1
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Rane A, Tate S, Sumey JL, Zhong Q, Zong H, Purow B, Caliari SR, Swami NS. Open-Top Patterned Hydrogel-Laden 3D Glioma Cell Cultures for Creation of Dynamic Chemotactic Gradients to Direct Cell Migration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3470-3477. [PMID: 38652035 PMCID: PMC11094679 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The laminar flow profiles in microfluidic systems coupled to rapid diffusion at flow streamlines have been widely utilized to create well-controlled chemical gradients in cell cultures for spatially directing cell migration. However, within hydrogel-based closed microfluidic systems of limited depth (≤0.1 mm), the biomechanical cues for the cell culture are dominated by cell interactions with channel surfaces rather than with the hydrogel microenvironment. Also, leaching of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) constituents in closed systems and the adsorption of small molecules to PDMS alter chemotactic profiles. To address these limitations, we present the patterning and integration of a PDMS-free open fluidic system, wherein the cell-laden hydrogel directly adjoins longitudinal channels that are designed to create chemotactic gradients across the 3D culture width, while maintaining uniformity across its ∼1 mm depth to enhance cell-biomaterial interactions. This hydrogel-based open fluidic system is assessed for its ability to direct migration of U87 glioma cells using a hybrid hydrogel that includes hyaluronic acid (HA) to mimic the brain tumor microenvironment and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to offer the adhesion motifs for promoting cell migration. Chemotactic gradients to induce cell migration across the hydrogel width are assessed using the chemokine CXCL12, and its inhibition by AMD3100 is validated. This open-top hydrogel-based fluidic system to deliver chemoattractant cues over square-centimeter-scale areas and millimeter-scale depths can potentially serve as a robust screening platform to assess emerging glioma models and chemotherapeutic agents to eradicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rane
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Steven Tate
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jenna L. Sumey
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Neurology,
School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Hui Zong
- Microbiology,
Immunology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Neurology,
School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Steven R. Caliari
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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2
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Faust CD, Klettner CA, Toso M, Hageman GS, Eames I, Luthert PJ, Zouache MA. The vascular geometry of the choriocapillaris is associated with spatially heterogeneous molecular exchange with the outer retina. J Physiol 2024; 602:1273-1295. [PMID: 38513000 DOI: 10.1113/jp285050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vision relies on the continuous exchange of material between the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris, a dense microvascular bed located underneath the outer retina. The anatomy and physiology of the choriocapillaris and their association with retinal homeostasis have proven difficult to characterize, mainly because of the unusual geometry of this vascular bed. By analysing tissue dissected from 81 human eyes, we show that the thickness of the choriocapillaris does not vary significantly over large portions of the macula or with age. Assessments of spatial variations in the anatomy of the choriocapillaris in three additional human eyes indicate that the location of arteriolar and venular vessels connected to the plane of the choriocapillaris is non-random, and that venular insertions cluster around arteriolar ones. Mathematical models built upon these anatomical analyses reveal that the choriocapillaris contains regions where the transport of passive elements is dominated by diffusion, and that these diffusion-limited regions represent areas of reduced exchange with the outer retina. The width of diffusion-limited regions is determined by arterial flow rate and the relative arrangement of arteriolar and venular insertions. These analyses demonstrate that the apparent complexity of the choriocapillaris conceals a fine balance between several anatomical and functional parameters to effectively support homeostasis of the outer retina. KEY POINTS: The choriocapillaris is the capillary bed supporting the metabolism of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium, two critical components of the visual system located in the outer part of the retina. The choriocapillaris has evolved a planar multipolar vascular geometry that differs markedly from the branched topology of most vasculatures in the human body. Here, we report that this planar multipolar vascular geometry is associated with spatially heterogenous molecular exchange between choriocapillaris and outer retina. Our data and analyses highlight a necessary balance between choriocapillaris anatomical and functional parameters to effectively support homeostasis of the outer retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D Faust
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Marc Toso
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gregory S Hageman
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ian Eames
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Luthert
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moussa A Zouache
- John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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3
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Zhu Z, Chen T, Huang F, Wang S, Zhu P, Xu RX, Si T. Free-Boundary Microfluidic Platform for Advanced Materials Manufacturing and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304840. [PMID: 37722080 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics, with its remarkable capacity to manipulate fluids and droplets at the microscale, has emerged as a powerful platform in numerous fields. In contrast to conventional closed microchannel microfluidic systems, free-boundary microfluidic manufacturing (FBMM) processes continuous precursor fluids into jets or droplets in a relatively spacious environment. FBMM is highly regarded for its superior flexibility, stability, economy, usability, and versatility in the manufacturing of advanced materials and architectures. In this review, a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in FBMM is provided, encompassing technical principles, advanced material manufacturing, and their applications. FBMM is categorized based on the foundational mechanisms, primarily comprising hydrodynamics, interface effects, acoustics, and electrohydrodynamic. The processes and mechanisms of fluid manipulation are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the manufacturing of advanced materials in various dimensions ranging from zero-dimensional to three-dimensional, as well as their diverse applications in material science, biomedical engineering, and engineering are presented. Finally, current progress is summarized and future challenges are prospected. Overall, this review highlights the significant potential of FBMM as a powerful tool for advanced materials manufacturing and its wide-ranging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Tianao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fangsheng Huang
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pingan Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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4
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Zhang Q, Xie T, Yi X, Xing G, Feng S, Chen S, Li Y, Lin JM. Microfluidic Aqueous Two-Phase Focusing of Chemical Species for In Situ Subcellular Stimulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45640-45650. [PMID: 37733946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of chemical species in a controllable micrometer-level (several to a dozen micrometers) space in an aqueous environment is essential for precisely manipulating chemical events in subcellular regions. However, rapid diffusion and hard-to-control micrometer-level fluids make it a tough challenge. Here, a versatile open microfluidic method based on an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is developed to restrict species inside an open space with micron-level width. Unequal standard chemical potentials of the chemical species in two phases and space-time correspondence in the microfluidic system prevent outward diffusion across the phase interface, retaining the target species inside its preferred phase flow and creating a sharp boundary with a dramatic concentration change. Then, the chemical flow (the preferred phase with target chemical species) is precisely manipulated by a microfluidic probe, which can be compressed to a micron-level width and aimed at an arbitrary position of the sample. As a demonstration of the feasibility and versatility of the strategy, chemical