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Dulière V, Guillaumot C, Lacroix G, Saucède T, López‐Farran Z, Danis B, Schön I, Baetens K. Dispersal models alert on the risk of non‐native species introduction by Ballast water in protected areas from the Western Antarctic Peninsula. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Dulière
- Royal Institute of Natural SciencesOD Nature Brussels Belgium
| | - Charlène Guillaumot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
- UMR 6282 Biogéosciences Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRSEPHE Dijon France
| | | | - Thomas Saucède
- UMR 6282 Biogéosciences Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéCNRSEPHE Dijon France
| | - Zambra López‐Farran
- LEM‐Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Facultad de Ciencias Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
- Research Center Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystem (Fondap‐IDEAL) Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- LEMAS‐Laboratorio de Ecología de Macroalgas Antárticas y Sub antárticas Universidad de Magallanes Punta Arenas Chile
| | - Bruno Danis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Isa Schön
- Royal Institute of Natural SciencesOD Nature Brussels Belgium
| | - Katrijn Baetens
- Royal Institute of Natural SciencesOD Nature Brussels Belgium
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2
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Nguyen LSP, Nguyen KT, Griffith SM, Sheu GR, Yen MC, Chang SC, Lin NH. Multiscale Temporal Variations of Atmospheric Mercury Distinguished by the Hilbert-Huang Transform Analysis Reveals Multiple El Niño-Southern Oscillation Links. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:1423-1432. [PMID: 34961321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) cycling is sensitive to climate-driven changes, but links with various teleconnections remain unestablished. Here, we revealed the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations recorded at a background station in East Asia using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The timing and magnitude of GEM intrinsic variations were clearly distinguished by ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), revealing the amplitude of the GEM concentration interannual variability (IAV) is greater than that for diurnal and seasonal variability. We show that changes in the annual cycle of GEM were modulated by significant IAVs at time scales of 2-7 years, highlighted by a robust GEM IAV-ENSO relationship of the associated intrinsic mode functions. With confirmation that ENSO modulates the GEM annual cycle, we then found that weaker GEM annual cycles may have resulted from El Niño-accelerated Hg evasion from the ocean. Furthermore, the relationship between ENSO and GEM is sensitive to extreme events (i.e., 2015-2016 El Niño), resulting in perturbation of the long-term trend and atmospheric Hg cycling. Future climate change will likely increase the number of extreme El Niño events and, hence, could alter atmospheric Hg cycling and influence the effectiveness evaluation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Sy Phu Nguyen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kien Trong Nguyen
- Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Stephen M Griffith
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Rong Sheu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Yen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
| | | | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Jhongli 320, Taiwan
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3
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Adusumilli S, Fricker HA, Medley B, Padman L, Siegfried MR. Interannual variations in meltwater input to the Southern Ocean from Antarctic ice shelves. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2020; 13:616-620. [PMID: 32952606 PMCID: PMC7500482 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-020-0616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ocean-driven basal melting of Antarctica's floating ice shelves accounts for about half of their mass loss in steady-state, where gains in ice shelf mass are balanced by losses. Ice shelf thickness changes driven by varying basal melt rates modulate mass loss from the grounded ice sheet and its contribution to sea level, and the changing meltwater fluxes influence climate processes in the Southern Ocean. Existing continent-wide melt rate datasets have no temporal variability, introducing uncertainties in sea level and climate projections. Here, we combine surface height data from satellite radar altimeters with satellite-derived ice velocities and a new model of firn-layer evolution to generate a high-resolution map of time-averaged (2010-2018) basal melt rates, and time series (1994-2018) of meltwater fluxes for most ice shelves. Total basal meltwater flux in 1994 (1090±150 Gt/yr) was not significantly different from the steady-state value (1100±60 Gt/yr), but increased to 1570±140 Gt/yr in 2009, followed by a decline to 1160±150 Gt/yr in 2018. For the four largest "cold-water" ice shelves we partition meltwater fluxes into deep and shallow sources to reveal distinct signatures of temporal variability, providing insights into climate forcing of basal melting and the impact of this melting on the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Adusumilli
