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Saville KM, Al-Rahahleh RQ, Siddiqui AH, Andrews ME, Roos WP, Koczor CA, Andrews JF, Hayat F, Migaud ME, Sobol RW. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate suppresses basal protein levels of DNA polymerase beta that enhances alkylating agent and PARG inhibition induced cytotoxicity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103700. [PMID: 38897003 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase isoform 1 (IDH1) are primarily found in secondary glioblastoma (GBM) and low-grade glioma but are rare in primary GBM. The standard treatment for GBM includes radiation combined with temozolomide, an alkylating agent. Fortunately, IDH1 mutant gliomas are sensitive to this treatment, resulting in a more favorable prognosis. However, it's estimated that up to 75 % of IDH1 mutant gliomas will progress to WHO grade IV over time and develop resistance to alkylating agents. Therefore, understanding the mechanism(s) by which IDH1 mutant gliomas confer sensitivity to alkylating agents is crucial for developing targeted chemotherapeutic approaches. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is responsible for repairing most base damage induced by alkylating agents. Defects in this pathway can lead to hypersensitivity to these agents due to unresolved DNA damage. The coordinated assembly and disassembly of BER protein complexes are essential for cell survival and for maintaining genomic integrity following alkylating agent exposure. These complexes rely on poly-ADP-ribose formation, an NAD+-dependent post-translational modification synthesized by PARP1 and PARP2 during the BER process. At the lesion site, poly-ADP-ribose facilitates the recruitment of XRCC1. This scaffold protein helps assemble BER proteins like DNA polymerase beta (Polβ), a bifunctional DNA polymerase containing both DNA synthesis and 5'-deoxyribose-phosphate lyase (5'dRP lyase) activity. Here, we confirm that IDH1 mutant glioma cells have defective NAD+ metabolism, but still produce sufficient nuclear NAD+ for robust PARP1 activation and BER complex formation in response to DNA damage. However, the overproduction of 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite produced by the IDH1 R132H mutant protein, suppresses BER capacity by reducing Polβ protein levels. This defines a novel mechanism by which the IDH1 mutation in gliomas confers cellular sensitivity to alkylating agents and to inhibitors of the poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase, PARG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Saville
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Rasha Q Al-Rahahleh
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Aisha H Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Morgan E Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Wynand P Roos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Joel F Andrews
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, United States; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
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2
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Inanc B, Fang Q, Andrews JF, Zeng X, Clark J, Li J, Dey NB, Ibrahim M, Sykora P, Yu Z, Braganza A, Verheij M, Jonkers J, Yates NA, Vens C, Sobol RW. TRIP12 governs DNA Polymerase β involvement in DNA damage response and repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588474. [PMID: 38645048 PMCID: PMC11030427 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The multitude of DNA lesion types, and the nuclear dynamic context in which they occur, present a challenge for genome integrity maintenance as this requires the engagement of different DNA repair pathways. Specific 'repair controllers' that facilitate DNA repair pathway crosstalk between double strand break (DSB) repair and base excision repair (BER), and regulate BER protein trafficking at lesion sites, have yet to be identified. We find that DNA polymerase β (Polβ), crucial for BER, is ubiquitylated in a BER complex-dependent manner by TRIP12, an E3 ligase that partners with UBR5 and restrains DSB repair signaling. Here we find that, TRIP12, but not UBR5, controls cellular levels and chromatin loading of Polβ. Required for Polβ foci formation, TRIP12 regulates Polβ involvement after DNA damage. Notably, excessive TRIP12-mediated shuttling of Polβ affects DSB formation and radiation sensitivity, underscoring its precedence for BER. We conclude that the herein discovered trafficking function at the nexus of DNA repair signaling pathways, towards Polβ-directed BER, optimizes DNA repair pathway choice at complex lesion sites.
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Moor NA, Vasil'eva IA, Lavrik OI. Human DNA ligases I and IIIα as determinants of accuracy and efficiency of base excision DNA repair. Biochimie 2024; 219:84-95. [PMID: 37573020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Base Excision Repair (BER) DNA ligases I and IIIα (LigI, LigIIIα) are major determinants of DNA repair fidelity, alongside with DNA polymerases. Here we compared activities of human LigI and LigIIIα on specific and nonspecific substrates representing intermediates of distinct BER sub-pathways. The enzymes differently discriminate mismatches in the nicked DNA, depending on their identity and position, but are both more selective against the 3'-end non-complementarity. LigIIIα is less active than LigI in premature ligation of one-nucleotide gapped DNA and more efficiently discriminates misinsertion products of DNA polymerase β-catalyzed gap filling, that reinforces a leading role of LigIIIα in the accuracy of short-patch BER. LigI and LigIIIα reseal the intermediate of long-patch BER containing an incised synthetic AP site (F) with different efficiencies, depending on the DNA sequence context, 3'-end mismatch presence and coupling of the ligation reaction with DNA repair synthesis. Processing of this intermediate in the absence of flap endonuclease 1 generates non-canonical DNAs with bulged F site, which are very inefficiently repaired by AP endonuclease 1 and represent potential mutagenic repair products. The extent of conversion of the 5'-adenylated intermediates of specific and nonspecific substrates is revealed to depend on the DNA sequence context; a higher sensitivity of LigI to the sequence is in line with the enzyme structural feature of DNA binding. LigIIIα exceeds LigI in generation of potential abortive ligation products, justifying importance of XRCC1-mediated coordination of LigIIIα and aprataxin activities for the efficient DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Moor
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Inna A Vasil'eva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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4
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Sobol RW. Mouse models to explore the biological and organismic role of DNA polymerase beta. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65 Suppl 1:57-71. [PMID: 38619421 PMCID: PMC11027944 DOI: 10.1002/em.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gene knock-out (KO) mouse models for DNA polymerase beta (Polβ) revealed that loss of Polβ leads to neonatal lethality, highlighting the critical organismic role for this DNA polymerase. While biochemical analysis and gene KO cell lines have confirmed its biochemical role in base excision repair and in TET-mediated demethylation, more long-lived mouse models continue to be developed to further define its organismic role. The Polb-KO mouse was the first of the Cre-mediated tissue-specific KO mouse models. This technology was exploited to investigate roles for Polβ in V(D)J recombination (variable-diversity-joining rearrangement), DNA demethylation, gene complementation, SPO11-induced DNA double-strand break repair, germ cell genome stability, as well as neuronal differentiation, susceptibility to genotoxin-induced DNA damage, and cancer onset. The revolution in knock-in (KI) mouse models was made possible by CRISPR/cas9-mediated gene editing directly in C57BL/6 zygotes. This technology has helped identify phenotypes associated with germline or somatic mutants of Polβ. Such KI mouse models have helped uncover the importance of key Polβ active site residues or specific Polβ enzyme activities, such as the PolbY265C mouse that develops lupus symptoms. More recently, we have used this KI technology to mutate the Polb gene with two codon changes, yielding the PolbL301R/V303R mouse. In this KI mouse model, the expressed Polβ protein cannot bind to its obligate heterodimer partner, Xrcc1. Although the expressed mutant Polβ protein is proteolytically unstable and defective in recruitment to sites of DNA damage, the homozygous PolbL301R/V303R mouse is viable and fertile, yet small in stature. We expect that this and additional targeted mouse models under development are poised to reveal new biological and organismic roles for Polβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
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5
