1
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Vasista AB, Dias EJC, García de Abajo FJ, Barnes WL. Role of Symmetry Breaking in Observing Strong Molecule-Cavity Coupling Using Dielectric Microspheres. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6737-6743. [PMID: 35920815 PMCID: PMC9413215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of dielectric open optical cavities has opened a new research avenue in nanophotonics. In particular, dielectric microspheres support a rich set of cavity modes with varying spectral characteristics, making them an ideal platform to study molecule-cavity interactions. The symmetry of the structure plays a critical role in the outcoupling of these modes and, hence, the perceived molecule-cavity coupling strength. Here, we experimentally and theoretically study molecule-cavity coupling mediated by the Mie scattering modes of a dielectric microsphere placed on a glass substrate and excited with far-field illumination, from which we collect scattering signatures both in the air and glass sides. Glass-side collection reveals clear signatures of strong molecule-cavity coupling (coupling strength 2g = 74 meV), in contrast to the air-side scattering signal. Rigorous electromagnetic modeling allows us to understand molecule-cavity coupling and unravel the role played by the spatial mode profile in the observed coupling strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh B. Vasista
- Nanophotonic
Systems Laboratory, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Exeter EX44QL, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo J. C. Dias
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - William L Barnes
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Exeter EX44QL, United Kingdom
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2
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Garbin B, Giraldo A, Peters KJH, Broderick NGR, Spakman A, Raineri F, Levenson A, Rodriguez SRK, Krauskopf B, Yacomotti AM. Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in a Coherently Driven Nanophotonic Bose-Hubbard Dimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:053901. [PMID: 35179911 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first experimental observation of spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SSB) in coherently driven-dissipative coupled optical cavities. SSB is observed as the breaking of the spatial or mirror Z_{2} symmetry between two symmetrically pumped and evanescently coupled photonic crystal nanocavities, and manifests itself as random intensity localization in one of the two cavities. We show that, in a system featuring repulsive boson interactions (U>0), the observation of a pure pitchfork bifurcation requires negative photon hopping energies (J<0), which we have realized in our photonic crystal molecule. SSB is observed over a wide range of the two-dimensional parameter space of driving intensity and detuning, where we also find a region that exhibits bistable symmetric behavior. Our results pave the way for the experimental study of limit cycles and deterministic chaos arising from SSB, as well as the study of nonclassical photon correlations close to SSB transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Garbin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Giraldo
- Department of Mathematics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Photon Factory, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - K J H Peters
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - N G R Broderick
- Photon Factory, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Physics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - A Spakman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Raineri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice, CNRS-UMR 7010, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - A Levenson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - S R K Rodriguez
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B Krauskopf
- Department of Mathematics and Dodd-Walls Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - A M Yacomotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Gao W, Huang C, Feng Z, Li M, Dong J. Circular dichroism metamirror with diversified chiral molecules combinations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33367-33379. [PMID: 34809150 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a giant circular dichroism (CD) chiral metamirror that differentially absorbs circularly polarized (CP) waves with dual/multi bands. The structure is composed of two variable τ resonators with counter split opening directions and different eigenfrequencies. Even more important, these two resonators are aligned vertically, and then integrated into one periodical unit cell, which results in the high-efficiency absorptive CD. The chiral metamirror has a narrow-band absorption of the left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) wave for lower resonance, and a broadband absorption of the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) wave in the higher-frequency range. Optical resonator designs with diversified chiral molecules combinations are further studied in detail. Through the study of different periodic arrangements, parameters scanning optimization, and power loss distributions, it is proved that the overall permutation symmetry breakdown of total combined chiral molecules is the determining factor for the absorptive CD. Based on the principle in the microwave model, two mid-infrared chiral metamirrors are further realized, which can still show good spin-dependent absorption. This multi-polarization and multifunction response advance novel photonic devices for a variety of applications including CP laser, biomolecules detection, and energy harvester.
