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Wang J, Gadenne V, Patrone L, Raimundo JM. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Push-Pull Chromophores as Active Layers and Their Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:559. [PMID: 38338304 PMCID: PMC10856137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable attention has been focused on the design and development of surfaces with defined or tunable properties for a wide range of applications and fields. To this end, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds offer a unique and straightforward route of modifying and engineering the surface properties of any substrate. Thus, alkane-based self-assembled monolayers constitute one of the most extensively studied organic thin-film nanomaterials, which have found wide applications in antifouling surfaces, the control of wettability or cell adhesion, sensors, optical devices, corrosion protection, and organic electronics, among many other applications, some of which have led to their technological transfer to industry. Nevertheless, recently, aromatic-based SAMs have gained importance as functional components, particularly in molecular electronics, bioelectronics, sensors, etc., due to their intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical properties, opening up new perspectives in these fields. However, some key issues affecting device performance still need to be resolved to ensure their full use and access to novel functionalities such as memory, sensors, or active layers in optoelectronic devices. In this context, we will present herein recent advances in π-conjugated systems-based self-assembled monolayers (e.g., push-pull chromophores) as active layers and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, AMUTech, 13288 Marseille, France;
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Virginie Gadenne
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Lionel Patrone
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
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2
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Synthesis and Studies of Pyridoneimine-Functionalized PETIM Dendrimers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35929-35936. [PMID: 37810657 PMCID: PMC10552491 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinoimine-functionalized poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers of 1-3 generations, possessing 4-16 moieties at the peripheries, are synthesized. Chloride-functionalized dendrimers are reacted with N-methylamino pyridine, under basic conditions, which led to functionalization of the peripheries of a dendrimer with pyridoneimine moieties. Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies are performed to assess the contributing resonance forms of pyridoneimine in the dendrimers. Solvatochromism and 15N NMR studies aid further the assessment of the contributing resonance forms. Comparison with derivatives that possess 1 and 2 pyridoneimines illustrates the contributing resonance forms between nonaromatic pyridoneimine and zwitter ionic aromatic imidopyridinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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3
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Sekaran B, Guragain M, Misra R, D'Souza F. β-Pyrrole Functionalized Push or Pull Porphyrins: Excited Charge Transfer Promoted Singlet Oxygen Generation. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7964-7975. [PMID: 37707534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) producing photosensitizers are highly sought for developing new photodynamic therapy agents and facilitating 1O2-involved chemical reactions. Often singlet oxygen is produced by the reaction of triplet-excited photosensitizers with dioxygen via an energy transfer mechanism. In the present study, we demonstrate a charge transfer mechanism to produce singlet oxygen involving push or pull functionalized porphyrins. For this, 20 β-pyrrole functionalized porphyrins carrying either an electron-rich push or electron-deficient pull group have been newly synthesized. Photoexcitation of these push-pull porphyrins has been shown to produce high-energy MPδ+-Aδ- or MPδ--Dδ+ charge transfer states. Subsequent charge recombination results in populating the triplet excited states of extended lifetimes in the case of the push group containing porphyrins that eventually react with dioxygen to produce the reactive singlet oxygen of relatively higher quantum yields. The effect of the push and pull groups on the porphyrin periphery in governing initial charge transfer, the population of triplet excited states and their lifetimes, and resulting in improved singlet oxygen quantum yields are systematically probed. The improved performance of 1O2 generation by porphyrins carrying push groups is borne out from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijesh Sekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Manan Guragain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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Abdollahi MF, Zhao Y. Donor-Acceptor Fluorophores and Macrocycles Built Upon Wedge-Shaped π-Extended Phenanthroimidazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3451-3465. [PMID: 36862080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A class of wedge-shaped organic π-fluorophores featuring a 6,9-diphenyl-substituted phenanthroimidazole (PI) core was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Among them, a π-extended PI derivative containing two electron-withdrawing aldehyde groups was found to exhibit