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Lee D, Chen WW, Wang L, Chan YC, Chen W. Data-Driven Design for Metamaterials and Multiscale Systems: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305254. [PMID: 38050899 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Metamaterials are artificial materials designed to exhibit effective material parameters that go beyond those found in nature. Composed of unit cells with rich designability that are assembled into multiscale systems, they hold great promise for realizing next-generation devices with exceptional, often exotic, functionalities. However, the vast design space and intricate structure-property relationships pose significant challenges in their design. A compelling paradigm that could bring the full potential of metamaterials to fruition is emerging: data-driven design. This review provides a holistic overview of this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the general methodology instead of specific domains and deployment contexts. Existing research is organized into data-driven modules, encompassing data acquisition, machine learning-based unit cell design, and data-driven multiscale optimization. The approaches are further categorized within each module based on shared principles, analyze and compare strengths and applicability, explore connections between different modules, and identify open research questions and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doksoo Lee
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Wayne Chen
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yu-Chin Chan
- Siemens Corporation, Technology, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Nalupurackal G, Panja K, Chakraborty S, Roy S, Goswami J, Roy B, Singh R. Controlled roll rotation of a microparticle in a hydro-thermophoretic trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH 2023; 5:033005. [PMID: 37675386 PMCID: PMC7615027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.5.033005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in controlling the motion of microparticles inside and outside a focused laser beam. A hydro-thermophoretic trap was recently reported [Nalupurackal et al., Soft Matter 18, 6825 (2022)], which can trap and manipulate microparticles and living cells outside a laser beam. Briefly, a hydro-thermophoretic trap works by the competition between thermoplasmonic flows due to laser heating of a substrate and thermophoresis away from the hotspot of the laser. Here, we extend that work to demonstrate the controlled roll rotation of a microparticle in a hydro-thermophoretic trap using experiments and theory. We experimentally measure the roll angular velocity of the trapped particle. We predict this roll rotation from theoretical computation of the fluid flow. The expression for the angular velocity fits the experimental data. Our method has potential applications in microrheology by employing a different mode of rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Nalupurackal
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kingshuk Panja
- Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Snigdhadev Chakraborty
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srestha Roy
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Jayesh Goswami
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Basudev Roy
- Department of Physics, Quantum Centre of Excellence for Diamond and Emergent Materials (QuCenDiEM), IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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3
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Wu JW, Cong R, Xu S, Liu YF. Spatially modulated light harvesting with plasmonic crescent metasurface. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6440-6443. [PMID: 36538457 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting light by metallic structures with sharp corners, or the so-called photonic singularities, has exhibit their potential in nanophotonics, sensing, and bio-medical applications. The high-quality light confinement of the light energy mainly relies on the precise preparation of nanoscale photonic singularities. However, the realization of massive photonic singularities still meets the challenges on integration and low-cost mask multiplexing. Here, we show an angle-dependent elevated nanosphere lithography to achieve massive photonic singularities for spatially modulated light harvesting at the near-infrared regime. The photonic geometrical singularity is constructed by the gold crescent array of plasmonic materials. The numerical simulation shows that the light can be localized at the spatially distributed singularities. This phenomenon is verified experimentally through the infrared spectral measurement. Our work provides the possibility to produce integrated light-harvesting devices for numerous optical applications in illumination, display, and enhanced nonlinear excitation.
