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Pan X, Lan L, Li L, Naumov P, Zhang H. Flexible Organic Chiral Crystals with Thermal and Excitation Modulation of the Emission for Information Transmission, Writing, and Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320173. [PMID: 38340073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic single crystals quickly emerge as dense yet light and nearly defect-free media for emissive elements. Integration of functionalities and control over the emissive properties is currently being explored for a wide range of these materials to benchmark their performance against organic emissive materials diluted in powders or films. Here, we report mechanically flexible emissive chiral organic crystals capable of an unprecedented combination of fast, reversible, and low-fatigue responses. UV-excited single crystals of both enantiomers of the material, 4-chloro-2-(((1-phenylidene)imino)methyl)phenol, exhibit a drastic yet reversible change in the emission color from green to orange-yellow within a second and can be cycled at least 2000 times. The photoresponse was found to depend strongly on the excitation intensity and temperature. Combining chirality, mechanical compliance, rapid emission switching, multiple responses, and writability by UV light, this material provides a unique and versatile platform for developing organic crystal-based materials for on-demand signal transfer, information storage, and cryptography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 10003, New York, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
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2
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Wang CH, Lin YC, Bhunia S, Feng Y, Kundu P, Stern CL, Chen PL, Stoddart JF, Horie M. Photosalience and Thermal Phase Transitions of Azobenzene- and Crown Ether-Based Complexes in Polymorphic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21378-21386. [PMID: 37733877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive molecular crystals have attracted considerable attention as promising smart materials with applications in various fields such as sensing, actuation, and optoelectronics. Understanding the structure-mechanical property relationships, however, remains largely unexplored when it comes to functionalizing these organic crystals. Here, we report three polymorphic crystals (Forms A, B, and C) formed by the non-threaded complexation of a dibenzo[18]crown-6 (DB18C6) ether ring and an azobenzene-based ammonium cation, each exhibiting distinct thermal phase transitions, photoinduced deformations, and mechanical behavior. Structural changes on going from Form A to Form B and from Form C to Form B during heating and cooling, respectively, are observed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Form A shows photoinduced reversible bending, whereas Form B exhibits isotropic expansion. Form C displays uniaxial negative expansion with a remarkable increase of 44% in thickness under photoirradiation. Force measurements and nanoindentation reveal that the soft crystals of Form A with a low elastic modulus demonstrate a significant photoresponse, attributed to the non-threaded molecular structure, which permits flexibility of the azobenzene unit. This work represents a significant advance in the understanding of the correlation between structure-thermomechanical and structure-photomechanical properties necessary for the development of multi-stimulus-responsive materials with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pramita Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Pei-Lin Chen
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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3
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Wang CH, Chang HK, Chen KJ, Huang DH, Chang CJ, Huang KH, Chiu YD, Horie M. Facile Photoresponsive Actuators Based on Ferrocene-Doped Poly(butyl methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38846-38856. [PMID: 37537978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents facile photoresponsive actuators comprising ferrocene as a guest chromophore and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) as a host matrix. The ferrocene-doped PBMA film exhibits mechanical expansion and contraction when a 445 nm laser is turned on and off, respectively. The photoresponsive film is attached by a commercially available acetylcellulose adhesive tape, which exhibits a bending motion that is controlled by turning the laser on and off. Thereafter, the double-layer film is employed to fabricate a table-shaped lifting machine (0.7 mg) that lifts a 10.5 mg object up and down by turning the laser on and off, respectively, and the mechanical force offered by the double-layer film is recorded. Additionally, the film is coated with gold and applied to an electric circuit that serves as a reversible photoresponsive switch. This film preparation technique is applied to other chromophores (e.g., Coumarin 343, Rhodamine 6G, Sudan Blue II, and Solvent Green 3) to independently control the motions of the films with 445, 520, and 655 nm lasers. The ferrocene-containing films also exhibit photoinduced healing from mechanical damage. Finally, the photoirradiation-accompanied morphological changes in the film are observed via small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Dao-Hong Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ju Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yao-De Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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4
