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Wang JQ, Song LJ, Huo JT, Gao M, Zhang Y. Designing Advanced Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloys by Controlling the Energy State. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311406. [PMID: 38811026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous alloys, also known as metallic glasses, exhibit many advanced mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Owing to the nonequilibrium nature, their energy states can vary over a wide range. However, the energy relaxation kinetics are very complex and composed of various types that are coupled with each other. This makes it challenging to control the energy state precisely and to study the energy-properties relationship. This brief review introduces the recent progresses on studying the enthalpy relaxation kinetics during isothermal annealing, for example, the observation of two-step relaxation phenomenon, the detection of relaxation unit (relaxun), the key role of large activation entropy in triggering memory effect, the influence of glass energy state on nanocrystallization. Based on the above knowledge, a new strategy is proposed to design a series of amorphous alloys and their composites consisting of nanocrystals and glass matrix with superior functional properties by precisely controlling the nonequilibrium energy states. As the typical examples, Fe-based amorphous alloys with both advanced soft magnetism and good plasticity, Gd-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composites with large magnetocaloric effect, and Fe-based amorphous alloys with high catalytic performance are specifically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Jian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Tao Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Wang Q, Zhang LF, Zhou ZY, Yu HB. Predicting the pathways of string-like motions in metallic glasses via path-featurizing graph neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2799. [PMID: 38781338 PMCID: PMC11114230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
String-like motions (SLMs)-cooperative, "snake"-like movements of particles-are crucial for dynamics in diverse glass formers. Despite their ubiquity, questions persist: Do SLMs prefer specific paths? If so, can we predict these paths? Here, in Al-Sm glasses, our isoconfigurational ensemble simulations reveal that SLMs do follow certain paths. By designing a graph neural network (GNN) to featurize the environment around directional paths, we achieve a high-fidelity prediction of likely SLM pathways, solely based on the static structure. GNN gauges a structural measure to assess each path's propensity to engage in SLMs, akin to a "softness" metric, but for paths rather than for atoms. Our GNN interpretation reveals the critical role of the bottleneck zone along a path in steering SLMs. By monitoring "path softness," we elucidate that SLM-favored paths transit from fragmented to interconnected upon glass transition. Our findings reveal that, beyond atoms or clusters, glasses have another dimension of structural heterogeneity: "paths."
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang, Sichuan 621908, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhang
- China Telecom Artificial Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Zhou
- School of Physics, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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3
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Duan YJ, Nabahat M, Tong Y, Ortiz-Membrado L, Jiménez-Piqué E, Zhao K, Wang YJ, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier JM, Qiao JC, Pineda E. Connection between Mechanical Relaxation and Equilibration Kinetics in a High-Entropy Metallic Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056101. [PMID: 38364152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The slow transition from an out-of-equilibrium glass towards a supercooled liquid is a complex relaxation phenomenon. In this Letter, we study the correlation between mechanical relaxation and equilibration kinetics in a Pd_{20}Pt_{20}Cu_{20}Ni_{20}P_{20} high-entropy metallic glass. The evolution of stress relaxation with aging time was obtained with an unprecedented detail, allowing us to pinpoint new interesting features. The long structural relaxation towards equilibrium contains a wide distribution of activation energies, instead of being just associated to the β relaxation as commonly accepted. The stress relaxation time can be correlated with the equilibration rate and we observe a decrease of microstructural heterogeneity which contrasts with an increase of dynamic heterogeneity. These results significantly enhance our insight of the interplay between relaxation dynamics and thermodynamics in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Duan
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - M Nabahat
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Yu Tong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - L Ortiz-Membrado
- Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - E Jiménez-Piqué
- Department of Materials Science, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Kun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J M Pelletier
- Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bâtiment Blaise Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J C Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - E Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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4
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Woods KN. Modeling of protein hydration dynamics is supported by THz spectroscopy of highly diluted solutions. Front Chem 2023; 11:1131935. [PMID: 37361018 PMCID: PMC10290188 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1131935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, we report the effect on the microscopic dynamics and interactions of the cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and antibodies to IFN-γ (anti-IFN-γ) and to the interferon gamma receptor 1 (anti-IFNGR1) prepared in highly dilute (HD) solutions of initial proteins. THz spectroscopy measurements have been conducted as a means to analyze and characterize the collective dynamics of the HD samples. MD simulations have also been performed that have successfully reproduced the observed signatures from experimental measurement. Using this joint experimental-computational approach we determine that the HD process associated with the preparation of the highly diluted samples used in this investigation induces a dynamical transition that results in collective changes in the hydrogen-bond network of the solvent. The dynamical transition in the solvent is triggered by changes in the mobility and hydrogen-bonding interactions of the surface molecules in the HD samples and is characterized by dynamical heterogeneity. We have uncovered that the reorganization of the sample surface residue dynamics at the solvent-protein interface leads to both structural and kinetic heterogeneous dynamics that ultimately create interactions that enhance the binding probability of the antigen binding site. Our results indicate that the modified interfacial dynamics of anti-IFN-γ and anti-IFGNR1 that we probe experimentally are directly associated with alterations in the complementarity regions of the distinct antibodies that designate both antigen-antibody affinity and recognition.