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Wang Y, Lv F, Chen J, Huang Y, He S, Xu W, Xu S, Wang W. Evolution of High Symmetry Points of Photonic Alumina Superlattices in a Lithography-Free Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47262-47271. [PMID: 34553898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceaselessly increasing demands for elaborate nanostructures prompt advanced structure fabrication with good practicability, especially, subwavelength ordered structures in simple lattices even in superlattices over a large area, namely, large-scale photonic lattices, in which lattice arrangement, geometry, and components of unit cells are key factors for their macroscopic optical properties. Moreover, exciting properties always occur at high symmetry points of the lattice; therefore, straightforward modulation of symmetry points over a large area is very important for the investigation and application of photonic lattices. Here, this work establishes a lithography-free approach of undervoltage oxidation (UVO) for regulating high symmetry points in the reciprocal space of a dielectric alumina superlattice. Embedding subunit cells at high symmetry points Γ (M) result in the degenerate energy changing from 1.34 eV (924.6 nm) to 1.87 eV (662.6 nm) under normal excitation at the Γ point, and the degeneracy lifting under off-normal excitation along the Γ-X high symmetry orientation. Furthermore, systematic characterizations of the alumina membrane are presented to learn its dynamic evolution of the morphology on a centimeter scale, and the pore array changes from a hierarchical period to a form of hexagonal close packing, especially at Γ and M points of the square lattice. Therefore, the reported lithography-free alumina-based nanofabrication offers an ability for varying the spatial structure at high symmetry points of photonic lattices, which is of great significance in the fields of nanomanufacturing and has great potential to bring about preferable performances in nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266500, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fanzhou Lv
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yudie Huang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shijia He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266500, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266500, P. R. China
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5
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Ticoş D, Scurtu A, Williams JD, Scott L, Thomas E, Sanford D, Ticoş CM. Rotation of a strongly coupled dust cluster in plasma by the torque of an electron beam. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:023210. [PMID: 33736094 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.023210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 1-mm-size cluster composed of 10 dust particles immersed in plasma is rotated by the torque of a pulsed electron beam with energy in the range 8-12 keV. The dust particles are electrically charged spheres with radius 5.9 μm and are levitated in the plasma sheath, forming a round, planar, Coulomb-coupled cluster. The electron beam irradiates the dust cluster passing slightly off its center, and sets the particles in motion by the action of the electron drag force. The total torque at 12 keV is 4.9±0.2×10^{-11} Nm at an angular speed 1.41±0.05 rad s^{-1}. The main dynamical features of the cluster such as intershell rotation and itinerancy of the dust particles inside the cluster are simulated by using a molecular dynamics code.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ticoş
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Măgurele 077125, Romania
| | - A Scurtu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Măgurele 077125, Romania
| | - J D Williams
- Department of Physics, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio 45501, USA
| | - L Scott
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - E Thomas
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - D Sanford
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, USA
| | - C M Ticoş
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Măgurele 077125, Romania.,Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Măgurele 077125, Romania
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6
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Zhang L, Hao R, Zhang D, You H, Dai Y, Liu W, Fang J. Shape-Controlled Hierarchical Flowerlike Au Nanostructure Microarrays by Electrochemical Growth for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Application. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9838-9846. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Rui Hao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongjun You
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yanzhu Dai
- School of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jixiang Fang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Balogun O. Optically Detecting Acoustic Oscillations at the Nanoscale: Exploring Techniques Suitable for Studying Elastic Wave Propagation. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2905021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dubois V, Bleiker SJ, Stemme G, Niklaus F. Scalable Manufacturing of Nanogaps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801124. [PMID: 30156331 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manufacture a nanogap in between two electrodes has proven a powerful catalyst for scientific discoveries in nanoscience and molecular electronics. A wide range of bottom-up and top-down methodologies are now available to fabricate nanogaps that are less than 10 nm wide. However, most available techniques involve time-consuming serial processes that are not compatible with large-scale manufacturing of nanogap devices. The scalable manufacturing of sub-10 nm gaps remains a great technological challenge that currently hinders both experimental nanoscience and the prospects for commercial exploitation of nanogap devices. Here, available nanogap fabrication methodologies are reviewed and a detailed comparison of their merits is provided, with special focus on large-scale and reproducible manufacturing of nanogaps. The most promising approaches that could achieve a breakthrough in research and commercial applications are identified. Emerging scalable nanogap manufacturing methodologies will ultimately enable applications with high scientific and societal impact, including high-speed whole genome sequencing, electromechanical computing, and molecular electronics using nanogap electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dubois
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon J Bleiker
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Department of Micro and Nano Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Bi Z, Cai W, Wang Y, Shang G. Direct manipulation of metallic nanosheets by shear force microscopy. J Microsc 2018; 271:222-229. [PMID: 29762874 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomanipulation is a rapidly growing technology and holds promising applications in various fields, including photonic/electronic devices, chemical/biosensors etc. In this work, we present that shear force microscopy (ShFM) can be exploited to manipulate metallic nanosheets besides imaging. The manipulation is realized via controlling the shear force sensor probe position and shear force magnitude based on our homemade ShFM system under an optical microscopy for in situ observation. The main feature of the ShFM system is usage of a piezoelectric bimorph sensor, which has the ability of self-excitation and detection. Moreover, the shear force magnitude as a function of the spring constant of the sensor and setpoint is obtained, which indicates that operation modes can be switched between imaging and manipulation through designing the spring constant before experiment and changing the setpoint during manipulation process, respectively. We believe that this alternative manipulation technique could be used to assemble other nanostructures with different shapes, sizes and compositions for new properties and wider applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bi
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - W Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - G Shang
- Department of Applied Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Li S, Wang T, Chen X, Lu W, Xie Y, Hu Y. Self-powered photogalvanic phosphorene photodetectors with high polarization sensitivity and suppressed dark current. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7694-7701. [PMID: 29651480 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High polarization sensitivity, suppressed dark current and low energy consumption are all desirable device properties for photodetectors. In this work, we propose phosphorene-based photodetectors that are driven using photogalvanic effects (PGEs). The inversion symmetry of pristine phosphorene is broken using either application of an out-of-plane gate voltage or a heterostructure that is composed of the original phosphorene and blue phosphorene. The potential asymmetry enables PGEs under illumination by polarized light. Quantum transport calculations show that robust photocurrents are indeed generated by PGEs under a zero external bias voltage because of the broken inversion symmetry. These results indicate that the proposed photodetector is self-powered. In addition, the zero bias voltage eliminates the dark currents that are caused by application of an external bias voltage to traditional photodetectors. High polarization sensitivity to both linearly and circularly polarized light can also be realized, with extinction ratios ranging up to 102. The photoresponse of the proposed phosphorene/blue phosphorene heterostructure can be greatly enhanced by gating and is several orders of magnitude higher than that in gated phosphorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Li
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200232, P.R. China.