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Saura-Sanmartin A. Light-responsive rotaxane-based materials: inducing motion in the solid state. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:873-880. [PMID: 37346498 PMCID: PMC10280056 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive rotaxane-based solid-state materials are ideal scaffolds in order to develop smart materials due to the properties provided by the mechanical bond, such as control over the dynamics of the components upon application of external stimuli. This perspective aims to highlight the relevance of these materials, by pointing out recent examples of photoresponsive materials prepared from a rotaxanated architecture in which motion of the counterparts and/or macroscopic motion of the interlocked materials are achieved. Although further development is needed, these materials are envisioned as privileged scaffolds which will be used for different advanced applications in the area of molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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5
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Corra S, Curcio M, Credi A. Photoactivated Artificial Molecular Motors. JACS AU 2023; 3:1301-1313. [PMID: 37234111 PMCID: PMC10207102 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control of long-range motion at the molecular scale holds great potential for the development of ground-breaking applications in energy storage and bionanotechnology. The past decade has seen tremendous development in this area, with a focus on the directional operation away from thermal equilibrium, giving rise to tailored man-made molecular motors. As light is a highly tunable, controllable, clean, and renewable source of energy, photochemical processes are appealing to activate molecular motors. Nonetheless, the successful operation of molecular motors fueled by light is a highly challenging task, which requires a judicious coupling of thermal and photoinduced reactions. In this paper, we focus on the key aspects of light-driven artificial molecular motors with the aid of recent examples. A critical assessment of the criteria for the design, operation, and technological potential of such systems is provided, along with a perspective view on future advances in this exciting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, CNR area della ricerca
Bologna, via Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso-Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento, 8, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, CNR area della ricerca
Bologna, via Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso-Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento, 8, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center
for Light Activated Nanostructures, Istituto
per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, CNR area della ricerca
Bologna, via Gobetti,
101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso-Montanari”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento, 8, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Khang TM, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Wu CH, Hue BTB, Wu JI, Li YK, Lin HC. Dual and sequential locked/unlocked photo-switching effects on FRET processes by tightened/loosened nano-loops of diarylethene-based [1]rotaxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:466-469. [PMID: 36519452 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The self-trapping nano-loop structures of [1]rotaxanes exhibited multiple Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) patterns via dual and sequential locking/unlocking of pH-gated and UV exposure processes. As a tightened and constrained nano-loop in the acidic condition, dithienylethene (DTE) unit was locked in the highly bending open form to forbid ring closure upon UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Manh Khang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. .,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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7
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Ferrocene-Containing Pseudorotaxanes in Crystals: Aromatic Interactions with Hammett Correlation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051745. [PMID: 35268846 PMCID: PMC8911870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single crystals of pseudorotaxanes, [(FcCH2NH2CH2Ar)(DB24C8)][PF6] (DB24C8 = dibenzo[24]crown-8, Fc = Fe(C5H4)(C5H5), Ar = -C6H3-3,4-Cl2, -C6H3-3,4-F2, -C6H4-4-F, -C6H4-4-Cl, -C6H4-4-Br, -C6H3-3-F-4-Me, -C6H4-4-I) and [(FcCH2NH2CH2C6H4-4-Me)(DB24C8)][Ni(dmit)2] (dmit = 1,3-dithiole-2,4,5-dithiolate), were obtained from solutions containing DB24C8 and ferrocenylmethyl(arylmethyl)ammonium. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the pseudorotaxanes revealed that the aryl ring of the axle moiety and the catechol ring of the macrocyclic component were at close centroid distances and parallel or tilted orientation. The structures with parallel aromatic rings showed correlation of the distances between the centroids to Hammett substituent constants of the aryl groups.