flow is successfully applied to subcellular regions of various kinds of living single cells. Subcellular regions are successfully labeled (cytomembrane and mitochondria) and damaged. Healing-regeneration behaviors of living single cells are triggered by subcellular damage and analyzed. The method is relatively general regarding the species of chemicals and biosamples, which could promote deeper cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianze Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xizhen Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaowa Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shulang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Boulais E, Gervais T. The 2D microfluidics cookbook - modeling convection and diffusion in plane flow devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1967-1980. [PMID: 36884010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of microfluidic systems operate not through networks of microchannels but instead through using 2D flow fields. While the design rules for channel networks are already well-known and exposed in microfluidics textbooks, the knowledge underlying transport in 2D microfluidics remains scattered piecemeal and is not easily accessible to experimentalists and engineers. In this tutorial review, we formulate a unified framework for understanding, analyzing and designing 2D microfluidic technologies. We first show how a large number of seemingly different devices can all be modelled using the same concepts, namely flow and diffusion in a Hele-Shaw cell. We then expose a handful of mathematical tools, accessible to any engineer with undergraduate level mathematics knowledge, namely potential flow, superposition of charges, conformal transforms and basic convection-diffusion. We show how these tools can be combined to obtain a simple "recipe" that models almost any imaginable 2D microfluidic system. We end by pointing to more advanced topics beyond 2D microfluidics, namely interface problems and flow and diffusion in the third dimension. This forms the basis of a complete theory allowing for the design and operation of new microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulais
- Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM) and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Canada
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6
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Pixelated Microfluidics for Drug Screening on Tumour Spheroids and Ex Vivo Microdissected Tumour Explants. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041060. [PMID: 36831403 PMCID: PMC9954565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have the lowest success rate of approval in drug development programs. Thus, preclinical assays that closely predict the clinical responses to drugs are of utmost importance in both clinical oncology and pharmaceutical research. 3D tumour models preserve the tumoral architecture and are cost- and time-efficient. However, the short-term longevity, limited throughput, and limitations of live imaging of these models have so far driven researchers towards less realistic tumour models such as monolayer cell cultures. Here, we present an open-space microfluidic drug screening platform that enables the formation, culture, and multiplexed delivery of several reagents to various 3D tumour models, namely cancer cell line spheroids and ex vivo primary tumour fragments. Our platform utilizes a microfluidic pixelated chemical display that creates isolated adjacent flow sub-units of reagents, which we refer to as fluidic 'pixels', over tumour models in a contact-free fashion. Up to nine different treatment conditions can be tested over 144 samples in a single experiment. We provide a proof-of-concept application by staining fixed and live tumour models with multiple cellular dyes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the response of the tumour models to biological stimuli can be assessed using the platform. Upscaling the microfluidic platform to larger areas can lead to higher throughputs, and thus will have a significant impact on developing treatments for cancer.
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7
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Recent advances in nanowire sensor assembly using laminar flow in open space. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Ota N, Tanaka N, Sato A, Shen Y, Yalikun Y, Tanaka Y. Microenvironmental Analysis and Control for Local Cells under Confluent Conditions via a Capillary-Based Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16299-16307. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Ota
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Asako Sato
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yigang Shen
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
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9
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Sui M, Dong H, Mu G, Xia J, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li T, Sun T, Grattan KTV. Droplet transportation by adjusting the temporal phase shift of surface acoustic waves in the exciter-exciter mode. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3402-3411. [PMID: 35899764 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Droplet actuation using Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology has been widely employed in 'lab-on-a-chip' applications, such as for on-chip Polymerase Chain Reactions. The current strategy uses the exciter-absorber mode (exciting a single InterDigital Transducer, IDT) to form a pure Travelling Surface Acoustic Wave (TSAW) and to actuate the droplet, where the velocity and direction of the droplet can be adjusted by controlling the on-off and amplitude of the excitation signals applied to a pair of IDTs. Herein, in a way that is different from using the exciter-absorber mode, we propose a method of actuating droplets by using the exciter-exciter mode (exciting a pair of IDTs simultaneously), where the velocity and directional adjustment of the droplet can be realized by changing only one excitation parameter for the signals (the temporal phase shift, θ), and the droplet velocity can also be significantly improved. Specifically, we report for the first time the equation of the vibration of the mixed waves (TSAW and Standing Surface Acoustic Wave (SSAW)) formed on the substrate surface using the exciter-exciter mode. This is analyzed theoretically, where it is shown in this work that the amplitude and direction of the TSAW component of the mixed waves can be adjusted by changing θ. Following that, the velocity and directional adjustment of the droplet has been realized by changing θ and the improvement of the droplet velocity has been verified on a one-dimensional SAW device, using this exciter-exciter mode. Moreover a series of experiments on droplet transportation, along different trajectories in an x-y plane, has been carried out using a two-dimensional SAW device and this has demonstrated the effectiveness of the θ changing-based approach. Here this exciter-exciter mode provides an alternative method for the transportation of droplets in 'lab-on-a-chip' applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Huijuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Guanyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jingze Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Kenneth T V Grattan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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10
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Circuit-Based Design of Microfluidic Drop Networks. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071124. [PMID: 35888941 PMCID: PMC9315978 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-drop networks consist of several stable drops—interconnected through microfluidic channels—in which organ models can be cultured long-term. Drop networks feature a versatile configuration and an air–liquid interface (ALI). This ALI provides ample oxygenation, rapid liquid turnover, passive degassing, and liquid-phase stability through capillary pressure. Mathematical modeling, e.g., by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is a powerful tool to design drop-based microfluidic devices and to optimize their operation. Although CFD is the most rigorous technique to model flow, it falls short in terms of computational efficiency. Alternatively, the hydraulic–electric analogy is an efficient “first-pass” method to explore the design and operation parameter space of microfluidic-drop networks. However, there are no direct electric analogs to a drop, due to the nonlinear nature of the capillary pressure of the ALI. Here, we present a circuit-based model of hanging- and standing-drop compartments. We show a phase diagram describing the nonlinearity of the capillary pressure of a hanging drop. This diagram explains how to experimentally ensure drop stability. We present a methodology to find flow rates and pressures within drop networks. Finally, we review several applications, where the method, outlined in this paper, was instrumental in optimizing design and operation.
