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Wang Y, Wang X, Ding J, Liang B, Zuo L, Zheng S, Huang L, Xu W, Fan C, Duan Z, Jia C, Zheng R, Liu Z, Zhang W, Li J, Ma E, Shan Z. Inward motion of diamond nanoparticles inside an iron crystal. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4659. [PMID: 38821939 PMCID: PMC11143255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the absence of externally applied mechanical loading, it would seem counterintuitive that a solid particle sitting on the surface of another solid could not only sink into the latter, but also continue its rigid-body motion towards the interior, reaching a depth as distant as thousands of times the particle diameter. Here, we demonstrate such a case using in situ microscopic as well as bulk experiments, in which diamond nanoparticles ~100 nm in size move into iron up to millimeter depth, at a temperature about half of the melting point of iron. Each diamond nanoparticle is nudged as a whole, in a displacive motion towards the iron interior, due to a local stress induced by the accumulation of iron atoms diffusing around the particle via a short and easy interfacial channel. Our discovery underscores an unusual mass transport mode in solids, in addition to the familiar diffusion of individual atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecun Wang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Beiming Liang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lingling Zuo
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shaochuan Zheng
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Longchao Huang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Chuanwei Fan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhanqiang Duan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, 1100159, China
| | - Chunde Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, 1100159, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - En Ma
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design (CAID), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhiwei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) & Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Effect of the pressureless post-sintering on the hot isostatic pressed Al 2O 3 prepared from the oxidized AlN powder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8250. [PMID: 35581373 PMCID: PMC9114336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the pressureless post-sintering in hydrogen on the structural and mechanical properties of the hot isostatic pressed Al2O3 prepared by oxidized AlN powder has been studied. The micrometer size AlN powder has been oxidized in air at 900° C and sintered by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1700 °C, 20 MPa nitrogen atmosphere for 5 h. Pressureless sintering (PS) has been applied for all HIP sintered samples in H2 gas at 1800° C for 10 h. It has been shown that the oxidation caused a core–shell AlN/Al2O3 structure and the amount of Al2O3 increased with increasing of the oxidation time of the AlN powder. For the first time, the green samples obtained from oxidized AlN powder have been successfully sintered first by HIP followed by post-sintering by PS under hydrogen without adding any sintering additives. All post-sintered samples exhibited the main α-Al2O3 phase. Sintering in H2 caused the full transformation of AlN to α-Al2O3 phase and their better densification. Therefore, the hardness values of post-sintered samples have been increased to 17–18 GPa having apparent densities between 3.11 and 3.39 g/cm3.
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Li M, Xie DG, Zhang XX, Yang JC, Shan ZW. Quantifying Real-Time Sample Temperature Under the Gas Environment in the Transmission Electron Microscope Using a Novel MEMS Heater. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:758-766. [PMID: 34018478 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control and measurement of real-time sample temperature are critical for the understanding and interpretation of the experimental results from in situ heating experiments inside environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM). However, quantifying the real-time sample temperature remains a challenging task for commercial in situ TEM heating devices, especially under gas conditions. In this work, we developed a home-made micro-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) heater with unprecedented small temperature gradient and thermal drift, which not only enables the temperature evolution caused by gas injection to be measured in real-time but also makes the key heat dissipation path easier to model to theoretically understand and predict the temperature decrease. A new parameter termed as “gas cooling ability (H)”, determined purely by the physical properties of the gas, can be used to compare and predict the gas-induced temperature decrease by different gases. Our findings can act as a reference for predicting the real temperature for in situ heating experiments without closed-loop temperature sensing capabilities in the gas environment, as well as all gas-related heating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15260, USA
| | - De-Gang Xie
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Judith C Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15260, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Shan
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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4