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11
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Miao X, Guo K, Qian C, Wang J, Zhao D, Fung KH. Electron-beam excited photon emission from monopole modes of a plasmonic nano-disc. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3387-3390. [PMID: 28957111 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic dark modes are not easy to be observed in the far field due to their weak photon emission. By contrast, it has been shown that a dark mode can be excited effectively by a near-field source such as an electron beam. In this Letter, we show theoretically that the photon emission from the monopole-like dark mode supported on a plasmonic nano-disc could be unexpectedly strong when excited by an electron beam through its hole. Even though this monopole mode is considered to be dark, it is found that the emission can be even "brighter" than the dipolar bright modes when the electron speed is higher than 0.6c. Due to the high conversion efficiency from electron energy loss to photon energy, the results could also suggest an optical method for the detection of high-energy electrons passing through the hole with negligible changes in electron speed.
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Chen X, Wang C, Yao Y, Wang C. Plasmonic Vertically Coupled Complementary Antennas for Dual-Mode Infrared Molecule Sensing. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8034-8046. [PMID: 28693314 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Here we report an infrared plasmonic nanosensor for label-free, sensitive, specific, and quantitative identification of nanometer-sized molecules. The device design is based on vertically coupled complementary antennas (VCCAs) with densely patterned hot-spots. The elevated metallic nanobars and complementary nanoslits in the substrate strongly couple at vertical nanogaps between them, resulting in dual-mode sensing dependent on the light polarization parallel or perpendicular to the nanobars. We demonstrate experimentally that a monolayer of octadecanethiol (ODT) molecules (thickness 2.5 nm) leads to significant antenna resonance wavelength shift over 136 nm in the parallel mode, corresponding to 7.5 nm for each carbon atom in the molecular chain or 54 nm for each nanometer in analyte thickness. Additionally, all four characteristic vibrational fingerprint signals, including the weak CH3 modes, are clearly delineated experimentally in both sensing modes. Such a dual-mode sensing with a broad wavelength design range (2.5 to 4.5 μm) is potentially useful for multianalyte detection. Additionally, we create a mathematical algorithm to design gold nanoparticles on VCCA sensors in simulation with their morphologies statistically identical to those in experiments and systematically investigate the impact of the nanoparticle morphology on the nanosensor performance. The nanoparticles form dense hot-spots, promote molecular adsorption, enhance near-field intensity 103 to 104 times, and improve ODT refractometric and fingerprint sensitivities. Our VCCA sensor structure offers a great design flexibility, dual-mode operation, and high detection sensitivity, making it feasible for broad applications from biomarker detection to environment monitoring and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Chen
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, ‡The Center for Photonics Innovation, and §Biodesign Center for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chu Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, ‡The Center for Photonics Innovation, and §Biodesign Center for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, ‡The Center for Photonics Innovation, and §Biodesign Center for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, ‡The Center for Photonics Innovation, and §Biodesign Center for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Roxworthy BJ, Aksyuk VA. Nanomechanical motion transduction with a scalable localized gap plasmon architecture. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13746. [PMID: 27922019 PMCID: PMC5150643 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic structures couple oscillating electromagnetic fields to conduction electrons in noble metals and thereby can confine optical-frequency excitations at nanometre scales. This confinement both facilitates miniaturization of nanophotonic devices and makes their response highly sensitive to mechanical motion. Mechanically coupled plasmonic devices thus hold great promise as building blocks for next-generation reconfigurable optics and metasurfaces. However, a flexible approach for accurately batch-fabricating high-performance plasmomechanical devices is currently lacking. Here we introduce an architecture integrating individual plasmonic structures with precise, nanometre features into tunable mechanical resonators. The localized gap plasmon resonators strongly couple light and mechanical motion within a three-dimensional, sub-diffraction volume, yielding large quality factors and record optomechanical coupling strength of 2 THz·nm−1. Utilizing these features, we demonstrate sensitive and spatially localized optical transduction of mechanical motion with a noise floor of 6 fm·Hz−1/2, representing a 1.5 orders of magnitude improvement over existing localized plasmomechanical systems. Flexible approaches are required for building plasmomechanical devices for tunable optical devices. Here, Roxworthy et al. introduce a plasmonic-nanoelectromechanical systems device where gap plasmon resonators are embedded into arrays of moving silicon nitride nanostructures, yielding thousands of devices per chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Roxworthy