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11
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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12
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Taylor DP, Mathur P, Renaud P, Kaigala GV. Microscale hydrodynamic confinements: shaping liquids across length scales as a toolbox in life sciences. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1415-1437. [PMID: 35348555 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic phenomena can be leveraged to confine a range of biological and chemical species without needing physical walls. In this review, we list methods for the generation and manipulation of microfluidic hydrodynamic confinements in free-flowing liquids and near surfaces, and elucidate the associated underlying theory and discuss their utility in the emerging area of open space microfluidics applied to life-sciences. Microscale hydrodynamic confinements are already starting to transform approaches in fundamental and applied life-sciences research from precise separation and sorting of individual cells, allowing localized bio-printing to multiplexing for clinical diagnosis. Through the choice of specific flow regimes and geometrical boundary conditions, hydrodynamic confinements can confine species across different length scales from small molecules to large cells, and thus be applied to a wide range of functionalities. We here provide practical examples and implementations for the formation of these confinements in different boundary conditions - within closed channels, in between parallel plates and in an open liquid volume. Further, to enable non-microfluidics researchers to apply hydrodynamic flow confinements in their work, we provide simplified instructions pertaining to their design and modelling, as well as to the formation of hydrodynamic flow confinements in the form of step-by-step tutorials and analytical toolbox software. This review is written with the idea to lower the barrier towards the use of hydrodynamic flow confinements in life sciences research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Taylor
- IBM Research - Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Microsystems Laboratory 4, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prerit Mathur
- IBM Research - Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory 4, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research - Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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13
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Zhang Q, Feng S, Lin L, Mao S, Lin JM. Emerging open microfluidics for cell manipulation. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5333-5348. [PMID: 33972984 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell manipulation is the foundation of biochemical studies, which demands user-friendly, multifunctional and precise tools. Based on flow confinement principles, open microfluidics can control the movement of microscale liquid in open space. Every position of the circuit is accessible to external instruments, making it possible to perform precise treatment and analysis of cells at arbitrary target positions especially at the single-cell/sub-cell level. Benefiting from its unique superiority, various manipulations including patterned cell culture, 3D tissue modelling, localized chemical stimulation, online cellular factor analysis, single cell sampling, partial cell treatment, and subcellular free radical attack can be easily realized. In this tutorial review, we summarize two basic ideas to design open microfluidics: open microfluidic networks and probes. The principles of mainstream open microfluidic methods are explained, and their recent important applications are introduced. Challenges and developing trends of open microfluidics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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14
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Brimmo AT, Menachery A, Sukumar P, Qasaimeh MA. Noncontact Multiphysics Probe for Spatiotemporal Resolved Single-Cell Manipulation and Analyses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100801. [PMID: 34008302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity and spatial arrangement of individual cells within tissues are critical to the identity of the host multicellular organism. While current single-cell techniques are capable of resolving heterogeneity, they mostly rely on extracting target cells from their physiological environment and hence lose the spatiotemporal resolution required for understanding cellular networks. Here, a multifunctional noncontact scanning probe that can precisely perform multiple manipulation procedures on living single-cells, while within their physiological tissue environment, is demonstrated. The noncontact multiphysics probe (NMP) consists of fluidic apertures and "hump" shaped electrodes that simultaneously confine reagents and electric signals with a single-cell resolution. The NMP's unique electropermealization-based approach in transferring macromolecules through the cell membrane is presented. The technology's adjustable spatial ability is demonstrated by transfecting adjacent single-cells with different DNA plasmid vectors. The NMP technology also opens the door for controllable cytoplasm extraction from living single-cells. This powerful application is demonstrated by executing multiple time point biopsies on adherent cells without affecting the integrity of the extracted macromolecules or the viability of cells. Furthermore, the NMP's function as an electro-thermal based microfluidic whole-cell tweezer is reported. This work offers a multifunctional tool with unprecedented probing features for spatiotemporal single-cell analysis within tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T Brimmo
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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15
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Goyette PA, Boulais É, Tremblay M, Gervais T. Pixel-based open-space microfluidics for versatile surface processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019248118. [PMID: 33376203 PMCID: PMC7812784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019248118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of applications in biology, chemistry, and material sciences require fluid manipulation beyond what is possible with current automated pipette handlers, such as gradient generation, interface reactions, reagent streaming, and reconfigurability. In this article, we introduce the pixelated chemical display (PCD), a scalable strategy for highly parallel, reconfigurable liquid handling on open surfaces. Microfluidic "pixels" are created when a fluid stream injected above a surface is confined by neighboring identical fluid streams, forming a repeatable flow unit that can be used to tesselate a surface. PCDs generating up to 144 pixels are fabricated and used to project "chemical moving pictures" made of several reagents over both immersed and dry surfaces, without any physical barrier or wall. This work distinguishes itself from previous work in open-space microfluidics by presenting a device architecture where the number of confinement areas can be scaled to any size. Furthermore, it challenges the open-space tenet that the aspiration rate must be higher than the injection rate for reagents to be confined. Overall, this article sets the foundation for massively parallel surface processing using continuous flow streams and showcases possibilities in both wet and dry surface patterning and roll-to-roll processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Étienne Boulais
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maude Tremblay
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
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16
