1
|
Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Analysis of endogenous NOTCH1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts reveals the importance of the O-fucose modification on EGF12 in human development. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae047. [PMID: 38976017 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor interacting with membrane-tethered ligands on opposing cells that mediate the direct cell-cell interaction necessary for many cell fate decisions. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) adds O-fucose to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain, which is required for trafficking and signaling activation. We previously showed that POFUT1 S162L caused a 90% loss of POFUT1 activity and global developmental defects in a patient; however, the mechanism by which POFUT1 contributes to these symptoms is still unclear. Compared to controls, POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblast cells had an equivalent amount of NOTCH1 on the cell surface but showed a 60% reduction of DLL1 ligand binding and a 70% reduction in JAG1 ligand binding. To determine if the reduction of O-fucose on NOTCH1 in POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts was the cause of these effects, we immunopurified endogenous NOTCH1 from control and patient fibroblasts and analyzed O-fucosylation using mass spectral glycoproteomics methods. NOTCH1 EGF8 to EGF12 comprise the ligand binding domain, and O-fucose on EGF8 and EGF12 physically interact with ligands to enhance affinity. Glycoproteomics of NOTCH1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts showed WT fucosylation levels at all sites analyzed except for a large decrease at EGF9 and the complete absence of O-fucose at EGF12. Since the loss of O-fucose on EGF12 is known to have significant effects on NOTCH1 activity, this may explain the symptoms observed in the POFUT1 S162L patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kelvin B Luther
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Q, Guo W, Qian Y, Li S, Li L, Zhu Z, Wang F, Tong Y, Xia Q, Liu Y. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 promotes PD-L1 stability to drive immune evasion and directs liver cancer to immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008917. [PMID: 38908854 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in cancer progression and immunotherapy response. Despite the considerable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, the limited response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge for its clinical implications. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) that drives HCC immune evasion and explored a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing ICB efficacy. METHODS De novo MYC/Trp53-/- liver tumor and the xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the function of POFUT1 in immune evasion. Biochemical assays were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of POFUT1-mediated immune evasion. RESULTS We identified POFUT1 as a crucial promoter of immune evasion in liver cancer. Notably, POFUT1 promoted HCC progression and inhibited T-cell infiltration in the xenograft tumor and de novo MYC/Trp53-/- mouse liver tumor models. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that POFUT1 stabilized programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein by preventing tripartite motif containing 21-mediated PD-L1 ubiquitination and degradation independently of its protein-O-fucosyltransferase activity. In addition, we further demonstrated that PD-L1 was required for the tumor-promoting and immune evasion effects of POFUT1 in HCC. Importantly, inhibition of POFUT1 could synergize with anti-programmed death receptor 1 therapy by remodeling TME in the xenograft tumor mouse model. Clinically, POFUT1 high expression displayed a lower response rate and worse clinical outcome to ICB therapies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that POFUT1 functions as a novel regulator of tumor immune evasion and inhibition of POFUT1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of immune therapy in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyun Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Qian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songling Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijun Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Renji-Med-X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Analysis of endogenous NOTCH1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts reveals the importance of the O -fucose modification on EGF12 in human development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588484. [PMID: 38645096 PMCID: PMC11030454 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
NOTCH1 (N1) is a transmembrane receptor interacting with membrane-tethered ligands on opposing cells that mediate the direct cell-cell interaction necessary for many cell fate decisions. Protein O -fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) adds O -fucose to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain, which is required for trafficking and signaling activation. We previously showed that POFUT1 S162L caused a 90% loss of POFUT1 activity and global developmental defects in a patient; however, the mechanism by which POFUT1 contributes to these symptoms is still unclear. Compared to controls, POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblast cells had an equivalent amount of N1 on the cell surface but showed a 60% reduction of DLL1 ligand binding and a 70% reduction in JAG1 ligand binding. To determine if the reduction of O -fucose on N1 in POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts was the cause of these effects, we immunopurified endogenous N1 from control and patient fibroblasts and analyzed O -fucosylation using mass spectral glycoproteomics methods. N1 EGF8 to EGF12 comprise the ligand binding domain, and O -fucose on EGF8 and EGF12 physically interact with ligands to enhance affinity. Glycoproteomics of N1 from POFUT1 S162L patient fibroblasts showed WT fucosylation levels at all sites analyzed except for a large decrease at EGF9 and the complete absence of O -fucose at EGF12. Since the loss of O -fucose on EGF12 is known to have significant effects on N1 activity, this may explain the symptoms observed in the POFUT1 S162L patient.
Collapse
|
4
|
Michelerio A, Greco A, Tomasini D, Tomasini C. Galli-Galli Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2024; 11:79-100. [PMID: 38390850 PMCID: PMC10885078 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Galli-Galli disease (GGD) is a rare genodermatosis that exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance. GGD typically manifests with erythematous macules, papules, and reticulate hyperpigmentation in flexural areas. A distinct atypical variant exists, which features brown macules predominantly on the trunk, lower limbs, and extremities, with a notable absence of the hallmark reticulated hyperpigmentation in flexural areas. This review includes a detailed literature search and examines cases since GGD's first description in 1982. It aims to synthesize the current knowledge on GGD, covering its etiology, clinical presentation, histopathology, diagnosis, and treatment. A significant aspect of this review is the exploration of the genetic, histopathological, and clinical parallels between GGD and Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), which is another rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, particularly focusing on their shared mutations in the KRT5 and POGLUT1 genes. This supports the hypothesis that GGD and DDD may be different phenotypic expressions of the same pathological condition, although they have traditionally been recognized as separate entities, with suprabasal acantholysis being a distinctive feature of GGD. Lastly, this review discusses the existing treatment approaches, underscoring the absence of established guidelines and the limited effectiveness of various treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Michelerio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Dario Tomasini
- Dermatology Unit, ASST Valle Olona, 21052 Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Carlo Tomasini
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Houlahan CB, Kong Y, Johnston B, Cielesh M, Chau TH, Fenwick J, Coleman PR, Hao H, Haltiwanger RS, Thaysen-Andersen M, Passam FH, Larance M. Analysis of the Healthy Platelet Proteome Identifies a New Form of Domain-Specific O-Fucosylation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100717. [PMID: 38237698 PMCID: PMC10879016 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation induces the secretion of proteins that promote platelet aggregation and inflammation. However, detailed analysis of the released platelet proteome is hampered by platelets' tendency to preactivate during their isolation and a lack of sensitive protocols for low abundance releasate analysis. Here, we detail the most sensitive analysis to date of the platelet releasate proteome with the detection of >1300 proteins. Unbiased scanning for posttranslational modifications within releasate proteins highlighted O-glycosylation as being a major component. For the first time, we detected O-fucosylation on previously uncharacterized sites including multimerin-1 (MMRN1), a major alpha granule protein that supports platelet adhesion to collagen and is a carrier for platelet factor V. The N-terminal elastin microfibril interface (EMI) domain of MMRN1, a key site for protein-protein interaction, was O-fucosylated at a conserved threonine within a new domain context. Our data suggest that either protein O-fucosyltransferase 1, or a novel protein O-fucosyltransferase, may be responsible for this modification. Mutating this O-fucose site on the EMI domain led to a >50% reduction of MMRN1 secretion, supporting a key role of EMI O-fucosylation in MMRN1 secretion. By comparing releasates from resting and thrombin-treated platelets, 202 proteins were found to be significantly released after high-dose thrombin stimulation. Complementary quantification of the platelet lysates identified >3800 proteins, which confirmed the platelet origin of releasate proteins by anticorrelation analysis. Low-dose thrombin treatment yielded a smaller subset of significantly regulated proteins with fewer secretory pathway enzymes. The extensive platelet proteome resource provided here (larancelab.com/platelet-proteome) allows identification of novel regulatory mechanisms for drug targeting to address platelet dysfunction and thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callum B Houlahan
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kong
- Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bede Johnston
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Cielesh
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - The Huong Chau
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jemma Fenwick
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul R Coleman
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huilin Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia; Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Freda H Passam
- The Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi M, Nan XR, Liu BQ. The Multifaceted Role of FUT8 in Tumorigenesis: From Pathways to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1068. [PMID: 38256141 PMCID: PMC10815953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
FUT8, the sole glycosyltransferase responsible for N-glycan core fucosylation, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and development. Aberrant FUT8 expression disrupts the function of critical cellular components and triggers the abnormality of tumor signaling pathways, leading to malignant transformations such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. The association between FUT8 and unfavorable outcomes in various tumors underscores its potential as a valuable diagnostic marker. Given the remarkable variation in biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of FUT8 across different tumor types, gaining a comprehensive understanding of its complexity is imperative. Here, we review how FUT8 plays roles in tumorigenesis and development, and how this outcome could be utilized to develop potential clinical therapies for tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bao-Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (M.S.); (X.-R.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haymour L, Pennarubia F, Le Faou CC, Pinault E, Germot A, Maftah A, Legardinier S. POFUT1-mediated O-fucosylation of glycoproteins expressed in the baculovirus Sf9 insect cell expression system. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:53-64. [PMID: 38070779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
