1
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Liu Y, Xu B, Li Y, Quek SY, Huang K. Eco-Friendly and Self-Sanitizing Microporous Cellulose Sponge (MCS)-Based Cooling Media for Mitigating Microbial Cross-Contamination in the Food Cold Chain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309753. [PMID: 38544489 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining precise temperature control is vital for cold chain food transport, as temperature fluctuations can cause significant food safety and quality issues. During transport, ice that melts can promote the growth of microbes and their spread, resulting in microbial cross-contamination. This study developed sustainable, non-melting, self-sanitizing "ice cubes" using food grade compositions including microporous cellulose sponges (MCS) and photosensitizers, aimed at enhancing temperature regulation and minimizing microbial contamination in the cold chain. Upon absorbing water, the MCS matched traditional ice in cooling efficiency and heat absorption and exhibit remarkable mechanical and thermal durability, withstanding multiple freeze-thaw cycles and compressive stresses. The cationic MCS combined with erythrosine B demonstrated strong self-sanitizing capabilities, effectively reducing microbial cross-contamination in food models. Additionally, the release rates of photosensitizers from the MCS can be modulated by altering environmental ionic strength. This research offers viable solutions to address microbial cross-contamination challenges in current cold chain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Boyang Xu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yingxin Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Siew-Young Quek
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kang Huang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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2
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An S, Cao Y, Jiang H. A mechanically robust and facile shape morphing using tensile-induced buckling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado8431. [PMID: 38781341 PMCID: PMC11114219 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the adaptive mechanisms observed in biological organisms, shape-morphing soft structures have emerged as promising platforms for many applications. In this study, we present a shape-morphing strategy to overcome existing limitations of the intricate fabrication process and the lack of mechanical robustness against mechanical perturbations. Our method uses tensile-induced buckling, achieved by attaching restraining strips to a stretchable substrate. When the substrate is stretched, the stiffness mismatch between the restraining strips and the substrate, and the Poisson's effect on the substrate cause the restraining strips to buckle, thereby transforming initially flat shapes into intricate three-dimensional (3D) configurations. Guided by an inverse design method, we demonstrate the capability to achieve complicated and diverse 3D shapes. Leveraging shape morphing, we further develop soft grippers exhibiting outstanding universality, high grasping efficiencies, and exceptional durability. Our proposed shape-morphing strategy is scalable and material-independent, holding notable potential for applications in soft robotics, haptics, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi An
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yajun Cao
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Hanqing Jiang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
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3
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Wang Y, Ye H, He J, Ge Q, Xiong Y. Electrothermally controlled origami fabricated by 4D printing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2322. [PMID: 38485752 PMCID: PMC10940589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Active origami capable of precise deployment control, enabling on-demand modulation of its properties, is highly desirable in multi-scenario and multi-task applications. While 4D printing with shape memory composites holds great promise to realize such active origami, it still faces challenges such as low load-bearing capacity and limited transformable states. Here, we report a fabrication-design-actuation method of precisely controlled electrothermal origami with excellent mechanical performance and spatiotemporal controllability, utilizing 4D printing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites. The incorporation of continuous carbon fibers empowers electrothermal origami with a controllable actuation process via Joule heating, increased actuation force through improved heat conduction, and enhanced mechanical properties as a result of reinforcement. By modeling the multi-physical and highly nonlinear deploying process, we attain precise control over the active origami, allowing it to be reconfigured and locked into any desired configuration by manipulating activation parameters. Furthermore, we showcase the versatility of electrothermal origami by constructing reconfigurable robots, customizable architected materials, and programmable wings, which broadens the practical engineering applications of origami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wang
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haitao Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian He
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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4
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Leanza S, Wu S, Sun X, Qi HJ, Zhao RR. Active Materials for Functional Origami. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302066. [PMID: 37120795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures. These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward various areas such as aerospace, metamaterial, biomedical, robotics, and architectural applications. Conventionally, origami or deployable structures have been actuated by hands, motors, or pneumatic actuators, which can result in heavy or bulky structures. On the other hand, active materials, which reconfigure in response to external stimulus, eliminate the need for external mechanical loads and bulky actuation systems. Thus, in recent years, active materials incorporated with deployable structures have shown promise for remote actuation of light weight, programmable origami. In this review, active materials such as shape memory polymers (SMPs) and alloys (SMAs), hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), magnetic soft materials (MSMs), and covalent adaptable network (CAN) polymers, their actuation mechanisms, as well as how they have been utilized for active origami and where these structures are applicable is discussed. Additionally, the state-of-the-art fabrication methods to construct active origami are highlighted. The existing structural modeling strategies for origami, the constitutive models used to describe active materials, and the largest challenges and future directions for active origami research are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaohao Sun
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ruike Renee Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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5
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Zou B, Liang Z, Zhong D, Cui Z, Xiao K, Shao S, Ju J. Magneto-Thermomechanically Reprogrammable Mechanical Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207349. [PMID: 36385420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Future active metamaterials for reconfigurable structural applications require fast, untethered, reversible, and reprogrammable (multimodal) transformability with shape locking. Magnetic control has a superior advantage for fast and remotely controlled deployment; however, a significant drawback is needed to maintain the magnetic force to hold the transformation, limiting its use in structural applications. The shape-locking property of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) can resolve this issue. However, the intrinsic irreversibility of SMPs may limit their reconfigurability as active metamaterials. Moreover, to date, reprogrammable methods have required high power with laser and arc welding proving to be energy-inefficient control methods. In this work, a magneto-thermomechanical tool is constructed and demonstrated, which enables a single material system to transform with untethered, reversible, low-powered reprogrammable deformations, and shape locking via the application of magneto-thermomechanically triggered prestress on the SMP and structural instability with asymmetric magnetic torque. The mutual assistance of two physics concepts-magnetic control combined with the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs is demonstrated, without requiring new materials synthesis and high-power energy for reprogramming. This approach can open a new path of active metamaterials, flexible yet stiff soft robots, multimodal morphing structures, and mechanical computing devices where it can be designed in reversible and reprogrammable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Zou
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zihe Liang
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dijia Zhong
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shuang Shao
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jaehyung Ju
- UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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6
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Li J, Liang Z, Chen K, Zhang X, Kang G, Kan Q. Thermo-mechanical deformation for thermo-induced shape memory polymers at equilibrium and non-equilibrium temperatures: Experiment and simulation. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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7