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Ge N, Xu R, Trinkle CA. Grayscale surface patterning using electrophoretic motion through a heterogeneous hydrogel material. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1160-1169. [PMID: 32386331 PMCID: PMC7365763 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical surface patterning can be an incredibly powerful tool in a variety of applications, as it enables precise spatial control over surface properties. But the equipment required to create functional surface patterns-especially "grayscale" patterns where independent control over species placement and density are needed-is often expensive and inaccessible. In this work, we leveraged equipment and methods readily available to many research labs, namely 3D printing and electroblotting, to generate controlled grayscale surface patterns. Three-dimensional-printed molds were used to cast polyacrylamide hydrogels with regions of variable polymer density; regions of low polymer density within the hydrogels served as reservoirs for proteins that were later driven onto a target surface using electrophoresis. This mechanism was used to deposit grayscale patterns of fluorescently labeled proteins, and the fluorescent intensity of these patterns was measured and compared to a theoretical analysis of the deposition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ren Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christine A Trinkle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Chen P, Li S, Guo Y, Zeng X, Liu BF. A review on microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment and its emerging application to cell analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:94-113. [PMID: 32674786 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal manipulation of extracellular chemical environments with simultaneous monitoring of cellular responses plays an essential role in exploring fundamental biological processes and expands our understanding of underlying mechanisms. Despite the rapid progress and promising successes in manipulation strategies, many challenges remain due to the small size of cells and the rapid diffusion of chemical molecules. Fortunately, emerging microfluidic technology has become a powerful approach for precisely controlling the extracellular chemical microenvironment, which benefits from its integration capacity, automation, and high-throughput capability, as well as its high resolution down to submicron. Here, we summarize recent advances in microfluidics manipulation of the extracellular chemical microenvironment, including the following aspects: i) Spatial manipulation of chemical microenvironments realized by convection flow-, diffusion-, and droplet-based microfluidics, and surface chemical modification; ii) Temporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments enabled by flow switching/shifting, moving/flowing cells across laminar flows, integrated microvalves/pumps, and droplet manipulation; iii) Spatiotemporal manipulation of chemical microenvironments implemented by a coupling strategy and open-space microfluidics; and iv) High-throughput manipulation of chemical microenvironments. Finally, we briefly present typical applications of the above-mentioned technical advances in cell-based analyses including cell migration, cell signaling, cell differentiation, multicellular analysis, and drug screening. We further discuss the future improvement of microfluidics manipulation of extracellular chemical microenvironments to fulfill the needs of biological and biomedical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiran Guo
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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18
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Ostromohov N, Rofman B, Bercovici M, Kaigala G. Electrokinetic Scanning Probe. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904268. [PMID: 31885215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of a new concept are presented for a non-contact scanning probe, in which transport of fluid and molecules is controlled by electric fields. The electrokinetic scanning probe (ESP) enables local chemical and biochemical interactions with surfaces in liquid environments. The physical mechanism and design criteria for such a probe are presented, and its compatibility with a wide range of processing solutions and pH values are demonstrated. The applicability of the probe is shown for surface patterning in conjunction with localized heating and 250-fold analyte stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Ostromohov
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- IBM Research-Zurich, Saeumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Baruch Rofman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Moran Bercovici
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Govind Kaigala
- IBM Research-Zurich, Saeumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
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19
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Brimmo AT, Menachery A, Qasaimeh MA. Microelectrofluidic probe for sequential cell separation and patterning. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4052-4063. [PMID: 31680130 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell separation and patterning are of interest to several biological and medical applications including rare cell isolation and co-culture models. Numerous microfluidic devices have been used for cell separation and patterning, however, the typical closed channel configuration comes with challenges and limitations. Here, we report a dielectrophoresis (DEP) enabled microelectrofluidic probe (MeFP) for sequentially separating and patterning of mammalian cells in an open microfluidic system. The MeFP is a microfluidic probe with injection and aspiration apertures, integrated with an array of micro-hump electrodes on its tip. Aligning the MeFP parallel, and in close proximity, to a conductive substrate forms a vertical pin-plate electrode configuration that allows for an integration of DEP forces within the hydrodynamic flow confinement. Upon confining a heterogeneous cell suspension in the gap between the MeFP and the substrate, target cells are selectively captured on the micro-hump electrodes using positive DEP forces, and then deposited on the substrate in defined patterns. Characterization of the MeFP showed an increase in cell-capture efficiency when the MeFP is of a higher microfluidic multipole configuration. Separation of cancer cells from T lymphocytes was demonstrated with capture purity as high as 89.6%. Deposited patterns of isolated cells match the numerically calculated particle trajectories of the evaluated microfluidic multipoles configurations. By adjusting the flow configuration of the MeFP, we show that the patterned co-culture of two different cell types can be dynamically controlled for homotypic and heterotypic cell interaction studies. This work presents a multifunctional microfluidic tool that bio-fabricates selective multicellular patterns directly on an open substrate without the need for confined conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T Brimmo
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, NY, USA
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20
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Taylor DP, Kaigala GV. Fluidic Bypass Structures for Improving the Robustness of Liquid Scanning Probes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2491-2498. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2890602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Regier MC, Olszewski E, Carter CC, Aitchison JD, Kaushansky A, Davis J, Berthier E, Beebe DJ, Stevens KR. Spatial presentation of biological molecules to cells by localized diffusive transfer. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2114-2126. [PMID: 31111131 PMCID: PMC6755031 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular decisions in human development, homeostasis, regeneration, and disease are coordinated in large part by signals that are spatially localized in tissues. These signals are often soluble, such that biomolecules produced by one cell diffuse to receiving cells. To recapitulate soluble factor patterning in vitro, several microscale strategies have been developed. However, these techniques often introduce new variables into cell culture experiments (e.g., fluid flow) or are limited in their ability to pattern diverse solutes in a user-defined manner. To address these challenges, we developed an adaptable method that facilitates spatial presentation of biomolecules across cells in traditional open cultures in vitro. This technique employs device inserts that are placed in standard culture wells, which support localized diffusive pattern transmission through microscale spaces between device features and adherent cells. Devices can be removed and cultures can be returned to standard media following patterning. We use this method to spatially control cell labeling with pattern features ranging in scale from several hundred microns to millimeters and with sequential application of multiple patterns. To better understand the method we investigate relationships between pattern fidelity, device geometry, and consumption and diffusion kinetics using finite element modeling. We then apply the method to spatially defining reporter cell heterogeneity by patterning a small molecule modulator of genetic recombination with the requisite sustained exposure. Finally, we demonstrate use of this method for patterning larger and more slowly diffusing particles by creating focal sites of gene delivery and infection with adenoviral, lentiviral, and Zika virus particles. Thus, our method leverages devices that interface with standard culture vessels to pattern diverse diffusible factors, geometries, exposure dynamics, and recipient cell types, making it well poised for adoption by researchers across various fields of biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Regier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, USA.