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Almohdar D, Gulkis M, Ortiz A, Tang Q, Sobol RW, Çağlayan M. Impact of polβ/XRCC1 Interaction Variants on the Efficiency of Nick Sealing by DNA Ligase IIIα in the Base Excision Repair Pathway. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168410. [PMID: 38135179 PMCID: PMC11090158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) requires a coordination from gap filling by DNA polymerase (pol) β to subsequent nick sealing by DNA ligase (LIG) IIIα at downstream steps of the repair pathway. X-ray cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), a non-enzymatic scaffolding protein, forms repair complexes with polβ and LIGIIIα. Yet, the impact of the polβ mutations that affect XRCC1 interaction and protein stability on the repair pathway coordination during nick sealing by LIGIIIα remains unknown. Our results show that the polβ colon cancer-associated variant T304 exhibits a reduced interaction with XRCC1 and the mutations in the interaction interface of V303 loop (L301R/V303R/V306R) and at the lysine residues (K206A/K244A) that prevent ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the protein exhibit a diminished repair protein complex formation with XRCC1. Furthermore, we demonstrate no significant effect on gap and nick DNA binding affinity of wild-type polβ by these mutations. Finally, our results reveal that XRCC1 leads to an efficient channeling of nick repair products after nucleotide incorporation by polβ variants to LIGIIIα, which is compromised by the L301R/V303R/V306R and K206A/K244A mutations. Overall, our findings provide insight into how the mutations in the polβ/XRCC1 interface and the regions affecting protein stability could dictate accurate BER pathway coordination at the downstream steps involving nick sealing by LIGIIIα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Almohdar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mitchell Gulkis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Abigail Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Qun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Melike Çağlayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Al-Rahahleh RQ, Saville KM, Andrews JF, Wu Z, Koczor CA, Sobol RW. Overexpression of the WWE domain of RNF146 modulates poly-(ADP)-ribose dynamics at sites of DNA damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.29.573650. [PMID: 38234836 PMCID: PMC10793466 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification formed by transfer of successive units of ADP-ribose to target proteins to form poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) chains. PAR plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by acting as a signaling platform to promote the recruitment of DNA repair factors to the sites of DNA damage that bind via their PAR-binding domains (PBDs). Several classes of PBD families have been recognized, which identify distinct parts of the PAR chain. Proteins encoding PBDs play an essential role in conveying the PAR-mediated signal through their interaction with PAR chains, which mediates many cellular functions, including the DDR. The WWE domain identifies the iso-ADP-ribose moiety of the PAR chain. We recently described the WWE domain of RNF146 as a robust genetically encoded probe, when fused to EGFP, for detection of PAR in live cells. Here, we evaluated other PBD candidates as molecular PAR probes in live cells, including several other WWE domains and an engineered macrodomain. In addition, we demonstrate unique PAR dynamics when tracked by different PAR binding domains, a finding that that can be exploited for modulation of the PAR-dependent DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Q. Al-Rahahleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kate M. Saville
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Joel F. Andrews
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Zhijin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Christopher A. Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Pharmacology & Mitchell Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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7
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Price ZK, Lokman NA, Sugiyama M, Koya Y, Yoshihara M, Oehler MK, Kajiyama H, Ricciardelli C. Disabled-2: a protein up-regulated by high molecular weight hyaluronan has both tumor promoting and tumor suppressor roles in ovarian cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:320. [PMID: 37815603 PMCID: PMC10564841 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the pro-tumorigenic functions of hyaluronan (HA) are well documented there is limited information on the effects and targets of different molecular weight HA. Here, we investigated the effects of 27 kDa, 183 kDa and 1000 kDa HA on ES-2 ovarian cancer cells overexpressing the stem cell associated protein, Notch3. 1000 kDA HA promoted spheroid formation in ES-2 cells mixed with ES-2 overexpressing Notch3 (1:3). We report disabled-2 (DAB2) as a novel protein regulated by 1000 kDa HA and further investigated its role in ovarian cancer. DAB2 was downregulated in ovarian cancer compared to normal tissues but increased in metastatic ovarian tumors compared to primary tumors. High DAB2 expression was associated with poor patient outcome and positively correlated with HA synthesis enzyme HAS2, HA receptor CD44 and EMT and macrophage markers. Stromal DAB2 immunostaining was significantly increased in matched ovarian cancer tissues at relapse compared to diagnosis and associated with reduced survival. The proportion of DAB2 positive macrophages was significantly increased in metastatic ovarian cancer tissues compared to primary cancers. However, DAB2 overexpression significantly reduced invasion by both A2780 and OVCAR3 cells in vivo. Our research identifies a novel relationship between HA signalling, Notch3 and DAB2. We highlight a complex relationship of both pro-tumorigenic and tumor suppressive functions of DAB2 in ovarian cancer. Our findings highlight that DAB2 has a direct tumor suppressive role on ovarian cancer cells. The pro-tumorigenic role of DAB2 may be mediated by tumour associated macrophages and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe K Price
- Reproductive Cancer Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Reproductive Cancer Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Martin K Oehler
- Reproductive Cancer Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Reproductive Cancer Group, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Level 5, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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8
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He X, Yao W, Zhu JD, Jin X, Liu XY, Zhang KJ, Zhao SL. Potent antitumor efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells armed with YSCH-01 oncolytic adenovirus. J Transl Med 2023; 21:688. [PMID: 37789452 PMCID: PMC10546667 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic administration of oncolytic adenovirus for cancer therapy is still a challenge. Mesenchymal stem cells as cell carriers have gained increasing attention in drug delivery due to their excellent tumor tropism, immunosuppressive modulatory effects, and paracrine effects. However, the potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) loaded with oncolytic adenovirus for cancer biotherapy has not been investigated yet. METHODS The stemness of hDPSCs was characterized by FACS analysis and Alizarin red staining, Oil Red O staining, and immunofluorescence assays. The biological fitness of hDPSCs loaded with oncolytic adenovirus YSCH-01 was confirmed by virus infection with different dosages and cell viability CCK-8 assays. Additionally, the expression of CAR receptor in hDPSCs was detected by qPCR assay. Tumor tropism of hDPSC loaded with YSCH-01 in vitro and in vivo was investigated by Transwell assays and living tumor-bearing mice imaging technology and immunohistochemistry, Panoramic scanning of frozen section slices assay analysis. Furthermore, the antitumor efficacy was observed through the different routes of YSCH-01/hPDSCs administration in SW780 and SCC152 xenograft models. The direct tumor cell-killing effect of YSCH-01/hDPSCs in the co-culture system was studied, and the supernatant of YSCH-01/hDPSCs inhibited cell growth was further analyzed by CCK-8 assays. RESULTS hDPSCs were found to be susceptible to infection by a novel oncolytic adenovirus named YSCH-01 and were capable of transporting this virus to tumor sites at 1000 VP/cell infectious dosage in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, it was discovered that intraperitoneal injection of hDPSCs loaded with oncolytic adenovirus YSCH-01 exhibited potential anti-tumor effects in both SW780 and SCC152 xenograft models. The crucial role played by the supernatant secretome derived from hDPSCs loaded with YSCH-01 significantly exerted a specific anti-tumor effect without toxicity for normal cells, in both an active oncolytic virus and an exogenous protein-independent manner. Furthermore, the use of hDPSCs as a cell carrier significantly reduced the required dosage of virus delivery in vivo compared to other methods. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the promising clinical potential of hDPSCs as a novel cell carrier in the field of oncolytic virus-based anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Shanghai Fengxian Stomatological Hospital, 189 Wanghe Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Ji-Ding Zhu
- Shanghai Fengxian Stomatological Hospital, 189 Wanghe Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, 1588 Huhang Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Kang-Jian Zhang
- Academician Expert Workstation of Fengxian District, Shanghai Yuansong Biotechnology Limited Company, 1588 Huhang Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201499, China.