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4
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Chen J, Zeng J. Spontaneous symmetry breaking in purely nonlinear fractional systems. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:063131. [PMID: 32611086 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking, a spontaneous course of breaking the spatial symmetry (parity) of the system, is known to exist in many branches of physics, including condensed-matter physics, high-energy physics, nonlinear optics, and Bose-Einstein condensates. In recent years, the spontaneous symmetry breaking of solitons in nonlinear wave systems is broadly studied; understanding such a phenomenon in nonlinear fractional quantum mechanics with space fractional derivatives (the purely nonlinear fractional systems whose fundamental properties are governed by a nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation), however, remains pending. Here, we survey symmetry breaking of solitons in fractional systems (with the fractional diffraction order being formulated by the Lévy index α) of a nonlinear double-well structure and find several kinds of soliton families in the forms of symmetric and anti-symmetric soliton states as well as asymmetric states. Linear stability and dynamical properties of these soliton states are explored relying on linear-stability analysis and direct perturbed simulations, with which the existence and stability regions of all the soliton families in the respective physical parameter space are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
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5
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Wang L, Huang X, Li M, Dong J. Chirality selective metamaterial absorber with dual bands. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25983-25993. [PMID: 31510460 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a sensitive chirality selective metamaterial absorber (CSMA) is constructed by using 'I-shaped' resonator with asymmetric twisted metallic wires. Absorption of 95.18% and 91.77% at two resonant frequencies can be achieved for left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) incident wave, with little loss of right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) incident wave, which results in significant absorptive circular dichroism. Not only can the CSMA intensely absorb LCP illumination with dual bands, but also circularly polarized (CP) conversion for RCP wave is achieved over a broad bandwidth. The spin-dependent absorption, closely linked to chiral symmetry breaking, is investigated through oblique incidence, power loss distribution and scanning parameters optimization. The proposed strategy is further demonstrated in mid-infrared band which could advance the applications in polarization manipulation to circularly polarized detectors/lasers, chiral sensing/bolometers, and molecular spectroscopy.
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6
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Leitis A, Tittl A, Liu M, Lee BH, Gu MB, Kivshar YS, Altug H. Angle-multiplexed all-dielectric metasurfaces for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw2871. [PMID: 31123705 PMCID: PMC6527437 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy resolves the structure of molecules by detecting their characteristic vibrational fingerprints. Subwavelength light confinement and nanophotonic enhancement have extended the scope of this technique for monolayer studies. However, current approaches still require complex spectroscopic equipment or tunable light sources. Here, we introduce a novel metasurface-based method for detecting molecular absorption fingerprints over a broad spectrum, which combines the device-level simplicity of state-of-the-art angle-scanning refractometric sensors with the chemical specificity of infrared spectroscopy. Specifically, we develop germanium-based high-Q metasurfaces capable of delivering a multitude of spectrally selective and surface-sensitive resonances between 1100 and 1800 cm-1. We use this approach to detect distinct absorption signatures of different interacting analytes including proteins, aptamers, and polylysine. In combination with broadband incoherent illumination and detection, our method correlates the total reflectance signal at each incidence angle with the strength of the molecular absorption, enabling spectrometer-less operation in a compact angle-scanning configuration ideally suited for field-deployable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandrs Leitis
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Mingkai Liu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Bock Gu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri S. Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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7
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Liu M, Choi DY. Extreme Huygens' Metasurfaces Based on Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:8062-8069. [PMID: 30499674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of and a generic approach to realizing extreme Huygens' metasurfaces by bridging the concepts of Huygens' conditions and optical bound states in the continuum. This novel paradigm allows the creation of Huygens' metasurfaces with quality factors that can be tuned over orders of magnitude, generating extremely dispersive phase modulation. We validate this concept with a proof-of-concept experiment at the near-infrared wavelengths, demonstrating all-dielectric Huygens' metasurfaces with different quality factors. Our study points out a practical route for controlling the radiative decay rate while maintaining the Huygens' condition, complementing existing Huygens' metasurfaces whose bandwidths are relatively broad and complicated to tune. This novel feature can provide new insight for various applications, including optical sensing, dispersion engineering and pulse shaping, tunable metasurfaces, metadevices with high spectral selectivity, and nonlinear meta-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- College of Information Science and Technology , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
