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Possenti E, Marinoni N, Conti C, Realini M, Vaughan GBM, Colombo C. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRDCT): a new tool in cultural heritage and stone conservation for 3D non-destructive probing and phase analysis of inorganic re-treatments. Analyst 2024; 149:2059-2072. [PMID: 38411215 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The issue of preserving carbonatic stones of cultural heritage (CH) restored in the past that have undergone new decay phenomena is strongly emerging and conservation science has not yet found a reliable solution. In this paper, we propose the application of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRDCT) to explore the effects of using inorganic-mineral products (ammonium oxalate; ammonium phosphate) in sequence as a novel, compatible and effective re-treatment approach to consolidate decayed carbonatic stones already treated with inorganic-mineral treatments. High-quality XRDCT datasets were used to qualitatively/quantitatively investigate and 3D localize the complex mixture of crystalline phases formed after the conservation re-treatments within a porous carbonatic stone substrate. The XRDCT reconstruction images and the structural refinements of XRD patterns with the Rietveld methods showed that the phase composition of reaction products, their volume distribution, and weight fraction vary as a function of the treatment sequence and penetration depth. The high potential of XRDCT allows (i) assessment of peculiar trends of each treatment/treatment sequence; (ii) exploration of the reaction steps of the sequential treatments and (iii) demonstration of the consolidating effect of inorganic re-treatments, non-destructively and at the micron scale. Above all, our study (i) provides new analytical tools to support the conservation choices, (ii) showcases new analytical possibilities for XRDCT in conservation science, including in investigations of CH materials and decay processes, and (iii) opens up new perspectives in analytical chemistry and material characterisation for the non-destructive and non-invasive analysis of reactions within heterogeneous polycrystalline systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Possenti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Marinoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudia Conti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Realini
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gavin B M Vaughan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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2
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Omori NE, Bobitan AD, Vamvakeros A, Beale AM, Jacques SDM. Recent developments in X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography for materials science. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220350. [PMID: 37691470 PMCID: PMC10493554 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography (XDS-CT) methods are a non-destructive class of chemical imaging techniques that have the capacity to provide reconstructions of sample cross-sections with spatially resolved chemical information. While X-ray diffraction CT (XRD-CT) is the most well-established method, recent advances in instrumentation and data reconstruction have seen greater use of related techniques like small angle X-ray scattering CT and pair distribution function CT. Additionally, the adoption of machine learning techniques for tomographic reconstruction and data analysis are fundamentally disrupting how XDS-CT data is processed. The following narrative review highlights recent developments and applications of XDS-CT with a focus on studies in the last five years. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Omori
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
| | - Antonia D. Bobitan
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2DB, UK
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Simon D. M. Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St Helens Street,Abingdon OX14 5EG, UK
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3
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Kovyakh A, Banerjee S, Liu CH, Wright CJ, Li YC, Mallouk TE, Feidenhans’l R, Billinge SJL. Towards scanning nanostructure X-ray microscopy. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1221-1228. [PMID: 37555210 PMCID: PMC10405596 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723005927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrates spatial mapping of the local and nanoscale structure of thin film objects using spatially resolved pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction data. This is exemplified in a lab-on-chip combinatorial array of sample spots containing catalytically interesting nanoparticles deposited from liquid precursors using an ink-jet liquid-handling system. A software implementation is presented of the whole protocol, including an approach for automated data acquisition and analysis using the atomic PDF method. The protocol software can handle semi-automated data reduction, normalization and modeling, with user-defined recipes generating a comprehensive collection of metadata and analysis results. By slicing the collection using included functions, it is possible to build images of different contrast features chosen by the user, giving insights into different aspects of the local structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kovyakh
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soham Banerjee
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chia-Hao Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher J. Wright
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yuguang C. Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, NY 14260, USA
| | - Thomas E. Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Feidenhans’l
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- European XFEL, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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4
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Sottmann J, Ruud A, Fjellvåg ØS, Vaughan GBM, Di Michel M, Fjellvåg H, Lebedev OI, Vajeeston P, Wragg DS. 5D total scattering computed tomography reveals the full reaction mechanism of a bismuth vanadate lithium ion battery anode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27075-27085. [PMID: 36326039 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03892g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have used operando 5D synchrotron total scattering computed tomography (TSCT) to understand the cycling and possible long term deactivation mechanisms of the lithium-ion battery anode bismuth vanadate. This anode material functions via a combined conversion/alloying mechanism in which nanocrystals of lithium-bismuth alloy are protected by an amorphous matrix of lithium vanadate. This composite is formed in situ during the first lithiation of the anode. The operando TSCT data were analyzed and mapped using both pair distribution function and Rietveld methods. We can follow the lithium-bismuth alloying reaction at all stages, gaining real structural insight including variations in nanoparticle sizes, lattice parameters and bond lengths, even when the material is completely amorphous. We also observe for the first time structural changes related to the cycling of lithium ions in the lithium vanadate matrix, which displays no interactions beyond the first shell of V-O bonds. The first 3D operando mapping of the distribution of different materials in an amorphous anode reveals a decline in coverage caused by either agglomeration or partial dissolution of the active material, hinting at the mechanism of long term deactivation. The observations from the operando experiment are backed up by post mortem transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies and theoretical calculations to provide a complete picture of an exceptionally complex cycling mechanism across a range of length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sottmann
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Amund Ruud
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein S Fjellvåg
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gavin B M Vaughan
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Di Michel
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Helmer Fjellvåg
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, CNRS UMR 6508, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Ponniah Vajeeston
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | - David S Wragg
- Center for Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application and Their Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224961. [PMID: 36433085 PMCID: PMC9693622 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremendous developments in nanotechnology have revolutionized the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) in the scientific community and, more recently, in society. Nanomaterials are by their definition materials that have at least one dimension in range of 1 to 100 nm. Nanoparticles are found in many types of different technological and scientific applications and innovations, from delicate electronics to state-of-the-art medical treatments. Medicine has recognized the importance of polymer materials coated with NPs and utilizes them widely thanks to their excellent physical, chemical, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and protective properties. Emphasis is given to their biomedical application, as the nanoscale structures are in the range of many biological molecules. Through this, they can achieve many important features such as targeted drug delivery, imaging, photo thermal therapy, and sensors. Moreover, by manipulating in a "nano-scale" range, their characteristic can be modified in order to obtain the desired properties needed in particular biomedical fields, such as electronic, optical, surface plasmon resonance, and physic-chemical features.