The baculovirus-insect cell expression system allows addition of O-fucose to EGF-like domains of glycoproteins, following the action of the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 named POFUT1. In this study, recombinant Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells was compared to recombinant Mus musculus POFUT1 produced by CHO cells. Contrary to recombinant murine POFUT1 carrying two hybrid and/or complex type N-glycans, Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 exhibited paucimannose N-glycans, at least on its highly evolutionary conserved across Metazoa NRT site. The abilities of both recombinant enzymes to add in vitro O -fucose to EGF-like domains of three different recombinant mammalian glycoproteins were then explored. In vitro POFUT1-mediated O-fucosylation experiments, followed by click chemistry and blot analyses, showed that Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 was able to add O-fucose to mouse NOTCH1 EGF-like 26 and WIF1 EGF-like 3 domains, similarly to the murine counterpart. As proved by mass spectrometry, full-length human WNT Inhibitor Factor 1 expressed by Sf9 cells was also modified with O-fucose. However, Spodoptera frugiperda POFUT1 was unable to modify the single EGF-like domain of mouse PAMR1 with O-fucose, contrary to murine POFUT1. Absence of orthologous proteins such as PAMR1 in insects may explain the enzyme's difficulty in adding O-fucose to a domain that it never encounters naturally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Haymour
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Limoges 22722, France
| | | | | | - Emilie Pinault
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Limoges, BISCEm, UAR 2015, US 42, Limoges F-87000, France
| | - Agnès Germot
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Limoges 22722, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen J, Zeng X, Zhang W, Li G, Zhong H, Xu C, Li X, Lin T. Fucosyltransferase 9 promotes neuronal differentiation and functional recovery after spinal cord injury by suppressing the activation of Notch signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1571-1581. [PMID: 37674364 PMCID: PMC10577474 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffer from permanent disabilities such as severe motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction. Neural stem cell transplantation has proven to be a potential strategy to promote regeneration of the spinal cord, since NSCs can produce neurotrophic growth factors and differentiate into mature neurons to reconstruct the injured site. However, it is necessary to optimize the differentiation of NSCs before transplantation to achieve a better regenerative outcome. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to a transition from NSCs to neurons, while the underlying mechanism remains inadequately understood. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of fucosyltransferase 9 (Fut9), which is upregulated by Wnt4, promotes neuronal differentiation by suppressing the activation of Notch signaling through disruption of furin-like enzyme activity during S1 cleavage. In an in vivo study, Fut9-modified NSCs efficiently differentiates into neurons to promote functional and histological recovery after SCI. Our research provides insight into the mechanisms of Notch signaling and a potential treatment strategy for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xiaolin Zeng
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Haoming Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Chengzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Cui X, Wang L, Fan N, Yu M, Qin H, Liu S, Yan Q. α1,3-fucosylation of MEST promotes invasion potential of cytotrophoblast cells by activating translation initiation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:651. [PMID: 37798282 PMCID: PMC10556033 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation into the uterus is the gateway for successful pregnancy. Proper migration and invasion of embryonic trophoblast cells are the key for embryo implantation, and dysfunction causes pregnancy failure. Protein glycosylation plays crucial roles in reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether the glycosylation of trophoblasts is involved in trophoblast migration and invasion processes during embryo implantation failure. By Lectin array, we discovered the decreased α1,3-fucosylation, especially difucosylated Lewis Y (LeY) glycan, in the villus tissues of miscarriage patients when compared with normal pregnancy women. Downregulating LeY biosynthesis by silencing the key enzyme fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) inhibited migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. Using proteomics and translatomics, the specific LeY scaffolding glycoprotein of mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) with glycosylation site at Asn163 was identified, and its expression enhanced migration and invasion ability of trophoblast cells. The results also provided novel evidence showing that decreased LeY modification on MEST hampered the binding of MEST with translation factor eIF4E2, and inhibited implantation-related gene translation initiation, which caused pregnancy failure. The α1,3-fucosylation of MEST by FUT4 may serve as a new biomarker for evaluating the functional state of pregnancy, and a target for infertility treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ningning Fan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Qiu Yan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang N, Long L, Li G, Wu X, Peng S, Jiang Y, Xiang A, Mao X, Huang H, Yang Z. Preliminary study on the mechanism of POFUT1 in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:235. [PMID: 37432515 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the effect of POFUT1 (Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1) on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to explore its potential mechanism. The effects of POFUT1 silencing in vitro on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of CRC cells were investigated using the SW480 and RKO cell lines. The effect of POFUT1 expression on cell phenotype was detected by cell proliferation assay (CCK8), colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, transwell assay, cell apoptosis assay, etc. In vitro, silencing of POFUT1 resulted in decreased proliferation, cell cycle arrest, reduced migration and increased apoptosis of CRC cells. In CRC cells, POFUT1 plays a tumour-promoting role by promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianfeng Zhang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Linna Long
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China
| | - Guang Li
- Yueyang Central Hospital, Yueyang, China
| | - Xingang Wu
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Shubin Peng
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Anping Xiang
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - Xianhua Mao
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Yueyang, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China.
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ChangSha, China.
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grennell JA, Jenkins KD, Luther KB, Glushka J, Haltiwanger RS, Macnaughtan MA. 1H, 15N, 13C backbone and sidechain resonance assignments and secondary structure of mouse NOTCH1 EGF27. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2023; 17:27-35. [PMID: 36565355 PMCID: PMC10626972 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor in metazoans that is linked to a variety of disorders. The receptor contains an extracellular domain (ECD) with 36 tandem epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats. The ECD is responsible for intercellular signaling via protein-ligand interactions with neighboring cells. Each EGF repeat consists of approximately 40 amino acids and 3 conserved disulfide bonds. The Abruptex region (EGF24-29) is critical for NOTCH1 signaling and is known for its missense mutations. Certain EGF repeats are modified with the addition of O-linked glycans and many have calcium binding sites, which give each EGF repeat a unique function. It has been shown that the loss of the O-fucose site of EGF27 alters NOTCH1 activity. To investigate the role of glycosylation in the NOTCH1 signaling pathway, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been employed to study the structures of EGF27 and its glycoforms. Here, we report the backbone and sidechain 1H, 15N, and 13C-resonance assignments of the unmodified EGF27 protein and the predicted secondary structure derived from the assigned chemical shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Grennell
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Range, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kendra D Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Range, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kelvin B Luther
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John Glushka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Megan A Macnaughtan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Range, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li H, Chapla D, Amos RA, Ramiah A, Moremen KW, Li H. Structural basis for heparan sulfate co-polymerase action by the EXT1-2 complex. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:565-574. [PMID: 36593275 PMCID: PMC10160006 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are extended (-GlcAβ1,4GlcNAcα1,4-)n co-polymers containing decorations of sulfation and epimerization that are linked to cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins. In mammals, HS repeat units are extended by an obligate heterocomplex of two exostosin family members, EXT1 and EXT2, where each protein monomer contains distinct GT47 (GT-B fold) and GT64 (GT-A fold) glycosyltransferase domains. In this study, we generated human EXT1-EXT2 (EXT1-2) as a functional heterocomplex and determined its structure in the presence of bound donor and acceptor substrates. Structural data and enzyme activity of catalytic site mutants demonstrate that only two of the four glycosyltransferase domains are major contributors to co-polymer syntheses: the EXT1 GT-B fold β1,4GlcA transferase domain and the EXT2 GT-A fold α1,4GlcNAc transferase domain. The two catalytic sites are over 90 Å apart, indicating that HS is synthesized by a dissociative process that involves a single catalytic site on each monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Digantkumar Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert A Amos
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Annapoorani Ramiah
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zentella R, Wang Y, Zahn E, Hu J, Jiang L, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Sun TP. SPINDLY O-fucosylates nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins involved in diverse cellular processes in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1546-1560. [PMID: 36740243 PMCID: PMC10022643 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
SPINDLY (SPY) is a novel nucleocytoplasmic protein O-fucosyltransferase that regulates target protein activity or stability via O-fucosylation of specific Ser/Thr residues. Previous genetic studies indicate that AtSPY regulates plant development during vegetative and reproductive growth by modulating gibberellin and cytokinin responses. AtSPY also regulates the circadian clock and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The pleiotropic phenotypes of spy mutants point to the likely role of AtSPY in regulating key proteins functioning in diverse cellular pathways. However, very few AtSPY targets are known. Here, we identified 88 SPY targets from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Nicotiana benthamiana via the purification of O-fucosylated peptides using Aleuria aurantia lectin followed by electron transfer dissociation-MS/MS analysis. Most AtSPY targets were nuclear proteins that function in DNA repair, transcription, RNA splicing, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Cytoplasmic AtSPY targets were involved in microtubule-mediated cell division/growth and protein folding. A comparison with the published O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) proteome revealed that 30% of AtSPY targets were also O-GlcNAcylated, indicating that these distinct glycosylations could co-regulate many protein functions. This study unveiled the roles of O-fucosylation in modulating many key nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and provided a valuable resource for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Zentella