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8
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Viaene S, Ginis V, Danckaert J, Tassin P. Do Optomechanical Metasurfaces Run Out of Time? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:197402. [PMID: 29799230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.197402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificially structured metasurfaces make use of specific configurations of subwavelength resonators to efficiently manipulate electromagnetic waves. Additionally, optomechanical metasurfaces have the desired property that their actual configuration may be tuned by adjusting the power of a pump beam, as resonators move to balance pump-induced electromagnetic forces with forces due to elastic filaments or substrates. Although the reconfiguration time of optomechanical metasurfaces crucially determines their performance, the transient dynamics of unit cells from one equilibrium state to another is not understood. Here, we make use of tools from nonlinear dynamics to analyze the transient dynamics of generic optomechanical metasurfaces based on a damped-resonator model with one configuration parameter. We show that the reconfiguration time of optomechanical metasurfaces is not only limited by the elastic properties of the unit cell but also by the nonlinear dependence of equilibrium states on the pump power. For example, when switching is enabled by hysteresis phenomena, the reconfiguration time is seen to increase by over an order of magnitude. To illustrate these results, we analyze the nonlinear dynamics of a bilayer cross-wire metasurface whose optical activity is tuned by an electromagnetic torque. Moreover, we provide a lower bound for the configuration time of generic optomechanical metasurfaces. This lower bound shows that optomechanical metasurfaces cannot be faster than state-of-the-art switches at reasonable powers, even at optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Viaene
- Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vincent Ginis
- Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jan Danckaert
- Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Philippe Tassin
- Applied Physics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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9
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Yue S, Liu S, Hou Y, Zhang Z. Tailorable chiral optical response through coupling among plasmonic meta-atoms with distinct shapes. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1111-1114. [PMID: 29489792 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures with giant and tunable chiral optical responses hold great potential in chiral sensing applications for chemistry, biology, and pharmacy, etc. For the origin of the chiral optical response of artificial plasmonic chiral assemblies, resonant and off-resonant coupling mechanisms have been figured out. However, most existing chiral plasmonic assemblies are based on only one mechanism, where strong optical chirality always compromises with spectral tunability. To release the trade-off between the strength and spectral tunability, we employ a combination of resonant and off-resonant coupling mechanisms and demonstrate a pronounced and tailorable chiral optical response based on plasmonic meta-atoms with distinct shapes. We anticipate that our strategy provides more flexibility in designing chiral plamsonic nanostructures and promotes the field further towards customized chiral plasmonic platforms.
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10
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Dong GH, Zhang ZW, Sun CP, Gong ZR. Vector Form of Symmetry Degree. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12947. [PMID: 29021626 PMCID: PMC5636841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetry degree is utilized to characterize the asymmetry of a physical system with respect to a symmetry group. The scalar form of symmetry degree (SSD) based on Frobenius-norm has been introduced recently to present a quantitative description of symmetry. Here we present the vector form of the symmetry degree (VSD) which possesses more advantages than the SSD. Mathematically, the dimension of VSD is defined as the conjugacy class number of the symmetry group, the square length of the VSD gives rise to the SSD and the direction of VSD is determined by the orders of the conjugacy classes. The merits of applying VSD both for finite and infinite symmetry groups include the additional information of broken symmetry operators with single symmetry breaking perturbation, and the capability of distinguishing distinct symmetry breaking perturbations which exactly give rise to degenerate SSD. Additionally, the VSD for physical systems under symmetry breaking perturbations can be regarded as a projection of the initial VSD without any symmetry breaking perturbations, which can be described by an evolution equation. There are the same advantages by applying VSD for the accidental degeneracy and spontaneous symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Dong
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Z W Zhang
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - C P Sun
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Z R Gong
- College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China. .,Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100084, China.