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Shou-Liang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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9
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Su M, Zhou S, Li J, Lin N, Chi T, Zhang M, Lv X, Hu Y, Bai T, Chang F. Benzo(a)pyrene regulates chaperone-mediated autophagy via heat shock protein 90. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00208-4. [PMID: 37390851 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Some studies have shown that the Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exposure induced oxidative damage, DNA damage and autophagy, but the molecular mechanism is not clear. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is regarded as an important target in cancer therapy and a key factor in autophagy. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the new mechanism of BaP regulating CMA through HSP90. MAIN METHODS C57BL mice were fed with BaP at a dose of 25.3mg/kg. A549 cells were treated with different concerntrations of BaP, and MTT assay was used to observe the effect of BaP on the proliferation of A549 cells. DNA damage was detected by alkaline comet assay. Focus experiment for detection of γ-H2AX by immunofluorescence. The mRNA expression of HSP90, HSC70 and Lamp-2a was detected by qPCR. The protein expressions of HSP90, HSC70 and Lamp-2a were detected by Western blot. Next, we knocked down HSP90 expression by the HSP90 Inhibitor, NVP-AUY 922, exposed or HSP90α shRNA lentivirus transduction in A549 cells. KEY FINDINGS In these studies, we first found that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), heat shock cognate 70 (HSC70) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein type 2 receptor (Lamp-2a) expressions of C57BL mice lung tissue and A549 cells exposed to BaP were significant increase, as well as BaP induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and activated DNA damage responses, as evidenced by comet assay and γ-H2AX foci analysis in A549 cells. Our results demonstrated BaP induced CMA and caused DNA damage. Next, we knocked down HSP90 expression by the HSP90 Inhibitor, NVP-AUY 922, exposed or HSP90α shRNA lentivirus transduction in A549 cells. HSC70 and Lamp-2a expressions of these cells exposed to BaP were not significant increase, which showed that BaP inducted CMA was mediated by HSP90. Further, HSP90α shRNA prevented BaP induced of BaP which suggested BaP regulated CMA and caused DNA damage by HSP90. Our results elucidated a new mechanism of BaP regulated CMA through HSP90. SIGNIFICANCE BaP regulated CMA through HSP90. HSP90 is involved in the regulation of gene instability induced by DNA damage by BaP, which promotes CMA. Our study also revealed that BaP regulates CMA through HSP90. This study fills the gap of the effect of BaP on autophagy and its mechanism, which will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the action mechanism of BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; GLP Center of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia New Drug Screening Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Nan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Chi
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; GLP Center of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia New Drug Screening Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; GLP Center of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia New Drug Screening Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Tuya Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia New Drug Screening Engineering Research Center, Hohhot, China.
| | - Fuhou Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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10
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Kratz A, Kim M, Kelly MR, Zheng F, Koczor CA, Li J, Ono K, Qin Y, Churas C, Chen J, Pillich RT, Park J, Modak M, Collier R, Licon K, Pratt D, Sobol RW, Krogan NJ, Ideker T. A multi-scale map of protein assemblies in the DNA damage response. Cell Syst 2023; 14:447-463.e8. [PMID: 37220749 PMCID: PMC10330685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) ensures error-free DNA replication and transcription and is disrupted in numerous diseases. An ongoing challenge is to determine the proteins orchestrating DDR and their organization into complexes, including constitutive interactions and those responding to genomic insult. Here, we use multi-conditional network analysis to systematically map DDR assemblies at multiple scales. Affinity purifications of 21 DDR proteins, with/without genotoxin exposure, are combined with multi-omics data to reveal a hierarchical organization of 605 proteins into 109 assemblies. The map captures canonical repair mechanisms and proposes new DDR-associated proteins extending to stress, transport, and chromatin functions. We find that protein assemblies closely align with genetic dependencies in processing specific genotoxins and that proteins in multiple assemblies typically act in multiple genotoxin responses. Follow-up by DDR functional readouts newly implicates 12 assembly members in double-strand-break repair. The DNA damage response assemblies map is available for interactive visualization and query (ccmi.org/ddram/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kratz
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA; University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Marcus R Kelly
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fan Zheng
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Keiichiro Ono
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Qin
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Churas
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rudolf T Pillich
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jisoo Park
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maya Modak
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Collier
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kate Licon
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dexter Pratt
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- University of South Alabama, Department of Pharmacology and Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Legorreta Cancer Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; The Cancer Cell Map Initiative, San Francisco and La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Zhang F, Xu LD, Zhang Q, Wang A, Yu X, Liu S, Chen C, Wu S, Jin J, Lin A, Neculai D, Zhao B, Feng XH, Liang T, Xu P, Huang YW. Targeting proteostasis of the HEV replicase to combat infection in preclinical models. J Hepatol 2023; 78:704-716. [PMID: 36574921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Appropriate treatment options are lacking for hepatitis E virus (HEV)-infected pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Thus, we aimed to identify efficient anti-HEV drugs through high-throughput screening, validate them in vitro and in vivo (in a preclinical animal study), and elucidate their underlying antiviral mechanism of action. METHODS Using appropriate cellular and rodent HEV infection models, we studied a critical pathway for host-HEV interactions and performed a preclinical study of the corresponding antivirals, which target proteostasis of the HEV replicase. RESULTS We found 17 inhibitors that target HEV-HSP90 interactions by unbiased compound library screening on human hepatocytes harboring an HEV replicon. Inhibitors of HSP90 (iHSP90) markedly suppressed HEV replication with efficacy exceeding that of conventional antivirals (IFNα and ribavirin) in vitro. Mechanistically, iHSP90 treatment released the viral replicase ORF1 protein from the ORF1-HSP90 complex and triggered rapid ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of ORF1, resulting in abrogated HEV replication. Furthermore, a preclinical trial in a Mongolian gerbil HEV infection model showed this novel anti-HEV strategy to be safe, efficient, and able to prevent HEV-induced liver damage. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we uncover a proteostatic pathway that is critical for host-HEV interactions and we provide a foundation from which to translate this new understanding of the HEV life cycle into clinically promising antivirals. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Appropriate treatment options for hepatitis E virus (HEV)-infected pregnant women and immunocompromised patients are lacking; hence, there is an urgent need for safe and effective HEV-specific therapies. This study identified new antivirals (inhibitors of HSP90) that significantly limit HEV infection by targeting the viral replicase for degradation. Moreover, these anti-HEV drugs were validated in an HEV rodent model and were found to be safe and efficient for prevention of HEV-induced liver injury in preclinical experiments. Our findings substantially promote the understanding of HEV pathobiology and pave the way for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ling-Dong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ailian Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyuan Yu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengduo Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (ZJU-HIC), Hangzhou, 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiying Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianping Jin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (ZJU-HIC), Hangzhou, 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Koczor CA, Thompson MK, Sharma N, Prakash A, Sobol RW. Polβ/XRCC1 heterodimerization dictates DNA damage recognition and basal Polβ protein levels without interfering with mouse viability or fertility. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 123:103452. [PMID: 36702010 PMCID: PMC9992099 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA Polymerase β (Polβ) performs two critical enzymatic steps during base excision repair (BER) - gap filling (nucleotidyl transferase activity) and gap tailoring (dRP lyase activity). X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1) facilitates the recruitment of Polβ to sites of DNA damage through an evolutionarily conserved Polβ/XRCC1 interaction interface, the V303 loop. While previous work describes the importance of the Polβ/XRCC1 interaction for human Polβ protein stability and recruitment to sites of DNA damage, the impact of disrupting the Polβ/XRCC1 interface on animal viability, physiology, and fertility is unknown. Here, we characterized the effect of disrupting Polβ/XRCC1 heterodimerization in mice and mouse cells by complimentary approaches. First, we demonstrate, via laser micro-irradiation, that mouse Polβ amino acid residues L301 and V303 are critical to facilitating Polβ recruitment to sites of DNA damage. Next, we solved the crystal structures of mouse wild type Polβ and a mutant protein harboring alterations in residues L301 and V303 (L301R/V303R). Our structural analyses suggest that Polβ amino acid residue V303 plays a role in maintaining an interaction with the oxidized form of XRCC1. Finally, we created CRISPR/Cas9-modified Polb mice with homozygous L301R/V303R mutations (PolbL301R-V303R/L301R-V303R) that are fertile yet exhibit 15% reduced body weight at 17 weeks of age, as compared to heterozygous mice. Fibroblasts derived from PolbL301R-V303R/L301R-V303R mice demonstrate that mutation of mouse Polβ's XRCC1 interaction domain leads to an ∼85% decrease in Polβ protein levels. In all, these studies are consistent with a role for the oxidized form of XRCC1 in providing stability to the Polβ protein through Polβ/XRCC1 heterodimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Koczor
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Marlo K Thompson
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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13
