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Thermal, Morphological, Electrical Properties and Touch-Sensor Application of Conductive Carbon Black-Filled Polyamide Composites. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113103. [PMID: 34835866 PMCID: PMC8619449 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyamide 66 (PA66) is a well-known engineering thermoplastic polymer, primarily employed in polymer composites with fillers and additives of different nature and dimensionality (1D, 2D and 3D) used as alternatives to metals in various technological applications. In this work, carbon black (CB), a conductive nanofiller, was used to reinforce the PA66 polymer in the 9–27 wt. % CB loading range. The reason for choosing CB was intrinsically associated with its nature: a nanostructured carbon filler, whose agglomeration characteristics affect the electrical properties of the polymer composites. Crystallinity, phase composition, thermal behaviour, morphology, microstructure, and electrical conductivity, which are all properties engendered by nanofiller dispersion in the polymer, were investigated using thermal analyses (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry), microscopies (scanning electron and atomic force microscopies), and electrical conductivity measurements. Interestingly, direct current (DC) electrical measurements and conductive-AFM mapping through the samples enable visualization of the percolation paths and the ability of CB nanoparticles to form aggregates that work as conductive electrical pathways beyond the electrical percolation threshold. This finding provides the opportunities to investigate the degree of filler dispersion occurring during the transformation processes, while the results of the electrical properties also contribute to enabling the use of such conductive composites in sensor and device applications. In this regard, the results presented in this paper provide evidence that conductive carbon-filled polymer composites can work as touch sensors when they are connected with conventional low-power electronics and controlled by inexpensive and commercially available microcontrollers.
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Frederiksen T. Bimetallic electrodes boost molecular junctions. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:577-578. [PMID: 33510448 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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3
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Jasper-Tönnies T, Garcia-Lekue A, Frederiksen T, Ulrich S, Herges R, Berndt R. High-conductance contacts to functionalized molecular platforms physisorbed on Au(1 1 1). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:18LT01. [PMID: 30721893 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The conductances of molecules physisorbed to Au(1 1 1) via an extended [Formula: see text] system are probed with the tip of a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope to maximize the control of the junction geometry. Inert hydrogen, methyl, and reactive propynyl subunits were attached to the platform and stand upright. Because of their different reactivities, either non-bonding (hydrogen and methyl) or bonding (propynyl) tip-molecule contacts are formed. The conductances exhibit little scatter between different experimental runs on different molecules, display distinct evolutions with the tip-subunit distance, and reach contact values of 0.003-0.05 G 0. For equal tip-platform distances the contact conductance of the inert methyl is close to that of the reactive propynyl. Under further compression, the inert species, hydrogen and methyl, are found to be better conductors. This shows that the current flow is not directly correlated with the chemical interaction. Atomistic calculations for the methyl case reproduce the conductance evolution and reveal the role of the junction geometry, forces and orbital symmetries at the tip-molecule interface. The current flow is controlled by orbital symmetries at the electrode interfaces rather than by the energy alignment of the molecular orbitals and electrode states. Functionalized molecular platforms thus open new ways to control and engineer electron conduction through metal-molecule interfaces at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Jasper-Tönnies
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Paßens M, Karthäuser S. Rotational switches in the two-dimensional fullerene quasicrystal. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019; 75:41-49. [PMID: 30575582 PMCID: PMC6302930 DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318015681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the essential components of molecular electronic circuits are switching elements that are stable in two different states and can ideally be switched on and off many times. Here, distinct buckminsterfullerenes within a self-assembled monolayer, forming a two-dimensional dodecagonal quasicrystal on a Pt-terminated Pt3Ti(111) surface, are identified to form well separated molecular rotational switching elements. Employing scanning tunneling microscopy, the molecular-orbital appearance of the fullerenes in the quasicrystalline monolayer is resolved. Thus, fullerenes adsorbed on the 36 vertex configuration are identified to exhibit a distinctly increased mobility. In addition, this finding is verified by differential conductance measurements. The rotation of these mobile fullerenes can be triggered frequently by applied voltage pulses, while keeping the neighboring molecules immobile. An extensive analysis reveals that crystallographic and energetic constraints at the molecule/metal interface induce an inequality of the local potentials for the 36 and 32.4.3.4 vertex sites and this accounts for the switching ability of fullerenes on the 36 vertex sites. Consequently, a local area of the 8/3 approximant in the two-dimensional fullerene quasicrystal consists of single rotational switching fullerenes embedded in a matrix of inert molecules. Furthermore, it is deduced that optimization of the intermolecular interactions between neighboring fullerenes hinders the realization of translational periodicity in the fullerene monolayer on the Pt-terminated Pt3Ti(111) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Paßens