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22
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Lin H, Mao S, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Kawaguchi M, Tanaka Y, Lin JM, Uchiyama K. Selective Fabrication of Nanowires with High Aspect Ratios Using a Diffusion Mixing Reaction System for Applications in Temperature Sensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7346-7352. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hulie Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masato Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yumi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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23
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Goyette PA, Boulais É, Normandeau F, Laberge G, Juncker D, Gervais T. Microfluidic multipoles theory and applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1781. [PMID: 30992450 PMCID: PMC6467910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic multipoles (MFMs) have been realized experimentally and hold promise for "open-space" biological and chemical surface processing. Whereas convective flow can readily be predicted using hydraulic-electrical analogies, the design of advanced microfluidic multipole is constrained by the lack of simple, accurate models to predict mass transport within them. In this work, we introduce the complete solutions to mass transport in multipolar microfluidics based on the iterative conformal mapping of 2D advection-diffusion around a simple edge into dipoles and multipolar geometries, revealing a rich landscape of transport modes. The models are validated experimentally with a library of 3D printed devices and found in excellent agreement. Following a theory-guided design approach, we further ideate and fabricate two classes of spatiotemporally reconfigurable multipolar devices that are used for processing surfaces with time-varying reagent streams, and to realize a multistep automated immunoassay. Overall, the results set the foundations for exploring, developing, and applying open-space microfluidic multipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Étienne Boulais
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Normandeau
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Gabriel Laberge
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0C1, Canada.
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24
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Zhang Q, Mao S, Khan M, Feng S, Zhang W, Li W, Lin JM. In Situ Partial Treatment of Single Cells by Laminar Flow in the “Open Space”. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1644-1650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Mao S, Zhang Q, Liu W, Huang Q, Khan M, Zhang W, Lin C, Uchiyama K, Lin JM. Chemical operations on a living single cell by open microfluidics for wound repair studies and organelle transport analysis. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2081-2087. [PMID: 30881632 PMCID: PMC6381548 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05104f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a laminar flow based approach that is capable of precisely cutting off or treating a portion of a single cell from its remaining portion in its original adherent state.
Single cells are increasingly recognized to be capable of wound repair that is important for our mechanistic understanding of cell biology. The lack of flexible, facile, and friendly subcellular treatment methods has hindered single-cell wound repair studies and organelle transport analyses. Here we report a laminar flow based approach, we call it fluid cell knife (Fluid CK), that is capable of precisely cutting off or treating a portion of a single cell from its remaining portion in its original adherent state. Local operations on portions of a living single cell in its adherent culture state were applied to various types of cells. Temporal wound repair was successfully observed. Moreover, we successfully stained portions of a living single cell to measure the organelle transport speed (mitochondria as a model) inside a cell. This technique opens up new avenues for cellular wound repair and subcellular behavior analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Wanling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Caihou Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery , Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , Fujian 350001 , China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences , Tokyo Metropolitan University , Minamiohsawa , Hachioji , Tokyo 192-0397 , Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
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26
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Zhang SP, Lata J, Chen C, Mai J, Guo F, Tian Z, Ren L, Mao Z, Huang PH, Li P, Yang S, Huang TJ. Digital acoustofluidics enables contactless and programmable liquid handling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2928. [PMID: 30050088 PMCID: PMC6062562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, scientists have pursued the goal of performing automated reactions in a compact fluid processor with minimal human intervention. Most advanced fluidic handling technologies (e.g., microfluidic chips and micro-well plates) lack fluid rewritability, and the associated benefits of multi-path routing and re-programmability, due to surface-adsorption-induced contamination on contacting structures. This limits their processing speed and the complexity of reaction test matrices. We present a contactless droplet transport and processing technique called digital acoustofluidics which dynamically manipulates droplets with volumes from 1 nL to 100 µL along any planar axis via acoustic-streaming-induced hydrodynamic traps, all in a contamination-free (lower than 10−10% diffusion into the fluorinated carrier oil layer) and biocompatible (99.2% cell viability) manner. Hence, digital acoustofluidics can execute reactions on overlapping, non-contaminated, fluidic paths and can scale to perform massive interaction matrices within a single device. Contamination is an obstacle to the functioning of microfluidic devices. Here the authors exploit acoustic streaming to manipulate droplets which float on a layer of immiscible oil. This prevents contamination and enables rewritability by which different fluids can be used on the same substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - James Lata
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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27
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Abstract
In this work, we fabricate microfluidic probes (MFPs) in a single step by stereolithographic 3D printing and benchmark their performance with standard MFPs fabricated via glass or silicon micromachining. Two research teams join forces to introduce two independent designs and fabrication protocols, using different equipment. Both strategies adopted are inexpensive and simple (they only require a stereolithography printer) and are highly customizable. Flow characterization is performed by reproducing previously published microfluidic dipolar and microfluidic quadrupolar reagent delivery profiles which are compared to the expected results from numerical simulations and scaling laws. Results show that, for most MFP applications, printer resolution artifacts have negligible impact on probe operation, reagent pattern formation, and cell staining results. Thus, any research group with a moderate resolution (≤100 µm) stereolithography printer will be able to fabricate the MFPs and use them for processing cells, or generating microfluidic concentration gradients. MFP fabrication involved glass and/or silicon micromachining, or polymer micromolding, in every previously published article on the topic. We therefore believe that 3D printed MFPs is poised to democratize this technology. We contribute to initiate this trend by making our CAD files available for the readers to test our "print & probe" approach using their own stereolithographic 3D printers.