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Emily Zahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Tai-ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Structural insights into mechanism and specificity of the plant protein O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7424. [PMID: 36456586 PMCID: PMC9715652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase family 41 (GT41) protein SPINDLY (SPY) plays pleiotropic roles in plant development. Despite the amino acid sequence is similar to human O-GlcNAc transferase, Arabidopsis SPY has been identified as a novel nucleocytoplasmic protein O-fucosyltransferase. SPY-like proteins extensively exist in diverse organisms, indicating that O-fucosylation by SPY is a common way to regulate intracellular protein functions. However, the details of how SPY recognizes and glycosylates substrates are unknown. Here, we present a crystal structure of Arabidopsis SPY/GDP complex at 2.85 Å resolution. SPY adopts a head-to-tail dimer. Strikingly, the conformation of a 'catalytic SPY'/GDP/'substrate SPY' complex formed by two symmetry-related SPY dimers is captured in the crystal lattice. The structure together with mutagenesis and enzymatic data demonstrate SPY can fucosylate itself and SPY's self-fucosylation region negatively regulates its enzyme activity, reveal SPY's substrate recognition and enzyme mechanism, and provide insights into the glycan donor substrate selection in GT41 proteins.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sanz‐Martínez I, García‐García A, Tejero T, Hurtado‐Guerrero R, Merino P. The Essential Role of Water Molecules in the Reaction Mechanism of Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213610. [PMID: 36260536 PMCID: PMC9828666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (PoFUT2) is an inverting glycosyltransferase (GT) that fucosylates thrombospondin repeats (TSRs) from group 1 and 2. PoFUT2 recognizes a large and diverse number of TSRs through a dynamic network of water-mediated interactions. By X-ray structural studies of C. elegans PoFUT2 complexed to a TSR of group 2, we demonstrate that this GT recognizes similarly the 3D structure of TSRs from both groups 1 and 2. Its active site is highly exposed to the solvent, suggesting that water molecules might also play an essential role in the fucosylation mechanism. We applied QM/MM methods using human PoFUT2 as a model, and found that HsPoFUT2 follows a classical SN 2 reaction mechanism in which water molecules contribute to a great extent in facilitating the release of the leaving pyrophosphate unit, causing the H transfer from the acceptor nucleophile (Thr/Ser) to the catalytic base, which is the last event in the reaction. This demonstrates the importance of water molecules not only in recognition of the ligands but also in catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz‐Martínez
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI).Universidad de Zaragoza50018ZaragozaSpain
| | - Ana García‐García
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI).Universidad de Zaragoza50018ZaragozaSpain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH).Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Ramón Hurtado‐Guerrero
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI).Universidad de Zaragoza50018ZaragozaSpain,Copenhagen Center for GlycomicsDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDK-2200Denmark,Fundación ARAIDZaragoza50018Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI).Universidad de Zaragoza50018ZaragozaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pennarubia F, Ito A, Takeuchi M, Haltiwanger RS. Cancer-associated Notch receptor variants lead to O-fucosylation defects that deregulate Notch signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102616. [PMID: 36265581 PMCID: PMC9672452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor that initiates a signaling pathway involved in embryonic development of adult tissue homeostasis. The extracellular domain of NOTCH1 is composed largely of epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGFs), many of which can be O-fucosylated at a specific consensus sequence by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1). O-fucosylation of NOTCH1 is necessary for its function. The Notch pathway is deregulated in many cancers, and alteration of POFUT1 has been reported in several cancers, but further investigation is needed to assess whether there is deregulation of the Notch pathway associated with mutations that affect O-fucosylation in cancers. Using Biomuta and COSMIC databases, we selected nine NOTCH1 variants that could cause a change in O-fucosylation of key EGFs. Mass spectral glycoproteomic site mapping was used to identify alterations in O-fucosylation of EGFs containing the mutations. Cell-based NOTCH-1 signaling assays, ligand-binding assays, and cellsurface analysis were used to determine the effect of each mutation on Notch activation. Two variants led to a gain of function (GOF), six to a loss of function (LOF), and one had minimal effects. Most GOF and LOF were associated with a change in O-fucosylation. Finally, by comparing our results with known NOTCH1 alterations in cancers from which our mutations originated, we were able to establish a correlation between our results and the known GOF or LOF of NOTCH1 in these cancers. This study shows that point mutations in N1 can lead to alterations in O-fucosylation that deregulate the Notch pathway and be associated with cancer processes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu X, Xie G, Xie M, Liu Q. A comprehensive role evaluation and mechanism exploration of POGLUT2 in pan-cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:962540. [PMID: 36158688 PMCID: PMC9493278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.962540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the role of POGLUT2 in pan-cancer through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Methods Expression, gene mutation and amplification, methylation, and copy number alteration (CNA) of POGLUT2 were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Moreover, POGLUT2 on survival and disease progression in pan-cancer was performed using TCGA data. Immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment evaluations were assessed by ImmuneScore, ImmuCellAI, and TIMER databases. POGLUT2 correlated drug resistance analysis was performed using the GDSC2 database. Furthermore, POGLUT2 knockdown of breast cancer cells was established, followed by in vitro biological function assays and in vivo tumor growth study. The mechanisms of POGLUT2 in breast cancer were briefly evaluated via its connection with Notch signaling. Results Increased levels of POGLUT2 were found in multiple types of cancer tissues and cell lines. Moreover, increased gene mutation and amplification, methylation, and CNA of POGLUT2 were found in several types of cancers. POGLUT2 was mainly expressed in stromal cells as verified by StromalScore, ESTIMATEScore, ImmuneScore, and Tumor purity, and POGLUT2 was positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo results showed that POGLUT2 knockdown could delay tumor growth and progression. Notch signaling components were related to the function of POGLUT2. Conclusions Increased levels of POGLUT2 could result in the dysregulated immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment and showed a significant regulatory effect on the progression of breast cancer through Notch-related signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guangming Xie
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliate Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Vascular Anomalies, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Hemangioma, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matsumoto K, Kumar V, Varshney S, Nairn AV, Ito A, Pennarubia F, Moremen KW, Stanley P, Haltiwanger RS. Fringe GlcNAc-transferases differentially extend O-fucose on endogenous NOTCH1 in mouse activated T cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102064. [PMID: 35623385 PMCID: PMC9234238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor that initiates a cell-cell signaling pathway controlling various cell fate specifications in metazoans. The addition of O-fucose by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain is essential for NOTCH1 function, and modification of O-fucose with GlcNAc by the Fringe family of glycosyltransferases modulates Notch activity. Prior cell-based studies showed that POFUT1 modifies EGF repeats containing the appropriate consensus sequence at high stoichiometry, while Fringe GlcNAc-transferases (LFNG, MFNG, and RFNG) modify O-fucose on only a subset of NOTCH1 EGF repeats. Previous in vivo studies showed that each FNG affects naïve T cell development. To examine Fringe modifications of NOTCH1 at a physiological level, we used mass spectral glycoproteomic methods to analyze O-fucose glycans of endogenous NOTCH1 from activated T cells obtained from mice lacking all Fringe enzymes or expressing only a single FNG. While most O-fucose sites were modified at high stoichiometry, only EGF6, EGF16, EGF26, and EGF27 were extended in WT T cells. Additionally, cell-based assays of NOTCH1 lacking fucose at each of those O-fucose sites revealed small but significant effects of LFNG on Notch-Delta binding in the EGF16 and EGF27 mutants. Finally, in activated T cells expressing only LFNG, MFNG, or RFNG alone, the extension of O-fucose with GlcNAc in the same EGF repeats was diminished, consistent with cooperative interactions when all three Fringes were present. The combined data open the door for the analysis of O-glycans on endogenous NOTCH1 derived from different cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shweta Varshney
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Florian Pennarubia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Identification, function, and biological relevance of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1003-1012. [PMID: 35411374 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
O-glycosylation of Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats plays crucial roles in protein folding, trafficking and function. The Notch extracellular domain has been used as a model to study these mechanisms due to its many O-glycosylated EGF repeats. Three enzymes were previously known to O-glycosylate Notch EGF repeats: Protein O-Glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1), Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), and EGF Domain Specific O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase (EOGT). All of these modifications affect Notch activity. Recently, POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 were identified as two novel O-glucosyltransferases that modify a few Notch EGF repeats at sites distinct from those modified by POGLUT1. Comparison of these modification sites revealed a putative consensus sequence which predicted modification of many extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillins (FBNs) and Latent TGFβ-binding proteins (LTBPs). Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that approximately half of the 47 EGF repeats in FBN1 and FBN2, and half of the 18 EGF repeats in LTBP1, are modified by POGLUT2 and/or POGLUT3. Cellular assays showed that loss of modifications by POGLUT2 and/or POGLUT3 significantly reduces FBN1 secretion. There is precedent for EGF modifications to affect protein-protein interactions, as has been demonstrated by research of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modifications on Notch. Here we discuss the identification and characterization of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 and the ongoing research that continues to elucidate the biological significance of these novel enzymes.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang W, Okajima T, Takeuchi H. Significant Roles of Notch O-Glycosylation in Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061783. [PMID: 35335147 PMCID: PMC8950332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling, which was initially identified in Drosophila wing morphogenesis, plays pivotal roles in cell development and differentiation. Optimal Notch pathway activity is essential for normal development and dysregulation of Notch signaling leads to various human diseases, including many types of cancers. In hematopoietic cancers, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Notch plays an oncogenic role, while in acute myeloid leukemia, it has a tumor-suppressive role. In solid tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and medulloblastoma, Notch may have either an oncogenic or tumor-suppressive role, depending on the context. Aberrant expression of Notch receptors or ligands can alter the ligand-dependent Notch signaling and changes in trafficking can lead to ligand-independent signaling. Defects in any of the two signaling pathways can lead to tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Strikingly, O-glycosylation is one such process that modulates ligand–receptor binding and trafficking. Three types of O-linked modifications on the extracellular epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of Notch receptors are observed, namely O-glucosylation, O-fucosylation, and O-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) modifications. In addition, O-GalNAc mucin-type O-glycosylation outside the EGF repeats also appears to occur in Notch receptors. In this review, we first briefly summarize the basics of Notch signaling, describe the latest information on O-glycosylation of Notch receptors classified on a structural basis, and finally describe the regulation of Notch signaling by O-glycosylation in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (W.W.); (T.O.)
