the unpaired electron density of the radical cations remained relatively localised within the heterocyclic rings. The ability of the macrocycle to form supramolecular complexes was confirmed by the formation of a pseudorotaxane with a guest molecule containing a π-electron-rich 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene derivative. Threading and dethreading of the pseudorotaxane was fast on the NMR timescale, and the complex exhibited an association constant of 150 M-1 (±30 M-1) as calculated from 1H NMR titration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.
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26
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Shaw JS, Vaiyapuri R, Parker MP, Murray CA, Lim KJC, Pan C, Knappert M, Cardin CJ, Greenland BW, Grau-Crespo R, Colquhoun HM. Elements of fractal geometry in the 1H NMR spectrum of a copolymer intercalation-complex: identification of the underlying Cantor set. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4052-4061. [PMID: 29780534 PMCID: PMC5939609 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercalation of pyrene into the chain-folds of a binary copolyimide results in a self-similar 1H NMR spectrum.
Sequence-selective intercalation of pyrene into the chain-folds of a random, binary copolyimide under fast-exchange conditions results in the development of self-similar structure in the diimide region of the 1H NMR spectrum. The resulting spectrum can be described by the mathematics of fractals, an approach that is rationalised in terms of a dynamic summation of ring-current shielding effects produced by pyrene molecules intercalating into the chain at progressively greater distances from each “observed” diimide residue. The underlying set of all such summations is found to be a defined mathematical fractal namely the fourth-quarter Cantor set, within which the observed spectrum is embedded. The pattern of resonances predicted by a geometric construction of the fourth-quarter Cantor set agrees well with the observed spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Shaw
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Rajendran Vaiyapuri
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Matthew P Parker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Claire A Murray
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Kate J C Lim
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Cong Pan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Marcus Knappert
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Barnaby W Greenland
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
| | - Howard M Colquhoun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading , RG6 6AD , UK .
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27
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Wiedbrauk S, Bartelmann T, Thumser S, Mayer P, Dube H. Simultaneous complementary photoswitching of hemithioindigo tweezers for dynamic guest relocalization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1456. [PMID: 29654233 PMCID: PMC5899155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote control of complex molecular behavior and function is one key problem in modern chemistry. Using light signaling for this purpose has many advantages, however the integration of different photo processes into a wholesome yet complex system is highly challenging. Here we report an alternative approach to increase complexity of light control-simultaneous complementary photoswitching-in which spectral overlap is used as an advantage to drastically reduce the signaling needed for controlling multipart supramolecular assemblies. Two photoswitchable molecular tweezers respond to the same light signals with opposite changes in their binding affinities. In this way the configuration of two host tweezers and ultimately the dynamic relocation of a guest molecule can be trigged by only one signal reversibly in the same solution. This approach should provide a powerful tool for the construction of sophisticated, integrated, and multi-responsive smart molecular systems in any application driven field of chemistry. Controlling complex photoresponsive systems while minimizing light input is highly challenging. Here, the authors report two photoswitchable molecular tweezers responding to the same light signals with opposite changes in their binding affinities towards a guest molecule allowing for its “light-economic” relocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wiedbrauk
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, München, 81377, Germany
| | - Thomas Bartelmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, München, 81377, Germany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, München, 81377, Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, München, 81377, Germany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, München, 81377, Germany.
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28
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Han X, Liu G, Liu SH, Yin J. Synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes using an imine clipping reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10331-10351. [PMID: 27714207 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly provide a valuable chance to understand the complicated topological structures on a molecular level. Two types of classical mechanically interlocked molecules, rotaxanes and catenanes, possess non-covalent mechanical bonds and have attracted more attention not only in supramolecular chemistry but also in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology and bioscience. In the past decades, the template-directed clipping reaction based on imine chemistry has become one of the most efficient methods for the construction of functionalized rotaxanes and catenanes. In this review, we outlined the main progress of rotaxanes and catenanes using the template-directed clipping approach of imine chemistry. The review contains the novel topological structures of rotaxanes and catenanes, functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Guotao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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29
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Kong FKW, Chan AKW, Ng M, Low KH, Yam VWW. Construction of Discrete Pentanuclear Platinum(II) Stacks with Extended Metal-Metal Interactions by Using Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Ka-Wai Kong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
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30
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Kong FKW, Chan AKW, Ng M, Low KH, Yam VWW. Construction of Discrete Pentanuclear Platinum(II) Stacks with Extended Metal-Metal Interactions by Using Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Tweezers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15103-15107. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Ka-Wai Kong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Alan Kwun-Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials [Areas of Excellence Scheme; University Grants Committee (Hong Kong); Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P.R. China
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31