versatile solid-state packing properties as well as strong solvatofluorochromism in different organic solvents. Another PI derivative that was functionalized with two electron-donating 1,4-dithiafulvenyl (DTF) end groups showed versatile redox reactivities and quenched fluorescence. Treatment of this wedge-shaped bis(DTF)-PI compound with iodine resulted in oxidative coupling reactions, leading to the formation of intriguing macrocyclic products that carry redox-active tetrathiafulvalene vinylogue (TTFV) moieties in their structures. Mixing the bis(DTF)-PI derivative with fullerene (C60 or C70) in an organic solvent resulted in substantial fluorescence enhancement (turn-on). In this process, fullerene acted as a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, which in turn induced oxidative C = C bond cleavages and converted nonfluorescent bis(DTF)-PI into highly fluorescent dialdehyde-substituted PI. Treatment of TTFV-PI macrocycles with a small amount of fullerene also led to a moderate degree of fluorescence enhancement, but this is not because of photosensitized oxidative cleavage reactions. Instead, competitive photoinduced electron transfer from TTFV to fullerene can be attributed to their fluorescence turn-on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam F Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, Core Science Facility, 45 Arctic Avenue, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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González-Rodríguez E, Guzmán-Juárez B, Miranda-Olvera M, Carreón-Castro MDP, Maldonado-Domínguez M, Arcos-Ramos R, Farfán N, Santillan R. Effect of the π-bridge on the light absorption and emission in push-pull coumarins and on their supramolecular organization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120520. [PMID: 34739896 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A family of eight π-extended push-pull coumarins with cross-conjugated (amide) and directly conjugated (p-phenylene, alkyne, alkene) bridges were synthesized through a convergent strategy. Using an experimentally calibrated computational protocol, their UV-Visible light absorption and emission spectra in solution were investigated. Remarkably, amide-, alkyne- and alkene-bridges undergo comparable vertical excitations. The different nature of these bridges manifests during excited-state relaxation and fluorescence. We predict that these molecules can serve as building blocks for p-type semiconductors with low reorganization energies, below 0.2 eV. Since solid-state self-assembly is crucial for this application, we examined the effect of the π-bridge over the supramolecular organization in this family of compounds to determine if stacking prevails in these π-extended coumarin derivatives. Amide and alkyne spacers allow coplanar conformations which crystallize readily; p-phenylene hinders planarity yet allows facile crystallization; alkene-bridged molecules eluded all crystallization attempts. All the crystals obtained feature dense face-to-face π-stacking with 3.5-3.7 Å interlayer distances, expected to facilitate charge transfer processes in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México Apdo. Postal 14-740, 0700, México
| | - Brenda Guzmán-Juárez
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México Apdo. Postal 14-740, 0700, México
| | - Montserrat Miranda-Olvera
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del Pilar Carreón-Castro
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mauricio Maldonado-Domínguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rafael Arcos-Ramos
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México Apdo. Postal 14-740, 0700, México.
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Plant Sterol Clustering Correlates with Membrane Microdomains as Revealed by Optical and Computational Microscopy. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100747. [PMID: 34677513 PMCID: PMC8539253 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Local inhomogeneities in lipid composition play a crucial role in the regulation of signal transduction and membrane traffic. This is particularly the case for plant plasma membrane, which is enriched in specific lipids, such as free and conjugated forms of phytosterols and typical phytosphingolipids. Nevertheless, most evidence for microdomains in cells remains indirect, and the nature of membrane inhomogeneities has been difficult to characterize. We used a new push–pull pyrene probe and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) combined with all-atom multiscale molecular dynamics simulations to provide a detailed view on the interaction between phospholipids and phytosterol and the effect of modulating cellular phytosterols on membrane-associated microdomains and phase separation formation. Our understanding of the organization principles of biomembranes is limited mainly by the challenge to measure distributions and interactions of lipids and proteins within the complex environment of living cells. Comparing phospholipids/phytosterol compositions typical of liquid-disordered (Ld) and liquid-ordered (Lo) domains, we furthermore show that phytosterols play crucial roles in membrane homeostasis. The simulation work highlights how state-of-the-art modeling alleviates some of the prior concerns and how unrefuted discoveries can be made through a computational microscope. Altogether, our results support the role of phytosterols in the lateral structuring of the PM of plant cells and suggest that they are key compounds for the formation of plant PM microdomains and the lipid-ordered phase.