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11
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Kozlova SG, Gabuda SP. Thermal properties of Zn 2(C 8H 4O 4) 2•C 6H 12N 2 metal-organic framework compound and mirror symmetry violation of dabco molecules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11505. [PMID: 28912483 PMCID: PMC5599621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal properties of Zn2(C8H4O4)2•C6H12N2 metal-organic framework compound at 8-300 K suggest the possibility of subbarrier tunnelling transitions between left-twisted (S) and right-twisted (R) forms of C6H12N2 dabco molecules with D3 point symmetry. The data agree with those obtained for the temperature behavior of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times. It is shown that there is a temperature range where the transitions are stopped. Therefore, Zn2(C8H4O4)2•C6H12N2 and related compounds are interesting objects to study the effect of spontaneous mirror-symmetry breaking and stabilization of chiral isomeric molecules in solids at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana G Kozlova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Svyatoslav P Gabuda
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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12
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Liu M, Susli M, Silva D, Putrino G, Kala H, Fan S, Cole M, Faraone L, Wallace VP, Padilla WJ, Powell DA, Shadrivov IV, Martyniuk M. Ultrathin tunable terahertz absorber based on MEMS-driven metamaterial. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2017; 3:17033. [PMID: 31057871 PMCID: PMC6445006 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The realization of high-performance tunable absorbers for terahertz frequencies is crucial for advancing applications such as single-pixel imaging and spectroscopy. Based on the strong position sensitivity of metamaterials' electromagnetic response, we combine meta-atoms that support strongly localized modes with suspended flat membranes that can be driven electrostatically. This design maximizes the tunability range for small mechanical displacements of the membranes. We employ a micro-electro-mechanical system technology and successfully fabricate the devices. Our prototype devices are among the best-performing tunable THz absorbers demonstrated to date, with an ultrathin device thickness (~1/50 of the working wavelength), absorption varying between 60% and 80% in the initial state when the membranes remain suspended, and fast switching speed (~27 μs). The absorption is tuned by an applied voltage, with the most marked results achieved when the structure reaches the snap-down state. In this case, the resonance shifts by >200% of the linewidth (14% of the initial resonance frequency), and the absolute absorption modulation measured at the initial resonance can reach 65%. The demonstrated approach can be further optimized and extended to benefit numerous applications in THz technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Liu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mohamad Susli
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Dilusha Silva
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gino Putrino
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hemendra Kala
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shuting Fan
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Cole
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Faraone
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vincent P. Wallace
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Willie J. Padilla
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David A. Powell
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ilya V. Shadrivov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mariusz Martyniuk
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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13
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Cao QT, Wang H, Dong CH, Jing H, Liu RS, Chen X, Ge L, Gong Q, Xiao YF. Experimental Demonstration of Spontaneous Chirality in a Nonlinear Microresonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:033901. [PMID: 28157372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.033901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is an asymmetric property widely found in nature. Here, we propose and demonstrate experimentally the spontaneous emergence of chirality in an on-chip ultrahigh-Q whispering-gallery microresonator, without broken parity or time-reversal symmetry. This counterintuitive effect arises due to the inherent Kerr-nonlinearity-modulated coupling between clockwise and counterclockwise propagating waves. Above an input threshold of a few hundred microwatts, the initial chiral symmetry is broken spontaneously, and the counterpropagating output ratio exceeds 20∶1 with bidirectional inputs. The spontaneous chirality in an on-chip microresonator holds great potential in studies of fundamental physics and applied photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Heming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ge
- Department of Engineering Science and Physics, College of Staten Island, CUNY, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
- The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of Physics, Peking University; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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14
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Shamriz E, Dror N, Malomed BA. Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a split potential box. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:022211. [PMID: 27627302 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report results of an analysis of the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in a basic (actually, simplest) model that is capable of producing the SSB phenomenology in a one-dimensional setting. It is based on the Gross-Pitaevskii-nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the cubic self-attractive term and a double-well potential built as an infinitely deep potential box split by a narrow (δ functional) barrier. The barrier's strength ɛ is the single free parameter of the scaled form of the model. It may be implemented in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates and nonlinear optics. The SSB bifurcation of the symmetric ground state (g.s.) is predicted analytically in two limit cases, viz., for deep or weak splitting of the potential box by the barrier (ɛ≫1 or ɛ≪1, respectively). For the generic case, a variational approximation (VA) is elaborated. The analytical findings are presented along with systematic numerical results. The stability of stationary states is studied through the calculation of eigenvalues for small perturbations and by means of direct simulations. The g.s. always undergoes the SSB bifurcation of the supercritical type, as predicted by the VA at moderate values of ɛ, although the VA fails at small ɛ, due to inapplicability of the underlying ansatz in that case. However, the latter case is correctly treated by the approximation based on a soliton ansatz. On top of the g.s., the first and second excited states are studied too. The antisymmetric mode (the first excited state) is destabilized at a critical value of its norm. The second excited state undergoes SSB bifurcation, like the g.s., but, unlike it, the bifurcation produces an unstable asymmetric mode. All unstable modes tend to spontaneously reshape into the asymmetric g.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Shamriz