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Qasaimeh MA, Pyzik M, Astolfi M, Vidal SM, Juncker D. Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Moving Gradients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Division of Engineering; New York University Abu Dhabi; Abu Dhabi 129188 UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; New York University; NY 11201 USA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Brigham &Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mélina Astolfi
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
| | - Silvia M. Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics; McGill University; Montréal QC H3G 0B1 Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Genome Quebec Innovation Centre; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; McGill University; Montréal QC H3A 1A4 Canada
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29
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Mao S, Zhang W, Huang Q, Khan M, Li H, Uchiyama K, Lin JM. In Situ Scatheless Cell Detachment Reveals Correlation between Adhesion Strength and Viability at Single-Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:236-240. [PMID: 29136313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell biology provides insights into some of the most fundamental processes in biology and promotes the understanding of life's mysteries. As the technologies to study single-cells expand, they will require sophisticated analytical tools to make sense of various behaviors and components of single-cells as well as their relations in the adherent tissue culture. In this paper, we revealed cell heterogeneity and uncovered the connections between cell adhesion strength and cell viability at single-cell resolution by extracting single adherent cells of interest from a standard tissue culture by using a microfluidic chip-based live single-cell extractor (LSCE). We believe that this method will provide a valuable new tool for single-cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wanling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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30
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Mao S, Zhang W, Huang Q, Khan M, Li H, Uchiyama K, Lin JM. In Situ Scatheless Cell Detachment Reveals Correlation between Adhesion Strength and Viability at Single-Cell Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wanling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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31
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Mao S, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zeng H, Nakajima H, Lin JM, Uchiyama K. Convection-Diffusion Layer in an “Open Space” for Local Surface Treatment and Microfabrication using a Four-Aperture Microchemical Pen. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2357-2363. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Weifei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Hulie Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation; The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Minamiohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
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32
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Brimmo AT, Qasaimeh MA. Microfluidic Probes and Quadrupoles: A new era of open microfluidics. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2016.2633678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Isolated microfluidic stagnation points – formed within microfluidic interfaces – have come a long way as a tool for characterizing materials, manipulating micro particles, and generating confined flows and localized chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T. Brimmo
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- UAE
- Tandon School of Engineering
| | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- UAE
- Tandon School of Engineering
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34
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Menachery A, Kumawat N, Qasaimeh MA. Merging orthogonal microfluidic flows to generate multi-profile concentration gradients. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09692e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel microfluidic device capable of generating multi-profile gradients that include sigmoidal, parabolic, and exponential concentration variations across its main channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Menachery
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - N. Kumawat
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - M. A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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35
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Nakajima A, Ishida M, Fujimori T, Wakamoto Y, Sawai S. The microfluidic lighthouse: an omnidirectional gradient generator. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4382-4394. [PMID: 27735954 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of chemotactic cell migration rely heavily on various assay systems designed to evaluate the ability of cells to move in response to attractant molecules. In particular, the development of microfluidics-based devices in recent years has made it possible to spatially distribute attractant molecules in graded profiles that are sufficiently stable and precise to test theoretical predictions regarding the accuracy and efficiency of chemotaxis and the underlying mechanism of stimulus perception. However, because the gradient is fixed in a direction orthogonal to the laminar flow and thus the chamber geometry, conventional devices are limited for the study of cell re-orientation to gradients that move or change directions. Here, we describe the development of a simple radially symmetric microfluidics device that can deliver laminar flow in 360°. A stimulant introduced either from the central inlet or by photo uncaging is focused into the laminar flow in a direction determined by the relative rate of regulated flow from multiple side channels. Schemes for flow regulation and an extended duplexed device were designed to generate and move gradients in desired orientations and speed, and then tested to steer cell migration of Dictyostelium and neutrophil-like HL60 cells. The device provided a high degree of freedom in the positioning and orientation of attractant gradients, and thus may serve as a versatile platform for studying cell migration, re-orientation, and steering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakajima
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - M Ishida
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Fujimori
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Wakamoto
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. and Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Sawai
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. and Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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36
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Form, shape and function: segmented blood flow in the choriocapillaris. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35754. [PMID: 27779198 PMCID: PMC5078844 DOI: 10.1038/srep35754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of fluid transport systems was a key event in the evolution of animals and plants. While within vertebrates branched geometries predominate, the choriocapillaris, which is the microvascular bed that is responsible for the maintenance of the outer retina, has evolved a planar topology. Here we examine the flow and mass transfer properties associated with this unusual geometry. We show that as a result of the form of the choriocapillaris, the blood flow is decomposed into a tessellation of functional vascular segments of various shapes delineated by separation surfaces across which there is no flow, and in the vicinity of which the transport of passive substances is diffusion-limited. The shape of each functional segment is determined by the distribution of arterioles and venules and their respective relative flow rates. We also show that, remarkably, the mass exchange with the outer retina is a function of the shape of each functional segment. In addition to introducing a novel framework in which the structure and function of the metabolite delivery system to the outer retina may be investigated in health and disease, the present work provides a general characterisation of the flow and transfers in multipole Hele-Shaw configurations.
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37
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Kashyap A, Cors JF, Lovchik RD, Kaigala GV. Rapid Subtractive Patterning of Live Cell Layers with a Microfluidic Probe. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27685165 DOI: 10.3791/54447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The microfluidic probe (MFP) facilitates performing local chemistry on biological substrates by confining nanoliter volumes of liquids. Using one particular implementation of the MFP, the hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hHFC), multiple liquids are simultaneously brought in contact with a substrate. Local chemical action and liquid shaping using the hHFC, is exploited to create cell patterns by locally lysing and removing cells. By utilizing the scanning ability of the MFP, user-defined patterns of cell monolayers are created. This protocol enables rapid, real-time and spatially controlled cell patterning, which can allow selective cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction studies.