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Song L, Gao Y, Zou P, Xu W, Gao M, Zhang Y, Huo J, Li F, Qiao J, Wang LM, Wang JQ. Detecting the exponential relaxation spectrum in glasses by high-precision nanocalorimetry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302776120. [PMID: 37155861 PMCID: PMC10193961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302776120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonexponential relaxations are universal characteristics for glassy materials. There is a well-known hypothesis that nonexponential relaxation peaks are composed of a series of exponential events, which have not been verified. In this Letter, we discover the exponential relaxation events during the recovery process using a high-precision nanocalorimetry, which are universal for metallic glasses and organic glasses. The relaxation peaks can be well fitted by the exponential Debye function with a single activation energy. The activation energy covers a broad range from α relaxation to β relaxation and even the fast γ/β' relaxation. We obtain the complete spectrum of the exponential relaxation peaks over a wide temperature range from 0.63Tg to 1.03Tg, which provides solid evidence that nonexponential relaxation peaks can be decomposed into exponential relaxation units. Furthermore, the contribution of different relaxation modes in the nonequilibrium enthalpy space is measured. These results open a door for developing the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium physics and for precisely modulating the properties of glasses by controlling the relaxation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Song
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yurong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Fushan S. Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Jichao C. Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian710072, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei066004, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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6
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Highly tunable β-relaxation enables the tailoring of crystallization in phase-change materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7352. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn glasses, secondary (β-) relaxations are the predominant source of atomic dynamics. Recently, they have been discovered in covalently bonded glasses, i.e., amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs). However, it is unclear what the mechanism of β-relaxations is in covalent systems and how they are related to crystallization behaviors of PCMs that are crucial properties for non-volatile memories and neuromorphic applications. Here we show direct evidence that crystallization is strongly linked to β-relaxations. We find that the β-relaxation in Ge15Sb85 possesses a high tunability, which enables a manipulation of crystallization kinetics by an order of magnitude. In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, dielectric functions, and ab-initio calculations indicate that the weakened β-relaxation intensity stems from a local reinforcement of Peierls-like distortions, which increases the rigidity of the bonding network and decreases the dynamic heterogeneity. Our findings offer a conceptually new approach to tuning the crystallization of PCMs based on manipulating the β-relaxations.
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7
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Duan YJ, Zhang LT, Qiao JC, Wang YJ, Yang Y, Wada T, Kato H, Pelletier JM, Pineda E, Crespo D. Intrinsic Correlation between the Fraction of Liquidlike Zones and the β Relaxation in High-Entropy Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:175501. [PMID: 36332263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lacking the structural information of crystalline solids, the origin of the relaxation dynamics of metallic glasses is unclear. Here, we report the evolution of stress relaxation of high-entropy metallic glasses with distinct β relaxation behavior. The fraction of liquidlike zones, determined at each temperature by the intensity of stress decay, is shown to be directly related to both the aging process and the spectrum of relaxation modes obtained by mechanical spectroscopy. The results shed light on the intrinsic correlation between the static and dynamic mechanical response in high-entropy and conventional metallic glasses, pointing toward a sluggish diffusion high-entropy effect in the liquid dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Duan
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - L T Zhang
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - J C Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yun-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - J M Pelletier
- Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bâtiment B. Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - E Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - D Crespo
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
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8
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Li R, Wu R, Li Z, Wang J, Liu X, Wen Y, Chiang FK, Chen SW, Chan KC, Lu Z. Boosting Oxygen-Evolving Activity via Atom-Stepped Interfaces Architected with Kinetic Frustration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206890. [PMID: 36101917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A highly active interface is extremely critical for the catalytic efficiency of an electrocatalyst; however, facilely tailoring its atomic packing characteristics remains challenging. Herein, a simple yet effective strategy is reported to obtain copious high-energy atomic steps at the interface via controlling the solidification behavior of glass-forming metallic liquids. By adjusting the chemical composition and cooling rate, highly faceted FeNi3 nanocrystals are in situ formed in an FeNiB metallic glass (MG) matrix, leading to the creation of order/disorder interfaces. Benefiting from the catalytically active and stable atomic steps at the jagged interfaces, the resultant free-standing FeNi3 nanocrystal/MG composite exhibits a low oxygen-evolving overpotential of 214 mV at 10 mA cm-2 , a small Tafel slope of 32.4 mV dec-1 , and good stability in alkaline media, outperforming most state-of-the-art catalysts. This approach is based on the manipulation of nucleation and crystal growth of the solid-solution nanophases (e.g., FeNi3 ) in glass-forming liquids, so that the highly stepped interface architecture can be obtained due to the kinetic frustration effect in MGs upon undercooling. It is envisaged that the atomic-level stepped interface engineering via the physical metallurgy method can be easily extended to other MG systems, providing a new and generic paradigm for designing efficient yet cost-effective electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Institute of Clean Energy, Yangtze River Delta Research Insitute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ruoyu Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiongjun Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuren Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fu-Kuo Chiang
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - Shi-Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhaoping Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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9
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Luo Q, Zhang Z, Li D, Luo P, Wang W, Shen B. Nanoscale-to-Mesoscale Heterogeneity and Percolating Favored Clusters Govern Ultrastability of Metallic Glasses. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2867-2873. [PMID: 35298183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehending and controlling the stability of glasses is one of the most challenging issues in glass science. Here we explore the microscopic origin of the ultrastability of a Cu-Zr-Al metallic glass (MG). It is revealed that the ultrastable window (0.7-0.8 Tg) of MGs correlates with the enhanced degree of nanoscale-to-mesoscale structural/mechanical heterogeneity and the connection of stability-favored clusters. On one side, the increased fraction of stability-favored clusters promotes the formation of a stable percolating network through a critical percolation transition, which is essential to form ultrastable MG. On the other side, the enhanced heterogeneity arising from an increased distribution in local clusters may promote synergistically a more efficient and frustrated packing of amorphous structure, contributing to the ultrastability. The present work sheds new light on the stability of MGs and provides a step toward next-generation MGs with superior stability and performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhengguo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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10