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Fu T, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang F. Supramolecular Cross-Linking and Gelation of Conjugated Polycarbazoles via Hydrogen Bond Assisted Molecular Tweezer/Guest Complexation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry,
iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry,
iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry,
iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry,
iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry,
iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Expanded aromatic carboxylate anion induced molecular sandwich construction via a tetracationic imidazolium macrocycle conversion from molecular box to molecular tweezer. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Photo- and redoxfunctional cyclophanes, macrocycles, and catenanes based on aromatic bisimides. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Yan J, Kang C, Bian Z, Jin R, Ma X, Gao L. Supramolecular self-assembly of chiral polyimides driven by repeat units and end groups. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Complementary aromatic π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding induce time-dependent chiroptical spectroscopic behaviours of l-phenylalaninate-derived chiral polyimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Chuanqing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zheng Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Rizhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xiaoye Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lianxun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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35
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Pandeeswar M, Senanayak SP, Narayan KS, Govindaraju T. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Charge-Transfer Hydrogel for Room-Temperature Organic Ferroelectric Thin-Film Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8259-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makam Pandeeswar
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Satyaprasad P. Senanayak
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - K. S. Narayan
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry
Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit,
and ‡Molecular Electronics
Lab, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bengaluru 560064, India
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36
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Zimmerman SC. A journey in bioinspired supramolecular chemistry: from molecular tweezers to small molecules that target myotonic dystrophy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:125-38. [PMID: 26877815 PMCID: PMC4734311 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes part of the author’s research in the area of supramolecular chemistry, beginning with his early life influences and early career efforts in molecular recognition, especially molecular tweezers. Although designed to complex DNA, these hosts proved more applicable to the field of host–guest chemistry. This early experience and interest in intercalation ultimately led to the current efforts to develop small molecule therapeutic agents for myotonic dystrophy using a rational design approach that heavily relies on principles of supramolecular chemistry. How this work was influenced by that of others in the field and the evolution of each area of research is highlighted with selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Wu Y, Nalluri SKM, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Margulies EA, Stoddart JF, Wasielewski MR. Charge and Spin Transport in an Organic Molecular Square. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11971-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Wu Y, Nalluri SKM, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Margulies EA, Stoddart JF, Wasielewski MR. Charge and Spin Transport in an Organic Molecular Square. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Varghese S, Elemans JAAW, Rowan AE, Nolte RJM. Molecular computing: paths to chemical Turing machines. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6050-6058. [PMID: 28717447 PMCID: PMC5504628 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we highlight some of the recent advances in the development of molecular and biomolecular systems for performing logic operations and computing. We also present a blueprint of a chemical Turing machine using a processive catalytic approach.
To comply with the rapidly increasing demand of information storage and processing, new strategies for computing are needed. The idea of molecular computing, where basic computations occur through molecular, supramolecular, or biomolecular approaches, rather than electronically, has long captivated researchers. The prospects of using molecules and (bio)macromolecules for computing is not without precedent. Nature is replete with examples where the handling and storing of data occurs with high efficiencies, low energy costs, and high-density information encoding. The design and assembly of computers that function according to the universal approaches of computing, such as those in a Turing machine, might be realized in a chemical way in the future; this is both fascinating and extremely challenging. In this perspective, we highlight molecular and (bio)macromolecular systems that have been designed and synthesized so far with the objective of using them for computing purposes. We also present a blueprint of a molecular Turing machine, which is based on a catalytic device that glides along a polymer tape and, while moving, prints binary information on this tape in the form of oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaji Varghese
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials , Heyendaalseweg 135 , 6525 AJ Nijmegen , The Netherlands . ;
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40
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Trinh TT, Oswald L, Chan-Seng D, Charles L, Lutz JF. Preparation of Information-Containing Macromolecules by Ligation of Dyad-Encoded Oligomers. Chemistry 2015; 21:11961-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Lutz JF. Coding Macromolecules: Inputting Information in Polymers Using Monomer-Based Alphabets. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular
Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, BP84047, 67034 Strasbourg, Cedex
2, France
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42
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Roy RK, Meszynska A, Laure C, Charles L, Verchin C, Lutz JF. Design and synthesis of digitally encoded polymers that can be decoded and erased. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7237. [PMID: 26006165 PMCID: PMC4455100 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers such as DNA store information in their chains using controlled sequences of monomers. Here we describe a non-natural information-containing macromolecule that can store and retrieve digital information. Monodisperse sequence-encoded poly(alkoxyamine amide)s were synthesized using an iterative strategy employing two chemoselective steps: the reaction of a primary amine with an acid anhydride and the radical coupling of a carbon-centred radical with a nitroxide. A binary code was implemented in the polymer chains using three monomers: one nitroxide spacer and two interchangeable anhydrides defined as 0-bit and 1-bit. This methodology allows encryption of any desired sequence in the chains. Moreover, the formed sequences are easy to decode using tandem mass spectrometry. Indeed, these polymers follow predictable fragmentation pathways that can be easily deciphered. Moreover, poly(alkoxyamine amide)s are thermolabile. Thus, the digital information encrypted in the chains can be erased by heating the polymers in the solid state or in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Roy