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He Z, Chang LG, Lin Y, Shi FL, Li ZD, Wang JL, Li Y, Wang R, Chen QX, Lu YY, Zhang QH, Gu L, Ni Y, Liu JW, Wu JB, Yu SH. Real-Time Visualization of Solid-Phase Ion Migration Kinetics on Nanowire Monolayer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7968-7975. [PMID: 32266814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ion migration has been recognized as a critical step in determining the performance of numerous devices in chemistry, biology, and material science. However, direct visualization and quantitative investigation of solid-phase ion migration among anisotropic nanostructures have been a challenging task. Here, we report an in-situ ChemTEM method to quantitatively investigate the solid-phase ion migration process among coassembled nanowires (NWs). This complicated process was tracked within a NW and between NWs with an obvious nanogap, which was revealed by both phase field simulation and ab initio modeling theoretical evaluation. A migration "bridge" between neighboring NWs was observed. Furthermore, these new observations could be applied to migration of other metal ions on semiconductor NWs. These findings provide critical insights into the solid-phase ion migration kinetics occurring in nanoscale systems with generality and offer an efficient tool to explore other ion migration processes, which will facilitate fabrication of customized and new heteronanostructures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li Ge Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing-Xia Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Yang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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5
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Yin S, Cheng G, Chang TH, Richter G, Zhu Y, Gao H. Hydrogen embrittlement in metallic nanowires. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2004. [PMID: 31043601 PMCID: PMC6494841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydrogen embrittlement has been observed and extensively studied in a wide variety of metals and alloys, there still exist controversies over the underlying mechanisms and a fundamental understanding of hydrogen embrittlement in nanostructures is almost non-existent. Here we use metallic nanowires (NWs) as a platform to study hydrogen embrittlement in nanostructures where deformation and failure are dominated by dislocation nucleation. Based on quantitative in-situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing and molecular dynamics simulations, we report enhanced yield strength and a transition in failure mechanism from distributed plasticity to localized necking in penta-twinned Ag NWs due to the presence of surface-adsorbed hydrogen. In-situ stress relaxation experiments and simulations reveal that the observed embrittlement in metallic nanowires is governed by the hydrogen-induced suppression of dislocation nucleation at the free surface of NWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Guangming Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Gunther Richter
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70589, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA.
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
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6
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Flitcroft JM, Symington AR, Molinari M, Brincat NA, Williams NR, Parker SC. Impact of Hydrogen on the Intermediate Oxygen Clusters and Diffusion in Fluorite Structured UO 2+ x. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3774-3779. [PMID: 30835457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uranium dioxide is the most prevalent nuclear fuel. Defect clusters are known to be present in significant concentrations in hyperstoichoimetric uranium oxide, UO2+ x, and have a significant impact on the corrosion of the material. A detailed understanding of the defect clusters that form is required for accurate diffusion models in UO2+ x. Using ab initio calculations, we show that at low excess oxygen concentration, where defects are mostly isolated oxygen interstitials, hydrogen stabilizes the initial clustering. The simplest cluster at this low excess oxygen stoichiometry consists of a pair of oxygen ions bound to an oxygen vacancy, namely the split mono-interstital, which resembles larger split interstitials clusters in UO2+ x. Our data shows that, depending on local hydrogen concertation, the presence of hydrogen stabilizes this cluster over isolated oxygen interstitials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Flitcroft
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Adam R Symington
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stephen C Parker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
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7
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Chen J, Mao W, Ge B, Wang J, Ke X, Wang V, Wang Y, Döbeli M, Geng W, Matsuzaki H, Shi J, Jiang Y. Revealing the role of lattice distortions in the hydrogen-induced metal-insulator transition of SmNiO 3. Nat Commun 2019; 10:694. [PMID: 30741947 PMCID: PMC6370778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of hydrogen-induced electronic phase transitions in strongly correlated materials such as rare-earth nickelates has opened up a new paradigm in regulating materials’ properties for both fundamental study and technological applications. However, the microscopic understanding of how protons and electrons behave in the phase transition is lacking, mainly due to the difficulty in the characterization of the hydrogen doping level. Here, we demonstrate the quantification and trajectory of hydrogen in strain-regulated SmNiO3 by using nuclear reaction analysis. Introducing 2.4% of elastic strain in SmNiO3 reduces the incorporated hydrogen concentration from ~1021 cm−3 to ~1020 cm−3. Unexpectedly, despite a lower hydrogen concentration, a more significant modification in resistivity is observed for tensile-strained SmNiO3, substantially different from the previous understanding. We argue that this transition is explained by an intermediate metastable state occurring in the transient diffusion process of hydrogen, despite the absence of hydrogen at the post-transition stage. Proton doping can induce metal-insulator transitions in rare-earth nickelates, demonstrating the complex interplay between dopants and electronic degrees of freedom. Chen et al. use results on strained films to argue that local proton-induced lattice distortions strongly influence the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Mao
- School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Binghui Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyou Ke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Vei Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an University of Technology, 710054, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Max Döbeli
- Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wentong Geng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
- School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China.