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (W.W.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Integrated Glyco-Biomedical Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (W.W.); (T.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
O-fucosylation of thrombospondin type 1 repeats is essential for ECM remodeling and signaling during bone development. Matrix Biol 2022; 107:77-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
García-García A, Hicks T, El Qaidi S, Zhu C, Hardwidge PR, Angulo J, Hurtado-Guerrero R. NleB/SseK-catalyzed arginine-glycosylation and enteropathogen virulence are finely tuned by a single variable position contiguous to the catalytic machinery. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12181-12191. [PMID: 34667584 PMCID: PMC8457375 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NleB/SseK effectors are arginine-GlcNAc-transferases expressed by enteric bacterial pathogens that modify host cell proteins to disrupt signaling pathways. While the conserved Citrobacter rodentium NleB and E. coli NleB1 proteins display a broad selectivity towards host proteins, Salmonella enterica SseK1, SseK2, and SseK3 have a narrowed protein substrate selectivity. Here, by combining computational and biophysical experiments, we demonstrate that the broad protein substrate selectivity of NleB relies on Tyr284NleB/NleB1, a second-shell residue contiguous to the catalytic machinery. Tyr284NleB/NleB1 is important in coupling protein substrate binding to catalysis. This is exemplified by S286YSseK1 and N302YSseK2 mutants, which become active towards FADD and DR3 death domains, respectively, and whose kinetic properties match those of enterohemorrhagic E. coli NleB1. The integration of these mutants into S. enterica increases S. enterica survival in macrophages, suggesting that better enzymatic kinetic parameters lead to enhanced virulence. Our findings provide insights into how these enzymes finely tune arginine-glycosylation and, in turn, bacterial virulence. In addition, our data show how promiscuous glycosyltransferases preferentially glycosylate specific protein substrates. The NleB and SseK glycosyltransferases glycosylate arginine residues of mammalian proteins with different substrate specificities. We uncover that these differences rely on a particular second-shell residue contiguous to the catalytic machinery.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-García
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D Zaragoza Spain
| | - Thomas Hicks
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Samir El Qaidi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Philip R Hardwidge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla 41012 Spain .,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D Zaragoza Spain .,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Fundación ARAID Zaragoza Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Williamson DB, Sohn CJ, Ito A, Haltiwanger RS. POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 O-glucosylate multiple EGF repeats in fibrillin-1, -2, and LTBP1 and promote secretion of fibrillin-1. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101055. [PMID: 34411563 PMCID: PMC8405936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is the major component of extracellular matrix microfibrils, which are required for proper development of elastic tissues, including the heart and lungs. Through protein-protein interactions with latent transforming growth factor (TGF) β-binding protein 1 (LTBP1), microfibrils regulate TGF-β signaling. Mutations within the 47 epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of FBN1 cause autosomal dominant disorders including Marfan Syndrome, which is characterized by disrupted TGF-β signaling. We recently identified two novel protein O-glucosyltransferases, Protein O-glucosyltransferase 2 (POGLUT2) and 3 (POGLUT3), that modify a small fraction of EGF repeats on Notch. Here, using mass spectral analysis, we show that POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 also modify over half of the EGF repeats on FBN1, fibrillin-2 (FBN2), and LTBP1. While most sites are modified by both enzymes, some sites show a preference for either POGLUT2 or POGLUT3. POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 are homologs of POGLUT1, which stabilizes Notch proteins by addition of O-glucose to Notch EGF repeats. Like POGLUT1, POGLUT2 and 3 can discern a folded versus unfolded EGF repeat, suggesting POGLUT2 and 3 are involved in a protein folding pathway. In vitro secretion assays using the N-terminal portion of recombinant FBN1 revealed reduced FBN1 secretion in POGLUT2 knockout, POGLUT3 knockout, and POGLUT2 and 3 double-knockout HEK293T cells compared with wild type. These results illustrate that POGLUT2 and 3 function together to O-glucosylate protein substrates and that these modifications play a role in the secretion of substrate proteins. It will be interesting to see how disease variants in these proteins affect their O-glucosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Williamson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Camron J Sohn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Structural Insights in Mammalian Sialyltransferases and Fucosyltransferases: We Have Come a Long Way, but It Is Still a Long Way Down. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175203. [PMID: 34500643 PMCID: PMC8433944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cell surfaces are modified with complex arrays of glycans that play major roles in health and disease. Abnormal glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer; terminal sialic acid and fucose in particular have high levels in tumor cells, with positive implications for malignancy. Increased sialylation and fucosylation are due to the upregulation of a set of sialyltransferases (STs) and fucosyltransferases (FUTs), which are potential drug targets in cancer. In the past, several advances in glycostructural biology have been made with the determination of crystal structures of several important STs and FUTs in mammals. Additionally, how the independent evolution of STs and FUTs occurred with a limited set of global folds and the diverse modular ability of catalytic domains toward substrates has been elucidated. This review highlights advances in the understanding of the structural architecture, substrate binding interactions, and catalysis of STs and FUTs in mammals. While this general understanding is emerging, use of this information to design inhibitors of STs and FUTs will be helpful in providing further insights into their role in the manifestation of cancer and developing targeted therapeutics in cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Piniello B, Lira-Navarrete E, Takeuchi H, Takeuchi M, Haltiwanger RS, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Rovira C. Asparagine Tautomerization in Glycosyltransferase Catalysis. The Molecular Mechanism of Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1. ACS Catal 2021; 11:9926-9932. [PMID: 34868727 PMCID: PMC8631701 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
O-glycosylation is a post-translational protein
modification essential to life. One of the enzymes involved in this
process is protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1),
which fucosylates threonine or serine residues within a specific sequence
context of epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGF-LD). Unlike most
inverting glycosyltransferases, POFUT1 lacks a basic residue in the
active site that could act as a catalytic base to deprotonate the
Thr/Ser residue of the EGF-LD acceptor during the chemical reaction.
Using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods on recent
crystal structures, as well as mutagenesis experiments, we uncover
the enzyme catalytic mechanism, revealing that it involves proton
shuttling through an active site asparagine, conserved among species,
which undergoes tautomerization. This mechanism is consistent with
experimental kinetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans POFUT1 Asn43 mutants, which ablate enzyme activity even if mutated
to Asp, the canonical catalytic base in inverting glycosyltransferases.