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Nielsen MB. The 1,3-dithiol-2-ide carbanion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5999-6006. [PMID: 34190306 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dithiol-2-ide is a fully unsaturated five-membered heterocycle with a carbanion unit between two of the ring sulfur atoms. Derivatives thereof are important intermediates in synthetic protocols for preparing various 1,4-dithiafulvene (DTF) and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) compounds by Wittig, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons, or phosphite-mediated olefination reactions. When considering the electronic properties of DTF, one would usually consider this unit as an electron-donating group as it can form a 6π-aromatic 1,3-dithiolium ring by resonance. Yet, in this review, I will move forward a dual character of the DTF by which it can also act as an electron-withdrawing group, involving formation of the 1,3-dithiol-2-ide. In particular, this electronic effect can be used to explain its ability to promote the electrocyclic ring closure of a vinylheptafulvene into a dihydroazulene. This view on the properties of DTF is very much in line with the dual reactivity of ketene dithioacetals that react with both nucleophiles and electrophiles. Moreover, the 1,3-dithiol-2-ide unit was recently generated in the reduction of an extended and quinoid-like TTF where the core became an aromatic carbo-benzene moiety. This aspect is particularly interesting for future design of extended TTFs that can act as both electron donors and acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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8
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Sakai KI, Miyamoto N, Ogawa M, Kawano K, Akutagawa T. Photoinduced Generation of the π-Conjugated Zwitterionic State in the ESIPT Fluorophore of 2,4-Bisimidazolylphenol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4784-4792. [PMID: 34060839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that 2,4-bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (2,4-bImP) undergoes photoinduced conversion into the so-called "π-conjugated zwitterion" after causing an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. The powder sample of 2,4-bImP exhibits largely Stokes-shifted fluorescence characteristics to ESIPT fluorophores. On the other hand, its originally colorless solutions become colored when exposed to UV light for several minutes, whose color depends on the type of solvent. In particular, the CHCl3 solution rapidly turns dark green with the absorption maximum around 700 nm, and the colored solution is nearly restored to original by alternating addition of acid and base. To explain such drastic and reversible color changes, we hypothesized that the occurrence of ESIPT (i.e., deprotonation of the phenol and protonation of the imidazolyl group at its 2-position) triggered the charge-separated structure between the negatively charged phenolate and the positively charged imidazoliumyl group at its 4-position, which allowed resonance with the neutral p-quinoid structure. The formation of this π-conjugated zwitterion was strongly supported by the results of 1H and 15N NMR and Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Sakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Mayu Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Polymer Hybrid Materials Research Center, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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9
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Senthil Kumar K, Šalitroš I, Heinrich B, Moldovan S, Mauro M, Ruben M. Spin-crossover in iron(II)-phenylene ethynylene-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl) pyridine hybrids: toward switchable molecular wire-like architectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:204002. [PMID: 31945748 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab6cc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) and spin-crossover (SCO) active Fe(II)-2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl) pyridine (BPP) systems are prominent examples proposed to develop functional materials such as molecular wires/memories. A marriage between OPE and Fe(II)-BPP systems is a strategy to obtain supramolecular luminescent ligands capable of metal coordination useful to produce novel spin-switchable hybrids with synergistic coupling between spin-state of Fe(II) and a physical property associated with the OPE skeleton, for example, electronic conductivity or luminescence. To begin in this direction, two novel ditopic ligands, namely L1 and L2, featuring OPE-type backbone end-capped with metal coordinating BPP were designed and synthetized. The ligand L2 tailored with 2-ethylhexyloxy chains at the 2 and 5 positions of the OPE skeleton shows modulated optical properties and improved solubility in common organic solvents relative to the parent ligand L1. Solution phase complexation of L1 and L2 with Fe(BF4)2·6H2O resulted in the formation of insoluble materials of the composition [Fe(L1)] n (BF4)2n and [Fe(L2)] n (BF4)2n as inferred from elemental analyses. Complex [Fe(L1)] n (BF4)2n underwent thermal SCO centred at T 1/2 = 275 K as well as photoinduced low-spin to high-spin transition with the existence of the metastable high-spin state up to 52 K. On the other hand, complex [Fe(L2)] n (BF4)2n , tethered with 2-ethylhexyloxy groups, showed gradual and half-complete SCO with 50% of the Fe(II)-centres permanently blocked in the high-spin state due to intermolecular steric interactions. The small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern of the as-prepared solid complex [Fe(L1)] n (BF4)2n revealed the presence of nm-sized crystallites implying a possible methodology towards the template-free synthesis of functional-SCO nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23, rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