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Li Z, Li H, Zhu X, Peng Z, Zhang G, Yang J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang R, Zhang J, Yang Z, Yi H, Lan H. Directly Printed Embedded Metal Mesh for Flexible Transparent Electrode via Liquid Substrate Electric-Field-Driven Jet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105331. [PMID: 35233960 PMCID: PMC9108624 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with embedded metal meshes play an indispensable role in many optoelectronic devices due to their excellent mechanical stability and environmental adaptability. However, low-cost, simple, efficient, and environmental friendly integrated manufacturing of high-performance embedded metal meshes remains a huge challenge. Here, a facile and novel fabrication method is proposed for FTEs with an embedded metal mesh via liquid substrateelectric-field-driven microscale 3D printing process. This direct printing strategy avoids tedious processes and offers low-cost and high-volume production, enabling the fabrication of high-resolution, high-aspect ratio embedded metal meshes without sacrificing transparency. The final manufactured FTEs with 80 mm × 80 mm embedded metal mesh offers excellent optoelectronic performance with a sheet resistance (Rs ) of 6 Ω sq-1 and a transmittance (T) of 85.79%. The embedded metal structure still has excellent mechanical stability and good environmental suitability under different harsh working conditions. The practical feasibility of the FTEs is successfully demonstrated with a thermally driven 4D printing structure and a resistive transparent strain sensor. This method can be used to manufacture large areas with facile, high-efficiency, low-cost, and high-performance FTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of EducationQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Hongke Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of EducationQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of EducationQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Zilong Peng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Yuan‐Fang Zhang
- Shien‐Ming Wu School of Intelligent EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou511442China
| | - Luanfa Sun
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Zhongming Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and ApplicationShandong UniversityQingdao266327China
| | - Hao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical TransmissionChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China
| | - Hongbo Lan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
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8
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Hwang D, Barron EJ, Haque ABMT, Bartlett MD. Shape morphing mechanical metamaterials through reversible plasticity. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabg2171. [PMID: 35138882 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abg2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biological organisms such as the octopus can reconfigure their shape and properties to perform diverse tasks. However, soft machines struggle to achieve complex configurations, morph into shape to support loads, and go between multiple states reversibly. Here, we introduce a multifunctional shape-morphing material with reversible and rapid polymorphic reconfigurability. We couple elastomeric kirigami with an unconventional reversible plasticity mechanism in metal alloys to rapidly (<0.1 seconds) morph flat sheets into complex, load-bearing shapes, with reversibility and self-healing through phase change. This kirigami composite overcomes trade-offs in deformability and load-bearing capacity and eliminates power requirements to sustain reconfigured shapes. We demonstrate this material through integration with onboard control, motors, and power to create a soft robotic morphing drone, which autonomously transforms from a ground to air vehicle and an underwater morphing machine, which can be reversibly deployed to collect cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohgyu Hwang
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Edward J Barron
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - A B M Tahidul Haque
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michael D Bartlett
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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9
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Li Z, Chen Z, Gao Y, Xing Y, Zhou Y, Luo Y, Xu W, Chen Z, Gao X, Gupta K, Anbalakan K, Chen L, Liu C, Kong J, Leo HL, Hu C, Yu H, Guo Q. Shape memory micro-anchors with magnetic guidance for precision micro-vascular deployment. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Luo C, Chung C, Yakacki CM, Long K, Yu K. Real-Time Alignment and Reorientation of Polymer Chains in Liquid Crystal Elastomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1961-1972. [PMID: 34931796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit soft elasticity due to the alignment and reorientation of mesogens upon mechanical loading, which provides additional mechanisms to absorb and dissipate energy. This enhanced response makes LCEs potentially transformative materials for biomedical devices, tissue replacements, and protective equipment. However, there is a critical knowledge gap in understanding the highly rate-dependent dissipative behaviors of LCEs due to the lack of real-time characterization techniques that probe the microscale network structure and link it to the mechanical deformation of LCEs. In this work, we employ in situ optical measurements to evaluate the alignment and reorientation degree of mesogens in LCEs. The data are correlated to the quantitative physical analysis using polarized Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The time scale of mesogen alignment is determined at different strain levels and loading rates. The mesogen reorientation kinetics is characterized to establish its relationship with the macroscale tensile strain, and compared to theoretical predictions. Overall, this work provides the first detailed study on the time-dependent evolution of mesogen alignment and reorientation in deformed LCEs. It also provides an effective and more accessible approach for other researchers to investigate the structural-property relationships of different types of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqian Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
| | - Christopher Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
| | - Christopher M Yakacki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
| | - Kevin Long
- Materials and Failure Modeling Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, United States
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11
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Jabbari V, Yurkiv V, Rasul MG, Cheng M, Griffin P, Mashayek F, Shahbazian-Yassar R. A Smart Lithium Battery with Shape Memory Function. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2102666. [PMID: 34859587 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly growing flexible and wearable electronics highly demand the development of flexible energy storage devices. Yet, these devices are susceptible to extreme, repeated mechanical deformations under working circumstances. Herein, the design and fabrication of a smart, flexible Li-ion battery with shape memory function, which has the ability to restore its shape against severe mechanical deformations, bending, twisting, rolling or elongation, is reported. The shape memory function is induced by the integration of a shape-adjustable solid polymer electrolyte. This Li-ion battery delivers a specific discharge capacity of ≈140 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C charge/discharge rate with ≈92% capacity retention after 100 cycles and ≈99.85% Coulombic efficiency, at 20 °C. Besides recovery from mechanical deformations, it is visually demonstrated that the shape of this smart battery can be programmed to adjust itself in response to an internal/external heat stimulus for task-specific and advanced applications. Considering the vast range of available shape memory polymers with tunable chemistry, physical, and mechanical characteristics, this study offers a promising approach for engineering smart batteries responsive to unfavorable internal or external stimulus, with potential to have a broad impact on other energy storage technologies in different sizes and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Jabbari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Vitaliy Yurkiv
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Md Golam Rasul
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Philip Griffin
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Farzad Mashayek
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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12
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Patdiya J, Kandasubramanian B. Progress in 4D printing of stimuli responsive materials. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1934016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Patdiya
- Rapid Prototyping Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Rapid Prototyping Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune India
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13