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6
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Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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7
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Schulte ML, Weber S, Klag L, Grunwaldt JD, Sheppard TL. Synchrotron PXRD deconvolutes nickel particle and support changes in Ni/ZrO 2 methanation catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Operando synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction deconvolutes support and metal nanoparticle changes during thermal deactivation of Ni/ZrO2 methanation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam L. Schulte
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Linda Klag
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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Mapping the coke formation within a zeolite catalyst extrudate in space and time by operando computed X-ray diffraction tomography. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Liu CH, Wright CJ, Gu R, Bandi S, Wustrow A, Todd PK, O'Nolan D, Beauvais ML, Neilson JR, Chupas PJ, Chapman KW, Billinge SJL. Validation of non-negative matrix factorization for rapid assessment of large sets of atomic pair distribution function data. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s160057672100265x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) technique is validated for automatically extracting physically relevant components from atomic pair distribution function (PDF) data from time-series data such as in situ experiments. The use of two matrix-factorization techniques, principal component analysis and NMF, on PDF data is compared in the context of a chemical synthesis reaction taking place in a synchrotron beam, applying the approach to synthetic data where the correct composition is known and on measured PDFs from previously published experimental data. The NMF approach yields mathematical components that are very close to the PDFs of the chemical components of the system and a time evolution of the weights that closely follows the ground truth. Finally, it is discussed how this would appear in a streaming context if the analysis were being carried out at the beamline as the experiment progressed.
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10
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Sprenger P, Stehle M, Gaur A, Weiß J, Brueckner D, Zhang Y, Garrevoet J, Suuronen J, Thomann M, Fischer A, Grunwaldt J, Sheppard TL. Chemical Imaging of Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Propylene Oxidation: From Model Binary Systems to Complex Multicomponent Systems. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sprenger
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Matthias Stehle
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Abhijeet Gaur
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Jana Weiß
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT) Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Dennis Brueckner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607 Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Bochum 44801 Germany
- Department Physik Universität Hamburg Hamburg 22761 Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607 Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg 22607 Germany
| | - Jussi‐Petteri Suuronen
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron Grenoble 38000 France
- Current Address: Xploraytion GmbH Berlin 10625 Germany
| | | | | | - Jan‐Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
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11
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Kochetov V, Mühlbauer MJ, Schökel A, Fischer T, Müller T, Hofmann M, Staron P, Lienert U, Petry W, Senyshyn A. Powder diffraction computed tomography: a combined synchrotron and neutron study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:105901. [PMID: 33237884 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abcdb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction and imaging using x-rays and neutrons are widely utilized in different fields of engineering, biology, chemistry and/or materials science. The additional information gained from the diffraction signal by x-ray diffraction and computed tomography (XRD-CT) can give this method a distinct advantage in materials science applications compared to classical tomography. Its active development over the last decade revealed structural details in a non-destructive way with unprecedented sensitivity. In the current contribution an attempt to adopt the well-established XRD-CT technique for neutron diffraction computed tomography (ND-CT) is reported. A specially designed 'phantom', an object displaying adaptable contrast sufficient for both XRD-CT and ND-CT, was used for method validation. The feasibility of ND-CT is demonstrated, and it is also shown that the ND-CT technique is capable to provide a non-destructive view into the interior of the 'phantom' delivering structural information consistent with a reference XRD-CT experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Kochetov
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin J Mühlbauer
- Deutsches Patent-und Markenamt, Zweibrückenstraße 12, D-80331 München, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schökel
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torben Fischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Timo Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Peter Staron
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lienert
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Petry
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
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12
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Real-time tomographic diffraction imaging of catalytic membrane reactors for the oxidative coupling of methane. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Stoica M, Sarac B, Spieckermann F, Wright J, Gammer C, Han J, Gostin PF, Eckert J, Löffler JF. X-ray Diffraction Computed Nanotomography Applied to Solve the Structure of Hierarchically Phase-Separated Metallic Glass. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2386-2398. [PMID: 33512138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structure of matter at the nanoscale, in particular that of amorphous metallic alloys, is of vital importance for functionalization. With the availability of synchrotron radiation, it is now possible to visualize the internal features of metallic samples without physically destroying them. Methods based on computed tomography have recently been employed to explore the local features. Tomographic reconstruction, while it is relatively uncomplicated for crystalline materials, may generate undesired artifacts when applied to featureless amorphous or nanostructured metallic alloys. In this study we show that X-ray diffraction computed nanotomography can provide accurate details of the internal structure of a metallic glass. We demonstrate the power of the method by applying it to a hierarchically phase-separated amorphous sample with a small volume fraction of crystalline inclusions, focusing the X-ray beam to 500 nm and ensuring a sub-micrometer 2D resolution via the number of scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Stoica
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Florian Spieckermann
- Chair of Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Jonathan Wright
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph Gammer
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Junhee Han
- Korea Institute for Rare Metals (KIRAM), Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Yeonsu-Gu, 21999 Incheon, South Korea
| | - Petre F Gostin
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Chair of Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Jörg F Löffler
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Yang L, Culbertson EA, Thomas NK, Vuong HT, Kjær ETS, Jensen KMØ, Tucker MG, Billinge SJL. A cloud platform for atomic pair distribution function analysis: PDFitc. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2021; 77:2-6. [PMID: 33399126 PMCID: PMC7842210 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273320013066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new web platform is presented for the pair distribution function (PDF) community to use and share advanced PDF analysis software in the cloud. A cloud web platform for analysis and interpretation of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) data (PDFitc) is described. The platform is able to host applications for PDF analysis to help researchers study the local and nanoscale structure of nanostructured materials. The applications are designed to be powerful and easy to use and can, and will, be extended over time through community adoption and development. The currently available PDF analysis applications, structureMining, spacegroupMining and similarityMapping, are described. In the first and second the user uploads a single PDF and the application returns a list of best-fit candidate structures, and the most likely space group of the underlying structure, respectively. In the third, the user can upload a set of measured or calculated PDFs and the application returns a matrix of Pearson correlations, allowing assessment of the similarity between different data sets. structureMining is presented here as an example to show the easy-to-use workflow on PDFitc. In the future, as well as using the PDFitc applications for data analysis, it is hoped that the community will contribute their own codes and software to the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Culbertson
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nancy K Thomas
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hung T Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emil T S Kjær
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK 2100, Denmark
| | - Matthew G Tucker
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Simon J L Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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15
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Vamvakeros A, Coelho AA, Matras D, Dong H, Odarchenko Y, Price SWT, Butler KT, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Zimmermann M, Martens I, Drnec J, Beale AM, Jacques SDM. DLSR: a solution to the parallax artefact in X-ray diffraction computed tomography data. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720013576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new tomographic reconstruction algorithm is presented, termed direct least-squares reconstruction (DLSR), which solves the well known parallax problem in X-ray-scattering-based experiments. The parallax artefact arises from relatively large samples where X-rays, scattered from a scattering angle 2θ, arrive at multiple detector elements. This phenomenon leads to loss of physico-chemical information associated with diffraction peak shape and position (i.e. altering the calculated crystallite size and lattice parameter values, respectively) and is currently the major barrier to investigating samples and devices at the centimetre level (scale-up problem). The accuracy of the DLSR algorithm has been tested against simulated and experimental X-ray diffraction computed tomography data using the TOPAS software.