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10
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Yuan B, Li C, Zhao Y, Gröning O, Zhou X, Zhang P, Guan D, Li Y, Zheng H, Liu C, Mai Y, Liu P, Ji W, Jia J, Wang S. Resolving Quinoid Structure in Poly(para-phenylene) Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10034-10041. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingkai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Can Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xieyu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - DanDan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Canhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peinian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jinfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Al-Sharif HHT, Ziessel R, Waddell PG, Dixon C, Harriman A. Origin of Fluorescence from Boranils in the Crystalline Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2160-2172. [PMID: 32111115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A small series of boranil complexes has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Weakly fluorescent in most organic solvents at room temperature, the target compounds display bright emission in the crystalline phase. X-ray diffraction patterns obtained for single crystals indicate a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the O-B-N center with the boron atom being displaced from the plane of the heterobicyclic ring. Consideration of the various bond lengths in comparison with those of reference compounds indicates that the ancillary phenyl ring, bearing different para-substituents, does not make a prominent contribution to the molecular dipole moment in the solid state. Absorption and fluorescence spectra recorded for the crystals remain remarkably similar to those for liquid solutions and display large Stokes shifts. Proximity broadening is observed in one case. The nitrophenyl derivative exhibits additional absorption and emission bands unique to the solid state and could be indicative of an intermolecular charge-transfer transition. The optical properties are discussed in terms of the crystal packing diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatun H T Al-Sharif
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Raymond Ziessel
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Paul G Waddell
- Crystallography Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Casey Dixon
- NMR Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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12
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F. Abdollahi M, Zhao Y. Recent advances in dithiafulvenyl-functionalized organic conjugated materials. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent studies of advanced organic π-conjugated materials that contain 1,4-dithiafulvene (DTF) as a redox-active component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada
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13
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Mosso N, Sadeghi H, Gemma A, Sangtarash S, Drechsler U, Lambert C, Gotsmann B. Thermal Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7614-7622. [PMID: 31560850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions exhibit a rich and tunable set of thermal transport phenomena. However, the predicted high thermoelectric efficiencies, phonon quantum interference effects, rectification, and nonlinear heat transport properties of organic molecules are yet to be verified because suitable experimental techniques have been missing. Here, by combining the break junction technique with suspended heat-flux sensors with picowatt per Kelvin sensitivity, we measured the thermal and electrical conductance of single organic molecules at room temperature simultaneously. We used this method to study the thermal transport properties of two model systems, namely, dithiol-oligo(phenylene ethynylene) and octane dithiol junctions with gold electrodes. In agreement with our density functional theory and phase-coherent transport calculations, we show that heat transport across these systems is governed by the phonon mismatch between the molecules and the metallic electrodes. This work represents the first measurement of thermal transport through single molecules and opens new opportunities for studying heat management at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Mosso
- IBM Research-Zurich , Rueschlikon 8803 , Switzerland
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
- Physics Department , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Gemma
- IBM Research-Zurich , Rueschlikon 8803 , Switzerland
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
- Physics Department , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
| | - Ute Drechsler
- IBM Research-Zurich , Rueschlikon 8803 , Switzerland
| | - Colin Lambert
- Physics Department , Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YB , United Kingdom
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14
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Wang T, Du W, Tomczak N, Wang L, Nijhuis CA. In Operando Characterization and Control over Intermittent Light Emission from Molecular Tunnel Junctions via Molecular Backbone Rigidity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900390. [PMID: 31637155 PMCID: PMC6794720 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In principle, excitation of surface plasmons by molecular tunnel junctions can be controlled at the molecular level. Stable electrical excitation sources of surface plasmons are therefore desirable. Herein, molecular junctions are reported where tunneling charge carriers excite surface plasmons in the gold bottom electrodes via inelastic tunneling and it is shown that the intermittent light emission (blinking) originates from conformational dynamics of the molecules. The blinking rates, in turn, are controlled by changing the rigidity of the molecular backbone. Power spectral density analysis shows that molecular junctions with flexible aliphatic molecules blink, while junctions with rigid aromatic molecules do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543SingaporeSingapore