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - S. Karthäuser
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7) and JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Germany
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Kolmer M, Olszowski P, Zuzak R, Godlewski S, Joachim C, Szymonski M. Two-probe STM experiments at the atomic level. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:444004. [PMID: 28869213 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct characterization of planar atomic or molecular scale devices and circuits on a supporting surface by multi-probe measurements requires unprecedented stability of single atom contacts and manipulation of scanning probes over large, nanometer scale area with atomic precision. In this work, we describe the full methodology behind atomically defined two-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments performed on a model system: dangling bond dimer wire supported on a hydrogenated germanium (0 0 1) surface. We show that 70 nm long atomic wire can be simultaneously approached by two independent STM scanners with exact probe to probe distance reaching down to 30 nm. This allows direct wire characterization by two-probe I-V characteristics at distances below 50 nm. Our technical results presented in this work open a new area for multi-probe research, which can be now performed with precision so far accessible only by single-probe scanning probe microscopy (SPM) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kolmer
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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Al-Hada M, Peters S, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Sezen H, Parisse P, Selve S, Niermann T, Berger D, Neeb M, Eberhardt W. Nanoparticle formation of deposited Ag -clusters on free-standing graphene. SURFACE SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lü JT, Brandbyge M, Berndt R. Mechanochemistry Induced Using Force Exerted by a Functionalized Microscope Tip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices; Department of Electronics; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices; Department of Electronics; Peking University; Beijing 100871 P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- DTU-Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel; 24098 Kiel Germany
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Mechanochemistry Induced Using Force Exerted by a Functionalized Microscope Tip. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11769-11773. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang RN, Dong GY, Wang SF, Fu GS, Wang JL. Thermoelectric properties of fullerene-based junctions: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28117-28124. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study is built on density functional calculations in combination with the non-equilibrium Green's function, and we probe the thermoelectric transport mechanisms through C60molecules anchored to Al nano-electrodes in three different ways, such as, the planar, pyramidal, and asymmetric surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ning Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yi Dong
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Fang Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Sheng Fu
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Long Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials
- College of Physics Science and Technology
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
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Papior N, Gunst T, Stradi D, Brandbyge M. Manipulating the voltage drop in graphene nanojunctions using a gate potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1025-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an attractive electrode material to contact nanostructured devices. Electrostatically gating a graphene device shows a control of the potential drop dependent on electrode polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Papior
- Department of Nanotech
- Technical University of Denmark
- Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
| | - Tue Gunst
- Department of Nanotech
- Technical University of Denmark
- Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
| | - Daniele Stradi
- Department of Nanotech
- Technical University of Denmark
- Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Nanotech
- Technical University of Denmark
- Kgs. Lyngby
- Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG)
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Tuning the conductance of H2O@C60 by position of the encapsulated H2O. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17932. [PMID: 26643873 PMCID: PMC4995735 DOI: 10.1038/srep17932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The change of conductance of single-molecule junction in response to various external stimuli is the fundamental mechanism for the single-molecule electronic devices with multiple functionalities. We propose the concept that the conductance of molecular systems can be tuned from inside. The conductance is varied in C60 with encapsulated H2O, H2O@C60. The transport properties of the H2O@C60-based nanostructure sandwiched between electrodes are studied using first-principles calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. Our results show that the conductance of the H2O@C60 is sensitive to the position of the H2O and its dipole direction inside the cage with changes in conductance up to 20%. Our study paves a way for the H2O@C60 molecule to be a new platform for novel molecule-based electronics and sensors.