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16
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Diaz-Lopez M, Cutts GL, Allan PK, Keeble DS, Ross A, Pralong V, Spiekermann G, Chater PA. Fast operando X-ray pair distribution function using the DRIX electrochemical cell. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:1190-1199. [PMID: 32876593 PMCID: PMC7467346 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752000747x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In situ electrochemical cycling combined with total scattering measurements can provide valuable structural information on crystalline, semi-crystalline and amorphous phases present during (dis)charging of batteries. In situ measurements are particularly challenging for total scattering experiments due to the requirement for low, constant and reproducible backgrounds. Poor cell design can introduce artefacts into the total scattering data or cause inhomogeneous electrochemical cycling, leading to poor data quality or misleading results. This work presents a new cell design optimized to provide good electrochemical performance while performing bulk multi-scale characterizations based on total scattering and pair distribution function methods, and with potential for techniques such as X-ray Raman spectroscopy. As an example, the structural changes of a nanostructured high-capacity cathode with a disordered rock-salt structure and composition Li4Mn2O5 are demonstrated. The results show that there is no contribution to the recorded signal from other cell components, and a very low and consistent contribution from the cell background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Diaz-Lopez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey L. Cutts
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe K. Allan
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dean S. Keeble
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Ross
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Pralong
- Narmandie Université, Ensicaen, Unicaen, CRNS, Crismat, Caen 14000, France
| | - Georg Spiekermann
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Postdam 14476, Germany
| | - Philip A. Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- The Faraday Institution, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
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17
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Real-time multi-length scale chemical tomography of fixed bed reactors during the oxidative coupling of methane reaction. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Vaughan GBM, Baker R, Barret R, Bonnefoy J, Buslaps T, Checchia S, Duran D, Fihman F, Got P, Kieffer J, Kimber SAJ, Martel K, Morawe C, Mottin D, Papillon E, Petitdemange S, Vamvakeros A, Vieux JP, Di Michiel M. ID15A at the ESRF - a beamline for high speed operando X-ray diffraction, diffraction tomography and total scattering. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:515-528. [PMID: 32153293 PMCID: PMC7842212 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519016813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ID15A is a newly refurbished beamline at the ESRF devoted to operando and time-resolved diffraction and imaging, total scattering and diffraction computed tomography. The beamline is optimized for rapid alternation between the different techniques during a single operando experiment in order to collect complementary data on working systems. The high available energy (up to 120 keV) means that even bulky and highly absorbing systems may be studied. The beamline is equipped with optimized focusing optics and a photon-counting CdTe pixel detector, allowing for both unprecedented data quality at high energy and for very rapid triggered experiments. A large choice of imaging detectors and ancillary probes and sample environments is also available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin B. M. Vaughan
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Robert Baker
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raymond Barret
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Bonnefoy
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Buslaps
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stefano Checchia
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Duran
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierrick Got
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jerôme Kieffer
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Simon A. J. Kimber
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Keith Martel
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christian Morawe
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Mottin
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emanuel Papillon
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Antonios Vamvakeros
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Finden Ltd, Building R71, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Jean-Phillipe Vieux
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jingming Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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20
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Abstract