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Spanjaard A, Stratigopoulou M, de Groot D, Aslam M, van den Berk PCM, Stappenbelt C, Ayidah M, Catsman JJI, Pardieck IN, Kreft M, Arens R, Guikema JEJ, Jacobs H. Huwe1 supports B-cell development, B-cell-dependent immunity, somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination by regulating proliferation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:986863. [PMID: 36700204 PMCID: PMC9869049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and differentiation of B cells is intimately linked to cell proliferation and the generation of diverse immunoglobulin gene (Ig) repertoires. The ubiquitin E3 ligase HUWE1 controls proliferation, DNA damage responses, and DNA repair, including the base excision repair (BER) pathway. These processes are of crucial importance for B-cell development in the bone marrow, and the germinal center (GC) response, which results in the clonal expansion and differentiation of B cells expressing high affinity immunoglobulins. Here, we re-examined the role of HUWE1 in B-cell proliferation and Ig gene diversification, focusing on its involvement in somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). B-cell-specific deletion of Huwe1 resulted in impaired development, differentiation and maturation of B cells in the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs. HUWE1 deficiency diminished SHM and CSR by impairing B-cell proliferation and AID expression upon activation in vitro and in vivo, and was unrelated to the HUWE1-dependent regulation of the BER pathway. Interestingly, we found that HUWE1-deficient B cells showed increased mRNA expression of Myc target genes upon in vitro activation despite diminished proliferation. Our results confirm that the E3 ligase HUWE1 is an important contributor in coordinating the rapid transition of antigen naïve, resting B cells into antigen-activated B cells and regulates mutagenic processes in B cells by controlling AID expression and the post-transcriptional output of Myc target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Spanjaard
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Stratigopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Lymphoma and Myeloma center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniël de Groot
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul C. M. van den Berk
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal Stappenbelt
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matilda Ayidah
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce J. I. Catsman
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris N. Pardieck
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen E. J. Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center (AMC), Lymphoma and Myeloma center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Heinz Jacobs, ; Jeroen E. J. Guikema,
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Heinz Jacobs, ; Jeroen E. J. Guikema,
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14
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Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis to Identify Sugarcane Gene Defense against Fall Armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda) Herbivory. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213712. [PMID: 36430189 PMCID: PMC9694286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is the most important sugar crop, contributing ≥80% to total sugar production around the world. Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the main pests of sugarcane, potentially causing severe yield and sugar loss. The identification of key defense factors against S. frugiperda herbivory can provide targets for improving sugarcane resistance to insect pests by molecular breeding. In this work, we used one of the main sugarcane pests, S. frugiperda, as the tested insect to attack sugarcane. Integrated transcriptome and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the changes in gene expression and metabolic processes that occurred in sugarcane leaf after continuous herbivory by S. frugiperda larvae for 72 h. The transcriptome analysis demonstrated that sugarcane pest herbivory enhanced several herbivory-induced responses, including carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolites and amino acid metabolism, plant hormone signaling transduction, pathogen responses, and transcription factors. Further metabolome analysis verified the inducement of specific metabolites of amino acids and secondary metabolites by insect herbivory. Finally, association analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome by the Pearson correlation coefficient method brought into focus the target defense genes against insect herbivory in sugarcane. These genes include amidase and lipoxygenase in amino acid metabolism, peroxidase in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and pathogenesis-related protein 1 in plant hormone signal transduction. A putative regulatory model was proposed to illustrate the sugarcane defense mechanism against insect attack. This work will accelerate the dissection of the mechanism underlying insect herbivory in sugarcane and provide targets for improving sugarcane variety resistance to insect herbivory by molecular breeding.
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15
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Liu X, Wang Y. Aha1 Is an Autonomous Chaperone for SULT1A1. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1418-1424. [PMID: 35926086 PMCID: PMC9378526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cochaperone Aha1 activates HSP90 ATPase to promote the folding of its client proteins; however, very few client proteins of Aha1 are known. With the use of an ascorbate peroxidase (APEX)-based proximity labeling method, we identified SULT1A1 as a proximity protein of HSP90 that is modulated by genetic depletion of Aha1. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis showed the interaction of SULT1A1 with Aha1, but not HSP90. We also observed a reduced level of SULT1A1 protein upon genetic depletion of Aha1 but not upon pharmacological inhibition of HSP90, suggesting that the SULT1A1 protein level is regulated by Aha1 alone. Maturation-dependent interaction assay results showed that Aha1, but not HSP90, binds preferentially to newly synthesized SULT1A1. Reconstitution of Aha1-depleted cells with wild-type Aha1 and its E67K mutant, which is deficient in interacting with HSP90, restored SULT1A1 protein to the same level. Nonetheless, complementation of Aha1-depleted cells with an Aha1 mutant lacking the first 20 amino acids, which disrupts its autonomous chaperone function, was unable to rescue the SULT1A1 protein level. Together, our study revealed, for the first time, Aha1 as an autonomous chaperone in regulating SULT1A1. SULT1A1 is a phase-II metabolic enzyme, where it adds sulfate groups to hydroxyl functionalities in endogenous hormones and xenobiotic chemicals to improve their solubilities and promote their excretion. Thus, our work suggests the role of Aha1 cochaperone in modulating the detoxification of endogenous and environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92502, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92502, United States
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16
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Yu TJ, Yen CY, Cheng YB, Yen CH, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Physapruin A Enhances DNA Damage and Inhibits DNA Repair to Suppress Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168839. [PMID: 36012104 PMCID: PMC9408722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective antiproliferation to oral cancer cells of Physalis peruviana-derived physapruin A (PHA) is rarely reported. Either drug-induced apoptosis and DNA damage or DNA repair suppression may effectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation. This study examined the selective antiproliferation ability of PHA and explored detailed mechanisms of apoptosis, DNA damage, and repair. During an ATP assay, PHA provided high cytotoxicity to two oral cancer cell lines (CAL 27 and Ca9-22) but no cytotoxicity to two non-malignant oral cells (HGF-1 and SG). This selective antiproliferation of PHA was associated with the selective generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oral cancer cells rather than in non-malignant oral cells, as detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, PHA induced other oxidative stresses in oral cancer cells, such as mitochondrial superoxide generation and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion. PHA also demonstrated selective apoptosis in oral cancer cells rather than non-malignant cells in annexin V/7-aminoactinmycin D and caspase 3/7 activity assays. In flow cytometry and immunofluorescence assays, PHA induced γH2AX expressions and increased the γH2AX foci number of DNA damages in oral cancer cells. In contrast, the mRNA expressions for DNA repair signaling, including homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-associated genes, were inhibited by PHA in oral cancer cells. Moreover, the PHA-induced changes were alleviated by the oxidative stress inhibitor N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, PHA generates selective antiproliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis associated with DNA damage induction and DNA repair suppression in oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.T.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 8105) (J.-Y.T.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
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17
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Koczor CA, Haider AJ, Saville KM, Li J, Andrews JF, Beiser AV, Sobol RW. Live Cell Detection of Poly(ADP-Ribose) for Use in Genetic and Genotoxic Compound Screens. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3676. [PMID: 35954352 PMCID: PMC9367489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a molecular scaffold that aids in the formation of DNA repair protein complexes. Tools to sensitively quantify PAR in live cells have been lacking. We recently described the LivePAR probe (EGFP fused to the RNF146-encoded WWE PAR binding domain) to measure PAR formation at sites of laser micro-irradiation in live cells. Here, we present two methods that expand on the use of LivePAR and its WWE domain. First, LivePAR enriches in the nucleus of cells following genotoxic challenge. Image quantitation can identify single-cell PAR formation following genotoxic stress at concentrations lower than PAR ELISA or PAR immunoblot, with greater sensitivity to genotoxic stress than CometChip. In a second approach, we used the RNF146-encoded WWE domain to develop a split luciferase probe for analysis in a 96-well plate assay. We then applied these PAR analysis tools to demonstrate their broad applicability. First, we show that both approaches can identify genetic modifications that alter PARylation levels, such as hyper-PARylation in BRCA2-deficient cancer cells. Second, we demonstrate the utility of the WWE split luciferase assay to characterize the cellular response of genotoxins, PARP inhibitors, and PARG inhibitors, thereby providing a screening method to identify PAR modulating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Koczor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (J.L.); (A.V.B.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Aaron J. Haider
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Kate M. Saville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (J.L.); (A.V.B.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (J.L.); (A.V.B.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Joel F. Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Alison V. Beiser
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (J.L.); (A.V.B.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (C.A.K.); (K.M.S.); (J.L.); (A.V.B.)