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8
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Ye Y, Hao H, Xie C. Photomechanical crystalline materials: new developments, property tuning and applications. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This highlight gives an overview of the mechanism development, property tuning and application exploration of photomechanical crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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9
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Duan Y, Semin S, Tinnemans P, Xu J, Rasing T. Fully Controllable Structural Phase Transition in Thermomechanical Molecular Crystals with a Very Small Thermal Hysteresis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006757. [PMID: 33709615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The construction of a practical crystalline molecular machine faces two challenges: to realize a collective molecular movement, and to amplify this movement into a precisely controlled mechanical response in real time and space. Thermosalient single crystals display cooperative molecular movements that are converted to strong macroscopic mechanical responses or shape deformations during temperature-induced structural phase transitions. However, these collective molecular movements are hard to control once initiated, and often feature thermal hystereses that are larger than 10 °C, which greatly hamper their practical applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the phase boundaries of the thermomechanical molecular crystal based on a fluorenone derivative 4-DBpFO can be used to finely control its structural phase transition. When this phase transition is triggered at two opposite crystal faces, it is accompanied by two parallel phase boundaries that can be temperature controlled to move forward, backward, or to halt, benefitting from the stored elastic energy between the parallel boundaries. Moreover, the thermal hysteresis is greatly decreased to 2-3 °C, which allows for circular heating/cooling cycles that can produce a continuous work output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Duan
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey Semin
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Theo Rasing
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
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10
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Wang CH, Chen KJ, Wu TH, Chang HK, Tsuchido Y, Sei Y, Chen PL, Horie M. Ring rotation of ferrocene in interlocked molecules in single crystals. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3871-3875. [PMID: 34163655 PMCID: PMC8179491 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes unique molecular motions of ferrocene-containing interlocked molecules observed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The rotational flexibility of ferrocene is achieved using combinations of ferrocene-tethered ammonium and 30-membered ring dibenzo-crown ether. By contrast, ferrocene was locked in the complex with an 18-membered ring dibenzo-crown ether and CH2Cl2. When the complex was heated at 358 K, CH2Cl2 was removed from the complex, which led to drastic structural changes, including a semieclipsed-to-disordered transition of ferrocene and flipping of the dibenzo-crown ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Huan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Pei-Lin Chen
- Instrumentation Center, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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11
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Suzaki Y, Fukuchi Y, Tadami H, Koizumi TA, Osakada K, Ide T, Horie M, Hoshino N, Akutagawa T. Further investigations of the crystal-to-crystal phase transition of a [2]pseudorotaxane composed of ferrocene-terminated dialkylammonium and dibenzo[24]crown-8-ether. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A pseudorotaxane with different or mixed counter anions undergoes thermal phase transition, which is related to the interaction between the counter anion and macrocyclic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tadami
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Take-aki Koizumi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Shizuoka Institute of Science and Technology, 2200-2 Toyosawa, Fukuroi, Shizuoka 437-8555, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 193-0097, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
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12
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Cheng SC, Wang CH, Lin YC, Tsuchido Y, Suzaki Y, Sei Y, Kuo TS, Horie M. Photoinduced Mechanical Motions of Pseudorotaxane Crystals Composed of Azobenzene and Ferrocenyl Groups on an Axle and a Crown Ether Ring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50002-50010. [PMID: 33089689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design and characterization of photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of azobenzene and ferrocenyl groups in an ammonium cation axle component threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. Pseudorotaxanes provide flexibility for cis and trans isomerization of azobenzene groups in a crystal state, enabling reversible bending motions under alternating 360 and 445 nm laser irradiation. For such bending motions, strained azobenzene structures were essential; these motifs were obtained by increasing the bulkiness of the substituents on the axle and ring molecules. In addition, the crystals showed photosalient effects, such as jumping motions, under 445 nm laser irradiation. These motions were assisted by the photoabsorption of the ferrocenyl group, which converted 445 nm laser light into heat. The maximum lifting weight accompanied by the photoinduced mechanical motion of a particular crystal was estimated to be 9600 times the crystal weight. These pseudorotaxane crystals exhibit promising features for applications in micro-nanometer-sized miniature mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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13
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De J, Liao Q, Xiao X, Liu H, Chen W, Chen L, Geng H, Liao Y, Fu H. Remotely Photocontrolled Microrobots based on Photomechanical Molecular Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27493-27498. [PMID: 32431143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Creating nano-to-macroscopic-sized artificial actuators in response to light has been a challenging issue. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and operation of a photomechanical molecular crystal (PMMC) that exhibits well-controlled multiple photo-driven motions, including translation, rotation, and jumping, by adjusting the irradiation sites. Theoretical calculation discloses that conversion of light energy into macroscopic motion occurs through a molecular conformation change between the excited and ground states mediated by ultrafast conical internal conversion, making the photomechanical/recovery responses a rapid cycle. Therefore, our PMMCs can complete the directional and continuous motions using only one laser beam. We also demonstrated the actuated rotation of a cross-shaped sample by rotating the polarization of the laser beam at a rate of >2 Hz, like a dancer under a spotlight. This finding could lead to remote-controlled micrometer-sized vehicles and valves on solid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Liu
