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Belkacemi K, Rondard P, Pin JP, Prézeau L. Heterodimers Revolutionize the Field of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Neuroscience 2024:S0306-4522(24)00270-7. [PMID: 38936459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Identified 40 years ago, the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors play key roles in modulating many synapses in the brain, and are still considered as important drug targets to treat various brain diseases. Eight genes encoding mGlu subunits have been identified. They code for complex receptors composed of a large extracellular domain where glutamate binds, connected to a G protein activating membrane domain. They are covalently linked dimers, a quaternary structure needed for their activation by glutamate. For many years they have only been considered as homodimers, then limiting the number of mGlu receptors to 8 subtypes composed of twice the same subunit. Twelve years ago, mGlu subunits were shown to also form heterodimers with specific subunits combinations, increasing the family up to 19 different potential dimeric receptors. Since then, a number of studies brought evidence for the existence of such heterodimers in the brain, through various approaches. Structural and molecular dynamic studies helped understand their peculiar activation process. The present review summarizes the approaches used to study their activation process and their pharmacological properties and to demonstrate their existence in vivo. We will highlight how the existence of mGlu heterodimers revolutionizes the mGlu receptor field, opening new possibilities for therapeutic intervention for brain diseases. As illustrated by the number of possible mGlu heterodimers, this study will highlight the need for further research to fully understand their role in physiological and pathological conditions, and to develop more specific therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar Belkacemi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Boutonnet M, Carpena C, Bouquier N, Chastagnier Y, Font-Ingles J, Moutin E, Tricoire L, Chemin J, Perroy J. Voltage tunes mGlu 5 receptor function, impacting synaptic transmission. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1793-1811. [PMID: 38369690 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Voltage sensitivity is a common feature of many membrane proteins, including some G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the functional consequences of voltage sensitivity in GPCRs are not well understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we investigated the voltage sensitivity of the post-synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu5 and its impact on synaptic transmission. Using biosensors and electrophysiological recordings in non-excitable HEK293T cells or neurons. KEY RESULTS We found that mGlu5 receptor function is optimal at resting membrane potentials. We observed that membrane depolarization significantly reduced mGlu5 receptor activation, Gq-PLC/PKC stimulation, Ca2+ release and mGlu5 receptor-gated currents through transient receptor potential canonical, TRPC6, channels or glutamate ionotropic NMDA receptors. Notably, we report a previously unknown activity of the NMDA receptor at the resting potential of neurons, enabled by mGlu5. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that mGlu5 receptor activity is directly regulated by membrane voltage which may have a significant impact on synaptic processes and pathophysiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Boutonnet
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Carpena
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yan Chastagnier
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Joan Font-Ingles
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- SpliceBio, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enora Moutin
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de biologie Paris Seine, Sorbonne universite, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jean Chemin
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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3
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Liu N, Eshak F, Malhaire F, Brabet I, Prézeau L, Renard E, Pin JP, Acher FC, Staudt M, Bunch L. Design, Synthesis, Pharmacology, and In Silico Studies of (1 S,2 S,3 S)-2-(( S)-Amino(carboxy)methyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid (LBG30300): A Picomolar Potency Subtype-Selective mGlu 2 Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1314-1326. [PMID: 38170918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors (mGlu receptors) play a key role in modulating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we report the structure-based design and pharmacological evaluation of densely functionalized, conformationally restricted glutamate analogue (1S,2S,3S)-2-((S)-amino(carboxy)methyl)-3-(carboxymethyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (LBG30300). LBG30300 was synthesized in a stereocontrolled fashion in nine steps from a commercially available optically active epoxide. Functional characterization of all eight mGlu receptor subtypes showed that LBG30300 is a picomolar agonist at mGlu2 with excellent selectivity over mGlu3 and the other six mGlu receptor subtypes. Bioavailability studies on mice (IV administration) confirm CNS exposure, and an in silico study predicts a binding mode of LBG30300 which induces a flipping of Tyr144 to allow for a salt bridge interaction of the acetate group with Arg271. The Tyr144 residue now prevents Arg271 from interacting with Asp146, which is a residue of differentiation between mGlu2 and mGlu3 and thus could explain the observed subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Floriane Eshak
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, SPPIN CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Brabet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Emma Renard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34094 Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Francine C Acher
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, SPPIN CNRS UMR 8003, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
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4
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Haubrich J, Zwier JM, Charrier-Savournin F, Prézeau L, Pin JP. Different EGF-induced receptor dimer conformations for signaling and internalization. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23356. [PMID: 38071470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301209r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The structural basis of the activation and internalization of EGF receptors (EGFR) is still a matter of debate despite the importance of this target in cancer treatment. Whether agonists induce dimer formation or act on preformed dimers remains discussed. Here, we provide direct evidence that EGF-induced EGFR dimer formation as best illustrated by the very large increase in FRET between snap-tagged EGFR subunits induced by agonists. We confirm that Erlotinib-related TK (tyrosine kinase) inhibitors also induce dimer formation despite the inactive state of the binding domain. Surprisingly, TK inhibitors do not inhibit EGF-induced EGFR internalization despite their ability to fully block EGFR signaling. Only Erlotinib-related TK inhibitors promoting asymmetric dimers could slow down this process while the lapatinib-related ones have almost no effect. These results reveal that the conformation of the intracellular TK dimer, rather than the known EGFR signaling, is critical for EGFR internalization. These results also illustrate clear differences in the mode of action of TK inhibitors on the EGFR and open novel possibilities to control EGFR signaling for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Haubrich
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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5