| | - Wei Du
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543SingaporeSingapore
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543SingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis138634SingaporeSingapore
| | - Lejia Wang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543SingaporeSingapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore3 Science Drive 3117543SingaporeSingapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research CentreNational University of Singapore6 Science Drive 2117546SingaporeSingapore
- NUSNNI NanocoreNational University of Singapore117411SingaporeSingapore
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15
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Liu J, Huang X, Wang F, Hong W. Quantum Interference Effects in Charge Transport through Single-Molecule Junctions: Detection, Manipulation, and Application. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:151-160. [PMID: 30500161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference effects (QIEs), which offer unique opportunities for the fine-tuning of charge transport through molecular building blocks by constructive or destructive quantum interference, have become an emerging area in single-molecule electronics. Benefiting from the QIEs, charge transport through molecular systems can be controlled through minor structural and environmental variations, which cause various charge transport states to be significantly changed from conductive to insulative states and offer promising applications in future functional single-molecule devices. Although QIEs were predicted by theoreticians more than two decades ago, only since 2011 have the challenges in ultralow conductance detection originating from destructive quantum interference been overcome experimentally. Currently, a series of single-molecule conductance investigations have been carried out experimentally to detect constructive and destructive QIEs in charge transport through various types of molecular junctions by altering molecular patterns and connectivities. Furthermore, the use of QIEs to tune the properties of charge transport through single-molecule junctions using external gating shows vital potential in future molecular electronic devices. The experimental and theoretical investigations of QIEs offer new fundamental understanding of the structural-electronic relationships in molecular devices and materials at the nanoscale. In this Account, we discuss our progress toward the experimental detection, manipulation, and further application of QIEs in charge transport through single-molecule junctions. These experiments were carried out continuously in our previous group at the University of Bern and in our lab at Xiamen University. As a result of the development of mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) and scanning tunneling microscope break junction (STM-BJ) techniques, we could detect ultralow charge transport through the cross-conjugated anthraquinone center, which was one of the earliest experimental studies of QIEs. In close cooperation with organic chemists and theoretical physicists, we systematically investigated charge transport through single-molecule junctions originating from QIEs in conjugated centers ranging from simple single benzene to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heteroaromatics, and even complicated metalla-aromatics at room temperature. Then we further investigated the quantitative correlation between molecular structure and quantum interference by altering different molecular patterns and connectivities in homologous series of PAHs and heteroatom systems. Additionally, external chemical and electrochemical gating of single-molecule devices can be used for direct QIE manipulation via not only tuning molecular conjugation but also shifting the electrode Fermi level. Our study further suggested that distinguishable differences in conductance resulting from QIEs offer opportunities to detect photothermal reaction kinetics and to recognize isomers at the single-molecule scale. These investigations demonstrate the universality of QIEs in charge transport through various molecular building blocks. Moreover, effective manipulation of QIEs leads to various novel phenomena and promising applications in molecular electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, NEL, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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16
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Zang Y, Ray S, Fung ED, Borges A, Garner MH, Steigerwald ML, Solomon GC, Patil S, Venkataraman L. Resonant Transport in Single Diketopyrrolopyrrole Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13167-13170. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Suman Ray
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - E-Dean Fung
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Anders Borges
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marc H. Garner