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Zhang YF, Li Z, Li H, Li H, Xiong Y, Zhu X, Lan H, Ge Q. Fractal-Based Stretchable Circuits via Electric-Field-Driven Microscale 3D Printing for Localized Heating of Shape Memory Polymers in 4D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41414-41423. [PMID: 33779155 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermally responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) used in 4D printing are often reported to be activated by external heat sources or embedded stiff heaters. However, such heating strategies impede the practical application of 4D printing due to the lack of precise control over heating or the limited ability to accommodate the stretching during shape programming. Herein, we propose a novel 4D printing paradigm by fabricating stretchable heating circuits with fractal motifs via electric-field-driven microscale 3D printing of conductive paste for seamless integration into 3D printed structures with SMP components. By regulating the fractal order and printing/processing parameters, the overall electrical resistance and areal coverage of the circuits can be tuned to produce an efficient and uniform heating performance. Compared with serpentine structures, the resistance of fractal-based circuits remains relatively stable under both uniaxial and biaxial stretching. In practice, steady-state and transient heating modes can be respectively used during the shape programming and actuation phases. We demonstrate that this approach is suitable for 4D printed structures with shape programming by either uniaxial or biaxial stretching. Notably, the biaxial stretchability of fractal-based heating circuits enables the shape change between a planar structure and a 3D one with double curvature. The proposed strategy would offer more freedom in designing 4D printed structures and enable the manipulation of the latter in a controlled and selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Hongke Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Honggeng Li
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Hongbo Lan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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14
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Wortmann FJ, Jones C, Davies TJ, Wortmann G. Perm-waved human hair: a thermorheologically complex shape memory composite. Biophys J 2021; 120:3831-3840. [PMID: 34214523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A "permanent" bent shape can be imposed on a straight human hair by a two-stage reduction/oxidation (perm-waving) process. The process relies on the molecular level on sulfhydryl/disulfide interchange as bond exchange reaction (BER). We expected a well-documented transition temperature around 60°C to be the trigger for the shape memory (SM) process of perm-waved hair. We confirm the existence of the SM process as such and investigate its time and temperature dependence. The results show a two-stage SM behavior, implying two distinct variations of the BER. The model to fit the data contains two fractional, normalized, elastic bending rigidities, which are strictly compensatory. They show Arrhenius-type temperature dependence and a common activation energy (EA) of ∼-12 kJ/mol. The characteristic relaxation time for the first SM process shows little, if any, temperature dependence (EA = -4 ± 2.7 kJ/mol). This is in contrast to the second process (EA = -58 ± 5.5 kJ/mol) but in line with the expected properties of the suggested BERs. None of the parameters shows any sign of the expected trigger transition (∼60°C). We hypothesize that this specific transition occurs only for large tensile deformations, when specific SS bonds in the intermediate filaments of hair are activated. There is thus no specific "trigger" transition for the SM behavior of bent, perm-waved hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz J Wortmann
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Celina Jones
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Davies
- School of Design, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Wortmann
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Johari MAF, Mazlan SA, Nasef MM, Ubaidillah U, Nordin NA, Aziz SAA, Johari N, Nazmi N. Microstructural behavior of magnetorheological elastomer undergoing durability evaluation by stress relaxation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10936. [PMID: 34035434 PMCID: PMC8149425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) materials in various applications has yet to be limited due to the fact that there are substantial deficiencies in current experimental and theoretical research on its microstructural durability behavior. In this study, MRE composed of silicon rubber (SR) and 70 wt% of micron-sized carbonyl iron particles (CIP) was prepared and subjected to stress relaxation evaluation by torsional shear load. The microstructure and particle distribution of the obtained MRE was evaluated by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The influence of constant low strain at 0.01% is the continuing concern within the linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of MRE. Stress relaxation plays a significant role in the life cycle of MRE and revealed that storage modulus was reduced by 8.7%, normal force has weakened by 27%, and stress performance was reduced by 6.88% along approximately 84,000 s test duration time. This time scale was the longest ever reported being undertaken in the MRE stress relaxation study. Novel micro-mechanisms that responsible for the depleted performance of MRE was obtained by microstructurally observation using FESEM and in-phase mode of atomic force microscope (AFM). Attempts have been made to correlate strain localization produced by stress relaxation, with molecular deformation in MRE amorphous matrix. Exceptional attention was focused on the development of molecular slippage, disentanglement, microplasticity, microphase separation, and shear bands. The relation between these microstructural phenomena and the viscoelastic properties of MRE was diffusely defined and discussed. The presented MRE is homogeneous with uniform distribution of CIP. The most significant recent developments of systematic correlation between the effects of microstructural deformation and durability performance of MRE under stress relaxation has been observed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) ikhoza, Malaysia-Japan, International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) ikhoza, Malaysia-Japan, International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - U Ubaidillah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, J1. Ir. Sutami 36A, Ketingan, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia.
| | - Nur Azmah Nordin
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) ikhoza, Malaysia-Japan, International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) ikhoza, Malaysia-Japan, International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhasnidawani Johari
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) ikhoza, Malaysia-Japan, International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) ikhoza, Malaysia-Japan, International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Hua J, Liu C, Ng PF, Fei B. Bacterial cellulose reinforced double-network hydrogels for shape memory strand. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Bai R, Ocegueda E, Bhattacharya K. Photochemical-induced phase transitions in photoactive semicrystalline polymers. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:033003. [PMID: 33862748 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The emergent photoactive materials obtained through photochemistry make it possible to directly convert photon energy to mechanical work. There has been much recent work in developing appropriate materials, and a promising system is semicrystalline polymers of the photoactive molecule azobenzene. We develop a phase field model with two order parameters for the crystal-melt transition and the trans-cis photoisomerization to understand such materials, and the model describes the rich phenomenology. We find that the photoreaction rate depends sensitively on temperature: At temperatures below the crystal-melt transition temperature, photoreaction is collective, requires a critical light intensity, and shows an abrupt first-order phase transition manifesting nucleation and growth; at temperatures above the transition temperature, photoreaction is independent and follows first-order kinetics. Further, the phase transition depends significantly on the exact forms of spontaneous strain during the crystal-melt and trans-cis transitions. A nonmonotonic change of photopersistent cis ratio with increasing temperature is observed accompanied by a reentrant crystallization of trans below the melting temperature. A pseudo phase diagram is subsequently presented with varying temperature and light intensity along with the resulting actuation strain. These insights can assist the further development of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Bai
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Eric Ocegueda
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Kaushik Bhattacharya
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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18
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Structural multi-colour invisible inks with submicron 4D printing of shape memory polymers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:112. [PMID: 33397969 PMCID: PMC7782480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing of shape memory polymer (SMP) imparts time responsive properties to 3D structures. Here, we explore 4D printing of a SMP in the submicron length scale, extending its applications to nanophononics. We report a new SMP photoresist based on Vero Clear achieving print features at a resolution of ~300 nm half pitch using two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL). Prints consisting of grids with size-tunable multi-colours enabled the study of shape memory effects to achieve large visual shifts through nanoscale structure deformation. As the nanostructures are flattened, the colours and printed information become invisible. Remarkably, the shape memory effect recovers the original surface morphology of the nanostructures along with its structural colour within seconds of heating above its glass transition temperature. The high-resolution printing and excellent reversibility in both microtopography and optical properties promises a platform for temperature-sensitive labels, information hiding for anti-counterfeiting, and tunable photonic devices.