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (A.J.H.); (J.F.A.)
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18
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Hasan A, Rizvi SF, Parveen S, Mir SS. Molecular chaperones in DNA repair mechanisms: Role in genomic instability and proteostasis in cancer. Life Sci 2022; 306:120852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Liu X, Yang YY, Wang Y. HSP90 and Aha1 modulate microRNA maturation through promoting the folding of Dicer1. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6990-7001. [PMID: 35736213 PMCID: PMC9262616 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aha1 is a co-chaperone of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and it stimulates the ATPase activity of HSP90 to promote the folding of its client proteins. By employing ascorbate peroxidase (APEX)-based proximity labeling and proteomic analysis, we identified over 30 proteins exhibiting diminished abundances in the proximity proteome of HSP90 in HEK293T cells upon genetic depletion of Aha1. Dicer1 is a top-ranked protein, and we confirmed its interactions with HSP90 and Aha1 by immunoprecipitation followed by western blot analysis. Genetic depletion of Aha1 and pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 both led to reduced levels of Dicer1 protein. Additionally, HSP90 and Aha1 bind preferentially to newly translated Dicer1. Reconstitution of Aha1-depleted cells with wild-type Aha1 substantially rescued Dicer1 protein level, and a lower level of restoration was observed for complementation with the HSP90-binding-defective Aha1-E67K, whereas an Aha1 mutant lacking the first 20 amino acids-which abolishes its chaperone activity-failed to rescue Dicer1 protein level. Moreover, knockdown of Aha1 and inhibition of HSP90 led to diminished levels of mature microRNAs (miRNAs), but not their corresponding primary miRNAs. Together, we uncovered a novel mechanism of HSP90 and Aha1 in regulating the miRNA pathway through promoting the folding of Dicer1 protein, and we also demonstrated that Aha1 modulates this process by acting as an autonomous chaperone and a co-chaperone for HSP90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92502, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92502, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 951 827 2700; Fax: +1 951 827 4713;
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20
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RNA Molecular Signature Profiling in PBMCs of Sporadic ALS Patients: HSP70 Overexpression Is Associated with Nuclear SOD1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020293. [PMID: 35053410 PMCID: PMC8774074 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of the causative genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder. SOD1 aggregation contributes to ALS pathogenesis. A fraction of the protein is localized in the nucleus (nSOD1), where it seems to be involved in the regulation of genes participating in the oxidative stress response and DNA repair. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from sporadic ALS (sALS) patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 12) to perform RNA-sequencing experiments and differential expression analysis. Patients were stratified into groups with “high” and “low” levels of nSOD1. We obtained different gene expression patterns for high- and low-nSOD1 patients. Differentially expressed genes in high nSOD1 form a cluster similar to controls compared to the low-nSOD1 group. The pathways activated in high-nSOD1 patients are related to the upregulation of HSP70 molecular chaperones. We demonstrated that, in this condition, the DNA damage is reduced, even under oxidative stress conditions. Our findings highlight the importance of the nuclear localization of SOD1 as a protective mechanism in sALS patients.
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21
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Li J, Garavaglia S, Ye Z, Moretti A, Belyaeva OV, Beiser A, Ibrahim M, Wilk A, McClellan S, Klyuyeva AV, Goggans KR, Kedishvili NY, Salter EA, Wierzbicki A, Migaud ME, Mullett SJ, Yates NA, Camacho CJ, Rizzi M, Sobol RW. A specific inhibitor of ALDH1A3 regulates retinoic acid biosynthesis in glioma stem cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1420. [PMID: 34934174 PMCID: PMC8692581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity correlates with poor outcome for many solid tumors as ALDHs may regulate cell proliferation and chemoresistance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Accordingly, potent, and selective inhibitors of key ALDH enzymes may represent a novel CSC-directed treatment paradigm for ALDH+ cancer types. Of the many ALDH isoforms, we and others have implicated the elevated expression of ALDH1A3 in mesenchymal glioma stem cells (MES GSCs) as a target for the development of novel therapeutics. To this end, our structure of human ALDH1A3 combined with in silico modeling identifies a selective, active-site inhibitor of ALDH1A3. The lead compound, MCI-INI-3, is a selective competitive inhibitor of human ALDH1A3 and shows poor inhibitory effect on the structurally related isoform ALDH1A1. Mass spectrometry-based cellular thermal shift analysis reveals that ALDH1A3 is the primary binding protein for MCI-INI-3 in MES GSC lysates. The inhibitory effect of MCI-INI-3 on retinoic acid biosynthesis is comparable with that of ALDH1A3 knockout, suggesting that effective inhibition of ALDH1A3 is achieved with MCI-INI-3. Further development is warranted to characterize the role of ALDH1A3 and retinoic acid biosynthesis in glioma stem cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Zhaofeng Ye
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Alison Beiser
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Md Ibrahim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Anna Wilk
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Steve McClellan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Alla V Klyuyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 440B, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - E Alan Salter
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, 6040 USA South Drive, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Andrzej Wierzbicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, 6040 USA South Drive, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Carlos J Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
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22
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Sahay O, Barik GK, Sharma T, Pillai AD, Rapole S, Santra MK. Damsel in distress calling on her knights: Illuminating the pioneering role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in guarding the genome integrity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 109:103261. [PMID: 34920250 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity is of utmost importance for the organisms to survive and to accurately inherit traits to their progenies. Any kind of DNA damage either due to defect in DNA duplication and/ or uncontrolled cell division or intracellular insults or environment radiation can result in gene mutation, chromosomal aberration and ultimately genomic instability, which may cause several diseases including cancers. Therefore, cells have evolved machineries for the surveillance of genomic integrity. Enormous exciting studies in the past indicate that ubiquitination (a posttranslational modification of proteins) plays a crucial role in maintaining the genomic integrity by diverse ways. In fact, various E3 ubiquitin ligases catalyse ubiquitination of key proteins to control their central role during cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair. Some E3 ligases promote genomic instability while others prevent it, deregulation of both of which leads to several malignancies. In this review, we consolidate the recent findings wherein the role of ubiquitination in conferring genome integrity is highlighted. We also discuss the latest discoveries on the mechanisms utilized by various E3 ligases to preserve genomic stability, with a focus on their actions during cell cycle progression and different types of DNA damage response as well as repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osheen Sahay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Barik
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Tanisha Sharma
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ajay D Pillai
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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23
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Snyder NW, O'Brien J, Singh B, Buchan G, Arroyo AD, Liu X, Bostwick A, Varner EL, Angajala A, Sobol RW, Blair IA, Mesaros C, Wendell SG. Primary saturation of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl containing fatty acids does not abolish electrophilicity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 350:109689. [PMID: 34634267 PMCID: PMC8574066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of hydroxylated fatty acids that can be further oxidized by dehydrogenases, often resulting in the formation of electrophilic, α,β-unsaturated ketone containing fatty acids. As electrophiles are associated with redox signaling, we sought to investigate the metabolism of the oxo-fatty acid products in relation to their double bond architecture. Using an untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry approach, we identified mono- and di-saturated products of the arachidonic acid-derived 11-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (11-oxoETE) and mono-saturated metabolites of 15-oxoETE and docosahexaenoic acid-derived 17-oxodocosahexaenoinc acid (17-oxoDHA) in both human A549 lung carcinoma and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Notably, mono-saturated oxo-fatty acids maintained their electrophilicity as determined by nucleophilic conjugation to glutathione while a second saturation of 11-oxoETE resulted in a loss of electrophilicity. These results would suggest that prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1), known only for its reduction of the α,β-unsaturated double bond, was not responsible for the saturation of oxo-fatty acids at alternative double bonds. Surprisingly, knockdown of PTGR1 expression by shRNA confirmed its participation in the formation of 15-oxoETE and 17-oxoDHA mono-saturated metabolites. Furthermore, overexpression of PTGR1 in A549 cells increased the rate and total amount of oxo-fatty acid saturation. These findings will further facilitate the study of electrophilic fatty acid metabolism and signaling in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer where they have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel W Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - James O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Gregory Buchan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Alejandro D Arroyo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anna Bostwick