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Helen Amanda Fricker
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Medley
- Cryospheric Science Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MD, USA
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4
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Srivastava A, Mohan R. Spatio-temporal changes and prediction of Amery ice shelf, east Antarctica: A remote sensing and statistics-based approach. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110648. [PMID: 32421678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Amery ice shelf (AIS) dynamics and mass balance play key role to decipher changes in the global climate scenario. The spatio-temporal changes in morphology of the AIS were studied into a number of transects at 5 km uniform intervals using multi-dated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) satellite data (2001-2016) of the austral summer months (January-March). Past ice shelf extents have been reconstructed and future ice shelf extents were estimated for 5- and 10-year time periods. The rate changes of AIS extent were estimated using the linear regression analysis and cross-validated with the coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) methods. Further, the changes in shelf extent were linked to prevailing factors viz. mass changes, Southern Annular Mode (SAM) index, and ocean-air temperatures. The study reveals that the AIS extent has been prograded at the rate of 994 m/year with an average 14.5 km increase in the areal extents during 2001-2016, as compared to the year 2001, whereas, the maximum advancement in ice shelf extent was recorded during the 2006-2016 period. Based on the linear regression analysis, the predicted ice shelf extents (i.e., the summer 2021 and 2016) show progradation in all the transects. About 52% of transects exhibit ±200 m RMSE values, indicating better agreement between the estimated and satellite-based ice-shelf position. The recent changes (2017-2019) observed in the ice shelf are cross validated with predicted ice self-extent rates. The eastern part of Mackenzie Bay to Ingrid Christensen coast recorded advancement in the ice shelf extents and mass which is the feedback of positive SAM along with a decrease in the temperatures (air temperature and sea surface temperature). The present study demonstrates that the combined use of satellite imagery and statistical techniques can be useful in quantifying and predicting ice shelf morphological variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Mohan
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences (Govt. of India), Goa, India
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5
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Kennicutt MC, Bromwich D, Liggett D, Njåstad B, Peck L, Rintoul SR, Ritz C, Siegert MJ, Aitken A, Brooks CM, Cassano J, Chaturvedi S, Chen D, Dodds K, Golledge NR, Le Bohec C, Leppe M, Murray A, Nath PC, Raphael MN, Rogan-Finnemore M, Schroeder DM, Talley L, Travouillon T, Vaughan DG, Wang L, Weatherwax AT, Yang H, Chown SL. Sustained Antarctic Research: A 21st Century Imperative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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6
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Remote Sensing of Environmental Changes in Cold Regions: Methods, Achievements and Challenges. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11161952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cold regions, including high-latitude and high-altitude landscapes, are experiencing profound environmental changes driven by global warming. With the advance of earth observation technology, remote sensing has become increasingly important for detecting, monitoring, and understanding environmental changes over vast and remote regions. This paper provides an overview of recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities for land remote sensing of cold regions by (a) summarizing the physical principles and methods in remote sensing of selected key variables related to ice, snow, permafrost, water bodies, and vegetation; (b) highlighting recent environmental nonstationarity occurring in the Arctic, Tibetan Plateau, and Antarctica as detected from satellite observations; (c) discussing the limits of available remote sensing data and approaches for regional monitoring; and (d) exploring new opportunities from next-generation satellite missions and emerging methods for accurate, timely, and multi-scale mapping of cold regions.
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Wadham JL, Hawkings JR, Tarasov L, Gregoire LJ, Spencer RGM, Gutjahr M, Ridgwell A, Kohfeld KE. Ice sheets matter for the global carbon cycle. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3567. [PMID: 31417076 PMCID: PMC6695407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice sheets were viewed as inert components of this cycle and largely disregarded in global models. Research in the past decade has transformed this view, demonstrating the existence of uniquely adapted microbial communities, high rates of biogeochemical/physical weathering in ice sheets and storage and cycling of organic carbon (>104 Pg C) and nutrients. Here we assess the active role of ice sheets in the global carbon cycle and potential ramifications of enhanced melt and ice discharge in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wadham
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.