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Wang J, Xue N, Pan W, Tu R, Li S, Zhang Y, Mao Y, Liu Y, Cheng H, Guo Y, Yuan W, Ni X, Wang M. Repurposing conformational changes in ANL superfamily enzymes to rapidly generate biosensors for organic and amino acids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6680. [PMID: 37865661 PMCID: PMC10590383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for detecting, real-time imaging, and quantifying molecules, but rapidly constructing diverse genetically encoded biosensors remains challenging. Here, we report a method to rapidly convert enzymes into genetically encoded circularly permuted fluorescent protein-based indicators to detect organic acids (GECFINDER). ANL superfamily enzymes undergo hinge-mediated ligand-coupling domain movement during catalysis. We introduce a circularly permuted fluorescent protein into enzymes hinges, converting ligand-induced conformational changes into significant fluorescence signal changes. We obtain 11 GECFINDERs for detecting phenylalanine, glutamic acid and other acids. GECFINDER-Phe3 and GECFINDER-Glu can efficiently and accurately quantify target molecules in biological samples in vitro. This method simplifies amino acid quantification without requiring complex equipment, potentially serving as point-of-care testing tools for clinical applications in low-resource environments. We also develop a GECFINDER-enabled droplet-based microfluidic high-throughput screening method for obtaining high-yield industrial strains. Our method provides a foundation for using enzymes as untapped blueprint resources for biosensor design, creation, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjia Pan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Tu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- College of Environmental and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, 400067, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijiao Cheng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ni
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300308, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, 300308, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Qian T, Wang H, Xia X, Li Y. Current and emerging methods for probing neuropeptide transmission. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102751. [PMID: 37487399 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides comprise the most diverse category of neurochemicals in the brain, playing critical roles in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Monitoring neuropeptides with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for understanding how peptidergic transmission is regulated throughout the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of current non-optical and optical approaches used to detect neuropeptides, including their design principles, intrinsic properties, and potential limitations. We also highlight the advantages of using G protein‒coupled receptor (GPCR) activation‒based (GRAB) sensors to monitor neuropeptides in vivo with high sensitivity, good specificity, and high spatiotemporal resolution. Finally, we present a promising outlook regarding the development and optimization of new GRAB neuropeptide sensors, as well as their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongrui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiju Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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7
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Lecat-Guillet N, Quast RB, Liu H, Bourrier E, Møller TC, Rovira X, Soldevila S, Lamarque L, Trinquet E, Liu J, Pin JP, Rondard P, Margeat E. Concerted conformational changes control metabotropic glutamate receptor activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1378. [PMID: 37267369 PMCID: PMC10413646 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators bear great potential to fine-tune neurotransmitter action. Promising targets are metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, which are associated with numerous brain diseases. Orthosteric and allosteric ligands act in synergy to control the activity of these multidomain dimeric GPCRs. Here, we analyzed the effect of such molecules on the concerted conformational changes of full-length mGlu2 at the single-molecule level. We first established FRET sensors through genetic code expansion combined with click chemistry to monitor conformational changes on live cells. We then used single-molecule FRET and show that orthosteric agonist binding leads to the stabilization of most of the glutamate binding domains in their closed state, while the reorientation of the dimer into the active state remains partial. Allosteric modulators, interacting with the transmembrane domain, are required to stabilize the fully reoriented active dimer. These results illustrate how concerted conformational changes within multidomain proteins control their activity, and how these are modulated by allosteric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lecat-Guillet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Robert B. Quast
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hongkang Liu
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | | | - Thor C. Møller
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | - Eric Trinquet
- PerkinElmer Cisbio, Parc Marcel Boiteux, 30200 Codolet, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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8
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Olson KM, Campbell A, Alt A, Traynor JR. Finding the Perfect Fit: Conformational Biosensors to Determine the Efficacy of GPCR Ligands. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:694-709. [PMID: 36110374 PMCID: PMC9469492 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly druggable targets that adopt numerous conformations. A ligand's ability to stabilize specific conformation(s) of its cognate receptor determines its efficacy or ability to produce a biological response. Identifying ligands that produce different receptor conformations and potentially discrete pharmacological effects (e.g., biased agonists, partial agonists, antagonists, allosteric modulators) is a major goal in drug discovery and necessary to develop drugs with better effectiveness and fewer side effects. Fortunately, direct measurements of ligand efficacy, via receptor conformational changes are possible with the recent development of conformational biosensors. In this review, we discuss classical efficacy models, including the two-state model, the ternary-complex model, and multistate models. We describe how nanobody-, transducer-, and receptor-based conformational biosensors detect and/or stabilize specific GPCR conformations to identify ligands with different levels of efficacy. In particular, conformational biosensors provide the potential to identify and/or characterize therapeutically desirable but often difficult to measure conformations of receptors faster and better than current methods. For drug discovery/development, several recent proof-of-principle studies have optimized conformational biosensors for high-throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, their widespread use is limited by the fact that few sensors are reliably capable of detecting low-frequency conformations and technically demanding assay conditions. Nonetheless, conformational biosensors do help identify desirable ligands such as allosteric modulators, biased ligands, or partial agonists in a single assay, representing a distinct advantage over classical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. Olson
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andra Campbell
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew Alt
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Life
Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department
of Pharmacology and Edward F Domino Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
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9
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Nanobody-based sensors reveal a high proportion of mGlu heterodimers in the brain. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:894-903. [PMID: 35681029 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins, including ion channels, receptors and transporters, are often composed of multiple subunits and can form large complexes. Their specific composition in native tissues is difficult to determine and remains largely unknown. In this study, we developed a method for determining the subunit composition of endogenous cell surface protein complexes from isolated native tissues. Our method relies on nanobody-based sensors, which enable proximity detection between subunits in time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements. Additionally, given conformation-specific nanobodies, the activation of these complexes can be recorded in native brain tissue. Applied to the metabotropic glutamate receptors in different brain regions, this approach revealed the clear existence of functional metabotropic glutamate (mGlu)2-mGlu4 heterodimers in addition to mGlu2 and mGlu4 homodimers. Strikingly, the mGlu4 subunits appear to be mainly heterodimers in the brain. Overall, these versatile biosensors can determine the presence and activity of endogenous membrane proteins in native tissues with high fidelity and convenience.