These results will aid inhibitor development for Notch-associated O-glycosylation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Piniello
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Robert S. Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1017 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kohorn BD, Greed BE, Mouille G, Verger S, Kohorn SL. Effects of Arabidopsis wall associated kinase mutations on ESMERALDA1 and elicitor induced ROS. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251922. [PMID: 34015001 PMCID: PMC8136723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosperm cell adhesion is dependent on interactions between pectin polysaccharides which make up a significant portion of the plant cell wall. Cell adhesion in Arabidopsis may also be regulated through a pectin-related signaling cascade mediated by a putative O-fucosyltransferase ESMERALDA1 (ESMD1), and the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) domains of the pectin binding Wall associated Kinases (WAKs) are a primary candidate substrate for ESMD1 activity. Genetic interactions between WAKs and ESMD1 were examined using a dominant hyperactive allele of WAK2, WAK2cTAP, and a mutant of the putative O-fucosyltransferase ESMD1. WAK2cTAP expression results in a dwarf phenotype and activation of the stress response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while esmd1 is a suppressor of a pectin deficiency induced loss of adhesion. Here we find that esmd1 suppresses the WAK2cTAP dwarf and stress response phenotype, including ROS accumulation and gene expression. Additional analysis suggests that mutations of the potential WAK EGF O-fucosylation site also abate the WAK2cTAP phenotype, yet only evidence for an N-linked but not O-linked sugar addition can be found. Moreover, a WAK locus deletion allele has no effect on the ability of esmd1 to suppress an adhesion deficiency, indicating WAKs and their modification are not a required component of the potential ESMD1 signaling mechanism involved in the control of cell adhesion. The WAK locus deletion does however affect the induction of ROS but not the transcriptional response induced by the elicitors Flagellin, Chitin and oligogalacturonides (OGs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D. Kohorn
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bridgid E. Greed
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, United States of America
| | - Gregory Mouille
- IJPB, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Verger
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susan L. Kohorn
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lira-Navarrete E, Pallarés MC, Castello F, Ruedas-Rama MJ, Orte A, Lostao A, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1 Undergoes Interdomain Flexibility in Solution. Molecules 2021; 26:2105. [PMID: 33916911 PMCID: PMC8067585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (PoFUT1) is a GT-B fold enzyme that fucosylates proteins containing EGF-like repeats. GT-B glycosyltransferases have shown a remarkable grade of plasticity adopting closed and open conformations as a way of tuning their catalytic cycle, a feature that has not been observed for PoFUT1. Here, we analyzed Caenorhabditis elegans PoFUT1 (CePoFUT1) conformational behavior in solution by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (SMF-FRET). Our results show that this enzyme is very flexible and adopts mainly compact conformations and to a lesser extend a highly dynamic population that oscillates between compact and highly extended conformations. Overall, our experiments illustrate the inherent complexity of CePoFUT1 dynamics, which might play a role during its catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Lira-Navarrete
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - María Carmen Pallarés
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fabio Castello
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.C.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Maria J. Ruedas-Rama
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.C.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Angel Orte
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.C.); (M.J.R.-R.)
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Saiki W, Ma C, Okajima T, Takeuchi H. Current Views on the Roles of O-Glycosylation in Controlling Notch-Ligand Interactions. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020309. [PMID: 33670724 PMCID: PMC7922208 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 100th anniversary of Notch discovery in Drosophila has recently passed. The Notch is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to humans. The discovery of human-specific Notch genes has led to a better understanding of Notch signaling in development and diseases and will continue to stimulate further research in the future. Notch receptors are responsible for cell-to-cell signaling. They are activated by cell-surface ligands located on adjacent cells. Notch activation plays an important role in determining the fate of cells, and dysregulation of Notch signaling results in numerous human diseases. Notch receptors are primarily activated by ligand binding. Many studies in various fields including genetics, developmental biology, biochemistry, and structural biology conducted over the past two decades have revealed that the activation of the Notch receptor is regulated by unique glycan modifications. Such modifications include O-fucose, O-glucose, and O-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats located consecutively in the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. Being fine-tuned by glycans is an important property of Notch receptors. In this review article, we summarize the latest findings on the regulation of Notch activation by glycosylation and discuss future challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Saiki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Chenyu Ma
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan; (W.S.); (C.M.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2068
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun TP. Novel nucleocytoplasmic protein O-fucosylation by SPINDLY regulates diverse developmental processes in plants. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:113-121. [PMID: 33476897 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In metazoans, protein O-fucosylation of Ser/Thr residues was only found in secreted or cell surface proteins, and this post-translational modification is catalyzed by ER-localized protein O-fucosyltransferases (POFUTs) in the GT65 family. Recently, a novel nucleocytoplasmic POFUT, SPINDLY (SPY), was identified in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana to modify nuclear transcription regulators DELLAs, revealing a new regulatory mechanism for gene expression. The paralog of AtSPY, SECRET AGENT (SEC), is an O-link-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (OGT), which O-GlcNAcylates Ser/Thr residues of target proteins. Both AtSPY and AtSEC are tetratricopeptide repeat-domain-containing glycosyltransferases in the GT41 family. The discovery that AtSPY is a POFUT clarified decades of miss-classification of AtSPY as an OGT. SPY and SEC play pleiotropic roles in plant development, and the interactions between SPY and SEC are complex. SPY-like genes are conserved in diverse organisms, except in fungi and metazoans, suggesting that O-fucosylation is a common mechanism in modulating intracellular protein functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Matsumoto K, Luther KB, Haltiwanger RS. Diseases related to Notch glycosylation. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100938. [PMID: 33341260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Notch receptors are a family of transmembrane proteins that mediate direct cell-cell interactions and control numerous cell-fate specifications in humans. The extracellular domains of mammalian Notch proteins contain 29-36 tandem epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, most of which have O-linked glycan modifications: O-glucose added by POGLUT1, O-fucose added by POFUT1 and elongated by Fringe enzymes, and O-GlcNAc added by EOGT. The extracellular domain is also N-glycosylated. Mutations in the glycosyltransferases modifying Notch have been identified in several diseases, including Dowling-Degos Disease (haploinsufficiency of POFUT1 or POGLUT1), a form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (autosomal recessive mutations in POGLUT1), Spondylocostal Dysostosis 3 (autosomal recessive mutations in LFNG), Adams-Oliver syndrome (autosomal recessive mutations in EOGT), and some cancers (amplification, gain or loss-of-function of POFUT1, Fringe enzymes, POGLUT1, MGAT3). Here we review the characteristics of these diseases and potential molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiroo Matsumoto
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelvin B Luther
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boruah BM, Kadirvelraj R, Liu L, Ramiah A, Li C, Zong G, Bosman GP, Yang JY, Wang LX, Boons GJ, Wood ZA, Moremen KW. Characterizing human α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) substrate specificity and structural similarities with related fucosyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17027-17045. [PMID: 33004438 PMCID: PMC7863877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Asn-linked glycans are extensively processed as they transit the secretory pathway to generate diverse glycans on cell surface and secreted glycoproteins. Additional modification of the glycan core by α-1,6-fucose addition to the innermost GlcNAc residue (core fucosylation) is catalyzed by an α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8). The importance of core fucosylation can be seen in the complex pathological phenotypes of FUT8 null mice, which display defects in cellular signaling, development, and subsequent neonatal lethality. Elevated core fucosylation has also been identified in several human cancers. However, the structural basis for FUT8 substrate specificity remains unknown.Here, using various crystal structures of FUT8 in complex with a donor substrate analog, and with four distinct glycan acceptors, we identify the molecular basis for FUT8 specificity and activity. The ordering of three active site loops corresponds to an increased occupancy for bound GDP, suggesting an induced-fit folding of the donor-binding subsite. Structures of the various acceptor complexes were compared with kinetic data on FUT8 active site mutants and with specificity data from a library of glycan acceptors to reveal how binding site complementarity and steric hindrance can tune substrate affinity. The FUT8 structure was also compared with other known fucosyltransferases to identify conserved and divergent structural features for donor and acceptor recognition and catalysis. These data provide insights into the evolution of modular templates for donor and acceptor recognition among GT-B fold glycosyltransferases in the synthesis of diverse glycan structures in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi M Boruah
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Renuka Kadirvelraj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Annapoorani Ramiah
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerlof P Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary A Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yakovlieva L, Wood TM, Kemmink J, Kotsogianni I, Koller F, Lassak J, Martin NI, Walvoort MTC. A β-hairpin epitope as novel structural requirement for protein arginine rhamnosylation. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1560-1567. [PMID: 34163919 PMCID: PMC8179230 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05823h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For canonical asparagine glycosylation, the primary amino acid sequence that directs glycosylation at specific asparagine residues is well-established. Here we reveal that a recently discovered bacterial enzyme EarP, that transfers rhamnose to a specific arginine residue in its acceptor protein EF-P, specifically recognizes a β-hairpin loop. Notably, while the in vitro rhamnosyltransferase activity of EarP is abolished when presented with linear substrate peptide sequences derived from EF-P, the enzyme readily glycosylates the same sequence in a cyclized β-hairpin mimic. Additional studies with other substrate-mimicking cyclic peptides revealed that EarP activity is sensitive to the method used to induce cyclization and in some cases is tolerant to amino acid sequence variation. Using detailed NMR approaches, we established that the active peptide substrates all share some degree of β-hairpin formation, and therefore conclude that the β-hairpin epitope is the major determinant of arginine-rhamnosylation by EarP. Our findings add a novel recognition motif to the existing knowledge on substrate specificity of protein glycosylation, and are expected to guide future identifications of rhamnosylation sites in other protein substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Yakovlieva