| | - J R Hawkings
- National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Tarasov
- Memorial University, St. John's, NF, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | | | - R G M Spencer
- National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | | | - A Ridgwell
- University of California, Riverside, CA, 94720, USA
| | - K E Kohfeld
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, 8888, Canada
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Zhang T, Huang B, Yang S, Chen J, Jiang X. Dynamical and Thermodynamical Influences of the Maritime Continent on ENSO Evolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15352. [PMID: 30337575 PMCID: PMC6193933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts tremendous influences on the global climate. Through dynamic lifting and thermal forcing, the Maritime Continent (MC) plays an important role in affecting global atmospheric circulation. In spite of the extensive studies on ENSO mechanisms, the influence of MC on the characteristics of ENSO life cycle remains unclear. Our coupled model experiments reveal that the absence of the MC land contributes to a strong ENSO asymmetry and a weakened nonlinear atmospheric response to the combined seasonal and interannual SST variations (i.e. the combination mode) that prolongs the warm events, resulting in a reduction of ENSO frequency. On the other hand, our experiments suggest that the global climate model applied (NCAR CESM) overestimates the MC topographic uplifting effect on ENSO simulation. Overall, this study provides a new physical insight into the nature of the MC influence on ENSO evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuantuan Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohua Huang
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth Sciences and Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
| | - Song Yang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Earth Climate and Environment System, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junwen Chen
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Jiang
- Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu, China
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The Springtime Influence of Natural Tropical Pacific Variability on the Surface Climate of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica: Implications for Ice Shelf Thinning. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11983. [PMID: 30097646 PMCID: PMC6086883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational records starting in the 1950s show West Antarctica is amongst the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Together with increased intrusions of warm circumpolar deep water (CDW) onto the continental shelf due to local wind forcing (the primary mechanism in recent decades), this has resulted in enhanced surface and basal melting of floating ice shelves and an associated acceleration and thinning of West Antarctic outlet glaciers, increasing the rate of global sea level rise. In this study, it is shown that during the austral spring season, significant surface warming across West Antarctica has shifted westward to the Ross Ice Shelf in recent decades in response to enhanced cyclonic circulation over the Ross Sea. These circulation changes are caused by a Rossby wave train forced by increasing sea surface temperatures in the western tropical Pacific, which is tied to the springtime shift of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) to its negative phase after 1992. While the local wind trends enhance warm air advection and surface warming across the Ross Ice Shelf, the strong easterly component of the wind trends reduces the likelihood for intrusions of CDW onto the continental shelf in this region. This suggests that during spring there are competing mechanisms of surface and basal melting of the Ross Ice Shelf, both of which are closely tied to natural tropical Pacific decadal variability. Moreover, that the projected transition of the IPO back to its positive phase in the coming decade, though likely to reduce surface warming on the Ross Ice Shelf, could increase the risk of disintegration of Ross Sea ice shelves due to increased intrusions of CDW and enhanced basal melting.
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Guo Y, Wang N, Li G, Rosas G, Zang J, Ma Y, Liu J, Han W, Cao H. Direct and Indirect Effects of Penguin Feces on Microbiomes in Antarctic Ornithogenic Soils. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:552. [PMID: 29666609 PMCID: PMC5891643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of penguin activity in maritime Antarctica, under ice thaw, increases the chances of penguin feces affecting soil microbiomes. The detail of such effects begins to be revealed. By comparing soil geochemistry and microbiome composition inside (one site) and outside (three sites) of the rookery, we found significant effects of penguin feces on both. First, penguin feces change soil geochemistry, causing increased moisture content (MC) of ornithogenic soils and nutrients C, N, P, and Si in the rookery compared to non-rookery sites, but not pH. Second, penguin feces directly affect microbiome composition in the rookery, not those outside. Specifically, we found 4,364 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) in 404 genera in six main phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. Although the diversity is similar among the four sites, the composition is different. For example, penguin rookery has a lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae but a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Thermomicrobia. Strikingly, the family Clostridiaceae of Firmicutes of penguin-feces origin is most abundant in the rookery than non-rookery sites with two most abundant genera, Tissierella and Proteiniclasticum. Redundancy analysis showed all measured geochemical factors are significant in structuring microbiomes, with MC showing the highest correlation. We further extracted 21 subnetworks of microbes which contain 4,318 of the 4,364 OTUs using network analysis and are closely correlated with all geochemical factors except pH. Our finding f penguin feces, directly and indirectly, affects soil microbiome suggests an important role of penguins in soil geochemistry and microbiome structure of maritime Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Guo
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Nengfei Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Jiaye Zang
- Key Lab of Marine Bioactive Substances, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Marine Sciences and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbing Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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