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Anna Meszynska
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Chloé Laure
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université – CNRS, UMR 7273, Institute of Radical Chemistry, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Claire Verchin
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22-CNRS, BP84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Al Ouahabi A, Charles L, Lutz JF. Synthesis of Non-Natural Sequence-Encoded Polymers Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5629-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Al Ouahabi
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR-22 CNRS, BP 84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institute of Radical Chemistry, UMR 7273, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Precision Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut Charles Sadron, UPR-22 CNRS, BP 84047, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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44
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Wu SY, Chang LT, Peng S, Tsai HC. Calcium-activated gene transfection from DNA/poly(amic acid-co-imide) complexes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1637-47. [PMID: 25767385 PMCID: PMC4354692 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a water-soluble poly(amic acid-co-imide) (PA-I) from ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTA) and 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) that possesses comparable transfection efficiency to that of polyethylenimine (PEI), when prepared in combination with divalent calcium cations. The polycondensation of monomers afforded poly(amic acid) (PA) precursors, and subsequent thermal imidization resulted in the formation of PA-I. At a polymer/DNA ratio (indicated by the molar ratio of nitrogen in the polymer to phosphate in DNA) of 40, complete retardation of the DNA band was observed by gel electrophoresis, indicating the strong association of DNA with PA-I. A zeta potential of −22 mV was recorded for the PA-I polymer solution, and no apparent cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations up to 500 μg·mL−1. In the presence of divalent Ca2+, the transfection efficiency of PA-I was higher than that of PA, due to the formation of a copolymer/Ca2+/DNA polyplex and the reduction in negative charge due to thermal cyclization. Interestingly, a synergistic effect of Ca2+ and the synthesized copolymer on DNA transfection was observed. The use of Ca2+ or copolymer alone resulted in unsatisfactory delivery, whereas the formation of three-component polyplexes synergistically increased DNA transfection. Our findings demonstrated that a PA-I/Ca2+/DNA polyplex could serve as a promising candidate for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yuan Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Chang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sydeny Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Li P, Maier JM, Hwang J, Smith MD, Krause JA, Mullis BT, Strickland SMS, Shimizu KD. Solvent-induced reversible solid-state colour change of an intramolecular charge-transfer complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14809-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic intramolecular charge-transfer complex reversibly changes colours due to solvent-inclusion induced geometric changes in the donor and acceptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Brian T. Mullis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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46
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Zhan TG, Lu BY, Lin F, Zhou TY, Zhao X, Li ZT. Donor–acceptor interaction-driven folding of linear naphthalene–glycol oligomers templated by a rigid bipyridinium rod. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of folded and helical supramolecular structures through the self-assembly of a series of flexible linear oligomers induced by a rigid rod-like template has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Guang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Ben-Ye Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Tian-You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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47
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Hirao T, Tosaka M, Yamago S, Haino T. Supramolecular Fullerene Polymers and Networks Directed by Molecular Recognition between Calix[5]arene and C60. Chemistry 2014; 20:16138-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Mutlu H, Lutz JF. Reading Polymers: Sequencing of Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13010-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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Mutlu H, Lutz JF. “Lesen” von Polymeren: Die Sequenzierung natürlicher und synthetischer Makromoleküle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Haq S, Hanke F, Sharp J, Persson M, Amabilino DB, Raval R. Versatile bottom-up construction of diverse macromolecules on a surface observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8856-8870. [PMID: 25191836 DOI: 10.1021/nn502388u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterocoupling of organic building blocks to give complex multicomponent macromolecules directly at a surface holds the key to creating advanced molecular devices. While "on-surface" synthesis with prefunctionalized molecules has recently led to specific one- and two- component products, a central challenge is to discover universal connection strategies that are applicable to a wide range of molecules. Here, we show that direct activation of C-H bonds intrinsic to π-functional molecules is a highly generic route for connecting different building blocks on a copper surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals that covalent π-functional macromolecular heterostructures, displaying diverse compositions, structures and topologies, are created with ease from seven distinct building blocks (including porphyrins, pentacene and perylene). By exploiting differences in C-H bond reactivity in the deposition and heating protocols we also demonstrate controlled synthesis of specific products, such as block copolymers. Further, the symmetry and geometry of the molecules and the surface also play a critical role in determining the outcome of the covalent bond forming reactions. Our "pick-mix-and-link" strategy opens up the capability to generate libraries of multivariate macromolecules directly at a surface, which in conjunction with nanoscale probing techniques could accelerate the discovery of functional interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Haq
- Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , L69 3BX, Liverpool, U.K
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