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Paramasivam M, Chitumalla RK, Jang J, Youk JH. The impact of heteroatom substitution on cross-conjugation and its effect on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs - a computational investigation of linear vs. cross-conjugated anchoring units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22660-22673. [PMID: 30132478 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unusual bonding pattern and proximal heteroatom substitution in π-cross conjugation produced distinct changes in the energy levels and photophysical behaviour of the dyes. To seek an understanding of the origin of these fluctuations, we have carried out a detailed computational investigation on a series of D-π1-π2 (A1)-A2 structured dyes comprised of common donor-spacer (auxiliary acceptor) units but varied the anchoring parts. In this study, we introduced a novel dimethylamino substituted fluorene-based triarylamine donor unit and evaluated its donating strength. Based on the comparison of DFT computed energy levels with experimental results, we have proposed an orbital splitting pattern to explain the energy level and photophysical properties of the linear vs. cross-conjugated dyes with respect to the linking position of the anchoring unit and benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTD) substitution. The smallest HOMO-LUMO gap of B3 mainly originated from the weak overlap of the directionality mismatch of the orbital interaction imposed by cross-conjugation. The inefficient overlap in B3 can possibly influence the energy levels but failed to enhance the charge transfer transitions upon photoexcitation. On the other hand, β-heteroatom substitution in bridged dyes partially enhanced π-delocalization over the cross conjugation and produced a significant ICT absorption with an optoelectronic response in the NIR region. BTD acceptor substitution increased the HOMO-LUMO gap of the bridged dyes. NBO analysis was performed to corroborate our predictions. DOS-PDOS analysis of the dyes@TiO2 was employed to investigate the electron injection rate of linear vs. bridged dyes. The anchoring pattern and large torsional deviation of the carboxylate anchoring group upon TiO2 adsorption drastically decreased the photovoltaic performance of the bridged dyes. The results obtained from this study provided a detailed understanding of how to surmount the cross-conjugation with the aid of β-heteroatom substitution. These design guidelines would be helpful in developing novel NIR dyes with better hole mobility for various optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, π-delocalization over the cross-conjugation concept opens a new pathway in the field of functional molecular devices to increase the charge conductance over several orders of magnitude with a significant reduction of destructive quantum interference at the molecular junction.
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18
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Shu CH, Liu MX, Zha ZQ, Pan JL, Zhang SZ, Xie YL, Chen JL, Yuan DW, Qiu XH, Liu PN. On-surface synthesis of poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) molecular wires via in situ formation of carbon-carbon triple bond. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2322. [PMID: 29899408 PMCID: PMC5998079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon–carbon triple bond (–C≡C–) is an elementary constituent for the construction of conjugated molecular wires and carbon allotropes such as carbyne and graphyne. Here we describe a general approach to in situ synthesize –C≡C– bond on Cu(111) surface via homo-coupling of the trichloromethyl groups, enabling the fabrication of individual and arrays of poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) molecular wires. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a delocalized electronic state extending along these molecular wires, whose structure is unraveled by atomically resolved images of scanning tunneling microscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy. Combined with density functional theory calculations, we identify the intermediates formed in the sequential dechlorination process, including surface-bound benzyl, carbene, and carbyne radicals. Our method overcomes the limitation of previous on-surface syntheses of –C≡C– incorporated systems, which require the precursors containing alkyne group; it therefore allows for a more flexible design and fabrication of molecular architectures with tailored properties. Incorporating carbon-carbon triple bonds into conjugated chains typically requires acetylenic precursors. Here, the authors synthesize poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) molecular wires on Cu(111) by directly coupling trichloromethyl-containing precursors, forming C-C triple bonds in situ
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Qi Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Ze Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Le Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wang Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Zhang Y, Ye G, Soni S, Qiu X, Krijger TL, Jonkman HT, Carlotti M, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Chiechi RC. Controlling destructive quantum interference in tunneling junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers via bond topology and functional groups. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4414-4423. [PMID: 29896382 PMCID: PMC5961448 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum interference effects (QI) are of interest in nano-scale devices based on molecular tunneling junctions because they can affect conductance exponentially through minor structural changes. However, their utilization requires the prediction and deterministic control over the position and magnitude of QI features, which remains a significant challenge. In this context, we designed and synthesized three benzodithiophenes based molecular wires; one linearly-conjugated, one cross-conjugated and one cross-conjugated quinone. Using eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) and CP-AFM, we compared them to a well-known anthraquinone in molecular junctions comprising self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). By combining density functional theory and transition voltage spectroscopy, we show that the presence of an interference feature and its position can be controlled independently by manipulating bond topology and electronegativity. This is the first study to separate these two parameters experimentally, demonstrating that the conductance of a tunneling junction depends on the position and depth of a QI feature, both of which can be controlled synthetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus L Krijger