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Vladimir A Aksyuk
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Fotouhi B, Ahmadi V, Faramarzi V. Nano-plasmonic-based structures for DNA sequencing. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4229-32. [PMID: 27628364 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose novel nano-plasmonic-based structures for rapid sequencing of DNA molecules. The optical properties of DNA nucleotides have notable differences in the ultraviolet (UV) region of light. Using nanopore, bowtie, and bowtie-nanopore compound structures, probable application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in DNA sequencing is investigated by employing the discrete dipole approximation method. The effects of different materials like chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), rhodium (Rh), and graphene (Gr) are studied. We show that for Cr/Al/Gr/Rh, the nucleotide presented shifts the SPR spectra for the nanopore 1/29/5/34 to 14/39/15/67 nm, bowtie 8/2/49/38 to 31/20/79/55 nm, and bowtie-nanopore compound 25/77/5/16 to 80/80/22/39 nm. The Cr-based compound structure shows excellent sensitivity and selectivity which can make it a promising methodology for DNA sequencing.
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15
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Sharac N, Sharma H, Veysi M, Sanderson RN, Khine M, Capolino F, Ragan R. Tunable optical response of bowtie nanoantenna arrays on thermoplastic substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:105302. [PMID: 26867001 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/10/105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermally responsive polymers present an interesting avenue for tuning the optical properties of nanomaterials on their surfaces by varying their periodicity and shape using facile processing methods. Gold bowtie nanoantenna arrays are fabricated using nanosphere lithography on prestressed polyolefin (PO), a thermoplastic polymer, and optical properties are investigated via a combination of spectroscopy and electromagnetic simulations to correlate shape evolution with optical response. Geometric features of bowtie nanoantennas evolve by annealing at temperatures between 105 °C and 135 °C by releasing the degree of prestress in PO. Due to the higher modulus of Au versus PO, compressive stress occurs on Au bowtie regions on PO, which leads to surface buckling at the two highest annealing temperatures; regions with a 5 nm gap between bowtie nanoantennas are observed and the average reduction is 75%. Reflectance spectroscopy and full-wave electromagnetic simulations both demonstrate the ability to tune the plasmon resonance wavelength with a window of approximately 90 nm in the range of annealing temperatures investigated. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements demonstrate that maximum enhancement is observed as the excitation wavelength approaches the plasmon resonance of Au bowtie nanoantennas. Both the size and morphology tunability offered by PO allows for customizing optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharac
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
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16
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Chen H, Bhuiya AM, Ding Q, Johnson HT, Toussaint KC. Towards do-it-yourself planar optical components using plasmon-assisted etching. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10468. [PMID: 26814026 PMCID: PMC4737853 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the push to foster increased technological innovation and basic scientific and engineering interest from the broadest sectors of society has helped to accelerate the development of do-it-yourself (DIY) components, particularly those related to low-cost microcontroller boards. The attraction with DIY kits is the simplification of the intervening steps going from basic design to fabrication, albeit typically at the expense of quality. We present herein plasmon-assisted etching as an approach to extend the DIY theme to optics, specifically the table-top fabrication of planar optical components. By operating in the design space between metasurfaces and traditional flat optical components, we employ arrays of Au pillar-supported bowtie nanoantennas as a template structure. To demonstrate, we fabricate a Fresnel zone plate, diffraction grating and holographic mode converter—all using the same template. Applications to nanotweezers and fabricating heterogeneous nanoantennas are also shown. Recently, there has been a growing interest in do-it-yourself components to accelerate development of inexpensive fabrication approaches. Here, Chen et al. present a plasmon-assisted etching technique to fabricate planar optical components using arrays of gold pillar-supported bowtie nanoantennas as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Abdul M Bhuiya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Qing Ding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Harley T Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kimani C Toussaint