- Chemical Biology Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Wood
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands .,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kemmink
- Chemical Biology Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ioli Kotsogianni
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Franziska Koller
- Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Planegg/Martinsried Germany
| | - Jürgen Lassak
- Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Planegg/Martinsried Germany
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Chemical Biology Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mouse WIF1 Is Only Modified with O-Fucose in Its EGF-like Domain III Despite Two Evolutionarily Conserved Consensus Sites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091250. [PMID: 32872229 PMCID: PMC7565927 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt Inhibitory Factor 1 (Wif1), known to inhibit Wnt signaling pathways, is composed of a WIF domain and five EGF-like domains (EGF-LDs) involved in protein interactions. Despite the presence of a potential O-fucosylation site in its EGF-LDs III and V, the O-fucose sites occupancy has never been demonstrated for WIF1. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis on the distribution, conservation and evolution of Wif1 proteins was performed, as well as biochemical approaches focusing on O-fucosylation sites occupancy of recombinant mouse WIF1. In the monophyletic group of gnathostomes, we showed that the consensus sequence for O-fucose modification by Pofut1 is highly conserved in Wif1 EGF-LD III while it was more divergent in EGF-LD V. Using click chemistry and mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that mouse WIF1 was only modified with a non-extended O-fucose on its EGF-LD III. In addition, a decreased amount of mouse WIF1 in the secretome of CHO cells was observed when the O-fucosylation site in EGF-LD III was mutated. Based on sequence comparison and automated protein modeling, we suggest that the absence of O-fucose on EGF-LD V of WIF1 in mouse and probably in most gnathostomes, could be related to EGF-LD V inability to interact with POFUT1.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yokoi Y, Nishimura SI. Effect of Site-Specific O-Glycosylation on the Structural Behavior of NOTCH1 Receptor Extracellular EGF-like Domains 11 and 10. Chemistry 2020; 26:12363-12372. [PMID: 32632967 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human NOTCH1 receptor contains 36 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeating domains, in which O-glycosylation status of EGF12 domain regulates the interaction with Notch ligands. Our interest is focused on the effect of specific O-glycosylation states on the structural behavior of EGF11 and EGF10, because they appeared to affect molecular mechanism in receptor-ligand interactions by inducing some conformational alterations in these domains and/or the regions connecting two domains. To understand the structural impact of various O-glycosylation patterns on the pivotal EGF-like repeats 10, 11, and 12, we performed chemical synthesis and NMR studies of site-specifically O-glycosylated EGF11 and EGF10. Our strategy enabled us to synthesize four EGF11 and five EGF10 modules. The specific O-glycosylation states affected in vitro folding of EGF10 more than EGF11, while calcium ion had a larger effect on EGF11 folding. Comprehensive NMR studies shed light on the new type "sugar bridges" crosslinking Thr-O-GlcNAc in the consensus sequence C5-X-X-G-X-(T/S)-G-X-X-C6 and an amino acid in the hinge region between the domains, 445Thr-O-GlcNAc-IIe451 in domain 11 and 405Thr-O-GlcNAc-Gln411 in domain 10, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yokoi
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Life Science and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ma C, Takeuchi H, Hao H, Yonekawa C, Nakajima K, Nagae M, Okajima T, Haltiwanger RS, Kizuka Y. Differential Labeling of Glycoproteins with Alkynyl Fucose Analogs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176007. [PMID: 32825463 PMCID: PMC7503990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated glycans critically regulate the physiological functions of proteins and cells. Alterations in levels of fucosylated glycans are associated with various diseases. For detection and functional modulation of fucosylated glycans, chemical biology approaches using fucose (Fuc) analogs are useful. However, little is known about how efficiently each unnatural Fuc analog is utilized by enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of fucosylated glycans. We show here that three clickable Fuc analogs with similar but distinct structures labeled cellular glycans with different efficiency and protein specificity. For instance, 6-alkynyl (Alk)-Fuc modified O-Fuc glycans much more efficiently than 7-Alk-Fuc. The level of GDP-6-Alk-Fuc produced in cells was also higher than that of GDP-7-Alk-Fuc. Comprehensive in vitro fucosyltransferase assays revealed that 7-Alk-Fuc is commonly tolerated by most fucosyltransferases. Surprisingly, both protein O-fucosyltransferases (POFUTs) could transfer all Fuc analogs in vitro, likely because POFUT structures have a larger space around their Fuc binding sites. These findings demonstrate that labeling and detection of fucosylated glycans with Fuc analogs depend on multiple cellular steps, including conversion to GDP form, transport into the ER or Golgi, and utilization by each fucosyltransferase, providing insights into design of novel sugar analogs for specific detection of target glycans or inhibition of their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Ma
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (C.M.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (C.M.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Huilin Hao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.H.); (R.S.H.)
| | - Chizuko Yonekawa
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (C.M.); (H.T.); (T.O.)
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Robert S. Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.H.); (R.S.H.)
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-3356
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pennarubia F, Germot A, Pinault E, Maftah A, Legardinier S. The single EGF-like domain of mouse PAMR1 is modified by O-Glucose, O-Fucose and O-GlcNAc. Glycobiology 2020; 31:55-68. [PMID: 32518939 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGF-LDs) of membrane and secreted proteins can be modified by N-glycans and/or potentially elongated O-linked monosaccharides such as O-glucose (O-Glc) found at two positions (O-Glc 1 and O-Glc2), O-fucose (O-Fuc) and O-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). The presence of three O-linked sugars within the same EGF-LD, such as in EGF-LD 20 of NOTCH1, has rarely been evidenced. We searched in KEGG GENES database to list mouse and human proteins with an EGF-LD sequence including one, two, three or four potential O-glycosylation consensus sites. Among the 129 murine retrieved proteins, most had predicted O-fucosylation and/or O-GlcNAcylation sites. Around 68% of EGF-LDs were subjected to only one O-linked sugar modification and near 5% to three modifications. Among these latter, we focused on the peptidase domain-containing protein associated with muscle regeneration 1 (PAMR1), having only one EGF-LD. To test the ability of this domain to be glycosylated, a correctly folded EGF-LD was produced in Escherichia coli periplasm, purified and subjected to in vitro incubations with the recombinant O-glycosyltransferases POGLUT1, POFUT1 and EOGT, adding O-Glc1, O-Fuc and O-GlcNAc, respectively. Using click chemistry and mass spectrometry, isolated PAMR1 EGF-LD was demonstrated to be modified by the three O-linked sugars. Their presence was individually confirmed on EGF-LD of full-length mouse recombinant PAMR1, with at least some molecules modified by both O-Glc1 and O-Fuc. Overall, these results are consistent with the presence of a triple O-glycosylated EGF-LD in mouse PAMR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pennarubia
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Agnès Germot
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Pinault
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, F-87060 Limoges, France.,University of Limoges, BISCEm, US 42 INSERM - UMS 2015 CNRS, Mass Spectrometry Platform, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, F-87060 Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Legardinier
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, F-87060 Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Expression, purification, and glycosylation of epidermal growth factor-like repeat 27 from mouse NOTCH1. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 174:105681. [PMID: 32505675 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch receptors have large extracellular domains containing up to 36 tandem epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats, which facilitate cell signaling by binding ligands on neighboring cells. Notch receptors play major roles in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. Each EGF repeat consists of about 40 amino acids with 3 conserved disulfide bonds. Many of the EGF repeats are modified by O-linked fucose glycans, and more than half have calcium-binding sites, but the sequences of the EGF repeats vary giving distinct roles to each repeat. EGF repeat 27 (EGF27) from mouse NOTCH1 is modified with O-fucose and is 1 of 7 repeats that is differentially modified by specific Fringe enzymes, which are known to regulate NOTCH1 activation and ligand binding. To better understand the role of EGF27 in NOTCH1 function and regulation, the 3-dimensional structures of EGF27 and its glycoforms are being pursued. E. coli cells were used to produce EGF27 in sufficient quantities for nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Previous attempts to express the repeat alone and refold the repeat under a steady redox environment were unsuccessful due to low yields and extensive mixed-disulfide bond cross-linking. A new strategy using a cleavable maltose binding protein fusion tag increased the solubility and yield of EGF27. With the fusion tag, EGF27 was refolded to produce the correct disulfide bond arrangement, which was verified enzymatically with the glycosyltransferases, Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) and Lunatic Fringe (LFNG).
Collapse
|
38
|
Deschuyter M, Pennarubia F, Pinault E, Legardinier S, Maftah A. Functional Characterization of POFUT1 Variants Associated with Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061430. [PMID: 32486426 PMCID: PMC7352195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) overexpression, which is observed in many cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC), leads to a NOTCH signaling dysregulation associated with the tumoral process. In rare CRC cases, with no POFUT1 overexpression, seven missense mutations were found in human POFUT1. METHODS Recombinant secreted forms of human WT POFUT1 and its seven mutated counterparts were produced and purified. Their O-fucosyltransferase activities were assayed in vitro using a chemo-enzymatic approach with azido-labeled GDP-fucose as a donor substrate and NOTCH1 EGF-LD26, produced in E. coli periplasm, as a relevant acceptor substrate. Targeted mass spectrometry (MS) was carried out to quantify the O-fucosyltransferase ability of all POFUT1 proteins. FINDINGS MS analyses showed a significantly higher O-fucosyltransferase activity of six POFUT1 variants (R43H, Y73C, T115A, I343V, D348N, and R364W) compared to WT POFUT1. INTERPRETATION This study provides insights on the possible involvement of these seven missense mutations in colorectal tumors. The hyperactive forms could lead to an increased O-fucosylation of POFUT1 protein targets such as NOTCH receptors in CRC patients, thereby leading to a NOTCH signaling dysregulation. It is the first demonstration of gain-of-function mutations for this crucial glycosyltransferase, modulating NOTCH activity, as well as that of other potential glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Deschuyter
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (F.P.); (E.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Florian Pennarubia
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (F.P.); (E.P.); (S.L.)