- School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiben Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Xue J, Sun X, Zhao Y, Wu S, Yao Z, Tao J. Giant Single‐Crystal Shape Transformation with Wide Thermal Hysteresis Actuated by Synergistic Motions of Molecular Cations and Anions. Chemistry 2020; 26:6778-6783. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Jin‐Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Yan‐Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Shu‐Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and EngineeringKyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Zi‐Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P.R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P.R. China
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15
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Yao ZS, Tang Z, Tao J. Bistable molecular materials with dynamic structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2071-2086. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09238b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we introduce how to manipulate the motion of electrons or molecules by external stimuli, to achieve switchable properties in molecule-based single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liangxiang Campus
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| | - Zheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liangxiang Campus
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liangxiang Campus
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 102488
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16
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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17
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Giant anisotropic thermal expansion actuated by thermodynamically assisted reorientation of imidazoliums in a single crystal. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4805. [PMID: 31641182 PMCID: PMC6805950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials demonstrating unusual large positive and negative thermal expansion are fascinating for their potential applications as high-precision microscale actuators and thermal expansion compensators for normal solids. However, manipulating molecular motion to execute huge thermal expansion of materials remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a single-crystal Cu(II) complex exhibiting giant thermal expansion actuated by collective reorientation of imidazoliums. The circular molecular cations, which are rotationally disordered at a high temperature and statically ordered at a low temperature, demonstrate significant reorientation in the molecular planes. Such atypical molecular motion, revealed by variable-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR analyses, drives an exceptionally large positive thermal expansion and a negative thermal expansion in a perpendicular direction of the crystal. The consequent large shape change (~10%) of bulk material, with remarkable durability, suggests that this complex is a strong candidate as a microscale thermal actuating material. Designing materials with large thermal expansion is highly desirable to fabricate microscale devices. The authors report unusually large anisotropic negative and positive thermal expansion in a simple crystalline material, through temperature-driven orientation of imidazole cations acting as molecular wheels.
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18
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Morimoto K, Tsujioka H, Kitagawa D, Kobatake S. Photoreversible Interference Color Modulation to Multicolor in Photochromic Molecular Crystals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Morimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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19
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Hirano A, Kitagawa D, Kobatake S. Photomechanical bending behavior of photochromic diarylethene crystals induced under polarized light. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced bending velocity of photochromic diarylethene crystals depends on the polarization angle of UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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20
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Tunable Mechanical Response from a Crystal Undergoing Topochemical Dimerization: Instant Explosion at a Faster Rate and Chemical Storage of a Harvestable Explosion at a Slower Rate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Ravi A, Sureshan KM. Tunable Mechanical Response from a Crystal Undergoing Topochemical Dimerization: Instant Explosion at a Faster Rate and Chemical Storage of a Harvestable Explosion at a Slower Rate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9362-9366. [PMID: 29870594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Strain developed in crystals in response to stimuli causes mechanical response. Methods to tune such mechanical response is important for practical applications. Crystals of a monomer having azide and alkyne units pre-organized in a ready-to-react orientation, undergo thermal topochemical dimerization and show rate-dependent mechanical response. When the reaction rate is fast, the crystals explode violently. When the reaction rate is slow, the crystals absorb water from the surroundings contemporaneously with the reaction to form the dimer-hydrate in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) manner. Crystals of the dimer-hydrate upon dehydration also undergo explosion. Thus, at slow reaction rate, the strain gets stored in crystals by hydration and the explosion can be harvested, at will, by dehydration. Use of this rate-dependent explosion in the automatic activation of a remedial electrical circuit in case of a sudden rise in temperature has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Ravi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura-, 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura-, 695551, India
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22
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Cheng SC, Chen KJ, Suzaki Y, Tsuchido Y, Kuo TS, Osakada K, Horie M. Reversible Laser-Induced Bending of Pseudorotaxane Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:90-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chi Cheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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23
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Dynamic Pseudorotaxane Crystals Containing Metallocene Complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14195. [PMID: 29079834 PMCID: PMC5660174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular machines and switches composed of flexible pseudorotaxanes respond to external stimuli, transducing incident energy into mechanical motions. This study presents thermo- and photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of axle molecules containing ferrocene or ruthenocene groups threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. The ruthenocene-containing pseudorotaxane exhibits a crystal-to-crystal thermal phase transition at 86 °C, which is much lower than that of the ferrocene-containing pseudorotaxane (128 °C). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography at various temperatures reveals the details of the structural changes, and shows that the bulky ruthenocene provides distortion in the pseudorotaxane structure to facilitate twisting of the axle molecule. A mixed ferrocene and ruthenocene pseudorotaxane crystal is applied to photomechanical conversion under 405 nm laser irradiation at 85 °C and provides a lifting force 6,400-times the weight of the crystal itself upon phase transition.
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