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8
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So KP, Kushima A, Park JG, Liu X, Keum DH, Jeong HY, Yao F, Joo SH, Kim HS, Kim H, Li J, Lee YH. Intragranular Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Comprehensively Improves Aluminum Alloys. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800115. [PMID: 30027042 PMCID: PMC6051391 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The room-temperature tensile strength, toughness, and high-temperature creep strength of 2000, 6000, and 7000 series aluminum alloys can be improved significantly by dispersing up to 1 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the alloys without sacrificing tensile ductility, electrical conductivity, or thermal conductivity. CNTs act like forest dislocations, except mobile dislocations cannot annihilate with them. Dislocations cannot climb over 1D CNTs unlike 0D dispersoids/precipitates. Also, unlike 2D grain boundaries, even if some debonding happens along 1D CNT/alloy interface, it will be less damaging because fracture intrinsically favors 2D percolating flaws. Good intragranular dispersion of these 1D strengtheners is critical for comprehensive enhancement of composite properties, which entails change of wetting properties and encapsulation of CNTs inside Al grains via surface diffusion-driven cold welding. In situ transmission electron microscopy demonstrates liquid-like envelopment of CNTs into Al nanoparticles by cold welding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Pyo So
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis CenterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816USA
| | - Jong Gil Park
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Dong Hoon Keum
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yun Jeong
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Fei Yao
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Joo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang790‐784Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanuk Kim
- Division of Electron Microscopic ResearchKorea Basic Science Institute113 GwahangnoYuseong‐GuDaejeon305‐333Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineeringand Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Young Hee Lee
- IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon440‐746Republic of Korea
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Liu H, Guo S, Yang RB, Lee CJJ, Zhang L. Giant Blistering of Nanometer-Thick Al 2O 3/ZnO Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition: Mechanism and Potential Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26201-26209. [PMID: 28738145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Giant circular blisters of up to 300 μm diameter and 10 μm deflection have been produced on nanometer-thick Al2O3-on-ZnO stacks grown by atomic layer deposition at 150 °C followed by annealing at elevated temperatures. Their shape changes upon varied ambient pressures provide evidence that their formation is related to an anneal-induced outgassing combined with their impermeability. The former mainly occurs in the bottom ZnO layer that recrystallizes and releases residual hydroxide ions at elevated temperatures while the latter is dominantly contributed by the pinhole-free Al2O3 layer on top. Vibrations at a resonant frequency of ∼740 kHz are mechanically actuated and optically probed from an individual blister. By modulating the thickness and stacking sequence of Al2O3 and ZnO, we further demonstrate a localized circular film swelling upon electron-beam irradiation and its recovery after reducing the irradiation flux. The elastic blistering and the recoverable swelling of the nanometer-thick films represent a miniaturized event-driven mechanical system for potential functioning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ren Bin Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Coryl J J Lee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE) , A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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