Nanosolids usually exhibit a variety of peculiar physical features due to the size effect. The unique surface electronic states and coordination structures of nanosolids make them particularly important as promising functional materials. After several decades of research effort on the preparation processes and formation mechanisms of nanomaterials, the attention of nanoscience has been shifted to their functionalization and utilization. In the development of nanodevices, the thermal expansion matching between nanosized components is becoming increasingly important for the selection of units and design of nanodevices. In nanosolids, particularities of bonding features and coordination environments lead to size-dependent thermal expansion behavior that is significantly different from the behavior of their bulk counterparts. Thus, size tuning becomes one of the most efficient techniques in tailoring lattice thermal expansion. Unlike the traditional tailoring methods like chemical doping, the modification of chemical bonds and lattice vibration modes mainly contributing to the abnormal thermal expansion of nanosolids can be realized by adjustment of local coordination on the surface and surface/interface lattice strain. With the introduction of the nanosizing effect, the functional properties of nanosolids can be thoroughly remolded, which provides a huge space for functional applications of negative thermal expansion (NTE) nanosolids. However, understanding the origin of novel thermal expansion in nanosolids remains a challenging issue because of the lack of knowledge of precise atomic arrangements at both long-range and local structure levels. In this Account, by virtue of various advanced characterization techniques, we provide a comprehensive understanding at the atomic level of the abnormal thermal expansion behaviors in nanosized PbTiO3-based compounds, oxides, fluorides, and bimetallic alloys. Our results demonstrate that nanoscale structural features can be used to alter the spontaneous polarization, surficial/interfacial coordination, local lattice symmetry, and elemental distribution, resulting in the crossover of thermal expansion from the bulk and the generation of zero thermal expansion (ZTE). Furthermore, structural peculiarities in nanosolids, e.g., the lack of long-range coherence, abnormal surficial/interfacial bonding, lattice imperfection, and distribution of local phases, open the door for local-scale manipulations of the physical properties of electronic structure and lattice vibration during adjustment of thermal expansion. For the development of nanodevices with high thermostability, atomic-level information on the nanostructure thermal evolution provides a guideline for intelligent designs of the functional components and matrix. Understanding of the structural transformation in nanosolids will help future exploration of functional nanomaterials based on short-range atomistic design and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - He Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Gontard LC, Cauqui MÁ, Yeste MP, Ozkaya D, Calvino JJ. Accurate 3D Characterization of Catalytic Bodies Surface by Scanning Electron Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel C. Gontard
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
- Department of Informatics, ESIUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11519 Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Cauqui
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
| | - María Pilar Yeste
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
| | - Dogan Ozkaya
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blount's Court, Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - José Juan Calvino
- Department of Materials Science, Metallurgy and Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cádiz Puerto Real 11510 Spain
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22
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Šišak Jung D. An industry perspective of crystallography: its communities and its educational courses and labs. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2019.1631295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Di Michiel M, Matras D, Middelkoop V, Ismagilov IZ, Matus EV, Kuznetsov VV, Drnec J, Senecal P, Beale AM. 5D operando tomographic diffraction imaging of a catalyst bed. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4751. [PMID: 30420610 PMCID: PMC6232103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results from the first 5D tomographic diffraction imaging experiment of a complex Ni–Pd/CeO2–ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst used for methane reforming. This five-dimensional (three spatial, one scattering and one dimension to denote time/imposed state) approach enabled us to track the chemical evolution of many particles across the catalyst bed and relate these changes to the gas environment that the particles experience. Rietveld analysis of some 2 × 106 diffraction patterns allowed us to extract heterogeneities in the catalyst from the Å to the nm and to the μm scale (3D maps corresponding to unit cell lattice parameters, crystallite sizes and phase distribution maps respectively) under different chemical environments. We are able to capture the evolution of the Ni-containing species and gain a more complete insight into the multiple roles of the CeO2-ZrO2 promoters and the reasons behind the partial deactivation of the catalyst during partial oxidation of methane. Multi-scale chemical imaging holds the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the relationships between structure and functionality in complex catalytic materials. Here the authors report the results from the first 5D tomographic diffraction imaging experiment of a complex Ni – Pd/ CeO2 – ZrO2/ Al2O3 catalyst used for methane reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. .,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK. .,ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - S D M Jacques
- Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
| | - M Di Michiel
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Matras
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK.,School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - V Middelkoop
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO NV, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - I Z Ismagilov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - E V Matus
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - V V Kuznetsov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - J Drnec
- ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Senecal
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - A M Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK. .,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK. .,Finden Limited, Merchant House, 5 East St. Helens Street, Abingdon, OX14 5EG, UK.