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Zhu C, Wang X. Transport properties of the H2O@C60-dimer-based junction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:375301. [PMID: 26325223 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/37/375301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical predictions play an important role in finding potential applications in molecular electronics. Fullerenes have a number of potential applications, and the charge flow from a single C60 molecule to another becomes more versatile and more interesting after doping. Here, we report the conductance of two H2O@C60 molecules in series order and how the number of encapsulated water molecules influences the transport properties of the junction. Encapsulating an H2O molecule into one of the C60 cages increases the conductance of the dimer. Negative differential resistance is found in the dimer systems, and its peak-to-valley current ratio depends on the number of encapsulated H2O molecules. The conductance of the C60 dimer and the H2O@C60 dimer is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of the C60 monomer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the conductance of the molecular junctions based on the H2O@C60 dimer can be tuned by moving the encapsulated H2O molecules. The conductance is H2O-position dependent. Our findings indicate that H2O@C60 can be used as a building block in C60-based molecular electronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zhu
- Spintronic and Electronic Materials Group, Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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13
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Reecht G, Bulou H, Scheurer F, Speisser V, Mathevet F, González C, Dappe YJ, Schull G. Pulling and Stretching a Molecular Wire to Tune its Conductance. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2987-2992. [PMID: 26267192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A scanning tunnelling microscope is used to pull a polythiophene wire from a Au(111) surface while measuring the current traversing the junction. Abrupt current increases measured during the lifting procedure are associated with the detachment of molecular subunits, in apparent contradiction with the expected exponential decrease of the conductance with wire length. Ab initio simulations reproduce the experimental data and demonstrate that this unexpected behavior is due to release of mechanical stress in the wire, paving the way to mechanically gated single-molecule electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Reecht
- †IPCMS de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 (CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Bulou
- †IPCMS de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 (CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Scheurer
- †IPCMS de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 (CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Speisser
- †IPCMS de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 (CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- ‡Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Chimie des Polymères, UMR 8232, (CNRS - Université Pierre et Marie Curie), 75252 Paris, France
| | - César González
- §Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- §Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Schull
- †IPCMS de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 (CNRS - Université de Strasbourg), 67034 Strasbourg, France
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Wierzbowska M, Rode MF, Sadek M, Sobolewski AL. Contacts for organic switches with carbon-nanotube leads. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:245201. [PMID: 26011251 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/24/245201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We focus on two classes of organic switches operating due to the photo- or field-induced proton transfer (PT) process. By means of first-principles simulations, we search for the atomic contacts that strengthen diversity of the two swapped current-voltage (I-V) characteristics between two tautomers. We emphasize that the low-resistive contacts do not necessarily possess good switching properties. Very often, the higher-current flow makes it more difficult to distinguish between the logic states. Instead, the more resistive contacts multiply a current gear to a larger extent. The low- and high-bias work regimes set additional conditions, which are fulfilled by different contacts: (i) in the very low-voltage regime, the direct connections to the nanotubes perform better than the popular sulfur contacts, and (ii) in the higher-voltage regime, the best are the peroxide (-O-O-) contacts. Additionally, we find that the switching-bias value is not an inherent property of the conducting molecule, but it strongly depends on the chosen contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wierzbowska
- Institut of Physics, Polish Academy of Science (PAS), Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland
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15
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Wu QQ, Zheng XH, Shi XQ, Lan J, Hao H, Zeng Z. Electron transport enhanced by electrode surface reconstruction: a case study of C60-based molecular junctions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
At the C60–Cu(111) interface, electrode surface reconstruction (Rec) increases electrical current compared to that for the unreconstructed (Unrec) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Q. Wu
- School of Physics and Material Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
| | - X. H. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - X. Q. Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Physics
| | - J. Lan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - H. Hao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Z. Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Physics
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