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10
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Guo S, Zhao T, Yun Y, Xie X. Recent Progress in Assays for GPCR Drug Discovery. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C583-C594. [PMID: 35816640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as 7 transmembrane receptors, are the largest family of cell surface receptors in eukaryotes. There are ~800 GPCRs in human, regulating diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are the most intensively studied drug targets. Drugs that target GPCRs account for about a quarter of the global market share of therapeutic drugs. Therefore, to develop physiologically relevant and robust assays to search new GPCR ligands or modulators remain the major focus of drug discovery research worldwide. Early functional GPCR assays are mainly depend on the measurement of G protein-mediated second messenger generation. Recent development in GPCR biology indicate the signaling of these receptors is much more complex than the oversimplified classical view. GPCRs have been found to activate multiple G proteins simultaneously and induce b-arrestin-mediated signaling. GPCRs have also been found to interacte with other cytosolic scaffolding proteins and form dimer or heteromer with GPCRs or other transmembrane proteins. Here we mainly discuss technologies focused on detecting protein-protein interactions, such as FRET/BRET, NanoBiT, Tango, etc, and their applications in measuring GPCRs interacting with various signaling partners. In the final part, we also discuss the species differences in GPCRs when using animal models to study the in vivofunctions of GPCR ligands, and possible ways to solve this problem with modern genetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Guo
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yun
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- grid.419093.6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China
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11
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Fang W, Yang F, Xu C, Ling S, Lin L, Zhou Y, Sun W, Wang X, Liu P, Rondard P, Shi P, Pin JP, Tian C, Liu J. Structural basis of the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. Cell Res 2022; 32:695-698. [PMID: 35236939 PMCID: PMC9253128 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglong Ling
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingxin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pan Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Changlin Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Acher FC, Cabayé A, Eshak F, Goupil-Lamy A, Pin JP. Metabotropic glutamate receptor orthosteric ligands and their binding sites. Neuropharmacology 2022; 204:108886. [PMID: 34813860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been discovered almost four decades ago. Since then, their pharmacology has been largely developed as well as their structural organization. Indeed mGluRs are attractive therapeutic targets for numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders because of their modulating role of synaptic transmission. The more recent drug discovery programs have mostly concentrated on allosteric modulators. However, orthosteric agonists and antagonists have remained unavoidable pharmacological tools as, although not expected, many of them can reach the brain, or can be modified to reach the brain. This review focuses on the most common orthosteric ligands as well as on the few allosteric modulators interacting with the glutamate binding domain. The 3D-structures of these ligands at their binding sites are reported. For most of them, X-Ray structures or docked homology models are available. Because of the high conservation of the binding site, subtype selective agonists were not easy to find. Yet, some were discovered when extending their chemical structures in order to reach selective sites of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine C Acher
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
| | - Alexandre Cabayé
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France; BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, F-78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Floriane Eshak
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Paris, CNRS, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Anne Goupil-Lamy
- BIOVIA, Dassault Systèmes, F-78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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13
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Farooq A, Bhat KA, Mir RA, Mahajan R, Nazir M, Sharma V, Zargar SM. Emerging trends in developing biosensor techniques to undertake plant phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteomics 2021; 253:104458. [PMID: 34923172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications particularly phosphorylation is governed by a complex array of mechanisms to attain a functional conformation and regulate important biological processes in organisms during external environmental stimuli and hormone signaling. Phosphoproteomics is a promising field of proteomics for identification of proteins with phosphate groups and their impact on structure, function and localization of proteins. Techniques that allow quantitative detection of proteins and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) have immensely led to understand the structural and functional dynamics of proteins. Biosensor systems are a relatively new biotechnological approach that works on the principle of transforming the interactions of different biological samples viz proteins, enzymes, aptamers, nucleic acids and so on into the signals such as electrochemical, colorimetric, optical or magnetic which have been effectively useful in the detection and characterization of phosphoproteins. The focus of our review is to provide a comprehensive account of the critical role and utility of novel biosensors such as, fluorescence based, enrichment based, nanobody based biosensors, as promising technical intercessions to identify phosphoproteins and their influence on structural dynamics of proteins. Furthermore, by studying the innovative phosphoprotein biosensors we will be able to identify the aberrant phosphorylation patterns to precisely diagnose diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Farooq
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir 190025, India; Division of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J), Chatha, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Kaisar Ahmad Bhat
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir 190025, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, India
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Muslima Nazir
- CORD, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J), Chatha, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar, Kashmir 190025, India.
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14
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Liu L, Fan Z, Rovira X, Xue L, Roux S, Brabet I, Xin M, Pin JP, Rondard P, Liu J. Allosteric ligands control the activation of a class C GPCR heterodimer by acting at the transmembrane interface. eLife 2021; 10:70188. [PMID: 34866572 PMCID: PMC8700296 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most promising drug targets. They often form homo- and heterodimers with allosteric cross-talk between receptor entities, which contributes to fine-tuning of transmembrane signaling. Specifically controlling the activity of GPCR dimers with ligands is a good approach to clarify their physiological roles and validate them as drug targets. Here, we examined the mode of action of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that bind at the interface of the transmembrane domains of the heterodimeric GABAB receptor. Our site-directed mutagenesis results show that mutations of this interface impact the function of the three PAMs tested. The data support the inference that they act at the active interface between both transmembrane domains, the binding site involving residues of the TM6s of the GABAB1 and the GABAB2 subunit. Importantly, the agonist activity of these PAMs involves a key region in the central core of the GABAB2 transmembrane domain, which also controls the constitutive activity of the GABAB receptor. This region corresponds to the sodium ion binding site in class A GPCRs that controls the basal state of the receptors. Overall, these data reveal the possibility of developing allosteric compounds able to specifically modulate the activity of GPCR homo- and heterodimers by acting at their transmembrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhiran Fan
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Li Xue
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Salomé Roux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Brabet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Mingxia Xin
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Kowalski-Jahn M, Schihada H, Turku A, Huber T, Sakmar TP, Schulte G. Frizzled BRET sensors based on bioorthogonal labeling of unnatural amino acids reveal WNT-induced dynamics of the cysteine-rich domain. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7917. [PMID: 34757789 PMCID: PMC8580317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Frizzleds (FZD1–10) are G protein–coupled receptors containing an extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) binding Wingless/Int-1 lipoglycoproteins (WNTs). Despite the role of WNT/FZD signaling in health and disease, our understanding of how WNT binding is translated into receptor activation and transmembrane signaling remains limited. Current hypotheses dispute the roles for conformational dynamics. To clarify how WNT binding to FZD translates into receptor dynamics, we devised conformational FZD-CRD biosensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Using FZD with N-terminal nanoluciferase (Nluc) and fluorescently labeled unnatural amino acids in the linker domain and extracellular loop 3, we show that WNT-3A and WNT-5A induce similar CRD conformational rearrangements despite promoting distinct signaling pathways and that CRD dynamics are not required for WNT/β-catenin signaling. Thus, these FZD-CRD biosensors provide insights into binding, activation, and signaling processes in FZDs. The sensor design is broadly applicable to explore ligand-induced dynamics also in other membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kowalski-Jahn
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Schihada
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas P. Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, S-17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Biomedicum 6D, S-17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Tao Y, Chen L, Pan M, Zhu F, Zhu D. Tailored Biosensors for Drug Screening, Efficacy Assessment, and Toxicity Evaluation. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3146-3162. [PMID: 34516080 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have been flourishing in the field of drug discovery with pronounced developments in the past few years. They facilitate the screening and discovery of innovative drugs. However, there is still a lack of critical reviews that compare the merits and shortcomings of these biosensors from a pharmaceutical point of view. This contribution presents a critical and up-to-date overview on the recent progress of tailored biosensors, including surface plasmon resonance, fluorescent, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemical systems with emphasis on their mechanisms and applications in drug screening, efficacy assessment, and toxicity evaluation. Multiple functional nanomaterials have also been incorporated into the biosensors. Representative examples of each type of biosensors are discussed in terms of design strategy, response mechanism, and potential applications. In the end, we also compare the results and summarize the major insights gained from the works, demonstrating the challenges and prospects of biosensors-assisted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiling Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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17
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Allosteric modulators enhance agonist efficacy by increasing the residence time of a GPCR in the active state. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5426. [PMID: 34521824 PMCID: PMC8440590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Much hope in drug development comes from the discovery of positive allosteric modulators (PAM) that display target subtype selectivity and act by increasing agonist potency and efficacy. How such compounds can allosterically influence agonist action remains unclear. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) are G protein-coupled receptors that represent promising targets for brain diseases, and for which PAMs acting in the transmembrane domain have been developed. Here, we explore the effect of a PAM on the structural dynamics of mGlu2 in optimized detergent micelles using single molecule FRET at submillisecond timescales. We show that glutamate only partially stabilizes the extracellular domains in the active state. Full activation is only observed in the presence of a PAM or the Gi protein. Our results provide important insights on the role of allosteric modulators in mGlu activation, by stabilizing the active state of a receptor that is otherwise rapidly oscillating between active and inactive states. Here, the authors use smFRET to assess the structural dynamics of metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu2 and show that a positive allosteric modulator or the Gi protein stabilize mGlu2 in the glutamate-induced active state, leading to the full activation of the receptor.