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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17
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Wang Q, Liu L, Wang Y, Liu P, Jiang H, Xu Z, Ma Z, Oren S, Chow EKC, Lu M, Dong L. Tunable Optical Nanoantennas Incorporating Bowtie Nanoantenna Arrays with Stimuli-Responsive Polymer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18567. [PMID: 26681478 PMCID: PMC4683518 DOI: 10.1038/srep18567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a temperature-responsive tunable plasmonic device that incorporates coupled bowtie nanoantenna arrays (BNAs) with a submicron-thick, thermosensitive hydrogel coating. The coupled plasmonic nanoparticles provide an intrinsically higher field enhancement than conventional individual nanoparticles. The favorable scaling of plasmonic dimers at the nanometer scale and ionic diffusion at the submicron scale is leveraged to achieve strong optical resonance and rapid hydrogel response, respectively. We demonstrate that the hydrogel-coated BNAs are able to sense environmental temperature variations. The phase transition of hydrogel leads to 16.2 nm of resonant wavelength shift for the hydrogel-coated BNAs, whereas only 3 nm for the uncoated counterpart. The response time of the device to temperature variations is only 250 ms, due to the small hydrogel thickness at the submicron scale. The demonstration of the ability of the device to tune its optical resonance in response to an environmental stimulus (here, temperature) suggests a possibility of making many other tunable plasmonic devices through the incorporation of coupled plasmonic nanostructures and various environmental-responsive hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiugu Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Longju Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Huawei Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Seval Oren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Edmond K. C. Chow
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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18
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Wu K, Rindzevicius T, Schmidt MS, Mogensen KB, Xiao S, Boisen A. Plasmon resonances of Ag capped Si nanopillars fabricated using mask-less lithography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:12965-78. [PMID: 26074549 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.012965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) and plasmon couplings in Ag capped Si Nanopillar (Ag NP) structures are studied using 3D FEM simulations and dark-field scattering microscopy. Simulations show that a standalone Ag NP supports two LSPR modes, i.e. the particle mode and the cavity mode. The LSPR peak position of the particle mode can be tuned by changing the size of the Ag cap, and can be hybridized by leaning of pillars. The resonance position of the cavity resonance mode can be tuned primarily via the diameter of the Si pillar, and cannot be tuned via leaning of Ag NPs. The presence of a substrate dramatically changes the intensity of these two LSPR modes by introducing constructive and destructive interference patterns with incident and reflected fields. Experimental scattering spectra can be interpreted using theoretical simulations. The Ag NP substrate displays a broad plasmonic resonance band due to the contribution from both the hybridized particle LSPR and the cavity LSPR modes.
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19
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Chen H, Bhuiya AM, Ding Q, Toussaint KC. Plasmon-assisted audio recording. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9125. [PMID: 25773401 PMCID: PMC5390921 DOI: 10.1038/srep09125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of the recording of optically encoded audio onto a plasmonic nanostructure. Analogous to the "optical sound" approach used in the early twentieth century to store sound on photographic film, we show that arrays of gold, pillar-supported bowtie nanoantennas could be used in a similar fashion to store sound information that is transferred via an amplitude modulated optical signal to the near field of an optical microscope. Retrieval of the audio information is achieved using standard imaging optics. We demonstrate that the sound information can be stored either as time-varying waveforms or in the frequency domain as the corresponding amplitude and phase spectra. A "plasmonic musical keyboard" comprising of 8 basic musical notes is constructed and used to play a short song. For comparison, we employ the correlation coefficient, which reveals that original and retrieved sound files are similar with maximum and minimum values of 0.995 and 0.342, respectively. We also show that the pBNAs could be used for basic signal processing by ablating unwanted frequency components on the nanostructure thereby enabling physical notch filtering of these components. Our work introduces a new application domain for plasmonic nanoantennas and experimentally verifies their potential for information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Abdul M Bhuiya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Qing Ding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kimani C Toussaint
- 1] Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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