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Yang Q, Pei CQ, Yu HB, Feng T. Metallic Nanoglasses with Promoted β-Relaxation and Tensile Plasticity. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6051-6056. [PMID: 34240612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The secondary (β) relaxation is an intrinsic feature of glassy systems and is crucial for the mechanical properties of metallic glasses. However, it remains puzzling what structural features control the β-relaxation fundamentally. Here, we use the recently developed nanoglasses exhibiting well-defined structural features at the nanometer scale to interrogate such structure-dynamics relations. We show that an electrodeposited Ni77.5P22.5 nanoglass exhibits promoted β-relaxation and enhanced microscale tensile plasticity over the most rapidly melt-quenched metallic glass with the same composition. Structurally, the β-relaxation is sensitive to the interfacial regions among grains in the nanoglasses. Our results reveal a clear correlation between the amorphous nanostructures and the β-relaxation. It seems that the nanostructuring represents a novel route to obtain high-energy glassy states, that is, the inverse problem of the ultrastable glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China
| | - Chao-Qun Pei
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China
| | - Tao Feng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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11
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Jiang H, Xu J, Zhang Q, Yu Q, Shen L, Liu M, Sun Y, Cao C, Su D, Bai H, Meng S, Sun B, Gu L, Wang W. Direct observation of atomic-level fractal structure in a metallic glass membrane. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1312-1318. [PMID: 36654153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Determination and conceptualization of atomic structures of metallic glasses or amorphous alloys remain a grand challenge. Structural models proposed for bulk metallic glasses are still controversial owing to experimental difficulties in directly imaging the atom positions in three-dimensional structures. With the advanced atomic-resolution imaging, here we directly observed the atomic arrangements in atomically thin metallic glassy membranes obtained by vapor deposition. The atomic packing in the amorphous membrane is shown to have a fractal characteristic, with the fractal dimension depending on the atomic density. Locally, the atomic configuration for the metallic glass membrane is composed of many types of polygons with the bonding angles concentrated on 45°-55°. The fractal atomic structure is consistent with the analysis by the percolation theory, and may account for the enhanced relaxation dynamics and the easiness of glass transition as reported for the thin metallic glassy films or glassy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Laiquan Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yitao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chengrong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haiyang Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Weihua Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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New insights into the microscopic interactions associated with the physical mechanism of action of highly diluted biologics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13774. [PMID: 34215838 PMCID: PMC8253741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, we report the effect on the microscopic dynamics and interactions of the cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and antibodies to IFN-γ (anti-IFN-γ) and to the interferon gamma receptor 1 (anti-IFNGR1) prepared in exceptionally dilute solutions of initial proteins. Using both THz spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations we have uncovered that the high dilution method of sample preparation results in the reorganization of the sample surface residue dynamics at the solvent–protein interface that leads to both structural and kinetic heterogeneous dynamics that ultimately create interactions that enhance the binding probability of the antigen binding site. Our results indicate that the modified interfacial dynamics of anti-IFN-γ and anti-IFGNR1 that we probe experimentally are directly associated with alterations in the complementarity regions of the distinct antibodies that designate both antigen–antibody affinity and recognition.
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13
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Nguyen HK, Goseki R, Ishizone T, Nakajima K. Effect of molecular weight and architecture on nanoscale viscoelastic heterogeneity at the surface of polymer films. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Jiang J, Lu Z, Shen J, Wada T, Kato H, Chen M. Decoupling between calorimetric and dynamical glass transitions in high-entropy metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3843. [PMID: 34158476 PMCID: PMC8219663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass transition is one of the unresolved critical issues in solid-state physics and materials science, during which a viscous liquid is frozen into a solid or structurally arrested state. On account of the uniform arrested mechanism, the calorimetric glass transition temperature (Tg) always follows the same trend as the dynamical glass transition (or α-relaxation) temperature (Tα) determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Here, we explored the correlations between the calorimetric and dynamical glass transitions of three prototypical high-entropy metallic glasses (HEMGs) systems. We found that the HEMGs present a depressed dynamical glass transition phenomenon, i.e., HEMGs with moderate calorimetric Tg represent the highest Tα and the maximum activation energy of α-relaxation. These decoupled glass transitions from thermal and mechanical measurements reveal the effect of high configurational entropy on the structure and dynamics of supercooled liquids and metallic glasses, which are associated with sluggish diffusion and decreased dynamic and spatial heterogeneities from high mixing entropy. The results have important implications in understanding the entropy effect on the structure and properties of metallic glasses for designing new materials with plenteous physical and mechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhen Lu
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Metallic Glass Thin Films via Modification of Structural Heterogeneity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040999. [PMID: 33672573 PMCID: PMC7924064 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure of Cu50Zr50 and Co56Ta35B9 metallic glass thin films (MGTF) was effectively tailored via various applied substrate temperatures by means of the magnetron sputtering technology. Obviously enhanced hardness and elastic modulus are achieved by different compositional MGTFs by increasing the substrate temperature. Compared with the CuZr MGTFs, the CoTaB MGTF deposited at 473 K displays the smaller strain-rate sensitivity exponent, m, and a weaker spectrum intensity based on the nanoindentation creep test, suggesting its better creep resistance. In addition, the STZ volume of the CoTaB MGTF significantly decreases after depositing at higher temperature. According to the nano-scratch analysis, the CoTaB MGTF at the substrate temperatures of 473 K performs the shallower scratch width and the larger H3/E2 value, indicating its better tribological property.