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Erika L Varner
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Anusha Angajala
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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24
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Li J, M. Saville K, Ibrahim M, Zeng X, McClellan S, Angajala A, Beiser A, Andrews JF, Sun M, Koczor CA, Clark J, Hayat F, Makarov MV, Wilk A, Yates NA, Migaud ME, Sobol RW. NAD + bioavailability mediates PARG inhibition-induced replication arrest, intra S-phase checkpoint and apoptosis in glioma stem cells. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab044. [PMID: 34806016 PMCID: PMC8600031 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of the DNA damage response proteins PARP1 and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) in glioma stem cells (GSCs) suggests that glioma may be a unique target for PARG inhibitors (PARGi). While PARGi-induced cell death is achieved when combined with ionizing radiation, as a single agent PARG inhibitors appear to be mostly cytostatic. Supplementation with the NAD+ precursor dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) rapidly increased NAD+ levels in GSCs and glioma cells, inducing PARP1 activation and mild suppression of replication fork progression. Administration of NRH+PARGi triggers hyperaccumulation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), intra S-phase arrest and apoptosis in GSCs but minimal PAR induction or cytotoxicity in normal astrocytes. PAR accumulation is regulated by select PARP1- and PAR-interacting proteins. The involvement of XRCC1 highlights the base excision repair pathway in responding to replication stress while enhanced interaction of PARP1 with PCNA, RPA and ORC2 upon PAR accumulation implicates replication associated PARP1 activation and assembly with pre-replication complex proteins upon initiation of replication arrest, the intra S-phase checkpoint and the onset of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Kate M. Saville
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Md Ibrahim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Steve McClellan
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Anusha Angajala
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Alison Beiser
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Joel F Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Mai Sun
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jennifer Clark
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Mikhail V Makarov
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Anna Wilk
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Marie E Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 251 445 9846;
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25
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Temporal dynamics of base excision/single-strand break repair protein complex assembly/disassembly are modulated by the PARP/NAD +/SIRT6 axis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109917. [PMID: 34731617 PMCID: PMC8607749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly and disassembly of DNA repair protein complexes at DNA damage sites are essential for maintaining genomic integrity. Investigating factors coordinating assembly of the base excision repair (BER) proteins DNA polymerase β (Polβ) and XRCC1 to DNA lesion sites identifies a role for Polβ in regulating XRCC1 disassembly from DNA repair complexes and, conversely, demonstrates Polβ’s dependence on XRCC1 for complex assembly. LivePAR, a genetically encoded probe for live-cell imaging of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), reveals that Polβ and XRCC1 require PAR for repair-complex assembly, with PARP1 and PARP2 playing unique roles in complex dynamics. Further, BER complex assembly is modulated by attenuation/augmentation of NAD+ biosynthesis. Finally, SIRT6 does not modulate PARP1 or PARP2 activation but does regulate XRCC1 recruitment, leading to diminished Polβ abundance at sites of DNA damage. These findings highlight coordinated yet independent roles for PARP1, PARP2, and SIRT6 and their regulation by NAD+ bioavailability to facilitate BER. Koczor et al. use quantitative confocal microscopy to characterize DNA-damage-induced poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) formation and assembly/disassembly kinetics in human cells. These studies highlight the coordinated yet independent roles for XRCC1, POLΒ, PARP1, PARP2, and SIRT6 (and regulation by NAD+) to facilitate BER/SSBR protein complex dynamics.
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26
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Ge J, Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Tay IJ, Thadhani E, Kay JE, Mazzucato P, Chow DN, Fessler JL, Weingeist DM, Sobol RW, Samson LD, Floyd SR, Engelward BP. CometChip enables parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103176. [PMID: 34365116 PMCID: PMC8439179 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage can be cytotoxic and mutagenic, and it is directly linked to aging, cancer, and other diseases. To counteract the deleterious effects of DNA damage, cells have evolved highly conserved DNA repair pathways. Many commonly used DNA repair assays are relatively low throughput and are limited to analysis of one protein or one pathway. Here, we have explored the capacity of the CometChip platform for parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. Taking advantage of the versatility of the traditional comet assay and leveraging micropatterning techniques, the CometChip platform offers increased throughput and sensitivity compared to the traditional comet assay. By exposing cells to DNA damaging agents that create substrates of Base Excision Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, and Non-Homologous End Joining, we show that the CometChip is an effective method for assessing repair deficiencies in all three pathways. With these applications of the CometChip platform, we expand the utility of the comet assay for precise, high-throughput, parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Le P Ngo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Simran Kaushal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ian J Tay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elina Thadhani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer E Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Patrizia Mazzucato
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Danielle N Chow
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Jessica L Fessler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - David M Weingeist
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27514, United States
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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27
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Wu D, Chen Q, Gong G, He L, Wu X. Lamin-A interacting protein Hsp90 is required for DNA damage repair and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:786. [PMID: 34381017 PMCID: PMC8358027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecologic cancer. Previous studies found that lamin-A was associated with DNA damage repair proteins but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We speculate that this may be related to its interacting proteins, such as Hsp90. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Hsp90 on DNA damage repair and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. In our research, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify proteins interacting with lamin-A and the interaction domain. Next, the relationship between lamin-A and Hsp90 was explored by Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. Then, effect of Hsp90 inhibition on DNA damage repair was assessed through detecting Rad50 and Ku80 by WB. Furthermore, to test the roles of 17-AAG on cell chemosensitivity, CCK-8 and colony formation assay were carried out. Meanwhile, IC50 of cells were calculated, followed by immunofluorescence to detect DNA damage. At last, the mouse xenograft model was used in determining the capacity of 17-AAG and DDP to suppress tumor growth and metastatic potential. The results showed that lamin-A could interact with Hsp90 via the domain of lamin-A1-430. Besides, the distribution of Hsp90 could be affected by lamin-A. After lamin-A knockdown, Hsp90 decreased in the cytoplasm and increased in the nucleus, suggesting that the interaction between lamin-A and Hsp90 may be related to the nucleocytoplasmic transport of Hsp90. Moreover, inhibition of Hsp90 led to an obvious decrease in the expression of DSBs (DNA double-strand break) repair proteins, as well as cell proliferation ability upon DDP treatment and IC50 of DDP, causing more serious DNA damage. In addition, the combination of 17-AAG and DDP restrained the growth of ovarian cancer efficiently in vivo and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Liuqing He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, P. R. China.