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24
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Portela R, Perez-Ferreras S, Serrano-Lotina A, Bañares MA. Engineering operando methodology: Understanding catalysis in time and space. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Schroer CG, Agapov I, Brefeld W, Brinkmann R, Chae YC, Chao HC, Eriksson M, Keil J, Nuel Gavaldà X, Röhlsberger R, Seeck OH, Sprung M, Tischer M, Wanzenberg R, Weckert E. PETRA IV: the ultralow-emittance source project at DESY. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1277-1290. [PMID: 30179167 PMCID: PMC6140396 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518008858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The PETRA IV project aims at upgrading the present synchrotron radiation source PETRA III at DESY into an ultralow-emittance source. Being diffraction limited up to X-rays of about 10 keV, PETRA IV will be ideal for three-dimensional X-ray microscopy of biological, chemical and physical processes under realistic conditions at length scales from atomic dimensions to millimetres and time scales down to the sub-nanosecond regime. In this way, it will enable groundbreaking studies in many fields of science and industry, such as health, energy, earth and environment, mobility and information technology. The science case is reviewed and the current state of the conceptual design is summarized, discussing a reference lattice, a hybrid multi-bend achromat with an interleaved sextupole configuration based on the ESRF-EBS design, in more detail as well as alternative lattice concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Agapov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Werner Brefeld
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brinkmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yong-Chul Chae
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hung-Chun Chao
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Joachim Keil
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Nuel Gavaldà
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Seeck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Tischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Wanzenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Weckert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Quinson J, Kacenauskaite L, Christiansen TL, Vosch T, Arenz M, Jensen KMØ. Spatially Localized Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Platinum Nanocrystals Obtained Using UV Light. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10351-10356. [PMID: 30198008 PMCID: PMC6120742 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanocrystals with a fine control of the crystal domain size in the range 1.0-2.2 nm are produced by tuning the NaOH concentration during the UV-induced reduction of H2PtCl6 in surfactant-free alkaline ethylene glycol. The colloidal solutions obtained are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and pair distribution function analysis, allowing analysis of both atomic and nanoscale structures. The obtained nanoparticles exhibit a face-centered cubic crystal structure even for the smallest nanoparticles, and the cubic unit cell parameter is significantly reduced with decreasing crystallite size. It is further demonstrated how the "UV-approach" can be used to achieve spatial control of the nucleation and growth of the platinum nanocrystals, which is not possible by thermal reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Laura Kacenauskaite
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Troels L. Christiansen
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Nano-Science
Center, Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, DK-2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
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27
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Thakral NK, Zanon RL, Kelly RC, Thakral S. Applications of Powder X-Ray Diffraction in Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals: Achievements and Aspirations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2969-2982. [PMID: 30145209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction and its potential to elucidate crystal symmetry, powder X-ray diffraction has found diverse applications in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. This review summarizes significant achievements of the technique during various stages of dosage form development. Improved understanding of the principle involved and development of automated hardware and reliable software have led to increased instrumental sensitivity and improved data analysis. These advances continue to expand the applications of powder X-ray diffraction to emerging research fields such as amorphous systems, mechanistic understanding of phase transformations, and "Quality by Design" in formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger L Zanon
- Upsher-Smith Laboratories LLC, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55369
| | | | - Seema Thakral
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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28
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Sanchez DF, Simionovici AS, Lemelle L, Cuartero V, Mathon O, Pascarelli S, Bonnin A, Shapiro R, Konhauser K, Grolimund D, Bleuet P. 2D/3D Microanalysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16453. [PMID: 29184091 PMCID: PMC5705590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopic techniques have proven to be particularly useful in elucidating the molecular and electronic structural information of chemically heterogeneous and complex micro- and nano-structured materials. However, spatially resolved chemical characterization at the micrometre scale remains a challenge. Here, we report the novel hyperspectral technique of micro Energy Dispersive X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (μED-XAS) tomography which can resolve in both 2D and 3D the spatial distribution of chemical species through the reconstruction of XANES spectra. To document the capability of the technique in resolving chemical species, we first analyse a sample containing 2-30 μm grains of various ferrous- and ferric-iron containing minerals, including hypersthene, magnetite and hematite, distributed in a light matrix of a resin. We accurately obtain the XANES spectra at the Fe K-edge of these four standards, with spatial resolution of 3 μm. Subsequently, a sample of ~1.9 billion-year-old microfossil from the Gunflint Formation in Canada is investigated, and for the first time ever, we are able to locally identify the oxidation state of iron compounds encrusting the 5 to 10 μm microfossils. Our results highlight the potential for attaining new insights into Precambrian ecosystems and the composition of Earth's earliest life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre S Simionovici