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16
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Investigation of the Structural Heterogeneity and Corrosion Performance of the Annealed Fe-Based Metallic Glasses. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040929. [PMID: 33669234 PMCID: PMC7919831 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the structural heterogeneity, mechanical property, electrochemical behavior, and passive film characteristics of Fe-Cr-Mo-W-C-B-Y metallic glasses (MGs), which were modified through annealing at different temperatures. Results showed that annealing MGs below the glass transition temperature enhanced corrosion resistance in HCl solution owing to a highly protective passive film formed, originating from the decreased free volume and the shrinkage of the first coordination shell, which was found by pair distribution function analysis. In contrast, the enlarged first coordination shell and nanoscale crystal-like clusters were identified for MGs annealed in the supercooled liquid region, which led to a destabilized passive film and thereby deteriorated corrosion resistance. This finding reveals the crucial role of structural heterogeneity in tuning the corrosion performance of MGs.
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17
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Yang Q, Peng SX, Wang Z, Yu HB. Shadow glass transition as a thermodynamic signature of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1896-1905. [PMID: 34691531 PMCID: PMC8288642 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One puzzling phenomenon in glass physics is the so-called 'shadow glass transition' which is an anomalous heat-absorbing process below the real glass transition and influences glass properties. However, it has yet to be entirely characterized, let alone fundamentally understood. Conventional calorimetry detects it in limited heating rates. Here, with the chip-based fast scanning calorimetry, we study the dynamics of the shadow glass transition over four orders of magnitude in heating rates for 24 different hyper-quenched metallic glasses. We present evidence that the shadow glass transition correlates with the secondary (β) relaxation: (i) The shadow glass transition and the β relaxation follow the same temperature-time dependence, and both merge with the primary relaxation at high temperature. (ii) The shadow glass transition is more obvious in glasses with pronounced β relaxation, and vice versa; their magnitudes are proportional to each other. Our findings suggest that the shadow glass transition signals the thermodynamics of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si-Xu Peng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Gao M, Perepezko JH. Mapping the Viscoelastic Heterogeneity at the Nanoscale in Metallic Glasses by Static Force Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7558-7565. [PMID: 32970446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale viscoelastic heterogeneity is an important concept for understanding the relationship between the microscopic atomic structure and the macroscopic mechanical behaviors in metallic glasses. However, the direct measurement of viscoelastic behavior at the nanoscale is still missing. Here we report a new measurement method based on static force microscopy to directly measure the viscoelastic properties at the nanoscale. The observed adhesive force and elastic modulus maps clearly display a typical hierarchical viscoelastic microstructure consisting of local hard and soft regions. Moreover, the adhesive force is more sensitive than the elastic modulus to viscoelastic heterogeneity and exhibits a bimodal distribution. In addition, we found that the structural relaxation and the rejuvenation effects induce the transition between the solid-like and liquid-like modes. The new measurement technique provides a powerful and quantative tool to investigate the nanoscale heterogeneity and build a connection between the microscopic structure and macroscopic mechanical behaviors in amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - John H Perepezko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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19
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Song L, Xu W, Huo J, Li F, Wang LM, Ediger MD, Wang JQ. Activation Entropy as a Key Factor Controlling the Memory Effect in Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:135501. [PMID: 33034495 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As opposed to the common monotonic relaxation process of glasses, the Kovacs memory effect describes an isothermal annealing experiment, in which the enthalpy and volume of a preannealed glass first increases before finally decreasing toward equilibrium. This interesting behavior has been observed for many materials and is generally explained in terms of heterogeneous dynamics. In this Letter, the memory effect in a model Au-based metallic glass is studied using a high-precision high-rate calorimeter. The activation entropy (S^{*}) during isothermal annealing is determined according to the absolute reaction rate theory. We observe that the memory effect appears only when the second-annealing process has a large S^{*}. These results indicate that a large value of S^{*} is a key requirement for observation of the memory effect and this may provide a useful perspective for understanding the memory effect in both thermal and athermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juntao Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fushan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - M D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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20
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Vinod S, Camp PJ, Philip J. Observation of soft glassy behavior in a magnetic colloid exposed to an external magnetic field. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7126-7136. [PMID: 32661528 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We provide the first experimental evidence for soft glassy behavior in a sterically stabilized magnetic colloid (ferrofluid) of relatively low volume fraction (φ = 0.037) when a uniform magnetic field is applied at a sufficiently high rate (fast quench). Fast magnetic-field quenches favor structural arrest of field-induced aggregates, owing to insufficient time to settle into lower energy states, thereby pushing the system to a frustrated metastable configuration like a repulsive glass. Brownian dynamics simulations are used to show that the polydisperse ferrofluid (as in experiments) forms thick ropes aligned along the field direction, while a monodisperse ferrofluid does not. The simulations show that there is practically no ordering of the thin, monodisperse chains, while the thick, polydisperse ropes show positional ordering with a typical center-center separation between the particles in different ropes of about 0.39 μm. As a consequence of structural arrest, the ferrofluid exhibits aging with broken time-translational invariance, a hallmark of glassy dynamics. The superposition of strain and creep compliance curves obtained from rheological measurements at different waiting times in the effective time domain corroborates the soft glassy behavior when exposed to a magnetic field applied at a fast ramp rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Vinod