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19
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Kuang X, Roach DJ, Hamel CM, Yu K, Qi HJ. Materials, design, and fabrication of shape programmable polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/aba1d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Di Bartolo A, Melchels FPW. Prolonged recovery of 3D printed, photo-cured polylactide shape memory polymer networks. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:036105. [PMID: 32844139 PMCID: PMC7442493 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymers are materials that are able to retain a deformed state until an external stimulus, most typically heat, triggers recovery to the original geometry. Whereas typically, shape memory polymers are required to recover fast (seconds to minutes), many applications, particularly in the medical field, would benefit from a slow recovery (days to weeks). In this work, we exploit the broad glass transition range of photo-cured poly(D,L-lactide) dimethacrylate networks to obtain recovery times of up to 2 weeks, at 11 °C below the peak glass transition temperature of 58 °C. Recovery times decreased considerably for higher recovery temperatures, down to ∼10 min at 55 °C. A large spread in glass transition values (53.3-61.0 °C) was observed between samples, indicating poor reproducibility in sample preparation and, hence, in predicting shape recovery kinetics for individual samples. Furthermore, a staged recovery was observed with different parts of the samples recovering at different times. The ability to prepare complex structures using digital light processing stereolithography 3D printing from these polymers was confirmed. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first experimental evidence of prolonged recovery of shape memory polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Di Bartolo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ferry P. W. Melchels
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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21
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Shen J, Chen T, Huang Y, Jin Q, Ji J. New Morphogenetic Strategy Inspired by the Viscoelasticity of Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36620-36627. [PMID: 32677820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new morphogenetic strategy was developed to realize continuously modulated and reprogrammable three-dimensional shape transitions by fully exploring the potential of macromolecular conformational modulations. Geometric information was defined in the planar shape memory polymeric sheets through the application of spatially differentiated thermo-temporal conditions in the shape memory creation stage. Due to the viscoelasticity of polymers, nonuniform inner stress distribution was encoded in spite of the homogeneous composition, which was released under the activation of uniform heating. Compared to the traditional shape-programming strategies, the present research offered the opportunity to generate physical patterns by modulating the thermal histories of polymers. It brought the advantages of a continuously regulated degree of discrepancy between different regions, which enabled fine-tuning of the targeted three-dimensional (3D) shape. In addition, suitable annealing treatment could lead to the elimination of thermal history. That is, the geometric information could be erased and re-encoded, making unlimited diverse 3D structures from the same piece of polymer a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieze Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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22
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Zhang F, Xia Y, Liu Y, Leng J. Nano/microstructures of shape memory polymers: from materials to applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1155-1173. [PMID: 32567643 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are macromolecules in which linear chains and crosslinking points play a key role in providing a shape memory effect. As smart polymers, SMPs have the ability to change shape, stiffness, size, and structure when exposed to external stimuli, leading to potential uses for SMPs throughout our daily lives in a diverse range of areas including the aerospace and automotive industries, robotics, biomedical engineering, smart textiles, and tactile devices. SMPs can be fabricated in many forms and sizes from the nanoscale to the macroscale, including nanofibers, nanoparticles, thin films, microfoams, and bulk devices. The introduction of nanostructure into SMPs can result in enhanced mechanical properties, unique structural color, specific surface area, and multiple functions. It is necessary to enhance the current understanding of the various nano/microstructures of SMPs and their fabrication, and to find suitable approaches for constructing SMP-based nano/microstructures for different applications. In this review, we summarize the current state of different SMP nano/microstructures, fabrication techniques, and applications, and give suggestions for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Enviroments, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
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23
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Two-Way and Multiple-Way Shape Memory Polymers for Soft Robotics: An Overview. ACTUATORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/act9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials capable of changing their shapes in a predefined manner under a proper applied stimulus and have gained considerable interest in several application fields. Particularly, two-way and multiple-way SMPs offer unique opportunities to realize untethered soft robots with programmable morphology and/or properties, repeatable actuation, and advanced multi-functionalities. This review presents the recent progress of soft robots based on two-way and multiple-way thermo-responsive SMPs. All the building blocks important for the design of such robots, i.e., the base materials, manufacturing processes, working mechanisms, and modeling and simulation tools, are covered. Moreover, examples of real-world applications of soft robots and related actuators, challenges, and future directions are discussed.
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24
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Li H, Zhang B, Yu K, Yuan C, Zhou C, Dunn ML, Qi HJ, Shi Q, Wei QH, Liu J, Ge Q. Influence of treating parameters on thermomechanical properties of recycled epoxy-acid vitrimers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1668-1677. [PMID: 31967174 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitrimers have the characteristics of shape-reforming and surface-welding, and have the same excellent mechanical properties as thermosets; so vitrimers hold the promise of a broad alternative to traditional plastics. Since their initial introduction in 2011, vitrimers have been applied to many unique applications such as reworkable composites and liquid crystal elastomer actuators. A series of experiments have investigated the effects of reprocessing conditions (such as temperature, time, and pressure) on recycled materials. However, the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of recycled materials has not been reported. In this paper, we conducted an experimental study on the recovery of epoxy-acid vitrimers of different particle sizes. Epoxy-acid vitrimer powders with different particle size distributions were prepared and characterized. The effects of particle size on the mechanical properties of regenerated epoxy-acid vitrimers were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and uniaxial tensile tests. In addition, other processing parameters such as temperature, time, and pressure are discussed, as well as their interaction with particle size. This study helped to refine the vitrimer reprocessing condition parameter toolbox, providing experimental support for the easy and reliable control of the kinetics of the bond exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China and Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Biao Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore and Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA.
| | - Chao Yuan
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Martin L Dunn
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore and College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA.