- ISTerre, UGA, CNRS, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lemelle
- LGL-TPE, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR5276, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Vera Cuartero
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Mathon
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Sakura Pascarelli
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Bonnin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Russell Shapiro
- Geological and Environmental Sciences Department, CSU Chico, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Kurt Konhauser
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Pierre Bleuet
- University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054, Grenoble, France
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29
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Sottmann J, Di Michiel M, Fjellvåg H, Malavasi L, Margadonna S, Vajeeston P, Vaughan GBM, Wragg DS. Chemical Structures of Specific Sodium Ion Battery Components Determined by Operando Pair Distribution Function and X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sottmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Helmer Fjellvåg
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia and INSTM; Viale Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| | | | - Ponniah Vajeeston
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
| | | | - David S. Wragg
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
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Sottmann J, Di Michiel M, Fjellvåg H, Malavasi L, Margadonna S, Vajeeston P, Vaughan GBM, Wragg DS. Chemical Structures of Specific Sodium Ion Battery Components Determined by Operando Pair Distribution Function and X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sottmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Helmer Fjellvåg
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pavia and INSTM; Viale Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| | | | - Ponniah Vajeeston
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
| | | | - David S. Wragg
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; P.O. Box 1033 0315 Oslo Norway
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31
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Sheppard TL, Price SWT, Benzi F, Baier S, Klumpp M, Dittmeyer R, Schwieger W, Grunwaldt JD. In Situ Multimodal 3D Chemical Imaging of a Hierarchically Structured Core@Shell Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7855-7863. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Sheppard
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephen W. T. Price
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Benzi
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sina Baier
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Klumpp
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- Institute
of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- Institute
for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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32
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Senecal P, Jacques SDM, Di Michiel M, Kimber SAJ, Vamvakeros A, Odarchenko Y, Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Paterson J, Ferguson E, Beale AM. Real-Time Scattering-Contrast Imaging of a Supported Cobalt-Based Catalyst Body during Activation and Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Revealing Spatial Dependence of Particle Size and Phase on Catalytic Properties. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Senecal
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Simon D. M. Jacques
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
- University of Manchester South, I13 OX11 0DE & School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Marco Di Michiel
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Simon A. J. Kimber
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antonis Vamvakeros
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Yaroslav Odarchenko
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Ines Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - James Paterson
- BP Chemicals, Conversion Technology Centre, HRTC-DL10 Saltend, Hedon, Hull HU12 8DS, U.K
| | - Ewen Ferguson
- BP Chemicals, Conversion Technology Centre, HRTC-DL10 Saltend, Hedon, Hull HU12 8DS, U.K
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell OX11 0FA, U.K
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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33
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Birkbak ME, Nielsen IG, Frølich S, Stock SR, Kenesei P, Almer JD, Birkedal H. Concurrent determination of nanocrystal shape and amorphous phases in complex materials by diffraction scattering computed tomography. J Appl Crystallogr 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716019543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced functional materials often contain multiple phases which are (nano)crystalline and/or amorphous. The spatial distribution of these phases and their properties, including nanocrystallite size and shape, often drives material function yet is difficult to obtain with current experimental techniques. This article describes the use of diffraction scattering computed tomography, which maps wide-angle scattering information onto sample space, to address this challenge. The wide-angle scattering signal contains information on both (nano)crystalline and amorphous phases. Rietveld refinement of reconstructed diffraction patterns is employed to determine anisotropic nanocrystal shapes. The background signal from refinements is used to identify contributing amorphous phases through multivariate curve resolution. Thus it is demonstrated that reciprocal space analysis in combination with diffraction scattering computed tomography is a very powerful tool for the complete analysis of complex multiphase materials such as energy devices.