- Metallurgy and Materials Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
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21
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Wang X, Xu WS, Zhang H, Douglas JF. Universal nature of dynamic heterogeneity in glass-forming liquids: A comparative study of metallic and polymeric glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:184503. [PMID: 31731847 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass-formation is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is often observed in a broad class of materials ranging from biological matter to commonly encountered synthetic polymer, as well as metallic and inorganic glass-forming (GF) materials. Despite the many regularities in the dynamical properties of GF materials, the structural origin of the universal dynamical properties of these materials has not yet been identified. Recent simulations of coarse-grained polymeric GF liquids have indicated the coexistence of clusters of mobile and immobile particles that appear to be directly linked, respectively, to the rate of molecular diffusion and structural relaxation. The present work examines the extent to which these distinct types of "dynamic heterogeneity" (DH) arise in metallic GF liquids (Cu-Zr, Ni-Nb, and Pd-Si alloys) having a vastly different molecular structure and chemistry. We first identified mobile and immobile particles and their transient clusters and found the DH in the metallic alloys to be remarkably similar in form to polymeric GF liquids, confirming the "universality" of the DH phenomenon. Furthermore, the lifetime of the mobile particle clusters was found to be directly related to the rate of diffusion in these materials, while the lifetime of immobile particles was found to be proportional to the structural relaxation time, providing some insight into the origin of decoupling in GF liquids. An examination of particles having a locally preferred atomic packing, and clusters of such particles, suggests that there is no one-to-one relation between these populations of particles so that an understanding of the origin of DH in terms of static fluid structure remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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22
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Wakeda M, Saida J. Heterogeneous structural changes correlated to local atomic order in thermal rejuvenation process of Cu-Zr metallic glass. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:632-642. [PMID: 31258826 PMCID: PMC6586098 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1624140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the atomistic mechanism of structural excitation in a thermal process (thermal rejuvenation) of metallic glass. In a molecular dynamics framework, Cu-Zr metallic glass was rejuvenated by a thermal process composed of an isothermal heat treatment at a temperature above the glass transition temperature T g , followed by fast cooling. Atomistic analyses of the local rearrangement, potential energy, and geometrical structure revealed structural changes correlating to the local atomic order in the rejuvenation process. In the early stage of the heat treatment for thermal rejuvenation, the structural excitation exhibited spatial heterogeneity at the nanometer scale. More-excited regions (i.e., regions with large atomic non-affine and affine transformations) exhibited low-ordered structures and vice versa, implying that the local structural excitation is significantly correlated with the local atomic order. The structural excitation transitioned from partial to whole as the isothermal process proceeded above T g . Although rejuvenation decreased the ordered structure, the calculation results suggested the formation of newly ordered local structures and newly disordered local structures correlated to local structural excitations and atomic dynamics in the thermal process. These results indicate that the heterogeneous structure evolution of the rejuvenation process induces a redistribution of the local atomic order in the microstructure of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Wakeda
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junji Saida
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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23
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Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Montazerian M, Gulbiten O, Mauro JC, Zanotto ED, Yue Y. Understanding Glass through Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7848-7939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Maziar Montazerian
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ozgur Gulbiten
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - John C. Mauro
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Edgar D. Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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25
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Phase separation, antiplasticization and moisture sorption in ternary systems containing polysaccharides and polyols. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wang Q, Huang X, Guo W, Cao Z. Synergy of orientational relaxation between bound water and confined water in ice cold-crystallization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:10293-10299. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dehydration/rehydration of some glycerol molecules provides the optimal path for ice cold-crystallization, wherein bound- and confined-water participate in a dynamically synergetic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- China
| | - Zexian Cao
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing
- China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory
- Guangdong
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27
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Yu HB, Yang MH, Sun Y, Zhang F, Liu JB, Wang CZ, Ho KM, Richert R, Samwer K. Fundamental Link between β Relaxation, Excess Wings, and Cage-Breaking in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5877-5883. [PMID: 30240226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In glassy materials, the Johari-Goldstein secondary (β) relaxation is crucial to many properties as it is directly related to local atomic motions. However, a long-standing puzzle remains elusive: why some glasses exhibit β relaxations as pronounced peaks while others present as unobvious excess wings? Using microsecond atomistic simulation of two model metallic glasses (MGs), we demonstrate that such a difference is associated with the number of string-like collective atomic jumps. Relative to that of excess wings, we find that MGs having pronounced β relaxations contain larger numbers of such jumps. Structurally, they are promoted by the higher tendency of cage-breaking events of their neighbors. Our results provide atomistic insights for different signatures of the β relaxation that could be helpful for understanding the low-temperature dynamics and properties of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , WuHan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Meng-Hao Yang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yang Sun