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18
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Agonists and allosteric modulators promote signaling from different metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 conformations. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109648. [PMID: 34469715 PMCID: PMC8424648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are dimeric G-protein-coupled receptors activated by the main excitatory neurotransmitter, L-glutamate. mGluR activation by agonists binding in the venus flytrap domain is regulated by positive (PAM) or negative (NAM) allosteric modulators binding to the 7-transmembrane domain (7TM). We report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of fully inactive and intermediate-active conformations of mGlu5 receptor bound to an antagonist and a NAM or an agonist and a PAM, respectively, as well as the crystal structure of the 7TM bound to a photoswitchable NAM. The agonist induces a large movement between the subunits, bringing the 7TMs together and stabilizing a 7TM conformation structurally similar to the inactive state. Using functional approaches, we demonstrate that the PAM stabilizes a 7TM active conformation independent of the conformational changes induced by agonists, representing an alternative mode of mGlu activation. These findings provide a structural basis for different mGluR activation modes. Cryo-EM analysis of thermostabilized mGlu5 receptor bound to inhibitors or activators X-ray structure of trans-Alloswitch-1 bound to thermostable mGlu5 7TMs Photopharmacology provides insight into allosteric regulation of mGlu5 7TMs Multiple conformations of mGlu5 receptor activate G protein
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19
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A nanobody activating metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 discriminates between homo- and heterodimers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105848118. [PMID: 34385321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105848118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in developing biologics due to their high target selectivity. The G protein-coupled homo- and heterodimeric metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors regulate many synapses and are promising targets for the treatment of numerous brain diseases. Although subtype-selective allosteric small molecules have been reported, their effects on the recently discovered heterodimeric receptors are often not known. Here, we describe a nanobody that specifically and fully activates homodimeric human mGlu4 receptors. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis studies revealed that the nanobody acts by stabilizing the closed active state of the glutamate binding domain by interacting with both lobes. In contrast, this nanobody does not activate the heterodimeric mGlu2-4 but acts as a pure positive allosteric modulator. These data further reveal how an antibody can fully activate a class C receptor and bring further evidence that nanobodies represent an alternative way to specifically control mGlu receptor subtypes.
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20
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Zhou Y, Meng J, Xu C, Liu J. Multiple GPCR Functional Assays Based on Resonance Energy Transfer Sensors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:611443. [PMID: 34041234 PMCID: PMC8141573 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.611443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the largest membrane protein families that participate in various physiological and pathological activities. Accumulating structural evidences have revealed how GPCR activation induces conformational changes to accommodate the downstream G protein or β-arrestin. Multiple GPCR functional assays have been developed based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensors to monitor the conformational changes in GPCRs, GPCR/G proteins, or GPCR/β-arrestin, especially over the past two decades. Here, we will summarize how these sensors have been optimized to increase the sensitivity and compatibility for application in different GPCR classes using various labeling strategies, meanwhile provide multiple solutions in functional assays for high-throughput drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiyong Meng
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chanjuan Xu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Illuminating the allosteric modulation of the calcium-sensing receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21711-21722. [PMID: 32817431 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922231117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many membrane receptors are regulated by nutrients. However, how these nutrients control a single receptor remains unknown, even in the case of the well-studied calcium-sensing receptor CaSR, which is regulated by multiple factors, including ions and amino acids. Here, we developed an innovative cell-free Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based conformational CaSR biosensor to clarify the main conformational changes associated with activation. By allowing a perfect control of ambient nutrients, this assay revealed that Ca2+ alone fully stabilizes the active conformation, while amino acids behave as pure positive allosteric modulators. Based on the identification of Ca2+ activation sites, we propose a molecular basis for how these different ligands cooperate to control CaSR activation. Our results provide important information on CaSR function and improve our understanding of the effects of genetic mutations responsible for human diseases. They also provide insights into how a receptor can integrate signals from various nutrients to better adapt to the cell response.
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22
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Poc P, Gutzeit VA, Ast J, Lee J, Jones BJ, D'Este E, Mathes B, Lehmann M, Hodson DJ, Levitz J, Broichhagen J. Interrogating surface versus intracellular transmembrane receptor populations using cell-impermeable SNAP-tag substrates. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7871-7883. [PMID: 34123074 PMCID: PMC8163392 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02794d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Employing self-labelling protein tags for the attachment of fluorescent dyes has become a routine and powerful technique in optical microscopy to visualize and track fused proteins. However, membrane permeability of the dyes and the associated background signals can interfere with the analysis of extracellular labelling sites. Here we describe a novel approach to improve extracellular labelling by functionalizing the SNAP-tag substrate benzyl guanine ("BG") with a charged sulfonate ("SBG"). This chemical manipulation can be applied to any SNAP-tag substrate, improves solubility, reduces non-specific staining and renders the bioconjugation handle impermeable while leaving its cargo untouched. We report SBG-conjugated fluorophores across the visible spectrum, which cleanly label SNAP-fused proteins in the plasma membrane of living cells. We demonstrate the utility of SBG-conjugated fluorophores to interrogate class A, B and C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using a range of imaging approaches including nanoscopic superresolution imaging, analysis of GPCR trafficking from intra- and extracellular pools, in vivo labelling in mouse brain and analysis of receptor stoichiometry using single molecule pull down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Poc
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Chemical Biology Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Vanessa A Gutzeit
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Ben J Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London London W12 0NN UK
| | - Elisa D'Este
- Optical Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research Heidelberg Germany
| | - Bettina Mathes
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Chemical Biology Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biology Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY 10065 USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology New York NY 10065 USA
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Chemical Biology Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Department of Chemical Biology Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 13125 Berlin Germany
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23
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Shi P, Zhang Y, Lv P, Fang W, Ling S, Guo X, Li D, Liu S, Sun D, Zhang L, Liu D, Zheng JS, Tian C. A genetically encoded small-size fluorescent pair reveals allosteric conformational changes of G proteins upon its interaction with GPCRs by fluorescence lifetime based FRET. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6941-6944. [PMID: 32435777 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02691c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors) coupling for cognate G proteins play a critical role in signal transduction. Herein, we reported a site-specifically labelled small-sized fluorescent pair 7-HC/FlAsH ((7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)-ethylglycine/fluorescein arsenical hairpin) for fluorescence lifetime based FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) to reveal conformational differences of Gαi1 (inhibitory G proteins) and Gαs (stimulatory G proteins) upon β2AR (β2-adrenergic receptor) coupling. It offers a new generally applicable method to probe protein dynamic interactions or conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China.