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34
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Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 128:7622-7626. [PMID: 27478278 PMCID: PMC4950131 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 993584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM 2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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35
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Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7496-500. [PMID: 27145171 PMCID: PMC4950320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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36
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Mu X, Wang D, Feng T, Kübel C. Radial distribution function imaging by STEM diffraction: Phase mapping and analysis of heterogeneous nanostructured glasses. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 168:1-6. [PMID: 27236215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing heterogeneous nanostructured amorphous materials is a challenging topic, because of difficulty to solve disordered atomic arrangement in nanometer scale. We developed a new transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method to enable phase analysis and mapping of heterogeneous amorphous structures. That is to combine scanning TEM (STEM) diffraction mapping, radial distribution function (RDF) analysis, and hyperspectral analysis. This method was applied to an amorphous zirconium oxide and zirconium iron multilayer system, and showed extreme sensitivity to small atomic packing variations. This approach helps to understand local structure variations in glassy composite materials and provides new insights to correlate structure and properties of glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Mu
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Di Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tao Feng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), 210094 Nanjing, China
| | - Christian Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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37
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Thakral S, Terban MW, Thakral NK, Suryanarayanan R. Recent advances in the characterization of amorphous pharmaceuticals by X-ray diffractometry. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 100:183-93. [PMID: 26712710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For poorly water soluble drugs, the amorphous state provides an avenue to enhance oral bioavailability. The preparation method, in addition to sample history, can dictate the nature and the stability of the amorphous phase. Conventionally, X-ray powder diffractometry is of limited utility for characterization, but structural insights into amorphous and nanocrystalline materials have been enabled by coupling X-ray total scattering with the pair distribution function. This has shown great promise for fingerprinting, quantification, and even modeling of amorphous pharmaceutical systems. A consequence of the physical instability of amorphous phases is their crystallization propensity, and recent instrumental advances have substantially enhanced our ability to detect and quantify crystallization in a variety of complex matrices. The International Centre for Diffraction Data has a collection of the X-ray diffraction patterns of amorphous drugs and excipients and, based on the available supporting information, provides a quality mark of the data.
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38
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Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Di Michiel M, Senecal P, Middelkoop V, Cernik RJ, Beale AM. Interlaced X-ray diffraction computed tomography. J Appl Crystallogr 2016; 49:485-496. [PMID: 27047305 PMCID: PMC4815873 DOI: 10.1107/s160057671600131x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An X-ray diffraction computed tomography data-collection strategy that allows, post experiment, a choice between temporal and spatial resolution is reported. This strategy enables time-resolved studies on comparatively short timescales, or alternatively allows for improved spatial resolution if the system under study, or components within it, appear to be unchanging. The application of the method for studying an Mn-Na-W/SiO2 fixed-bed reactor in situ is demonstrated. Additionally, the opportunities to improve the data-collection strategy further, enabling post-collection tuning between statistical, temporal and spatial resolutions, are discussed. In principle, the interlaced scanning approach can also be applied to other pencil-beam tomographic techniques, like X-ray fluorescence computed tomography, X-ray absorption fine structure computed tomography, pair distribution function computed tomography and tomographic scanning transmission X-ray microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, England
| | - Simon D. M. Jacques
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, England
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England
| | | | - Pierre Senecal
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, England
| | - Vesna Middelkoop
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO NV, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Robert J. Cernik
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, England
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39
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Cersoy S, Martinetto P, Bordet P, Hodeau JL, Van Elslande E, Walter P. Identifying and quantifying amorphous and crystalline content in complex powdered samples: application to archaeological carbon blacks. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716003551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon black materials have been frequently used from prehistory as pigments for drawings and paintings and also as dyes, inks and cosmetics, since they are easy to make by burning organic matter. However, the carbonaceous phases they form are often ill-ordered and not easy to characterize. Five carbon black Roman micro samples found in vessels in houses in Pompeii were studied. These precious powders correspond to mixed phase samples that contain both crystalline and ill-ordered components. Here, a methodological approach that accomplishes the identification, quantification and mapping of the different phases in these heterogeneous samples using synchrotron-based techniques is proposed. The results were compared with those from scanning electron microscopy. Information about the nature of the mixtures and the origin of carbon black pigments is obtained. The use of charred vegetable materials is concluded, independently of the shape and the nature of the container.