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - C Z Wang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Physics , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - K M Ho
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Physics , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
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28
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Zhu F, Song S, Reddy KM, Hirata A, Chen M. Spatial heterogeneity as the structure feature for structure-property relationship of metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3965. [PMID: 30262846 PMCID: PMC6160432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of crystalline materials can be quantitatively described by crystal defects of solute atoms, dislocations, twins, and grain boundaries with the models of solid solution strengthening, Taylor strain hardening and Hall-Petch grain boundary strengthening. However, for metallic glasses, a well-defined structure feature which dominates the mechanical properties of the disordered materials is still missing. Here, we report that nanoscale spatial heterogeneity is the inherent structural feature of metallic glasses. It has an intrinsic correlation with the strength and deformation behavior. The strength and Young's modulus of metallic glasses can be defined by the function of the square root reciprocal of the characteristic length of the spatial heterogeneity. Moreover, the stretching exponent of time-dependent strain relaxation can be quantitatively described by the characteristic length. Our study provides compelling evidence that the spatial heterogeneity is a feasible structural indicator for portraying mechanical properties of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Kolan Madhav Reddy
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21214, USA.
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29
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Wang XD, Zhang J, Xu TD, Yu Q, Cao QP, Zhang DX, Jiang JZ. Structural Signature of β-Relaxation in La-Based Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4308-4313. [PMID: 30016114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The secondary β-relaxation is an intrinsic feature in glassy materials. However, its structural origin is still not well understood. Here we report that the β-relaxations in La50Al15Ni35 and La50Al15Cu35 metallic glasses (MGs) mainly depend on the vibration of small Ni and Cu atoms in local cages. By using advanced synchrotron X-ray techniques and theoretical calculations, we elucidate that the tricapped-trigonal-prism-like polyhedra with more large La atoms in shells favor the local vibration of center Ni atoms, leading to the pronounced β-relaxation event. In contrast, the in-cage vibration of Cu atoms is somehow suppressed by the appearance of more shell Cu atoms. Nevertheless, they could easily diffuse out of the cages compared with Ni, thus triggering the onset of α-relaxation. This work provides a pathway to understand the different structural relaxation behaviors in MGs and other disordered materials from their local atomic packing and dynamics points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - T D Xu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q Yu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - D X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Nguyen HK, Liang X, Ito M, Nakajima K. Direct Mapping of Nanoscale Viscoelastic Dynamics at Nanofiller/Polymer Interfaces. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung K. Nguyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Liang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Makiko Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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31
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Aji DPB, Johari GP. Decrease in electrical resistivity on depletion of islands of mobility during aging of a bulk metal glass. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144506. [PMID: 29655350 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of structural relaxation on electrical resistivity, ρglass, of strain-free Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 bulk metallic glass was studied during isothermal aging at several temperatures, Tas. Since cooling of a liquid metal increases its resistivity ρliq, one expects ρglass to increase on aging toward ρliq at T = Ta. Instead, ρglass decreased non-exponentially with the aging time. The activation energy of aging kinetics is 189 kJ mol-1, which is higher than the activation energy of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation. After considering the sample's contraction, phase separation, and crystallization as possible causes of the decrease in ρglass, we attribute the decrease to depletion of islands of atomic mobility, soft spots, or static heterogeneity. Vibrations of the atoms in these local (loosely packed) regions and in the region's interfacial area contribute to electron scattering. As these deplete on aging, the contribution decreases and ρglass decreases, with a concomitant decrease in macroscopic volume, enthalpy, and entropy (V, H, and S). Local regions of faster mobility also decrease on cooling as V, H, and S of a liquid decrease, but structure fluctuations dominate electron scattering of a liquid metal and ρliq increases effectively according to the Ziman-Nagel theory for a homogenously disordered structure. Whether depletion of such local regions initiates the structural relaxation of a glass, or vice versa, may be resolved by finding a glass that physically ages but shows no JG relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisman P B Aji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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32
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Abstract
Vitrification from physical vapor deposition is known to be an efficient way for tuning the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of glasses and significantly improve their properties. There is a general consensus that preparing stable glasses requires the use of high substrate temperatures close to the glass transition one, Tg. Here, we challenge this empirical rule by showing the formation of Zr-based ultrastable metallic glasses (MGs) at room temperature, i.e., with a substrate temperature of only 0.43Tg. By carefully controlling the deposition rate, we can improve the stability of the obtained glasses to higher values. In contrast to conventional quenched glasses, the ultrastable MGs exhibit a large increase of Tg of ∼60 K, stronger resistance against crystallization, and more homogeneous structure with less order at longer distances. Our study circumvents the limitation of substrate temperature for developing ultrastable glasses, and provides deeper insight into glasses stability and their surface dynamics. Producing ultrastable metallic glasses has always been associated with substrates heated close to the glass transition temperature. Here, the authors show that reducing the deposition rate of the metallic glass on a cold substrate produces ultrastable metallic glasses with remarkably improved stability.
