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Wu Z, Kang J, Zhang C, Zhang W, Ge J. Assessing the promoting effect of compound microbial agents on flax dew retting: Based on the relationship between metabolites and core genera. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129451. [PMID: 37406834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) techniques were employed to examine the relationship between bacterial succession and metabolite alterations during the dew retting process of flax. The results indicated that the addition of compound microbial agents may affect the production and transformation of metabolites by re-establishing bacterial communities and promoting the degradation of pectic substances and the release of metabolites, and the best retting effect was achieved under the combined addition (BA). In addition, Chryseobacterium, Bacillus, and Pseudoonas were closely associated with the production of fatty acids and alcohols; the addition of compound microbial agents increased the content of critical metabolites while decreasing the environmental pollutant bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. In summary, the addition of compound microbial agents can positively regulate the retting process of flax, shorten the retting cycle, improve the quality of flax fibre, and reduce the pollution of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao 066102, China.
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Best Conditions for the Production of Natural Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Aroma) from Cheese Industry Waste: An Experimental Precursor Approach. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In some fermentation systems, whey components (lactose, proteins and minerals) can produce isopentyl acetate (IA). An analysis of the best conditions for IA production with Kluyveromyces marxianus was developed in this work. The experiment design was two-factor and three-level design based on a response surface methodology (RSM) using Design-Expert® software. The analysis of anomeric protons by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) showed 81.25% of β lactose content. This characteristic favored the production of IA. The maximum output (Mp) of IA, determined by gas chromatography, was 9.52 g/L (p < 0.05). The central composite design (CCD) was used to perform the factor analysis. Results showed that concentrations of 0.03 (g/L) ammonium sulphate and 0.3 (v/v) of isoamyl alcohol are the best conditions for a maximum rate of IA production. The production of IA can reduce the discharge of whey, allowing its reuse and revaluation.
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Lee JW, Trinh CT. Towards renewable flavors, fragrances, and beyond. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:168-180. [PMID: 31986468 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esters constitute a large space of unique molecules with broad range of applications as flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, green solvents, and advanced biofuels. Global demand of natural esters in food, household cleaner, personal care, and perfume industries is increasing while the ester supply from natural sources has been limited. Development of novel microbial cell factories for ester production from renewable feedstocks can potentially provide an alternative and sustainable source of natural esters and hence help fulfill growing demand. Here, we highlight recent advances in microbial production of esters and provide perspectives for improving its economic feasibility. As the field matures, microbial ester production platforms will enable renewable and sustainable production of flavors and fragrances, and open new market opportunities beyond what nature can offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Lee
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Cong T Trinh
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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Kruis AJ, Bohnenkamp AC, Patinios C, van Nuland YM, Levisson M, Mars AE, van den Berg C, Kengen SW, Weusthuis RA. Microbial production of short and medium chain esters: Enzymes, pathways, and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Song MK, Cho AR, Sim G, Ahn JH. Synthesis of Diverse Hydroxycinnamoyl Phenylethanoid Esters Using Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2028-2035. [PMID: 30698011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an ester of a hydroxycinnamic acid (phenylpropanoid) and a phenylethanoid (2-phenylethanol; 2-PE), which has long been used in traditional medicine. Here, we synthesized 54 hydroxycinnamic acid-phenylethanoid esters by feeding 64 combinations of hydroxycinnamic acids and phenylethanols to Escherichia coli harboring the rice genes OsPMT and Os4CL. The same approach was applied for ester synthesis with caffeic acid and eight different phenyl alcohols. Two hydroxycinnamoyl phenethyl esters, p-coumaroyl tyrosol and CAPE, were also synthesized from glucose using engineered E. coli by introducing genes for the synthesis of substrates. Consequently, we synthesized approximately 393.4 mg/L p-coumaroyl tyrosol and 23.8 mg/L CAPE with this approach. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the rice PMT and 4CL proteins can be used for the synthesis of diverse hydroxycinnamoyl phenylethanoid esters owing to their promiscuity and that further exploration of the biological activities of these compounds is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - A Ra Cho
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - GeunYoung Sim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center , Konkuk University , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
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Menendez-Bravo S, Comba S, Gramajo H, Arabolaza A. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of structurally diverse esters. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3043-3053. [PMID: 28275821 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional petroleum-based chemical industry, although economically still thriving, is now facing great socio-political challenges due to the increasing concerns on climate change and limited availability of fossil resources. In this context, microbial production of fuels and commodity oleochemicals from renewable biomass is being considered a promising sustainable alternative. The increasing understanding of cellular systems has enabled the redesign of microbial metabolism for the production of compounds present in many daily consumer products such as esters, waxes, fatty acids (FA) and fatty alcohols. Small aliphatic esters are important flavour and fragrance elements while long-chain esters, composed of FA esterified to fatty alcohols, are widely used in lubricant formulas, paints, coatings and cosmetics. Here, we review recent advances in the biosynthesis of these types of mono alkyl esters in vivo. We focus on the critical ester bond-forming enzymes and the latest metabolic engineering strategies employed for the biosynthesis of a wide range of products ranging from low-molecular-weight esters to waxy compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simón Menendez-Bravo
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Santiago Comba
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda (2000), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gramajo
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Ana Arabolaza
- Microbiology Division, IBR (Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda (2000), Rosario, Argentina.
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Abstract
The bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT or wax ester synthase) catalyzes the terminal reaction in the bacterial wax ester biosynthetic pathway, utilizing a range of alcohols and fatty acyl-CoAs to synthesize the corresponding wax ester. The wild-type wax ester synthase Maqu_0168 from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8 exhibits a preference for longer fatty alcohols, while applications with smaller alcohols would yield products with desired biotechnological properties. Small and medium chain length alcohol substrates are much poorer substrates for the native enzyme, which may hinder broad application of the wax ester synthase in many proposed biosynthetic schemes. Developing approaches to improve enzyme activity toward specific smaller alcohol substrates first requires a clear understanding of which amino acids of the primary sequences of these enzymes contribute to substrate specificity in the native enzyme. In this report, we surveyed a range of potential residues and identified the leucine at position 356 and methionine at position 405 in Maqu_0168 as residues that affected selectivity toward small, branched, and aromatic alcohols when substituted with different amino acids. This analysis provides evidence of residues that line the binding site for wax ester synthase, which will aid rational approaches to improve this enzyme with specific substrates.
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for production of biodiesel from fatty alcohols and acetyl-CoA. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26205521 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of biodiesel from renewable feedstock has attracted intensive attention. Biodiesel is known to be produced from short-chain alcohols and fatty acyl-CoAs through the expression of wax ester synthase/fatty acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase that catalyzes the esterification of short-chain alcohols and fatty acyl-CoAs. Here, we engineered Escherichia coli to produce various fatty alcohol acetate esters, which depend on the expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferase ATF1 that catalyzes the esterification of fatty alcohols and acetyl-CoA. The fatty acid biosynthetic pathways generate fatty acyl-ACPs, fatty acyl-CoAs, or fatty acids, which can be converted to fatty alcohols by fatty acyl-CoA reductase, fatty acyl-ACP reductase, or carboxylic acid reductase, respectively. This study showed the biosynthesis of biodiesel from three fatty acid biosynthetic pathway intermediates.
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