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, 63745-7 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi-Huo Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qi Ge
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore and Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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25
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Synthesis of strong and highly stretchable, electrically conductive hydrogel with multiple stimuli responsive shape memory behavior. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Shen B, Erol O, Fang L, Kang SH. Programming the time into 3D printing: current advances and future directions in 4D printing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2399-7532/ab54ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Park JY, Lee JB, Shin WB, Kang ML, Shin YC, Son DH, Yi SW, Yoon JK, Kim JY, Ko J, Kim CS, Yoon JS, Sung HJ. Nasolacrimal stent with shape memory as an advanced alternative to silicone products. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:273-284. [PMID: 31707084 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Epiphora is the overflow of tears typically caused by obstruction or occlusion of the nasolacrimal duct. More attention is required to address this global health issue owing to the increase in air pollution. Implantation of a silicone stent is the preferred treatment for epiphora; however, introducing a silicone stent into a narrow duct with complex geometry is challenging as it requires guidance by a sharp metal needle. Additionally, silicone can cause adverse reactions such as biofilm formation and tear flow resistance due to its extreme hydrophobicity. To overcome these problems, in this study we developed a new type of biocompatible shape memory polymer (SMP) stent with elasticity capacity for self-expansion. First, SMPs in the form of x%poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-y%poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (x%PCL-y%PGMA) were synthesized via ring opening polymerization by varying the molar ratio of PCL (x%) and PGMA (y%). Second, the shape memory and mechanical properties were tuned by controlling the crosslinking degree and concentration of x%PCL-y%PGMA solution to produce a test type of SMP stent. Lastly, this 94%PCL-06%PGMA stent exhibited more standout critical functions in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments such as a cell growth-supporting level of biocompatibility with nasal epithelial cells without significant inflammatory responses, better resistance to biofilm formation, and more efficient capacity to drain tear than the silicone control. Overall, 94%PCL-06%PGMA can be suggested as a superior alternative to the currently used materials for nasolacrimal stents. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silicone intubation (stenting) has been widely used to treat nasolacrimal duct obstruction, however, it can cause adverse clinical effects such as bacterial infection; presents procedural challenges because of the curved nasolacrimal duct structure; and shows poor drainage efficiency stemming from the highly hydrophobic nature of silicone. In this work, we describe an innovative shape memory polymer (SMP) as a superior alternative to conventional silicone-based materials for nasolacrimal duct intubation. We demonstrate the clear advantages of the SMP over conventional silicone, including a much higher drainage capacity and superior resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Young Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Beom Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Lan Kang
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; TMD Lab Co., Ltd., 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyeon Son
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- TMD Lab Co., Ltd., 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Numais Co., Ltd., 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Synthesis and Characteristics of Thermo-Photo Staged-Response Shape Memory Poly(aryl ether ketone)s. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Park S, Baugh N, Shah HK, Parekh DP, Joshipura ID, Dickey MD. Ultrastretchable Elastic Shape Memory Fibers with Electrical Conductivity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901579. [PMID: 31728290 PMCID: PMC6839750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, elastomeric fibers that have shape memory properties due to the presence of a gallium core that can undergo phase transition from solid to liquid in response to mild heating are described. The gallium is injected into the core of a hollow fiber formed by melt processing. This approach provides a straightforward method to create shape memory properties from any hollow elastic fiber. Solidifying the core changes the effective fiber modulus from 4 to 1253 MPa. This increase in stiffness can preserve the fiber in a deformed shape. The elastic energy stored in the polymer shell during deformation drives the fiber to relax back to its original geometry upon melting the solid gallium core, allowing for shape memory. Although waxes are used previously for this purpose, the use of gallium is compelling because of its metallic electrical and thermal conductivity. In addition, the use of a rigid metallic core provides perfect fixity of the shape memory fiber. Notably, the use of gallium-with a melting point above room temperature but below body temperature-allows the user to melt and deform local regions of the fiber by hand and thereby tune the effective modulus and shape of the fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Park
- Department of Polymer‐Nano Science and TechnologyBK21 Plus Haptic Polymer Composite Research TeamDepartment of BIN Convergence TechnologyChonbuk National UniversityJeonju54896South Korea
| | - Neil Baugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University911 Partners WayRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Hardil K. Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University911 Partners WayRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Dishit P. Parekh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University911 Partners WayRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Ishan D. Joshipura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University911 Partners WayRaleighNC27695USA
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State University911 Partners WayRaleighNC27695USA
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30
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Kumar B, Noor N, Thakur S, Pan N, Narayana H, Yan SC, Wang F, Shah P. Shape Memory Polyurethane-Based Smart Polymer Substrates for Physiologically Responsive, Dynamic Pressure (Re)Distribution. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15348-15358. [PMID: 31572833 PMCID: PMC6761750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are an exciting class of stimuli-responsive smart materials that demonstrate reactive and reversible changes in mechanical property, usually by switching between different states due to external stimuli. We report on the development of a polyurethane-based SMP foam for effective pressure redistribution that demonstrates controllable changes in dynamic pressure redistribution capability at a low transition temperature (∼24 °C)-ideally suited to matching modulations in body contact pressure for dynamic pressure relief (e.g., for alleviation or pressure ulcer effects). The resultant SMP material has been extensively characterized by a series of tests including stress-strain testing, compression testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, optical microscopy, UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy, variable-temperature areal pressure distribution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermogravimetric analysis, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The foam system exhibits high responsivity when tested for plantar pressure modulation with significant potential in pressure ulcers treatment. Efficient pressure redistribution (∼80% reduction in interface pressure), high stress response (∼30% applied stress is stored in fixity and released on recovery), and excellent deformation recovery (∼100%) are demonstrated in addition to significant cycling ability without performance loss. By providing highly effective pressure redistribution and modulation when in contact with the body's surface, this SMP foam offers novel mechanisms for alleviating the risk of pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Kumar
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Nuruzzaman Noor
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, University Research
Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, and School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suman Thakur
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, University Research
Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, and School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Pan
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering, UC Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Harishkumar Narayana
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, University Research
Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, and School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-cheong Yan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, University Research
Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, and School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Faming Wang
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, University Research
Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, and School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Parth Shah
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, University Research
Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, and School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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31
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Shi D, Kang Y, Zhang G, Gao C, Lu W, Zou H, Jiang H. Biodegradable atrial septal defect occluders: A current review. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:68-80. [PMID: 31158496 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common structural congenital heart disease. With the development of interventional closure devices and transcatheter techniques, interventional closure therapy has become the most well-accepted therapeutic alternative worldwide, as it offers a number of advantages over conventional therapies such as improved safety, easier operation, lower complication rates and invasiveness, and shorter anesthetic time and hospitalizations. During the past decades, various types of occluders based on nondegradable shape memory alloys have been used in clinical applications. Considering that the permanent existence of foreign nondegradable materials in vivo can cause many potential complications in the long term, the research and development of biodegradable occluders has emerged as a crucial issue for interventional treatment of ASD. This review aims to summarize partially or fully biodegradable occlusion devices currently reported in the literature from the aspects of design, construction, and evaluation of animal experiments. Furthermore, a comparison is made on the advantages and disadvantages of the materials used in biodegradable ASD occlusion devices, followed by an analysis of the problems and limitations of the occlusion devices. Finally, several strategies are proposed for future development of biodegradable cardiac septal defect occlusion devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although occlusion devices based on nondegradable alloys have been widely used in clinical applications and saved numerouspatients, biodegradable occlusion devices may offer some advantages such as fewer complications, acceptable biocompatibility, and particularly temporary existence, thereby leaving "native" tissue behind, which will certainly become the development trend in the long term. This review summarizes almost all partially or fully biodegradable occlusion devices currently reported in the literature from the aspects of design, construction, and evaluation of animal experiments. Furthermore, a comparison is made on the advantages and disadvantages of the materials used in biodegradable ASD occlusion devices, followed by an analysis of the problems and limitations of the occlusion devices. Finally, several strategies are proposed for future development of biodegradable cardiac septal defect occlusion devices.