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33
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Zhou C, Stepniewska M, Longley L, Ashling CW, Chater PA, Keen DA, Bennett TD, Yue Y. Thermodynamic features and enthalpy relaxation in a metal–organic framework glass. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18291-18296. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we explore the thermodynamic evolution in a melt-quenched metal–organic framework glass, formed from ZIF-62 upon heating to the melting point (Tm), and subsequent enthalpy relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience
- Aalborg University
- Aalborg DK-9220
- Denmark
| | - Malwina Stepniewska
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience
- Aalborg University
- Aalborg DK-9220
- Denmark
| | - Louis Longley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0FS
- UK
| | - Christopher W. Ashling
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0FS
- UK
| | - Philip A. Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd
- Diamond House
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot OX11 0DE
- UK
| | - David A. Keen
- ISIS Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Thomas D. Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB3 0FS
- UK
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience
- Aalborg University
- Aalborg DK-9220
- Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures
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34
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Zhao B, Yang B, Abyzov AS, Schmelzer JWP, Rodríguez-Viejo J, Zhai Q, Schick C, Gao Y. Beating Homogeneous Nucleation and Tuning Atomic Ordering in Glass-Forming Metals by Nanocalorimetry. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:7751-7760. [PMID: 29111758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the amorphous Ce68Al10Cu20Co2 (atom %) alloy was in situ prepared by nanocalorimetry. The high cooling and heating rates accessible with this technique facilitate the suppression of crystallization on cooling and the identification of homogeneous nucleation. Different from the generally accepted notion that metallic glasses form just by avoiding crystallization, the role of nucleation and growth in the crystallization behavior of amorphous alloys is specified, allowing an access to the ideal metallic glass free of nuclei. Local atomic configurations are fundamentally significant to unravel the glass forming ability (GFA) and phase transitions in metallic glasses. For this reason, isothermal annealing near Tg from 0.001 s to 25,000 s following quenching becomes the strategy to tune local atomic configurations and facilitate an amorphous alloy, a mixed glassy-nanocrystalline state, and a crystalline sample successively. On the basis of the evolution of crystallization enthalpy and overall latent heat on reheating, we quantify the underlying mechanism for the isothermal nucleation and crystallization of amorphous alloys. With Johnson-Mehl-Avrami method, it is demonstrated that the coexistence of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation contributes to the isothermal crystallization of glass. Heterogeneous rather than homogeneous nucleation dominates the isothermal crystallization of the undercooled liquid. For the mixed glassy-nanocrystalline structure, an extraordinary kinetic stability of the residual glass is validated, which is ascribed to the denser packed interface between amorphous phase and ordered nanocrystals. Tailoring the amorphous structure by nanocalorimetry permits new insights into unraveling GFA and the mechanism that correlates local atomic configurations and phase transitions in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Street 23-24, Rostock 18051, Germany
| | - Alexander S Abyzov
- National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology , Academician Street 1, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - Jürn W P Schmelzer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Street 23-24, Rostock 18051, Germany
| | | | - Qijie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Street 23-24, Rostock 18051, Germany
| | - Yulai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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35
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Plastic Deformation of Pressured Metallic Glass. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121361. [PMID: 29186885 PMCID: PMC5744296 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although pressured metallic glass (MG) has been reported in the literature; there are few studies focusing on pressure effects on the structure; dynamics and its plastic deformation. In this paper; we report on and characterize; via molecular dynamics simulation, the structure and dynamics heterogeneity of pressured MGs, and explore a causal link between local structures and plastic deformation mechanism of pressured glass. The results exhibit that the dynamical heterogeneity of metallic liquid is more pronounced at high pressure, while the MGs were less fragile after the release of external pressure, reflected by the non-Gaussian parameter (NGP). High pressure glass shows better plastic deformation; and the local strain zone distributed more uniformly than of in normal glass. Further research indicates that although the number of icosahedrons in pressured glass was much larger than that in normal glass, while the interpenetrating connections of icosahedra (ICOI) exhibited spatial correlations were rather poor; In addition, the number of ‘fast’ atoms indexed by the atoms’ moving distance is larger than that in normal glass; leading to the sharp decreasing in number of icosahedrons during deformation. An uniform distribution of ‘fast’ atoms also contributed to better plastic deformation ability in the pressured glass. These findings may suggest a link between the deformation and destruction of icosahedra with short-range order.