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Nanoscale co-organization and coactivation of AMPAR, NMDAR, and mGluR at excitatory synapses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14503-14511. [PMID: 32513712 PMCID: PMC7321977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922563117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanoscale co-organization of neurotransmitter receptors facing presynaptic release sites is a fundamental determinant of their coactivation and of synaptic physiology. At excitatory synapses, how endogenous AMPARs, NMDARs, and mGluRs are co-organized inside the synapse and their respective activation during glutamate release are still unclear. Combining single-molecule superresolution microscopy, electrophysiology, and modeling, we determined the average quantity of each glutamate receptor type, their nanoscale organization, and their respective activation. We observed that NMDARs form a unique cluster mainly at the center of the PSD, while AMPARs segregate in clusters surrounding the NMDARs. mGluR5 presents a different organization and is homogenously dispersed at the synaptic surface. From these results, we build a model predicting the synaptic transmission properties of a unitary synapse, allowing better understanding of synaptic physiology.
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25
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Phosphoprotein Biosensors for Monitoring Pathological Protein Structural Changes. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:519-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lee J, Purushothaman B, Song JM. Inkjet Bioprinting on Parchment Paper for Hit Identification from Small Molecule Libraries. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:588-596. [PMID: 31956806 PMCID: PMC6964283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an inkjet bioprinting-based high-throughput screening (HTS) system was designed and applied for the first time to a catecholpyrimidine-based small molecule library to find hit compounds that inhibit c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase1 (JNK1). JNK1 kinase, inactivated MAPKAPK2, and specific fluorescent peptides along with bioink were printed on parchment paper under optimized printing conditions that did not allow rapid evaporation of printed media based on Triton-X and glycerol. Subsequently, different small compounds were printed and tested against JNK1 kinase to evaluate their degree of phosphorylation inhibition. After printing and incubation, fluorescence intensities from the phosphorylated/nonphosphorylated peptide were acquired for the % phosphorylation analysis. The IM50 (inhibitory mole 50) value was determined as 1.55 × 10-15 mol for the hit compound, 22. Thus, this work demonstrated that inkjet bioprinting-based HTS can potentially be adopted for the drug discovery process using small molecule libraries, and cost-effective HTS can be expected to be established based on its low nano- to picoliter printing volume.
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27
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Quast RB, Margeat E. Studying GPCR conformational dynamics by single molecule fluorescence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 493:110469. [PMID: 31163201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have experienced a tremendous amount of attention, which has led to a boost of structural and pharmacological insights on this large membrane protein superfamily involved in various essential physiological functions. Recently, evidence has emerged that, rather than being activated by ligands in an on/off manner switching from an inactive to an active state, GPCRs exhibit high structural flexibility in the absence and even in the presence of ligands. So far the physiological as well as pharmacological impact of this structural flexibility remains largely unexplored albeit its potential role in precisely fine-tuning receptor function and regulating the specificity of signal transduction into the cell. By complementing other biophysical approaches, single molecule fluorescence (SMF) offers the advantage of monitoring structural dynamics in biomolecules in real-time, with minimal structural invasiveness and in the context of complex biological environments. In this review a general introduction to GPCR structural dynamics is given followed by a presentation of SMF methods used to explore them. Particular attention is paid to single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET), a key method to measure actual distance changes between two probes, and highlight conformational changes occurring at timescales relevant for protein conformational movements. The available literature reporting on GPCR structural dynamics by SMF is discussed with a focus on the newly gained biological insights on receptor activation and signaling, in particular for the β2 adrenergic and the metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Quast
- CBS, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- CBS, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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28
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Xue L, Sun Q, Zhao H, Rovira X, Gai S, He Q, Pin JP, Liu J, Rondard P. Rearrangement of the transmembrane domain interfaces associated with the activation of a GPCR hetero-oligomer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2765. [PMID: 31235691 PMCID: PMC6591306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can integrate extracellular signals via allosteric interactions within dimers and higher-order oligomers. However, the structural bases of these interactions remain unclear. Here, we use the GABAB receptor heterodimer as a model as it forms large complexes in the brain. It is subjected to genetic mutations mainly affecting transmembrane 6 (TM6) and involved in human diseases. By cross-linking, we identify the transmembrane interfaces involved in GABAB1-GABAB2, as well as GABAB1-GABAB1 interactions. Our data are consistent with an oligomer made of a row of GABAB1. We bring evidence that agonist activation induces a concerted rearrangement of the various interfaces. While the GB1-GB2 interface is proposed to involve TM5 in the inactive state, cross-linking of TM6s lead to constitutive activity. These data bring insight for our understanding of the allosteric interaction between GPCRs within oligomers. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as GABAB, can integrate extracellular signals via allosteric interactions within dimers and oligomers. Here authors use crosslinking and identify two transmembrane interfaces in GABAB which undergo a concerted rearrangement upon agonist activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xue
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France.,Molecular Photopharmacology Research Group, The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, C. de la Laura, 13, Vic, 08500, Spain
| | - Siyu Gai
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qianwen He
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier cedex 05, France
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29
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Xu J, Tong X, Yu P, Wenya GE, McGrath T, Fong MJ, Wu J, Wang ZM. Ultrafast Dynamics of Charge Transfer and Photochemical Reactions in Solar Energy Conversion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800221. [PMID: 30581691 PMCID: PMC6299728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For decades, ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy has found its way into an increasing number of applications. It has become a vital technique to investigate energy conversion processes and charge transfer dynamics in optoelectronic systems such as solar cells and solar-driven photocatalytic applications. The understanding of charge transfer and photochemical reactions can help optimize and improve the performance of relevant devices with solar energy conversion processes. Here, the fundamental principles of photochemical and photophysical processes in photoinduced reactions, in which the fundamental charge carrier dynamic processes include interfacial electron transfer, singlet excitons, triplet excitons, excitons fission, and recombination, are reviewed. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy techniques provide a good understanding of the energy/electron transfer processes. These processes, including excited state generation and interfacial energy/electron transfer, are dominate constituents of solar energy conversion applications, for example, dye-sensitized solar cells and photocatalysis. An outlook for intrinsic electron/energy transfer dynamics via TA spectroscopic characterization is provided, establishing a foundation for the rational design of solar energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Yin Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Gideon Evans Wenya
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Thomas McGrath
- Department of PhysicsLancaster UniversityLancasterLancashireLA14YWUK
| | | | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College LondonTorrington PlaceLondonWC1E7JEUK
| | - Zhiming M. Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
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30