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32
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Lei M, Hong W, Zhao Z, Hamel C, Chen M, Lu H, Qi HJ. 3D Printing of Auxetic Metamaterials with Digitally Reprogrammable Shape. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22768-22776. [PMID: 31140776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional lattice structures with specific geometric features have been reported to have a negative Poisson's ratio, termed as auxetic metamaterials, that is, stretching-induced expansion in the transversal direction. In this paper, we designed a novel auxetic metamaterial; by utilizing the shape memory effect of the constituent materials, the in-plane moduli and Poisson's ratios can be continuously tailored. During deformation, the curved meshes ensure the rotation of the mesh joints to achieve auxetics. The rotations of these mesh joints are governed by the mesh curvature, which continuously changes during deformation. Because of the shape memory effect, the mesh curvature after printing can be programmed, which can be used to tune the rotation of the mesh joints and the mechanical properties of auxetic metamaterial structures, including Poisson's ratios, moduli, and fracture strains. Using the finite element method, the deformation of these auxetic meshes was analyzed. Finally, we designed and fabricated gradient/digital patterns and cylindrical shells and used the auxetics and shape memory effects to reshape the printed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - Zeang Zhao
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Craig Hamel
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Mingji Chen
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Haibao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P. R. China
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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33
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Zhang B, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Zhang YF, Hingorani H, Liu Z, Liu J, Ge Q. Self-Healing Four-Dimensional Printing with an Ultraviolet Curable Double-Network Shape Memory Polymer System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10328-10336. [PMID: 30785262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing that enables 3D printed structures to change configurations over time has gained great attention because of its exciting potential in various applications. Among all the 4D printing materials, shape memory polymers (SMPs) possess higher stiffness and faster response rate and therefore are considered as one of most promising materials for 4D printing. However, most of the SMP-based 4D printing materials are (meth)acrylate thermosets which have permanently cross-linked covalent networks and cannot be repaired if any damage occurs. To address the unrepairable nature of SMP-based 4D printing materials, this paper reports a double-network self-healing SMP (SH-SMP) system for high-resolution self-healing 4D printing. In the SH-SMP system, the semicrystalline linear polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) is incorporated into a methacrylate-based SMP system which has good compatibility with the digital light processing-based 3D printing technology and can be used to fabricate complex 4D printing structures with high resolution (up to 30 μm). The PCL linear polymer imparts the self-healing ability to the 4D printing structures, and the mechanical properties of a damaged structure can be recovered to more than 90% after adding more than 20 wt % of PCL into the SH-SMP system. We investigated the effects of PCL concentration on the thermomechanical behavior, viscosity, and the self-healing capability of the SH-SMP system and performed the computational fluid dynamics simulations to study the effect of SH-SMP solution's viscosity on the 3D printing process. Finally, we demonstrated the self-healing 4D printing application examples to show the merits of the SH-SMP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 710072 Xi'an , China
| | | | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), A*STAR , 138632 Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), A*STAR , 138632 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), A*STAR , 138632 Singapore, Singapore
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34
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Zhou H, Qin W, Yu Q, Cheng H, Yu X, Wu H. Transfer Printing and its Applications in Flexible Electronic Devices. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020283. [PMID: 30781651 PMCID: PMC6410120 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible electronic systems have received increasing attention in the past few decades because of their wide-ranging applications that include the flexible display, eyelike digital camera, skin electronics, and intelligent surgical gloves, among many other health monitoring devices. As one of the most widely used technologies to integrate rigid functional devices with elastomeric substrates for the manufacturing of flexible electronic devices, transfer printing technology has been extensively studied. Though primarily relying on reversible interfacial adhesion, a variety of advanced transfer printing methods have been proposed and demonstrated. In this review, we first summarize the characteristics of a few representative methods of transfer printing. Next, we will introduce successful demonstrations of each method in flexible electronic devices. Moreover, the potential challenges and future development opportunities for transfer printing will then be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Weiyang Qin
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Qingmin Yu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Xudong Yu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Huaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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35
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Zhao L, Zhang L, Zhao J, Shi J, Dai Z, Wang G, Zhang C, Li B, Feng X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Engineering Surface Patterns with Shape Memory Polymers: Multiple Design Dimensions for Diverse and Hierarchical Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1563-1570. [PMID: 30499288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic design of surface patterns has seen a surge of interests because of their wide applications in flexible and stretchable electronics, microfluidics, and optical devices. Recently, instability of bilayer systems has been extensively utilized by which micro-/nano-patterns of a film can be easily achieved through macroscopically deforming the underlying substrate. For a bilayer system with traditional thermostable substrates, the pattern morphology is only determined by initial strain mismatch of the two layers, and the realization of localized patterns appears to be particularly challenging because of the difficulties associated with manipulating inhomogeneous deformations. In this work, we exploit cross-linked polyethylene ( cPE), a shape memory polymer (SMP), as the flexible substrate for building micro-/nano-structures of sputtered gold films. We find that the shape memory effect can offer new dimensions for designing diverse and hierarchical surface structures by harnessing film thickness orheating time and by globally or locally controlling the thermal field. By combining those strategies, we further demonstrate versatile hierarchical, superimposed, and local surface patterns based on this cPE/gold (Au) system. Piezoresistive pressure sensors are assembled with the obtained patterned surface, which have high sensitivity, operational range, and cyclic stability. These results highlight the unique advantages of SMPs for building arbitrary surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Liangpei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Materials Science and Technology , China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jidong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Guorui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Xiqiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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36
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Wang X, Guo X, Ye J, Zheng N, Kohli P, Choi D, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Zhang Q, Luan H, Nan K, Kim BH, Xu Y, Shan X, Bai W, Sun R, Wang Z, Jang H, Zhang F, Ma Y, Xu Z, Feng X, Xie T, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rogers JA. Freestanding 3D Mesostructures, Functional Devices, and Shape-Programmable Systems Based on Mechanically Induced Assembly with Shape Memory Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805615. [PMID: 30370605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Capabilities for controlled formation of sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced materials have foundational implications across a broad range of fields. Recently developed methods use stress release in prestrained elastomeric substrates as a driving force for assembling 3D structures and functional microdevices from 2D precursors. A limitation of this approach is that releasing these structures from their substrate returns them to their original 2D layouts due to the elastic recovery of the constituent materials. Here, a concept in which shape memory polymers serve as a means to achieve freestanding 3D architectures from the same basic approach is introduced, with demonstrated ability to realize lateral dimensions, characteristic feature sizes, and thicknesses as small as ≈500, 10, and 5 µm simultaneously, and the potential to scale to much larger or smaller dimensions. Wireless electronic devices illustrate the capacity to integrate other materials and functional components into these 3D frameworks. Quantitative mechanics modeling and experimental measurements illustrate not only shape fixation but also capabilities that allow for structure recovery and shape programmability, as a form of 4D structural control. These ideas provide opportunities in fields ranging from micro-electromechanical systems and microrobotics, to smart intravascular stents, tissue scaffolds, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueju Wang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jilong Ye