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Wang CM, Li HF, Wang XK, Li WG, Su Q, Xiao X, Hao TF, Chen W, Zhang YW, Zhang HY, Wu W, Hu ZR, Zhao GY, Huo MY, He YL, Zhang CH. Ailanthus Altissima-derived Ailanthone enhances Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inducing the Repression of Base Excision Repair by Downregulating p23 Expression. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2811-2825. [PMID: 34345209 PMCID: PMC8326126 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of GC, but currently available chemotherapeutic drugs are not ideal. The application of medicinal plants is an important direction for new drug discovery. Through drug screening of GC organoids, we determined that ailanthone has an anticancer effect on GC cells in vitro and in vivo. We also found that AIL can induce DNA damage and apoptosis in GC cells. Further transcriptome sequencing of PDX tissue indicated that AIL inhibited the expression of XRCC1, which plays an important role in DNA damage repair, and the results were also confirmed by western blotting. In addition, we found that AIL inhibited the expression of P23 and that inhibition of P23 decreased the expression of XRCC1, indicating that AIL can regulate XRCC1 via P23. The results of coimmunoprecipitation showed that AIL can inhibit the binding of P23 and XRCC1 to HSP90. These findings indicate that AIL can induce DNA damage and apoptosis in GC cells. Meanwhile, AIL can decrease XRCC1 activity by downregulating P23 expression to inhibit DNA damage repair. The present study sheds light on the potential application of new drugs isolated from natural medicinal plants for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Wang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.,Department of Intervention, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning Guangxi 530021,P.R. China
| | - Hua-Fu Li
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Xiao-Kun Wang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Guo Li
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Scientific research center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R.China
| | - Teng-Fei Hao
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Scientific research center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R.China
| | - Ya-Wei Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yong Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wang Wu
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Ran Hu
- Scientific research center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R.China
| | - Guang-Yin Zhao
- Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Huo
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long He
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinopancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, P.R. China
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Thompson MK, Sobol RW, Prakash A. Exploiting DNA Endonucleases to Advance Mechanisms of DNA Repair. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:530. [PMID: 34198612 PMCID: PMC8232306 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The earliest methods of genome editing, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), utilize customizable DNA-binding motifs to target the genome at specific loci. While these approaches provided sequence-specific gene-editing capacity, the laborious process of designing and synthesizing recombinant nucleases to recognize a specific target sequence, combined with limited target choices and poor editing efficiency, ultimately minimized the broad utility of these systems. The discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences (CRISPR) in Escherichia coli dates to 1987, yet it was another 20 years before CRISPR and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins were identified as part of the microbial adaptive immune system, by targeting phage DNA, to fight bacteriophage reinfection. By 2013, CRISPR/Cas9 systems had been engineered to allow gene editing in mammalian cells. The ease of design, low cytotoxicity, and increased efficiency have made CRISPR/Cas9 and its related systems the designer nucleases of choice for many. In this review, we discuss the various CRISPR systems and their broad utility in genome manipulation. We will explore how CRISPR-controlled modifications have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of genome stability, using the modulation of DNA repair genes as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo K. Thompson
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Robert W. Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, AL 36604, USA; (M.K.T.); (R.W.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
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30
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Wenmaekers S, Viergever BJ, Kumar G, Kranenburg O, Black PC, Daugaard M, Meijer RP. A Potential Role for HUWE1 in Modulating Cisplatin Sensitivity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051262. [PMID: 34065298 PMCID: PMC8160634 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic agent, whose efficacy is limited by primary and acquired therapeutic resistance. Recently, a bladder cancer genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen correlated cisplatin sensitivity to multiple genetic biomarkers. Among the screen’s top hits was the HECT domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase (HUWE1). In this review, HUWE1 is postulated as a therapeutic response modulator, affecting the collision between platinum-DNA adducts and the replication fork, the primary cytotoxic action of platins. HUWE1 can alter the cytotoxic response to platins by targeting essential components of the DNA damage response including BRCA1, p53, and Mcl-1. Deficiency of HUWE1 could lead to enhanced DNA damage repair and a dysfunctional apoptotic apparatus, thereby inducing resistance to platins. Future research on the relationship between HUWE1 and platins could generate new mechanistic insights into therapy resistance. Ultimately, HUWE1 might serve as a clinical biomarker to tailor cancer treatment strategies, thereby improving cancer care and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Wenmaekers
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Viergever
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
| | - Peter C. Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (G.K.); (P.C.B.)
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
| | - Richard P. Meijer
- Laboratory Translational Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (B.J.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.P.M.)
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Aeeni M, Razi M, Alizadeh A, Alizadeh A. The molecular mechanism behind insulin protective effects on testicular tissue of hyperglycemic rats. Life Sci 2021; 277:119394. [PMID: 33785345 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study assessed the possible mechanisms by which the insulin regulates the heat shock (HSPs) and transitional proteins expression and consequently ameliorates the oxidative stress-induced damages in germ and sperm cells DNA contents. MAIN METHODS Mature male Wistar rats were distributed into control, Hyperglycemia-induced (HG) and insulin-treated HG-induced (HG-I) groups. Following 8 weeks from HG induction, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), immunoreactivity of 8-oxodG, germ cells mRNA damage, Hsp70-2a, Hsp90, transitional proteins 1 and 2 (TP-1 and -2) mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed. Moreover, the sperm chromatin condensation was assessed by aniline-blue staining, and DNA integrity of germ and sperm cells were analyzed by TUNEL and acrdine-orange staining techniques. KEY FINDINGS The HG animals exhibited significant (p < 0.05) reduction in TAC, HSp70-2a, TP-1 and TP-2 expression levels, and increment in 8-oxodG immunoreactivity, mRNA damage, and Hsp90 expression. However, insulin treatment resulted in (p < 0.05) enhanced TAC level, Hsp70-2a, Hsp90, TP-1 and TP-2 expressions, besides reduced 8-oxodG immunoreactivity and mRNA damage compared to the HG group (p < 0.05). The chromatin condensation and the germ and sperm cells DNA fragmentation were decreased in HG-I group. SIGNIFICANCE Insulin treatment amplifies the testicular TAC level, improves the Hsp70-2a, TP-1, and TP-2 expressions, and boosts the Hsp90-mediated role in DNA repairment process. Consequently, altogether could maintain the HG-induced DNA integrity in the testicular and sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aeeni
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.BOX: 1177, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Alireza Alizadeh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Abstract
The enzymes of the base excision repair (BER) pathway form DNA lesion-dependent, transient complexes that vary in composition based on the type of DNA damage. These protein sub-complexes facilitate substrate/product handoff to ensure reaction completion so as to avoid accumulation of potentially toxic DNA repair intermediates. However, in the mammalian cell, additional signaling molecules are required to fine-tune the activity of the BER pathway enzymes and to facilitate chromatin/histone reorganization for access to the DNA lesion for repair. These signaling enzymes include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP1, PARP2) and class III deacetylases (SIRT1, SIRT6) that comprise a key PARP-NAD-SIRT axis to facilitate the regulation and coordination of BER in the mammalian cell. Here, we briefly describe the key nodes in the BER pathway that are regulated by this axis and highlight the cellular and organismal variation in NAD+ bioavailability that can impact BER signaling potential. We discuss how cellular NAD+ is required for BER to maintain genome stability and to mount a robust cellular response to DNA damage. Finally, we consider the dependence of BER on the PARP-NAD-SIRT axis for BER protein complex assembly.