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Haider RS, Godbole A, Hoffmann C. To sense or not to sense-new insights from GPCR-based and arrestin-based biosensors. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 57:16-24. [PMID: 30408632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Advances in resolving crystal structures of GPCRs and their binding partners as well as improvements in live-cell microscopy and the fluorescent proteins pallet has greatly driven new ideas for designing optical sensors for the same. Sensors have been developed to monitor ligand binding as well as the ensuing ligand-induced conformational changes in GPCRs, G-proteins and arrestins. In this review we will highlight the functionality of such sensor designs starting from monitoring ligand binding to receptor activation and interaction with arrestins. Furthermore, we will highlight the importance of sensor designs to monitor receptor-dependent arrestin conformations and give an idea about the various detected arrestin conformations and their possible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Silvanus Haider
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Amod Godbole
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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31
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Baumdick M, Gelléri M, Uttamapinant C, Beránek V, Chin JW, Bastiaens PIH. A conformational sensor based on genetic code expansion reveals an autocatalytic component in EGFR activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3847. [PMID: 30242154 PMCID: PMC6155120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation by growth factors (GFs) relies on dimerization and allosteric activation of its intrinsic kinase activity, resulting in trans-phosphorylation of tyrosines on its C-terminal tail. While structural and biochemical studies identified this EGF-induced allosteric activation, imaging collective EGFR activation in cells and molecular dynamics simulations pointed at additional catalytic EGFR activation mechanisms. To gain more insight into EGFR activation mechanisms in living cells, we develop a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based conformational EGFR indicator (CONEGI) using genetic code expansion that reports on conformational transitions in the EGFR activation loop. Comparing conformational transitions, self-association and auto-phosphorylation of CONEGI and its Y845F mutant reveals that Y845 phosphorylation induces a catalytically active conformation in EGFR monomers. This conformational transition depends on EGFR kinase activity and auto-phosphorylation on its C-terminal tail, generating a looped causality that leads to autocatalytic amplification of EGFR phosphorylation at low EGF dose. Upon ligand binding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dimerizes and activates its intrinsic kinase to auto-phosphorylate EGFR. Here, the authors engineer and image a FRET-based conformational EGFR indicator which reveals that activation loop phosphorylation induces a catalytically active conformation in EGFR monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baumdick
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Street 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Márton Gelléri
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Street 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Street 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Chayasith Uttamapinant
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Václav Beránek
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jason W Chin
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Philippe I H Bastiaens
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Street 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. .,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Street 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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32
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Auriau J, Roujeau C, Belaid Choucair Z, Oishi A, Derviaux C, Roux T, Trinquet E, Hermine O, Jockers R, Dam J. Gain of affinity for VEGF165 binding within the VEGFR2/NRP1 cellular complex detected by an HTRF-based binding assay. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:45-59. [PMID: 30236477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplin 1 (NRP1), a transmembrane protein interacting with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor VEGF-A165 (called here VEGF165) and the tyrosine kinase Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) promote angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In a pathophysiological context, several studies suggested that VEGFR2 and NRP1 mediate tumor development and progression. Given the involvement of the VEGF165 network in promoting tumor angiogenesis, NRP1, VEGFR2 and VEGF165 have been identified as targets for anti-angiogenic therapy. No binding assay exists to monitor specifically the binding of VEGF165 to the VEGFR2/NRP1 complex in intact cells. We established a binding assay based on the homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF®) technology. This unique binding assay enables to assess the interaction of VEGF165 with VEGFR2 or NRP1 within the VEGFR2/NRP1 complex. Ligand binding saturation experiments revealed that VEGF165 binds the VEGFR2/NRP1 complex at the cell surface with a ten to twenty-fold higher affinity compared to SNAP-VEGFR2 or SNAP-NRP1 receptors alone not engaged in the heteromeric complex. The assay allows characterizing the impact of NRP1 ligands on VEGF165 to the complex. It shows high specificity, reproducibility and robustness, making it compatible with high throughput screening (HTS) applications for identifying new VEGF165 antagonists selective for NRP1 or the VEGFR2/NRP1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Auriau
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Clara Roujeau
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zakia Belaid Choucair
- Hôpital Necker, CNRS UMR 8147, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France And THERANOVIR, Pépinière Genopole Entreprise, Evry, France
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carine Derviaux
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Roux
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200 Codolet, France
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio Bioassays, Parc Technologique Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200 Codolet, France
| | | | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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33
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Belhocine A, Veglianese P, Hounsou C, Dupuis E, Acher F, Durroux T, Goudet C, Pin JP. Profiling of orthosteric and allosteric group-III metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands on various G protein-coupled receptors with Tag-lite ® assays. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:233-245. [PMID: 30099051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Group-III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are important synaptic regulators and are potential druggable targets for Parkinson disease, autism and pain. Potential drugs include orthosteric agonists in the glutamate binding extracellular domain and positive allosteric modulators interacting with seven-pass transmembrane domains. Orthosteric agonists are rarely completely specific for an individual group-III mGlu subtype. Furthermore they often fail to pass the blood-brain barrier and they constitutively activate their target receptor. These properties limit the potential therapeutic use of orthosteric agonists. Allosteric modulators are more specific and maintain the biological activity of the targeted receptor. However, they bind in a hydrophobic pocket and this limits their bio-availability and increases possible off-target action. It is therefore important to characterize the action of potential drug targets with a multifaceted and deeply informative assay. Here we aimed at multifaceted deep profiling of the effect of seven different agonists, and seven positive allosteric modulators on 34 different G protein-coupled receptors by a Tag-lite® assay. Our results did not reveal off-target activity of mGlu orthosteric agonists. However, five allosteric modulators had either positive or negative effects on non-cognate G protein-coupled receptors. In conclusion, we demonstrate the power of the Tag-lite® assay for potential drug ligand profiling on G protein-coupled receptors and its potential to identify positive allosteric compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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34
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Tora AS, Rovira X, Cao AM, Cabayé A, Olofsson L, Malhaire F, Scholler P, Baik H, Van Eeckhaut A, Smolders I, Rondard P, Margeat E, Acher F, Pin JP, Goudet C. Chloride ions stabilize the glutamate-induced active state of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:275-286. [PMID: 30102917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the essential roles of glutamate, detection and response to a large range of extracellular concentrations of this excitatory amino acid are necessary for the fine-tuning of brain functions. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are implicated in shaping the activity of many synapses in the central nervous system. Among the eight mGluR subtypes, there is increasing interest in studying the mGlu3 receptor which has recently been linked to various diseases, including psychiatric disorders. This receptor displays striking functional properties, with a high and, often, full basal activity, making its study elusive in heterologous systems. Here, we demonstrate that Cl- ions exert strong positive allosteric modulation of glutamate on the mGlu3 receptor. We have also identified the molecular and structural determinants lying behind this allostery: a unique interactive "chloride-lock" network. Indeed, Cl- ions dramatically stabilize the glutamate-induced active state of the extracellular domain of the mGlu3 receptor. Thus, the mGlu3 receptors' large basal activity does not correspond to a constitutive activity in absence of agonist. Instead, it results mostly from a Cl-mediated amplified response to low ambient glutamate concentrations, such as those measured in cell media. This strong interaction between glutamate and Cl- ions allows the mGlu3 receptor to sense and efficiently react to sub-micromolar concentrations of glutamate, making it the most sensitive member of mGluR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie S Tora