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emilie Pinault
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (F.P.); (E.P.); (S.L.)
- BISCEm US042 INSERM—UMS 2015 CNRS, Mass Spectrometry Platform, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Legardinier
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (F.P.); (E.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Limoges, F-87060 Limoges, France; (M.D.); (F.P.); (E.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5554-57684; Fax: +33-5554-57653
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pandey A, Niknejad N, Jafar-Nejad H. Multifaceted regulation of Notch signaling by glycosylation. Glycobiology 2020; 31:8-28. [PMID: 32472127 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To build a complex body composed of various cell types and tissues and to maintain tissue homeostasis in the postembryonic period, animals use a small number of highly conserved intercellular communication pathways. Among these is the Notch signaling pathway, which is mediated via the interaction of transmembrane Notch receptors and ligands usually expressed by neighboring cells. Maintaining optimal Notch pathway activity is essential for normal development, as evidenced by various human diseases caused by decreased and increased Notch signaling. It is therefore not surprising that multiple mechanisms are used to control the activation of this pathway in time and space. Over the last 20 years, protein glycosylation has been recognized as a major regulatory mechanism for Notch signaling. In this review, we will provide a summary of the various types of glycan that have been shown to modulate Notch signaling. Building on recent advances in the biochemistry, structural biology, cell biology and genetics of Notch receptors and the glycosyltransferases that modify them, we will provide a detailed discussion on how various steps during Notch activation are regulated by glycans. Our hope is that the current review article will stimulate additional research in the field of Notch glycobiology and will potentially be of benefit to investigators examining the contribution of glycosylation to other developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics.,Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program.,Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Järvå MA, Dramicanin M, Lingford JP, Mao R, John A, Jarman KE, Grinter R, Goddard-Borger ED. Structural basis of substrate recognition and catalysis by fucosyltransferase 8. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6677-6688. [PMID: 32220931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation of the innermost GlcNAc of N-glycans by fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is an important step in the maturation of complex and hybrid N-glycans. This simple modification can dramatically affect the activities and half-lives of glycoproteins, effects that are relevant to understanding the invasiveness of some cancers, development of mAb therapeutics, and the etiology of a congenital glycosylation disorder. The acceptor substrate preferences of FUT8 are well-characterized and provide a framework for understanding N-glycan maturation in the Golgi; however, the structural basis of these substrate preferences and the mechanism through which catalysis is achieved remain unknown. Here we describe several structures of mouse and human FUT8 in the apo state and in complex with GDP, a mimic of the donor substrate, and with a glycopeptide acceptor substrate at 1.80-2.50 Å resolution. These structures provide insights into a unique conformational change associated with donor substrate binding, common strategies employed by fucosyltransferases to coordinate GDP, features that define acceptor substrate preferences, and a likely mechanism for enzyme catalysis. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, the structures also revealed how FUT8 dimerization plays an important role in defining the acceptor substrate-binding site. Collectively, this information significantly builds on our understanding of the core fucosylation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Järvå
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marija Dramicanin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James P Lingford
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Runyu Mao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alan John
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kate E Jarman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rhys Grinter
- Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Kizuka Y. 3D Structure and Function of Glycosyltransferases Involved in N-glycan Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020437. [PMID: 31936666 PMCID: PMC7014118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most ubiquitous post-translational modification in eukaryotes. N-glycan is attached to nascent glycoproteins and is processed and matured by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases during protein transport. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that alternations of the N-glycan structure play crucial roles in various physiological and pathological events including progression of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. In particular, the formation of N-glycan branches regulates the functions of target glycoprotein, which are catalyzed by specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GnTs) such as GnT-III, GnT-IVs, GnT-V, and GnT-IX, and a fucosyltransferase, FUT8s. Although the 3D structures of all enzymes have not been solved to date, recent progress in structural analysis of these glycosyltransferases has provided insights into substrate recognition and catalytic reaction mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the biological significance and structure-function relationships of these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.N.); (Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
McIntyre B, Asahara T, Alev C. Overview of Basic Mechanisms of Notch Signaling in Development and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1227:9-27. [PMID: 32072496 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36422-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway associated with the development and differentiation of all metazoans. It is needed for proper germ layer formation and segmentation of the embryo and controls the timing and duration of differentiation events in a dynamic manner. Perturbations of Notch signaling result in blockades of developmental cascades, developmental anomalies, and cancers. An in-depth understanding of Notch signaling is thus required to comprehend the basis of development and cancer, and can be further exploited to understand and direct the outcomes of targeted cellular differentiation into desired cell types and complex tissues from pluripotent or adult stem and progenitor cells. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the molecular, evolutionary, and developmental basis of Notch signaling. We will focus on understanding the basics of Notch signaling and its signaling control mechanisms, its developmental outcomes and perturbations leading to developmental defects, as well as have a brief look at mutations of the Notch signaling pathway causing human hereditary disorders or cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cantas Alev
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Komor MA, de Wit M, van den Berg J, Martens de Kemp SR, Delis-van Diemen PM, Bolijn AS, Tijssen M, Schelfhorst T, Piersma SR, Chiasserini D, Sanders J, Rausch C, Hoogstrate Y, Stubbs AP, de Jong M, Jenster G, Carvalho B, Meijer GA, Jimenez CR, Fijneman RJA. Molecular characterization of colorectal adenomas reveals POFUT1 as a candidate driver of tumor progression. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1979-1992. [PMID: 31411736 PMCID: PMC7027554 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Removal of colorectal adenomas is an effective strategy to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates. However, as only a minority of adenomas progress to cancer, such strategies may lead to overtreatment. The present study aimed to characterize adenomas by in‐depth molecular profiling, to obtain insights into altered biology associated with the colorectal adenoma‐to‐carcinoma progression. We obtained low‐coverage whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry data for 30 CRCs, 30 adenomas and 18 normal adjacent colon samples. These data were used for DNA copy number aberrations profiling, differential expression, gene set enrichment and gene‐dosage effect analysis. Protein expression was independently validated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays and in patient‐derived colorectal adenoma organoids. Stroma percentage was determined by digital image analysis of tissue sections. Twenty‐four out of 30 adenomas could be unambiguously classified as high risk (n = 9) or low risk (n = 15) of progressing to cancer, based on DNA copy number profiles. Biological processes more prevalent in high‐risk than low‐risk adenomas were related to proliferation, tumor microenvironment and Notch, Wnt, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hedgehog signaling, while metabolic processes and protein secretion were enriched in low‐risk adenomas. DNA copy number driven gene‐dosage effect in high‐risk adenomas and cancers was observed for POFUT1, RPRD1B and EIF6. Increased POFUT1 expression in high‐risk adenomas was validated in tissue samples and organoids. High POFUT1 expression was also associated with Notch signaling enrichment and with decreased goblet cells differentiation. In‐depth molecular characterization of colorectal adenomas revealed POFUT1 and Notch signaling as potential drivers of tumor progression. What's new? Removal of colorectal adenomas is an effective strategy to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates. However, as only a minority of adenomas progress to cancer, such strategies may lead to overtreatment. While high‐risk adenomas, defined by specific DNA copy number aberrations, have an increased risk of progression, the mechanisms underlying colorectal adenoma‐to‐carcinoma progression remain unclear. This molecular characterization of colorectal adenomas, CRCs, and normal adjacent colon samples demonstrates that biological processes inherent to CRC are already more active in high‐risk adenomas compared to low‐risk adenomas. Moreover, the findings highlight POFUT1 and Notch signaling as potential drivers of colorectal tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Komor
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncoproteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jose van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne R Martens de Kemp
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncoproteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anne S Bolijn
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Tijssen
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Schelfhorst
- Oncoproteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Oncoproteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Oncoproteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Rausch
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Hoogstrate
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Stubbs
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Oncoproteomics Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | -
- See Appendix for consortium members
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Regular alteration of protein glycosylation in skeletal muscles of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 237:110323. [PMID: 31454680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational protein modifications and is closely associated with muscle atrophy. This study aims to investigate the changes in glycan profiles in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during hibernation as well as the correlation between protein glycosylation and muscle atrophy prevention in hibernating animals. The results showed that there was no significant change in the muscle-to-body mass ratio, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber distribution and ultrastructures in the EDL muscles of ground squirrels during hibernation. Alterations of six glycans comprising sialic acid α2-3 galactose (Sia2-3Gal) and Fucα1-2Galβ1-4Glc(NAc) in the EDL muscles were observed. In addition, the observed downregulation of sialyltransferase (ST3Gals) mRNA levels and upregulation of fucosyltransferase (FUT1 and FUT2) mRNA levels during hibernation and the subsequent restoration to normal levels during periodic interbout arousal were consistent with the changes in sialic acid and fucose modifications. Our results indicate that changes in ST3Gals and FUTs in the EDL muscles of Daurian ground squirrels during hibernation can alter sialylation and fucosylation of muscle glycoproteins, which may protect the skeletal muscles of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels from disuse atrophy.