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nir Dror
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Boris A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Laboratory of Nonlinear-Optical Informatics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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Liu M, Fan K, Padilla W, Powell DA, Zhang X, Shadrivov IV. Tunable Meta-Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1553-8. [PMID: 26644296 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Meta-liquid crystals, a novel form of tunable 3D metamaterials, are proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the terahertz frequency regime. A morphology change under a bias electric field and a strong modulation of the transmission are observed. In comparison to conventional liquid crystals, there is considerable freedom to prescribe the electromagnetic properties through the judicious design of the meta-atom geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Liu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kebin Fan
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Willie Padilla
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - David A Powell
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ilya V Shadrivov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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16
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Liu S, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Gu L, Zou G, Bao J, Dai Z. Electrochemiluminescence Tuned by Electron–Hole Recombination from Symmetry-Breaking in Wurtzite ZnSe. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1154-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suli Liu
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bao
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Jiangsu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry
and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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17
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Khoo EH, Leong ESP, Wu SJ, Phua WK, Hor YL, Liu YJ. Effects of asymmetric nanostructures on the extinction difference properties of actin biomolecules and filaments. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19658. [PMID: 26792371 PMCID: PMC4726270 DOI: 10.1038/srep19658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, symmetric and asymmetric tapering on the arms of the gammadion nanostructure is proposed to enhance both local field distribution and extinction difference (ED). The asymmetric tapered gammadion with tapering fraction (TF) of 0.67 is seen to have the largest ED and spatial local field distribution, producing a large wavelength shift of more than 50 percent as compared to the untapered gammadion nanostructures when immersed in a solution of actin molecules and filaments. The optical chirality, ζ shows that the larger local field amplitudes produced by the asymmetric designs increases the rate of chiral molecules excitation. This enhanced field is strongly rotating and highly sensitive to single molecules and larger filaments. Here, we show that the ED, optical chirality, sensitivity and rate of chiral molecules excitation can be improved by incorporating asymmetric designs into chiral gammadion nanostructures through tapering.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Khoo
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Eunice S P Leong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - S J Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - W K Phua
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Y L Hor
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Y J Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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19
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Ostovar pour S, Rocks L, Faulds K, Graham D, Parchaňský V, Bouř P, Blanch EW. Through-space transfer of chiral information mediated by a plasmonic nanomaterial. Nat Chem 2015; 7:591-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gorkunov MV, Dmitrienko VE, Ezhov AA, Artemov VV, Rogov OY. Implications of the causality principle for ultra chiral metamaterials. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9273. [PMID: 25787007 PMCID: PMC4365392 DOI: 10.1038/srep09273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral metamaterials – artificial subwavelength structures with broken mirror symmetry – demonstrate outstanding degree of optical chirality that exhibits sophisticated spectral behavior and can eventually reach extreme values. Based on the fundamental causality principle we show how one can unambiguously relate the metamaterial circular dichroism and optical activity by the generalized Kramers-Kronig relations. Contrary to the conventional relations, the generalized ones provide a unique opportunity of extracting information on material-dependent zeroes of transmission coefficient in the upper half plane of complex frequency. We illustrate the merit of the formulated relations by applying them to the observed ultra chiral optical transmission spectra of subwavelength arrays of chiral holes in silver films. Apart from the possibility of precise verification of experimental data, the relations enable resolving complex eigenfrequencies of metamaterial intrinsic modes and resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Gorkunov
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir E Dmitrienko
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ezhov
- 1] A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia [2] M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia [3] A. V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Artemov
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Y Rogov
- A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
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