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France; Present Address: Molecular Photopharmacology Research Group, The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, C. de La Laura,13, 08500, Vic, Spain
| | - Anne-Marinette Cao
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Cabayé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75270, Paris Cedex 6, France
| | - Linnéa Olofsson
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Scholler
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Hayeon Baik
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR/FASC), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Research Group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR/FASC), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Philippe Rondard
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Margeat
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Francine Acher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75270, Paris Cedex 6, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
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35
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Oligomerization of a G protein-coupled receptor in neurons controlled by its structural dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10414. [PMID: 29991736 PMCID: PMC6039492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play essential roles in intercellular communication. Although reported two decades ago, the assembly of GPCRs into dimer and larger oligomers in their native environment is still a matter of intense debate. Here, using number and brightness analysis of fluorescently labeled receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons, we confirm that the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 (mGlu2) is a homodimer at expression levels in the physiological range, while heterodimeric GABAB receptors form larger complexes. Surprisingly, we observed the formation of larger mGlu2 oligomers upon both activation and inhibition of the receptor. Stabilizing the receptor in its inactive conformation using biochemical constraints also led to the observation of oligomers. Following our recent observation that mGlu receptors are in constant and rapid equilibrium between several states under basal conditions, we propose that this structural heterogeneity limits receptor oligomerization. Such assemblies are expected to stabilize either the active or the inactive state of the receptor.
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36
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Frangaj A, Fan QR. Structural biology of GABA B receptor. Neuropharmacology 2018; 136:68-79. [PMID: 29031577 PMCID: PMC5897222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic GABAB receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates slow and prolonged inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain. It functions as a constitutive heterodimer composed of the GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits. Each subunit contains three domains; the extracellular Venus flytrap module, seven-helix transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail. In recent years, the three-dimensional structures of GABAB receptor extracellular and intracellular domains have been elucidated. These structures reveal the molecular basis of ligand recognition, receptor heterodimerization and receptor activation. Here we provide a brief review of the GABAB receptor structures, with an emphasis on describing the different ligand-bound states of the receptor. We will also compare these with the known structures of related GPCRs to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation in the GABAB system, as well as GPCR dimers in general. This article is part of the "Special Issue Dedicated to Norman G. Bowery".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Frangaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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37
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Huang T, Zhu Z, Xue R, Wu T, Liao P, Liu Z, Xiao Y, Huang J, Yan Y. Allosteric Self-Assembly of Coordinating Terthiophene Amphiphile for Triggered Light Harvesting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5935-5942. [PMID: 29708341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric regulation is extensively employed by nature to achieve functional control of protein or deoxyribonucleic acid through triggered conformational change at a remote site. We report that a similar strategy can be utilized in artificial self-assembly to control the self-assembled structure and its function. We show that on binding of metal ions to the headgroup of an amphiphile TTC4L, the conformational change may lead to change of the dipole orientation of the energy donor at the chain end. This on the one hand leads to a drastically different self-assembled structure; on the other hand, it enables light harvesting between the donor-acceptor. Because the Forster resonance fluorescence transfer efficiency is gated by metal ions, controlling the feeding of metal ions allows switching on and off of light harvesting. We expect that using allosteric self-assembly, we will be able to create abundant structures with distinct function from limited molecules, which show prominent potential for the postorganic modification of the structure and function of self-assembled materials.
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38
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Podewin T, Ast J, Broichhagen J, Fine NHF, Nasteska D, Leippe P, Gailer M, Buenaventura T, Kanda N, Jones BJ, M’Kadmi C, Baneres JL, Marie J, Tomas A, Trauner D, Hoffmann-Röder A, Hodson DJ. Conditional and Reversible Activation of Class A and B G Protein-Coupled Receptors Using Tethered Pharmacology. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:166-179. [PMID: 29532016 PMCID: PMC5832994 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the activation and internalization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) using conditional approaches is paramount to developing new therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and testing of ExONatide, a benzylguanine-linked peptide agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a class B GPCR required for maintenance of glucose levels in humans. ExONatide covalently binds to SNAP-tagged GLP-1R-expressing cells, leading to prolonged cAMP generation, Ca2+ rises, and intracellular retention of the receptor. These effects were readily switched OFF following cleavage of the introduced disulfide bridge using the cell-permeable reducing agent beta-mercaptoethanol (BME). A similar approach could be extended to a class A GPCR using GhrelON, a benzylguanine-linked peptide agonist of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a), which is involved in food intake and growth. Thus, ExONatide and GhrelON allow SNAP-tag-directed activation of class A and B GPCRs involved in gut hormone signaling in a reversible manner. This tactic, termed reductively cleavable agONist (RECON), may be useful for understanding GLP-1R and GHS-R1a function both in vitro and in vivo, with applicability across GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Podewin
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Ast
- Institute
of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham
Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom, and COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham
Midlands
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas H. F. Fine
- Institute
of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham
Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom, and COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham
Midlands
| | - Daniela Nasteska
- Institute
of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham
Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom, and COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham
Midlands
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Gailer
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Buenaventura
- Section
of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha Kanda
- Section
of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ben J. Jones
- Section
of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and
Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Celine M’Kadmi
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue
Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Louis Baneres
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue
Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jacky Marie
- Institut des Biomolécules
Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM,
Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue
Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section
of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- (D.T.) E-mail:
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- (A.H.-R.) E-mail:
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute
of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham
Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom, and COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham
Midlands
- (D.J.H.)