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Harry T Jonkman
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marco Carlotti
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eric Sauter
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheier Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheier Feld 253 , Heidelberg 69120 , Germany
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands . .,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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20
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21
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Li R, Lu Z, Cai Y, Jiang F, Tang C, Chen Z, Zheng J, Pi J, Zhang R, Liu J, Chen ZB, Yang Y, Shi J, Hong W, Xia H. Switching of Charge Transport Pathways via Delocalization Changes in Single-Molecule Metallacycles Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14344-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiuchan Pi
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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22
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Nozaki D, Schmidt WG. Current density analysis of electron transport through molecular wires in open quantum systems. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1685-1692. [PMID: 28480601 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Nozaki
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn 33098 Germany
| | - Wolf Gero Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Materialphysik, Universität Paderborn; Warburger Str. 100 Paderborn 33098 Germany
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23
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Mansø M, Koole M, Mulder M, Olavarria-Contreras IJ, Andersen CL, Jevric M, Broman SL, Kadziola A, Hammerich O, van der Zant HSJ, Nielsen MB. Synthesis and Single-Molecule Conductances of Neutral and Cationic Indenofluorene-Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes: Kondo Effect Molecules. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8406-14. [PMID: 27548751 PMCID: PMC5038357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Development of molecules
that can switch between redox states with
paired and unpaired electrons is important for molecular electronics
and spintronics. In this work, a selection of redox-active indenofluorene-extended
tetrathiafulvalenes (IF-TTFs) with thioacetate end groups was prepared
from a readily obtainable dibromo-functionalized IF-TTF building block
using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki
reaction. The end groups served as electrode anchoring groups for
single-molecule conductance studies, and the molecules were subjected
to mechanically controlled break-junction measurements with gold contacts
and to low-bias charge transport measurements in gated three-terminal
electromigration junctions. The neutral molecules showed clear conductance
signatures, and somewhat surprisingly, we found that a meta–meta anchoring configuration gave a higher conductance than a para–meta configuration. We explain this behavior
by “through-space” coupling between the gold electrode
and the phenyl on which the anchoring group is attached. Upon charging
the molecule in a gated junction, we found reproducibly a Kondo effect
(zero-bias conductance) attributed to a net spin. Ready generation
of radical cations was supported by cyclic voltammetry measurements,
revealing stepwise formation of radical cation and dication species
in solution. The first oxidation event was accompanied by association
reactions as the appearance of the first oxidation peak was strongly
concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Mansø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Max Koole
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Mulder
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cecilie Lindholm Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Søren Lindbæk Broman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anders Kadziola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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24
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Karimi MA, Bahoosh SG, Valášek M, Bürkle M, Mayor M, Pauly F, Scheer E. Identification of the current path for a conductive molecular wire on a tripodal platform. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10582-10590. [PMID: 27163116 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08708b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the chemical synthesis as well as charge transport measurements and calculations for a new tripodal platform based on a rigid 9,9'-spirobifluorene equipped with a phenylene-ethynylene wire. The transport experiments are performed with the help of the low-temperature mechanically controlled break junction technique with gold electrodes. By combining experimental and theoretical investigations of elastic and inelastic charge transport, we show that the current proceeds through the designated molecular wire and identify a binding geometry that is compatible with the experimental observations. The conductive molecular wire on the platform features a well-defined and relatively high conductance of the order of 10(-3)G0 despite the length of the current path of more than 1.7 nm, demonstrating that this platform is suitable to incorporate functional units like molecular switches or sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - S G Bahoosh
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - M Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Bürkle
- Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI) 'RICS', National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - M Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland and Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, China
| | - F Pauly
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - E Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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