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Punit Kohli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Dongwhi Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Yi Zhang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Qihui Zhang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kewang Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yameng Xu
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xiwei Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rujie Sun
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Zizheng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hokyung Jang
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yinji Ma
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing and Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - John A Rogers
- Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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37
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Zhang B, Yuan C, Zhang W, Dunn M, Qi HJ, Liu Z, Yu K, Ge Q. Recycling of vitrimer blends with tunable thermomechanical properties. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5431-5437. [PMID: 35515904 PMCID: PMC9060883 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A composite-based strategy to prepare vitrimer blends with tunable thermomechanical properties utilizing the good weldability of vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
| | - Chao Yuan
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
| | - Wang Zhang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
- Science and Math Cluster
| | - Martin L. Dunn
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
- College of Engineering and Applied Science
| | - H. Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Zhuangjian Liu
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC)
- A*STAR
- Singapore 138632
- Singapore
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Engineering and Applied Science
- University of Colorado Denver
- Denver
- USA
| | - Qi Ge
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
- Science and Math Cluster
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38
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Yan B, Zheng X, Tang P, Yang H, He J, Zhou S. Investigating Switchable Nanostructures in Shape Memory Process for Amphipathic Janus Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36249-36258. [PMID: 30255706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Janus particles (JPs) have attracted increasing attention from the communities of materials science, chemistry, physics, and biology. However, the nanoscale JPs that can switch shapes in response to an environmental stimulus is a significant challenge. In this article, we have demonstrated a simple procedure to fabricate the amphipathic Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) composed of hydrophilic body and hydrophobic lobe via using sudden negative pressure technique. Moreover, in response to temperature, the nanoparticles can recover to their initial nanosphere state by a switchable process, showing promising shape memory effect. Here, we can monitor the switchable nanostructures with hydrophilic and hydrophobic changes in the shape memory process of the JNPs by transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and water contact angle. Furthermore, we successfully compare the differences in shape deformation ratio and shape recovery ratio using the three test methods by the statistical analysis of Student's t-test for independent samples. In addition, we also develop hybrid magnetic Janus nanoparticles, changed from the amphipathic JNPs by the selective attachment of magnetic nanoparticles with hydrophobic molecules, which show new Janus nanostructure and shape memory property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyun Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Pandeng Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Huikai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Jing He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
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39
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Schauer S, Baumberg JJ, Hölscher H, Smoukov SK. Tuning of Structural Colors Like a Chameleon Enabled by Shape-Memory Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800518. [PMID: 30207618 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nature often uses structuring of materials for coloration rather than incorporating dye molecules, since single-construction materials are capable of producing any vivid visible color in plants and insects. By precisely engineering features that diffract or scatter light, more recently, humans have created similarly intense non-fading colors. Stretchable polymer opals have emerged as a single material which can dynamically shift across the whole visible spectrum using structural colors, by temporary stretching or compression. For energy efficiency and practical considerations, however, it is necessary to fix semi-permanently desired colors without continuous stretching or application of other stimuli or energy. Here, a polymer opal incorporating a shape-memory polymer embedded in its matrix can keep a particular color fixed without the application of external forces, yet can be reprogrammed to a different fixed color on demand. The influence of the material composition on its optical appearance, shape-fixity, and shape recovery abilities in controlled stretch experiments is quantified. High-speed printing-compatible localized compression pattern imprinting is shown to generate stable but easily erasable color patterns. This opens up the potential for durable and energy-efficient yet reusable and reconfigurable displays, wearables, or packaging and security labeling based on such polymeric film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senta Schauer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hendrik Hölscher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stoyan K Smoukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Material Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.,Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Ave., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
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40
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Luo C, Shi X, Lei Z, Zhu C, Zhang W, Yu K. Effects of bond exchange reactions and relaxation of polymer chains on the thermomechanical behaviors of covalent adaptable network polymers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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42
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Kuang X, Chen K, Dunn CK, Wu J, Li VCF, Qi HJ. 3D Printing of Highly Stretchable, Shape-Memory, and Self-Healing Elastomer toward Novel 4D Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7381-7388. [PMID: 29400445 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) printing of flexible and stretchable materials with smart functions such as shape memory (SM) and self-healing (SH) is highly desirable for the development of future 4D printing technology for myriad applications, such as soft actuators, deployable smart medical devices, and flexible electronics. Here, we report a novel ink that can be used for the 3D printing of highly stretchable, SM, and SH elastomer via UV-light-assisted direct-ink-write printing. An ink containing urethane diacrylate and a linear semicrystalline polymer is developed for the 3D printing of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network elastomer that can be stretched by up to 600%. The 3D-printed complex structures show interesting functional properties, such as high strain SM and SM -assisted SH capability. We demonstrate that such a 3D-printed SM elastomer has the potential application for biomedical devices, such as vascular repair devices. This research paves a new way for the further development of novel 4D printing, soft robotics, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kuang
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kaijuan Chen
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Conner K Dunn
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jiangtao Wu
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Vincent C F Li
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - H Jerry Qi
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Liu R, Kuang X, Deng J, Wang YC, Wang AC, Ding W, Lai YC, Chen J, Wang P, Lin Z, Qi HJ, Sun B, Wang ZL. Shape Memory Polymers for Body Motion Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Mechanosensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705195. [PMID: 29318681 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing demand in portable electronics raises a requirement to electronic devices being stretchable, deformable, and durable, for which functional polymers are ideal choices of materials. Here, the first transformable smart energy harvester and self-powered mechanosensation sensor using shape memory polymers is demonstrated. The device is based on the mechanism of a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator using the thermally triggered shape transformation of organic materials for effectively harvesting mechanical energy. This work paves a new direction for functional polymers, especially in the field of mechanosensation for potential applications in areas such as soft robotics, biomedical devices, and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jianan Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Aurelia C Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wenbo Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ying-Chih Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Peihong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - H Jerry Qi