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38
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Kashyap A, Autebert J, Delamarche E, Kaigala GV. Selective local lysis and sampling of live cells for nucleic acid analysis using a microfluidic probe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29579. [PMID: 27411740 PMCID: PMC4944176 DOI: 10.1038/srep29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is inherent to biology, thus it is imperative to realize methods capable of obtaining spatially-resolved genomic and transcriptomic profiles of heterogeneous biological samples. Here, we present a new method for local lysis of live adherent cells for nucleic acid analyses. This method addresses bottlenecks in current approaches, such as dilution of analytes, one-sample-one-test, and incompatibility to adherent cells. We make use of a scanning probe technology - a microfluidic probe - and implement hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hHFC) to localize multiple biochemicals on a biological substrate in a non-contact, non-destructive manner. hHFC enables rapid recovery of nucleic acids by coupling cell lysis and lysate collection. We locally lysed ~300 cells with chemical systems adapted for DNA or RNA and obtained lysates of ~70 cells/μL for DNA analysis and ~15 cells/μL for mRNA analysis. The lysates were introduced into PCR-based workflows for genomic and transcriptomic analysis. This strategy further enabled selective local lysis of subpopulations in a co-culture of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, validated by characteristic E-cadherin gene expression in individually extracted cell types. The developed strategy can be applied to study cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions locally, with implications in understanding growth, progression and drug response of a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kashyap
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Julien Autebert
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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39
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Hussain YH, Guasto JS, Zimmer RK, Stocker R, Riffell JA. Sperm chemotaxis promotes individual fertilization success in sea urchins. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:1458-66. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.134924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive success fundamentally shapes an organism's ecology and evolution, and gamete traits mediate fertilization, which is a critical juncture in reproduction. Individual male fertilization success is dependent on the ability of sperm from one male to outcompete the sperm of other males when searching for a conspecific egg. Sperm chemotaxis, the ability of sperm to navigate towards eggs using chemical signals, has been studied for over a century, but such studies have long assumed that this phenomenon improves individual male fitness without explicit evidence to support this claim. Here, we assess fertilization changes upon use of a chemoattractant-digesting peptidase and use a microfluidic device coupled with a fertilization assay to determine the effect of sperm chemotaxis on individual male fertilization success in the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. We show that removing chemoattractant from the gametic environment decreases fertilization success. We further find that individual male differences in chemotaxis to a well-defined gradient of attractant correlate with individual male differences in fertilization success. These results demonstrate that sperm chemotaxis is an important contributor to individual reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey S. Guasto
- Tufts University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Medford, MA USA 02155
| | - Richard K. Zimmer
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Roman Stocker
- ETH Zurich, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Cors JF, Stucki A, Kaigala GV. Hydrodynamic thermal confinement: creating thermo-chemical microenvironments on surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13035-13038. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a new, general concept termed Hydrodynamic Thermal Confinement (HTC), and its implementation for the creation of microscale dynamic thermo-chemical microenvironments on biological surfaces. We demonstrate selective DNA denaturation of single spots on a microarray using a 15% formamide solution at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Cors
- IBM Research – Zurich
- 8803 Rüschlikon
- Switzerland
| | - A. Stucki
- IBM Research – Zurich
- 8803 Rüschlikon
- Switzerland
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41
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Central Nervous System and its Disease Models on a Chip. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:762-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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42
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Ahadian S, Sadeghian RB, Salehi S, Ostrovidov S, Bae H, Ramalingam M, Khademhosseini A. Bioconjugated Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1984-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Ahadian
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ramin Banan Sadeghian
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sahar Salehi
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hojae Bae
- College
of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong,
Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Centre
for Stem Cell Research, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Christian Medical College Campus, Vellore 632002, India
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- College
of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong,
Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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43
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Two-Aperture Microfluidic Probes as Flow Dipole: Theory and Applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11943. [PMID: 26169160 PMCID: PMC4500946 DOI: 10.1038/srep11943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A microfluidic probe (MFP) is a mobile channel-less microfluidic system under which a fluid is injected from an aperture into an open space, hydrodynamically confined by a surrounding fluid, and entirely re-aspirated into a second aperture. Various MFPs have been developed, and have been used for applications ranging from surface patterning of photoresists to local perfusion of organotypic tissue slices. However, the hydrodynamic and mass transfer properties of the flow under the MFP have not been analyzed, and the flow parameters are adjusted empirically. Here, we present an analytical model describing the key transport properties in MFP operation, including the dimensions of the hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC) area, diffusion broadening, and shear stress as a function of: (i) probe geometry (ii) aspiration-to-injection flow rate ratio (iii) gap between MFP and substrate and (iv) reagent diffusivity. Analytical results and scaling laws were validated against numerical simulations and experimental results from published data. These results will be useful to guide future MFP design and operation, notably to control the MFP "brush stroke" while preserving shear-sensitive cells and tissues.
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44
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Aranyosi AJ, Wong EA, Irimia D. A neutrophil treadmill to decouple spatial and temporal signals during chemotaxis. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:549-556. [PMID: 25412288 PMCID: PMC4268067 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00970c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
After more than 50 years of debates, the role of spatial and temporal gradients during cell chemotaxis is still a contentious matter. One major challenge is that when cells move in response to a heterogeneous chemical environment they are exposed to both spatial and temporal concentration changes. Even in the presence of perfectly stable chemical gradients, moving cells experience temporal changes of concentration simply by moving between locations with different chemical concentrations in a heterogeneous environment. Thus, the effects of the spatial and temporal stimuli cannot be dissociated and studied independently, hampering progress towards understanding the mechanisms of cell chemotaxis. Here we employ microfluidic and other engineering tools to build a system that accomplishes a function analogous to a treadmill at the cellular scale, holding a moving cell at a specified, unchanging location in a chemical gradient. Using this system, we decouple the spatial and temporal gradients around moving human neutrophils and find that temporal gradients are necessary for the directional persistence of human neutrophils during chemotaxis. Our results suggest that temporal chemoattractant changes are important during neutrophil migration and should be taken into account when deciphering the signalling pathways of cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Aranyosi
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129
| | - Elisabeth A. Wong
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129
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45
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Gervais T, Safavieh M, Qasaimeh MA, Juncker D. Systematic analysis of microfluidic probe design and operation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:1567-70. [PMID: 25570270 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic probes are an emerging tool used in a wide range of applications including surface biopatterning, immunohistology, and cell migration studies. They control flow above a surface by simultaneously injecting and aspirating fluids from a pen-like structure positioned a few tens of microns above a surface. Rather than confining flows inside microchannels they rely on recirculating flow patterns between the probe tip and the substrate to create a hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC) zone in which reagents can be locally delivered to the surface. In this paper, we provide a theoretical model, supported by numerical simulations and experimental data, describing the extent of the HFC as a function of the two most important probe operation parameters, the ratio of aspiration to injection flow rate, and the distance between probe apertures. Two types of probes are studied: two-aperture microfluidic probes (MFPs) and microfluidic quadrupoles (MQs). In both cases, the model yields very accurate results and suggests a simple underlying theory based on 2D potential flows to understand probe operation. We further highlight how the model can be used to precisely control the probe's "brush stroke" while in surface patterning mode. The understanding of probe operation made possible through the provided analytical model should lay the bases for computer-controlled probe calibration and operation.