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36
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Zhu F, Hirata A, Liu P, Song S, Tian Y, Han J, Fujita T, Chen M. Correlation between Local Structure Order and Spatial Heterogeneity in a Metallic Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:215501. [PMID: 29219421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoscale spatial heterogeneity of metallic glasses has been demonstrated by extensive experimental and theoretical investigations, the nature of spatial heterogeneity remains poorly known owing to the absence of a structural depiction of the inhomogeneity from experimental insight. Here we report the experimental characterization of the spatial heterogeneity of a metallic glass by utilizing state-of-the-art angstrom-beam electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The subnanoscale electron diffraction reveals that the nanoscale spatial heterogeneity and corresponding density fluctuation have a close correlation with the local structure variation from icosahedronlike to tetragonal crystal-like order. The structural insights of spatial heterogeneity have important implications in understanding the properties and dynamics of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Mathematics for Advanced Materials-OIL, AIST-Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuangxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Jiuhui Han
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mingwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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37
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Qiao JC, Liu XD, Wang Q, Liu CT, Lu J, Yang Y. Fast secondary relaxation and plasticity initiation in metallic glasses. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chao Qiao
- School of Mechanics and Civil & Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnic University, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Di Liu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Structures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, China
| | - Chain Tsuan Liu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, China
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38
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Zhang M, Wang YM, Li FX, Jiang SQ, Li MZ, Liu L. Mechanical Relaxation-to-Rejuvenation Transition in a Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glass. Sci Rep 2017; 7:625. [PMID: 28377604 PMCID: PMC5429611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of amorphous materials, i.e., aging, would largely endanger their performances in service. Here we report a mechanical relaxation-to-rejuvenation transition of a Zr35Ti30Be27.5Cu7.5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) in elastostatic compression at ambient temperature, thus provide an accessible way to tailor the mechanical properties of amorphous materials. To unravel the structural evolution underlying the observed transition, atomistic simulations parallel with the experimental tests on a typical model glass system Zr60Cu40 were performed, which successfully reproduced and thus upheld the experimentally observed mechanical relaxation-to-rejuvenation transition. The variations of coordination number and atomic volume during the transition are evaluated to indicate a de-mixing tendency of the constituent atoms in the rejuvenation stage. This de-mixing tendency largely explains the difference between mechanical rejuvenation and thermal rejuvenation and reveals a competitive relationship between activation enthalpy and activation entropy in the stress-driven temperature-assisted atomic dynamics of BMG, such as diffusion and plastic deformation etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Y M Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - F X Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - M Z Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - L Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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39
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Abstract
Glass is an ultraviscous liquid that ceases to flow on a laboratory timescale but continues to relax on a geological timescale. Quintessentially, it has become hopeless for humans to explore the equilibrium behavior of glass, although the technology of glass making witness a remarkable advance. In this work, we propose a novel thermodynamic path to prepare a high density amorphous state of matter (carvedilol dihydrogen phosphate) using high pressure. In addition, we provide the impeccable experimental evidence of heterogeneous nature of secondary β-relaxation and probe its properties to understand the various aspects of pressure densified glass, such as dynamics, packing and disorder. These features are expected to provide new horizons to glass preparation and functional response to pharmaceutical applications.
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40
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Wang B, Shang BS, Gao XQ, Wang WH, Bai HY, Pan MX, Guan PF. Understanding Atomic-Scale Features of Low Temperature-Relaxation Dynamics in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4945-4950. [PMID: 27934059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Being a key feature of a glassy state, low temperature relaxation has important implications on the mechanical behavior of glasses; however, the mechanism of low temperature relaxation is still an open issue, which has been debated for decades. By systematically investigating the influences of cooling rate and pressure on low temperature relaxation in the Zr50Cu50 metallic glasses, it is found that even though pressure does induce pronounced local structural change, the low temperature-relaxation behavior of the metallic glass is affected mainly by cooling rate, not by pressure. According to the atomic displacement and connection mode analysis, we further demonstrate that the low temperature relaxation is dominated by the dispersion degree of fast dynamic atoms rather than the most probable atomic nonaffine displacement. Our finding provides the direct atomic-level evidence that the intrinsic heterogeneity is the key factor that determines the low temperature-relaxation behavior of the metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - B S Shang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094, China
| | - X Q Gao
- Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research , Xian 710016, China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - M X Pan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - P F Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094, China
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41
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The Effect of Thermal Cycling Treatments on the Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of a Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Composite. METALS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/met6110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Lu YM, Sun BA, Zhao LZ, Wang WH, Pan MX, Liu CT, Yang Y. Shear-banding Induced Indentation Size Effect in Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28523. [PMID: 27324835 PMCID: PMC4914989 DOI: 10.1038/srep28523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear-banding is commonly regarded as the “plasticity carrier” of metallic glasses (MGs), which usually causes severe strain localization and catastrophic failure if unhindered. However, through the use of the high-throughput dynamic nanoindentation technique, here we reveal that nano-scale shear-banding in different MGs evolves from a “distributed” fashion to a “localized” mode when the resultant plastic flow extends over a critical length scale. Consequently, a pronounced indentation size effect arises from the distributed shear-banding but vanishes when shear-banding becomes localized. Based on the critical length scales obtained for a variety of MGs, we unveil an intrinsic interplay between elasticity and fragility that governs the nanoscale plasticity transition in MGs. Our current findings provide a quantitative insight into the indentation size effect and transition mechanisms of nano-scale plasticity in MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - B A Sun
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - M X Pan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - C T Liu
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Y Yang
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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