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
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Pan L, Xiong Z, Song L, Ban J, Lu S. Synthesis and characterization of sisal fibre polyurethane network cross-linked with triple-shape memory properties. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a thermo-responsive network shape-memory polymer (SMP) which has high elasticity, triple shape-memory properties and rapid shape recovery effects was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin
| | - Zhongqiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin
| | - Laifu Song
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin
| | - Jianfeng Ban
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology
- Maoming
- China
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin
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Karger-Kocsis J, Kéki S. Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E34. [PMID: 30966068 PMCID: PMC6415015 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is capable of memorizing one or more temporary shapes and recovering successively to the permanent shape upon various external stimuli. Beside of the above mentioned one-way variants, also two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory (SM) systems exist which feature a reversible shape change on the basis of "on-off switching" of the external stimulus. The preparation, properties and modelling of shape memory epoxy resins (SMEP), SMEP foams and composites have been surveyed in this exhaustive review article. The underlying mechanisms and characteristics of SM were introduced. Emphasis was put to show new strategies on how to tailor the network architecture and morphology of EPs to improve their SM performance. To produce SMEPs novel preparation techniques, such as electrospinning, ink printing, solid-state foaming, were tried. The potential of SMEPs and related systems as multifunctional materials has been underlined. Added functionality may include, among others, self-healing, sensing, actuation, porosity control, recycling. Recent developments in the modelling of SMEPs were also highlighted. Based on the recent developments some open topics were deduced which are merit of investigations in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA⁻BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Yang Y, Yu D, Wang H, Guo L. Smart Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices with Self-Protection and Self-Adaptation Abilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703040. [PMID: 28837750 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, with booming development and worldwide usage of rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices, their safety issues, operation stability, service life, and user experience are garnering special attention. Smart and intelligent energy storage devices with self-protection and self-adaptation abilities aiming to address these challenges are being developed with great urgency. In this Progress Report, we highlight recent achievements in the field of smart energy storage systems that could early-detect incoming internal short circuits and self-protect against thermal runaway. Moreover, intelligent devices that are able to take actions and self-adapt in response to external mechanical disruption or deformation, i.e., exhibiting self-healing or shape-memory behaviors, are discussed. Finally, insights into the future development of smart rechargeable energy storage devices are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Yu
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Yu K, Qi HJ, Xiao J. Temperature dependent evolution of wrinkled single-crystal silicon ribbons on shape memory polymers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:7625-7632. [PMID: 28983544 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can remember two or more distinct shapes, and thus can have a lot of potential applications. This paper presents combined experimental and theoretical studies on the wrinkling of single-crystal Si ribbons on SMPs and the temperature dependent evolution. Using the shape memory effect of heat responsive SMPs, this study provides a method to build wavy forms of single-crystal silicon thin films on top of SMP substrates. Silicon ribbons obtained from a Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafer are released and transferred onto the surface of programmed SMPs. Then such bilayer systems are recovered at different temperatures, yielding well-defined, wavy profiles of Si ribbons. The wavy profiles are shown to evolve with time, and the evolution behavior strongly depends on the recovery temperature. At relatively low recovery temperatures, both wrinkle wavelength and amplitude increase with time as evolution progresses. Finite element analysis (FEA) accounting for the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs is conducted to study the wrinkling of Si ribbons on SMPs, which shows good agreement with experiment. Merging of wrinkles is observed in FEA, which could explain the increase of wrinkle wavelength observed in the experiment. This study can have important implications for smart stretchable electronics, wrinkling mechanics, stimuli-responsive surface engineering, and advanced manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
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Song L, Li Y, Xiong Z, Pan L, Luo Q, Xu X, Lu S. Water-Induced shape memory effect of nanocellulose papers from sisal cellulose nanofibers with graphene oxide. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:110-117. [PMID: 29111033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-induced shape memory nanocomposites were prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO), which was based on microcrystalline cellulose nanofibers (MSF-g-COOH) extracting from sisal fibers. The results showed that the water-induced shape memory properties of MSF-g-COOH were significantly improved by the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between MSF-g-COOH and GO, It leads to some additional physically cross-linked points in MSF-g-COOH. On the other hand, at 0.5wt% GO loading, tensile strength and Young modulus of the nanocomposite increased from 139 to 184MPa, and from 5.77 to 8.54GPa, respectively, compared to those of pure MSF-g-COOH. Furthermore, a water-induced model was proposed to discuss the water-induced shape memory behaviors of the MSF-g-COOH/GO nanocomposites. This study provides a framework for developing a cellulose based shape memory polymers (CSMPs) and better understanding the shape recovery mechanism in water-induced CSMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laifu Song
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhongqiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lulu Pan
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qiyun Luo
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Shaorong Lu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Yuan C, Roach DJ, Dunn CK, Mu Q, Kuang X, Yakacki CM, Wang TJ, Yu K, Qi HJ. 3D printed reversible shape changing soft actuators assisted by liquid crystal elastomers. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5558-5568. [PMID: 28721407 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00759k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we advance printed active composites by combining 3D printing, printed electronics, and liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) to achieve soft actuators with free-standing two-way shape changing behaviors. Incorporated LCE strips are activated by Joule heating produced by printed conductive wires, while uniaxial deformation of the LCE strip is utilized as a driving force to achieve bending in the printed composite. The bending behavior of laminated hinges is first characterized in order to obtain a precise control of actuation, which is then exploited to actuate four demonstrative designs: a morphing airplane, a miura-ori structure, a cubic box, and a soft crawler. The soft morphing airplane and miura-ori structure are designed and fabricated with multiple laminated hinges to demonstrate the synergistic actions during actuation. The cubic box is constructed to show the capability of sequential folding by implementing multiple groups of conductive wires to achieve accurately addressable heating with temporal control. Finally, the two-way transformation is utilized as a driving force for the locomotion of a soft crawler stimulated by a periodic rectangular wave current. These examples show the great potential of using the hybrid 3D printing and pick-and-place method and using LCEs to achieve controllable shape change structures for a variety of potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- G.W.W. School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Chen T, Han H, Jia F, Jin Q, Ji J. On-Demand Shape Recovery Kinetics Modulation with a Wide Regulation Range and Spatially Heterogeneous Shape Recovery Rate. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2017; 121:11144-11150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haijie Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fan Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule
Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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