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46
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Benedetto A, Accetta G, Fujita Y, Charras G. Spatiotemporal control of gene expression using microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1336-1347. [PMID: 24531367 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate spatiotemporal regulation of genetic expression and cell microenvironment are both essential to epithelial morphogenesis during development, wound healing and cancer. In vivo, this is achieved through the interplay between intrinsic cellular properties and extrinsic signals. Amongst these, morphogen gradients induce specific concentration- and time-dependent gene expression changes that influence a target cell's fate. As systems biology attempts to understand the complex mechanisms underlying morphogenesis, the lack of experimental setup to recapitulate morphogen-induced patterning in vitro has become limiting. For this reason, we developed a versatile microfluidic-based platform to control the spatiotemporal delivery of chemical gradients to tissues grown in Petri dishes. Using this setup combined with a synthetic inducible gene expression system, we were able to restrict a target gene's expression within a confluent epithelium to bands of cells as narrow as four cell diameters with a one cell diameter accuracy. Applied to the targeted delivery of growth factor gradients to a confluent epithelium, this method further enabled the localized induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and associated morphogenetic changes. Our approach paves the way for replicating in vitro the morphogen gradients observed in vivo to determine the relative contributions of known intrinsic and extrinsic factors in differential tissue patterning, during development and cancer. It could also be readily used to spatiotemporally control cell differentiation in ES/iPS cell cultures for re-engineering of complex tissues. Finally, the reversibility of the microfluidic chip assembly allows for pre- and post-treatment sample manipulations and extends the range of patternable samples to animal explants.
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Autebert J, Kashyap A, Lovchik RD, Delamarche E, Kaigala GV. Hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement: efficient use and retrieval of chemicals for microscale chemistry on surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3640-5. [PMID: 24625080 PMCID: PMC4213896 DOI: 10.1021/la500875m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We devised, implemented, and tested a new concept for efficient local surface chemistry that we call hierarchical hydrodynamic flow confinement (hierarchical HFC). This concept leverages the hydrodynamic shaping of multiple layers of liquid to address challenges inherent to microscale surface chemistry, such as minimal dilution, economical consumption of reagent, and fast liquid switching. We illustrate two modes of hierarchical HFC, nested and pinched, by locally denaturing and recovering a 26 bp DNA with as little as 2% dilution and by efficiently patterning an antibody on a surface, with a 5 μm resolution and a 100-fold decrease of reagent consumption compared to microcontact printing. In addition, valveless switching between nanoliter volumes of liquids was achieved within 20 ms. We believe hierarchical HFC will have broad utility for chemistry on surfaces at the microscale.
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Cho H, Hamza B, Wong EA, Irimia D. On-demand, competing gradient arrays for neutrophil chemotaxis. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:972-978. [PMID: 24430002 PMCID: PMC3950309 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50959a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells in the circulation, protecting the body against pathogens and responding early to inflammation. Although we understand how neutrophils respond to individual stimuli, we know less about how they prioritize between competing signals or respond to combinational signals. This situation is due in part to the lack of adequate experimental systems to provide signals in controlled spatial and temporal fashion. To address these limitations, we designed a platform for generating on-demand, competing chemical gradients and for monitoring neutrophil migration. On this platform, we implemented forty-eight assays generating independent gradients and employed synchronized valves to control the timing of these gradients. We observed faster activation of neutrophils in response to fMLP than to LTB4 and unveiled for the first time a potentiating effect for fMLP during migration towards LTB4. Our observations, enabled by the new tools, challenge the current paradigm of inhibitory competition between distinct chemoattractant gradients and suggest that human neutrophils are capable of complex integration of chemical signals in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansang Cho
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bashar Hamza
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wong
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Shriners Hospital for Children, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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Cors JF, Lovchik RD, Delamarche E, Kaigala GV. A compact and versatile microfluidic probe for local processing of tissue sections and biological specimens. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:034301. [PMID: 24689601 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microfluidic probe (MFP) is a non-contact, scanning microfluidic technology for local (bio)chemical processing of surfaces based on hydrodynamically confining nanoliter volumes of liquids over tens of micrometers. We present here a compact MFP (cMFP) that can be used on a standard inverted microscope and assist in the local processing of tissue sections and biological specimens. The cMFP has a footprint of 175 × 100 × 140 mm(3) and can scan an area of 45 × 45 mm(2) on a surface with an accuracy of ±15 μm. The cMFP is compatible with standard surfaces used in life science laboratories such as microscope slides and Petri dishes. For ease of use, we developed self-aligned mounted MFP heads with standardized "chip-to-world" and "chip-to-platform" interfaces. Switching the processing liquid in the flow confinement is performed within 90 s using a selector valve with a dead-volume of approximately 5 μl. We further implemented height-compensation that allows a cMFP head to follow non-planar surfaces common in tissue and cellular ensembles. This was shown by patterning different macroscopic copper-coated topographies with height differences up to 750 μm. To illustrate the applicability to tissue processing, 5 μm thick M000921 BRAF V600E+ melanoma cell blocks were stained with hematoxylin to create contours, lines, spots, gradients of the chemicals, and multiple spots over larger areas. The local staining was performed in an interactive manner using a joystick and a scripting module. The compactness, user-friendliness, and functionality of the cMFP will enable it to be adapted as a standard tool in research, development and diagnostic laboratories, particularly for the interaction with tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cors
- IBM Research-Zurich, Saeumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - R D Lovchik
- IBM Research-Zurich, Saeumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - E Delamarche
- IBM Research-Zurich, Saeumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - G V Kaigala
- IBM Research-Zurich, Saeumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland
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Annabi N, Tamayol A, Uquillas JA, Akbari M, Bertassoni LE, Cha C, Camci-Unal G, Dokmeci MR, Peppas NA, Khademhosseini A. 25th anniversary article: Rational design and applications of hydrogels in regenerative medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:85-123. [PMID: 24741694 PMCID: PMC3925010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 837] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer-based materials with high water content and physical characteristics that resemble the native extracellular matrix. Because of their remarkable properties, hydrogel systems are used for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as three-dimensional (3D) matrices for tissue engineering, drug-delivery vehicles, composite biomaterials, and as injectable fillers in minimally invasive surgeries. In addition, the rational design of hydrogels with controlled physical and biological properties can be used to modulate cellular functionality and tissue morphogenesis. Here, the development of advanced hydrogels with tunable physiochemical properties is highlighted, with particular emphasis on elastomeric, light-sensitive, composite, and shape-memory hydrogels. Emerging technologies developed over the past decade to control hydrogel architecture are also discussed and a number of potential applications and challenges in the utilization of hydrogels in regenerative medicine are reviewed. It is anticipated that the continued development of sophisticated hydrogels will result in clinical applications that will improve patient care and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Annabi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jorge Alfredo Uquillas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Building 3.110B, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, Texas, 78712–1062, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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