Collapse
|
45
|
Emerging structural insights into glycosyltransferase-mediated synthesis of glycans. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:853-864. [PMID: 31427814 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycans linked to proteins and lipids play key roles in biology; thus, accurate replication of cellular glycans is crucial for maintaining function following cell division. The fact that glycans are not copied from genomic templates suggests that fidelity is provided by the catalytic templates of glycosyltransferases that accurately add sugars to specific locations on growing oligosaccharides. To form new glycosidic bonds, glycosyltransferases bind acceptor substrates and orient a specific hydroxyl group, frequently one of many, for attack of the donor sugar anomeric carbon. Several recent crystal structures of glycosyltransferases with bound acceptor substrates reveal that these enzymes have common core structures that function as scaffolds upon which variable loops are inserted to confer substrate specificity and correctly orient the nucleophilic hydroxyl group. The varied approaches for acceptor binding site assembly suggest an ongoing evolution of these loop regions provides templates for assembly of the diverse glycan structures observed in biology.
Collapse
|
46
|
Antfolk D, Antila C, Kemppainen K, Landor SKJ, Sahlgren C. Decoding the PTM-switchboard of Notch. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118507. [PMID: 31301363 PMCID: PMC7116576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The developmentally indispensable Notch pathway exhibits a high grade of pleiotropism in its biological output. Emerging evidence supports the notion of post-translational modifications (PTMs) as a modus operandi controlling dynamic fine-tuning of Notch activity. Although, the intricacy of Notch post-translational regulation, as well as how these modifications lead to multiples of divergent Notch phenotypes is still largely unknown, numerous studies show a correlation between the site of modification and the output. These include glycosylation of the extracellular domain of Notch modulating ligand binding, and phosphorylation of the PEST domain controlling half-life of the intracellular domain of Notch. Furthermore, several reports show that multiple PTMs can act in concert, or compete for the same sites to drive opposite outputs. However, further investigation of the complex PTM crosstalk is required for a complete understanding of the PTM-mediated Notch switchboard. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and up-to-date summary of the currently known PTMs acting on the Notch signaling pathway, their functions in different contexts, as well as explore their implications in physiology and disease. Furthermore, we give an overview of the present state of PTM research methodology, and allude to a future with PTM-targeted Notch therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Antila
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Kemppainen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sebastian K-J Landor
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang C, Huang H, Zhang J, Wu Q, Chen X, Huang T, Li W, Liu Y, Zhang J. Caveolin-1 promotes invasion and metastasis by upregulating Pofut1 expression in mouse hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:477. [PMID: 31209283 PMCID: PMC6572835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important structural protein of caveolae and plays an oncogene-like role by influencing protein glycosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the mechanism by which Cav-1 promotes invasion and metastasis capacity has not been completely clarified. In this study, we demonstrate that Pofut1 is a fucosyltransferase induced by Cav-1. Mouse Hepa1-6 HCC cells lacking Cav-1 expression exhibited low transcription levels of Pofut1, whereas strong Pofut1 expression was found in high-metastasis-potential Hca-F cells with high levels of Cav-1. Cav-1 activated MAPK signaling and promoted phosphorylation of the transcription factors CREB, Sp1, HNF4A and c-Myc, which bound to the Pofut1 promoter region to induce its transcription. As Notch signaling receptors can be modified with O-fucose by Pofut1, we further showed that Cav-1-induced upregulation of Pofut1 expression activated the Notch pathway and thus enhanced invasion and metastasis by mouse HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Cav-1 promotes tumor metastasis by upregulating expression of Pofut1, suggesting that Cav-1 may function as a new biomarker for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Huang Huang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Tianmiao Huang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.,School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Holdener BC, Haltiwanger RS. Protein O-fucosylation: structure and function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 56:78-86. [PMID: 30690220 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fucose is a common terminal modification on protein and lipid glycans. Fucose can also be directly linked to protein via an O-linkage to Serine or Threonine residues located within consensus sequences contained in Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats and Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeats (TSRs). In this context, fucose is added exclusively to properly folded EGF repeats and TSRs by Protein O-fucosyltransferases 1 and 2, respectively. In both cases, the O-linked fucose can also be elongated with other sugars. Here, we describe the biological importance of these O-fucose glycans and molecular mechanisms by which they affect the function of the proteins they modify. O-Fucosylation of EGF repeats modulates the Notch signaling pathway, while O-fucosylation of TSRs is predicted to influence secretion of targets including several extracellular proteases. Recent data show O-fucose glycans mediate their effects by participating in both intermolecular and intramolecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette C Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pennarubia F, Pinault E, Maftah A, Legardinier S. In vitro acellular method to reveal O-fucosylation on EGF-like domains. Glycobiology 2018; 29:5214357. [PMID: 30496416 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A hundred of human proteins have one or more EGF-like domains (EGF-LD) bearing the O-fucosylation consensus motif C2X4(S/T)C3 but to date, only a few of them have been shown to be O-fucosylated. The protein O-fucosyltransferase (POFUT1) specifically recognizes correctly folded EGF-LD of the human EGF (hEGF) type and transfers fucose on serine or threonine residue within the O-fucosylation motif. Here, we propose a strategy for a rapid screening for ability of any EGF-LD to be O-fucosylated, using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). By an oligonucleotide hybridization approach, double-stranded fragments encoding any EGF-LD can be first rapidly cloned into the prokaryotic vector pET-25b to promote its targeting to periplasm and formation of the three conserved disulfide bonds. After protein production and purification, an in vitro POFUT1-mediated O-fucosylation can be performed with azido GDP-fucose. Successful transfer of O-fucose is finally revealed by blotting technique after CuAAC. In this study, we specially focused on mouse NOTCH1 EGF12 and EGF26, which are both known to be O-fucosylated although having different binding affinities towards POFUT1. Indeed, we clearly showed here that addition of O-fucose by POFUT1 was much more efficient for EGF26 than for EGF12. This experimental approach is rapid and sufficiently sensitive to reveal propensity of any EGF-LD to be O-fucosylated; it is thus useful prior to perform structure-function studies on target proteins containing one or several EGF-LD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pennarubia
- Univ. Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and cell differentiation, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Emilie Pinault
- Univ. Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and cell differentiation, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Univ. Limoges, BISCEm Mass Spectrometry Platform, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- Univ. Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and cell differentiation, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sébastien Legardinier
- Univ. Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, Glycosylation and cell differentiation, F-87000 Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Takeuchi H, Wong D, Schneider M, Freeze HH, Takeuchi M, Berardinelli SJ, Ito A, Lee H, Nelson SF, Haltiwanger RS. Variant in human POFUT1 reduces enzymatic activity and likely causes a recessive microcephaly, global developmental delay with cardiac and vascular features. Glycobiology 2018; 28:276-283. [PMID: 29452367 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-fucosyltransferase-1 (POFUT1) adds O-fucose monosaccharides to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats found on approximately 100 mammalian proteins, including Notch receptors. Haploinsufficiency of POFUT1 has been linked to adult-onset Dowling Degos Disease (DDD) with hyperpigmentation defects. Homozygous deletion of mouse Pofut1 results in embryonic lethality with severe Notch-like phenotypes including defects in somitogenesis, cardiogenesis, vasculogenesis and neurogenesis, but the extent to which POFUT1 is required for normal human development is not yet understood. Here we report a patient with a congenital syndrome consisting of severe global developmental delay, microcephaly, heart defects, failure to thrive and liver disease with a previously unreported homozygous NM_015352.1: c.485C>T variant (p.Ser162Leu) in POFUT1 detected by exome sequencing. Both parents are heterozygotes and neither manifests any signs of DDD. No other detected variant explained the phenotype. This variant eliminated a conserved N-glycosylation sequon at Asn160 in POFUT1 and profoundly decreased POFUT1 activity in patient fibroblasts compared to control fibroblasts. Purified p.Ser162Leu mutant protein also showed much lower POFUT1 activity with a lower affinity for EGF acceptor substrate than wild type POFUT1. Eliminating the N-glycan sequon by replacing Asn160 with Gln had little effect on POFUT1 activity, suggesting that loss of the glycan is not responsible for the defect. Furthermore, the p.Ser162Leu mutant showed weaker ability to rescue Notch activity in cell-based assays. These results suggest that this N-glycan of POFUT1 is not required for its proper enzymatic function, and that the p.Ser162Leu mutation of POFUT1 likely causes global developmental delay, microcephaly with vascular and cardiac defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Derek Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Steven J Berardinelli
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
| |
Collapse
|