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40
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Herbert JJ, Senecal P, Martin DJ, Bras W, Beaumont SK, Beale AM. X-ray spectroscopic and scattering methods applied to the characterisation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00581k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to critically assess the use of X-ray techniques, both of a scattering (e.g. X-ray diffraction (XRD), pair distribution function (PDF)) and spectroscopic nature (X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS)), in the study of cobalt-based Fisher–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - Pierre Senecal
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - David J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
| | - Wim Bras
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
- DUBBLE CRG@ESRF
- Grenoble 38042
- France
| | | | - Andrew M. Beale
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Complex at Harwell
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41
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Birkbak ME, Leemreize H, Frølich S, Stock SR, Birkedal H. Diffraction scattering computed tomography: a window into the structures of complex nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18402-10. [PMID: 26505175 PMCID: PMC4727839 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern functional nanomaterials and devices are increasingly composed of multiple phases arranged in three dimensions over several length scales. Therefore there is a pressing demand for improved methods for structural characterization of such complex materials. An excellent emerging technique that addresses this problem is diffraction/scattering computed tomography (DSCT). DSCT combines the merits of diffraction and/or small angle scattering with computed tomography to allow imaging the interior of materials based on the diffraction or small angle scattering signals. This allows, e.g., one to distinguish the distributions of polymorphs in complex mixtures. Here we review this technique and give examples of how it can shed light on modern nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Birkbak
- iNANO and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 14 Gustav Wieds Vej, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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42
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Egan CK, Jacques SDM, Wilson MD, Veale MC, Seller P, Beale AM, Pattrick RAD, Withers PJ, Cernik RJ. 3D chemical imaging in the laboratory by hyperspectral X-ray computed tomography. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15979. [PMID: 26514938 PMCID: PMC4626840 DOI: 10.1038/srep15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of laboratory based hyperspectral X-ray computed tomography which allows the internal elemental chemistry of an object to be reconstructed and visualised in three dimensions. The method employs a spectroscopic X-ray imaging detector with sufficient energy resolution to distinguish individual elemental absorption edges. Elemental distributions can then be made by K-edge subtraction, or alternatively by voxel-wise spectral fitting to give relative atomic concentrations. We demonstrate its application to two material systems: studying the distribution of catalyst material on porous substrates for industrial scale chemical processing; and mapping of minerals and inclusion phases inside a mineralised ore sample. The method makes use of a standard laboratory X-ray source with measurement times similar to that required for conventional computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Egan
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S. D. M. Jacques
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - M. D. Wilson
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - M. C. Veale
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - P. Seller
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - A. M. Beale
- UK Catalysis Hub, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - R. A. D. Pattrick
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P. J. Withers
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R. J. Cernik
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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43
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Vamvakeros A, Jacques SDM, Middelkoop V, Di Michiel M, Egan CK, Ismagilov IZ, Vaughan GBM, Gallucci F, van Sint Annaland M, Shearing PR, Cernik RJ, Beale AM. Real time chemical imaging of a working catalytic membrane reactor during oxidative coupling of methane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12752-5. [PMID: 26041252 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the results from an operando XRD-CT study of a working catalytic membrane reactor for the oxidative coupling of methane. These results reveal the importance of the evolving solid state chemistry during catalytic reaction, particularly the chemical interaction between the catalyst and the oxygen transport membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vamvakeros
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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44
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Juhás P, Farrow C, Yang X, Knox K, Billinge S. Complex modeling: a strategy and software program for combining multiple information sources to solve ill posed structure and nanostructure inverse problems. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES 2015; 71:562-8. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273315014473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A strategy is described for regularizing ill posed structure and nanostructure scattering inverse problems (i.e.structure solution) from complex material structures. This paper describes both the philosophy and strategy of the approach, and a software implementation, DiffPy Complex Modeling Infrastructure (DiffPy-CMI).
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Price SWT, Geraki K, Ignatyev K, Witte PT, Beale AM, Mosselmans JFW. In Situ Microfocus Chemical Computed Tomography of the Composition of a Single Catalyst Particle During Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in the Liquid Phase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9886-9. [PMID: 26140613 PMCID: PMC4600245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis performed in the liquid phase is an important type of catalytic process which is rarely studied in situ. Using microfocus X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction computed tomography (μ-XRF-CT, μ-XRD-CT) in combination with X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), we have determined the active state of a Mo-promoted Pt/C catalyst (NanoSelect) for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene under standard operating conditions. First, μ-XRF-CT and μ-XRD-CT reveal the active state of Pt catalyst to be reduced, noncrystalline, and evenly dispersed across the support surface. Second, imaging of the Pt and Mo distribution reveals they are highly stable on the support and not prone to leaching during the reaction. This study demonstrates the ability of chemical computed tomography to image the nature and spatial distribution of catalysts under reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W T Price
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE (UK).
| | - Kalotina Geraki
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE (UK)
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE (UK)
| | - Peter T Witte
- Catalysis Research GCC/PB, BASF Nederland B.V. Strijkviertel 67, 3454 ZG, De Meern (The Netherlands)
| | - Andrew M Beale
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0FA (UK).
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ (UK).
| | - J Fred W Mosselmans
- Science Division, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0DE (UK)
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Billinge SJL. Atomic pair distribution function: a revolution in the characterization of nanostructured pharmaceuticals. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2473-5. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon JL Billinge
- Department of Applied Physics & Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Condensed Matter Physics & Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Price SWT, Geraki K, Ignatyev K, Witte PT, Beale AM, Mosselmans JFW. In Situ Microfocus Chemical Computed Tomography of the Composition of a Single Catalyst Particle During Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in the Liquid Phase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Catlow CRA. Recent developments in the structural science of materials. IUCRJ 2015; 2:384-6. [PMID: 26175897 PMCID: PMC4491309 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252515010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Editorial surveys the current status and recent developments in the structural science of materials as exemplified by the articles recently published in IUCrJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. A. Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Morgan K, Goguet A, Hardacre C. Metal Redispersion Strategies for Recycling of Supported Metal Catalysts: A Perspective. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morgan
- CenTACat, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David
Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Goguet
- CenTACat, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David
Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- CenTACat, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David
Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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50
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Catlow CRA. Synchrotron radiation techniques in materials and environmental science. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2013.0162. [PMID: 25624522 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Richard A Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 21 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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