E-mail:
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Goudet C, Rovira X, Llebaria A. Shedding light on metabotropic glutamate receptors using optogenetics and photopharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 38:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Scholler P, Nevoltris D, de Bundel D, Bossi S, Moreno-Delgado D, Rovira X, Møller TC, El Moustaine D, Mathieu M, Blanc E, McLean H, Dupuis E, Mathis G, Trinquet E, Daniel H, Valjent E, Baty D, Chames P, Rondard P, Pin JP. Allosteric nanobodies uncover a role of hippocampal mGlu2 receptor homodimers in contextual fear consolidation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1967. [PMID: 29213077 PMCID: PMC5719040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have enormous therapeutic and biotechnology potential. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the main targets in drug development, are of major interest in antibody development programs. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are dimeric GPCRs that can control synaptic activity in a multitude of ways. Here we identify llama nanobodies that specifically recognize mGlu2 receptors, among the eight subtypes of mGluR subunits. Among these nanobodies, DN10 and 13 are positive allosteric modulators (PAM) on homodimeric mGlu2, while DN10 displays also a significant partial agonist activity. DN10 and DN13 have no effect on mGlu2-3 and mGlu2-4 heterodimers. These PAMs enhance the inhibitory action of the orthosteric mGlu2/mGlu3 agonist, DCG-IV, at mossy fiber terminals in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices. DN13 also impairs contextual fear memory when injected in the CA3 region of hippocampal region. These data highlight the potential of developing antibodies with allosteric actions on GPCRs to better define their roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Scholler
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
- Cisbio Bioassays, F-30200, Codolet, France
| | - Damien Nevoltris
- Cisbio Bioassays, F-30200, Codolet, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Dimitri de Bundel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Bossi
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - David Moreno-Delgado
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Thor C Møller
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Driss El Moustaine
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Michaël Mathieu
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanc
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Heather McLean
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Daniel
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
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41
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Kauk M, Hoffmann C. Intramolecular and Intermolecular FRET Sensors for GPCRs - Monitoring Conformational Changes and Beyond. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 39:123-135. [PMID: 29180026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decade, a large increase in structural knowledge from crystallographic studies has significantly fostered our understanding of the structural biology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, information on dynamic events upon receptor activation or deactivation is not yet readily accessed by these structural approaches. GPCR-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer sensors or sensors for interacting proteins (e.g., G proteins or arrestins) can in part cover this gap. The principal design of such sensors was reported 15 years ago. Since then, sensors for almost 20 different GPCRs have been designed. If used with necessary controls and cautious interpretation, such sensors can contribute significantly to our understanding of the basic mechanisms of GPCR function and beyond. In this review, we will discuss the recent developments in this area of GPCR dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kauk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll Straße 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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42
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Massey M, Medintz IL, Ancona MG, Algar WR. Time-Gated FRET and DNA-Based Photonic Molecular Logic Gates: AND, OR, NAND, and NOR. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1205-1214. [PMID: 28787151 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular logic devices (MLDs) constructed from DNA are promising for applications in bioanalysis, computing, and other applications requiring Boolean logic. These MLDs accept oligonucleotide inputs and generate fluorescence output through changes in structure. Although fluorescent dyes are most common in MLD designs, nontraditional luminescent materials with unique optical properties can potentially enhance MLD capabilities. In this context, luminescent lanthanide complexes (LLCs) have been largely overlooked. Here, we demonstrate a set of high-contrast DNA photonic logic gates based on toehold-mediated strand displacement and time-gated FRET. The gates include NAND, NOR, OR, and AND designs that accept two unlabeled target oligonucleotide sequences as inputs. Bright "true" output states utilize time-gated, FRET-sensitized emission from an Alexa Fluor 546 (A546) dye acceptor paired with a luminescent terbium cryptate (Tb) donor. Dark "false" output states are generated through either displacement of the A546, or through competitive and sequential quenching of the Tb or A546 by a dark quencher. Time-gated FRET and the long luminescence lifetime and spectrally narrow emission lines of the Tb donor enable 4-10-fold contrast between Boolean outputs, ≤10% signal variation for a common output, multicolor implementation of two logic gates in parallel, and effective performance in buffer and serum. These metrics exceed those reported for many other logic gate designs with only fluorescent dyes and with other non-LLC materials. Preliminary three-input AND and NAND gates are also demonstrated. The powerful combination of an LLC FRET donor with DNA-based logic gates is anticipated to have many future applications in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Massey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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43
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Moreno Delgado D, Møller TC, Ster J, Giraldo J, Maurel D, Rovira X, Scholler P, Zwier JM, Perroy J, Durroux T, Trinquet E, Prezeau L, Rondard P, Pin JP. Pharmacological evidence for a metabotropic glutamate receptor heterodimer in neuronal cells. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28661401 PMCID: PMC5540479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are mandatory dimers playing important roles in regulating CNS function. Although assumed to form exclusive homodimers, 16 possible heterodimeric mGluRs have been proposed but their existence in native cells remains elusive. Here, we set up two assays to specifically identify the pharmacological properties of rat mGlu heterodimers composed of mGlu2 and 4 subunits. We used either a heterodimer-specific conformational LRET-based biosensor or a system that guarantees the cell surface targeting of the heterodimer only. We identified mGlu2-4 specific pharmacological fingerprints that were also observed in a neuronal cell line and in lateral perforant path terminals naturally expressing mGlu2 and mGlu4. These results bring strong evidence for the existence of mGlu2-4 heterodimers in native cells. In addition to reporting a general approach to characterize heterodimeric mGluRs, our study opens new avenues to understanding the pathophysiological roles of mGlu heterodimers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25233.001
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno Delgado
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thor C Møller
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Ster
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Institut de Neurociències and Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Network Biomedical Research Center on Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damien Maurel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Scholler
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Julie Perroy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durroux
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Prezeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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