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Kiani M, Bryan B, Rush C, Szczepaniec A. Transcriptional Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Exposed to Wheat Curl Mite. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052703. [PMID: 33800120 PMCID: PMC7962190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) is a key pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. While a number of wheat cultivars resistant to the mites have been employed to minimize the impact on the yield and quality of grain, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore changes in transcriptome of resistant and susceptible wheat in order to quantify the molecular changes that drive host plant resistance. (2) Methods: Two varieties, wheat curl mite-susceptible (Karl 92) and wheat curl mite-resistant (TAM112) wheat, both at 2-week postemergence, were used in this study. Half of the plants were exposed to wheat curl mite herbivory and half remained mite-free and served as controls. Transcriptome changes were quantified using RNA-seq and compared among treatments to identify genes and pathways affected by herbivores. (3) Results: We identified a number of genes and pathways involved in plant defenses against pathogens, herbivores, and abiotic stress that were differentially expressed in the resistant wheat exposed to wheat curl mite herbivory but were unaffected in the susceptible wheat. (4) Conclusions: Our outcomes indicated that resistant wheat counteracts wheat curl mite exposure through effective induction of genes and pathways that enhance its defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Kiani
- Thegreencell, Inc., 15810 Gaither Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Becky Bryan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (B.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Charles Rush
- Department of Plant Pathology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; (B.B.); (C.R.)
| | - Adrianna Szczepaniec
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; or
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Rechkunova NI, Krasikova YS, Lavrik OI. Interactome of Base and Nucleotide Excision DNA Repair Systems. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Vasil'eva IA, Moor NA, Lavrik OI. Effect of Human XRCC1 Protein Oxidation on the Functional Activity of Its Complexes with the Key Enzymes of DNA Base Excision Repair. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:288-299. [PMID: 32564733 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) ensures correction of most abundant DNA lesions in mammals. The efficiency of this multistep DNA repair process that can occur via different pathways depends on the coordinated action of enzymes catalyzing its individual steps. The scaffold XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1) protein plays an important coordinating role in the repair of damaged bases and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites via short-patch (SP) BER pathway, as well as in the repair of single-strand DNA breaks. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time in vitro formation of the ternary XRCC1 complex with the key enzymes of SP BER - DNA polymerase β (Polβ) and DNA ligase IIIα (LigIIIα) - using the fluorescence-based technique. It was found that Polβ directly interacts with LigIIIα, but their complex is less stable than the XRCC1-Polβ and XRCC1-LigIIIα complexes. The effect of XRCC1 oxidation and composition of the multiprotein complex on the efficiency of DNA synthesis and DNA ligation during DNA repair has been explored. We found that formation of the disulfide bond between Cys12 and Cys20 residues as a result of XRCC1 oxidation (previously shown to modulate the protein affinity for Polβ), affects the yield of the final product of SP BER and of non-ligated DNA intermediates (substrates of long-patch BER). The effect of XRCC1 oxidation on the final product yield depended on the presence of AP endonuclease 1. Together with the data from our previous work, the results of this study suggest an important role of XRCC1 oxidation in the fine regulation of formation of BER complexes and their functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Vasil'eva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N A Moor
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - O I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Ramdzan ZM, Vickridge E, Li L, Faraco CCF, Djerir B, Leduy L, Maréchal A, Nepveu A. CUT Domains Stimulate Pol β Enzymatic Activities to Accelerate Completion of Base Excision Repair. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166806. [PMID: 33450246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The full-length CUX1 protein isoform was previously shown to function as an auxiliary factor in base excision repair (BER). Specifically, CUT domains within CUX1 stimulate the enzymatic activities of the OGG1 DNA glycosylase and APE1 endonuclease. Moreover, ectopic expression of CUX1 or CUT domains increased the resistance of cancer cells to treatments that cause oxidative DNA damage and mono-alkylation of bases. Stimulation of OGG1 AP/lyase and APE1 endonuclease activities, however, cannot explain how CUT domains confer resistance to these treatments since these enzymes produce DNA single-strand breaks that are highly toxic to cells. In the present study, we show that CUT domains stimulate the polymerase and deoxyribose phosphate (dRP)-lyase activities of DNA polymerase β to promote BER completion. In agreement with these results, CUX1 knockdown decreases BER completion in cell extracts and causes an increase in the number of abasic sites in genomic DNA following temozolomide treatment. We also show that CUT domains stimulate bypass of intrastrand G-crosslinks by Pol β in vitro, while the resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin treatment is reduced by CUX1 knockdown but restored by ectopic expression of CUT domains. Altogether our results establish CUX1 as an important auxiliary factor that stimulates multiple steps of base excision repair, from the recognition and removal of altered bases to the addition of new nucleotides and removal of 5'-deoxyribose phosphate required for ligation and BER completion. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed correlation between CUX1 expression and the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaidah M Ramdzan
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Elise Vickridge
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Camila C F Faraco
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Billel Djerir
- Department of Biology, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Lam Leduy
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexandre Maréchal
- Department of Biology, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alain Nepveu
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Medicine, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada; Oncology, McGill University, 1160 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD + metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 22:119-141. [PMID: 33353981 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. NAD+ can directly and indirectly influence many key cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, cellular senescence and immune cell function. These cellular processes and functions are critical for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and for healthy ageing. Remarkably, ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in tissue and cellular NAD+ levels in multiple model organisms, including rodents and humans. This decline in NAD+ levels is linked causally to numerous ageing-associated diseases, including cognitive decline, cancer, metabolic disease, sarcopenia and frailty. Many of these ageing-associated diseases can be slowed down and even reversed by restoring NAD+ levels. Therefore, targeting NAD+ metabolism has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate ageing-related disease, and extend the human healthspan and lifespan. However, much remains to be learnt about how NAD+ influences human health and ageing biology. This includes a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate NAD+ levels, how to effectively restore NAD+ levels during ageing, whether doing so is safe and whether NAD+ repletion will have beneficial effects in ageing humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Fennell DA, Danson S, Woll PJ, Forster M, Talbot D, Child J, Farrelly L, Sharkey A, Busacca S, Ngai Y, Hackshaw A, Wheeler GM. Ganetespib in Combination with Pemetrexed-Platinum Chemotherapy in Patients with Pleural Mesothelioma (MESO-02): A Phase Ib Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4748-4755. [PMID: 32669375 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ganetespib, a highly potent, small-molecule Heatshock protein 90 inhibitor, has potential efficacy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) via activity on critical survival pathways and known synergies with antifolates and platinum chemotherapy. We conducted a dose-escalation study to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ganetespib in patients with chemotherapy-naïve MPM. PATIENTS AND METHODS MESO-02 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01590160) was a nonrandomized, multicenter, phase Ib trial of 3-weekly ganetespib (100 mg/m2, 150 mg/m2, 200 mg/m2; days 1 and 15) with pemetrexed (500 mg/m2; day 1) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2; day 1) or carboplatin (area under concentration-time curve 5; day 1) in patients with MPM. Dose escalation was performed using the 3 + 3 design (cisplatin) and accelerated titration design (carboplatin). Secondary endpoints included best response, progression-free survival (PFS), and pharmacogenomic analyses. RESULTS Of 27 patients enrolled (cisplatin, n = 16; carboplatin, n = 11), 3 experienced dose-limiting toxicities: grade 3 nausea (cisplatin, n = 1; carboplatin, n = 1) and grade 2 infusion-related reaction (carboplatin, n = 1). Ganetespib's MTD was 200 mg/m2. Partial response was observed in 14 of 27 patients (52%; 61% in 23 response-evaluable patients) and 13 of 21 (62%) with epithelioid histology. At the MTD, 10 of 18 patients (56%) had partial response, 15 of 18 (83%) had disease control, and median PFS was 6.3 months (95% CI, 5.0-10.0). One responder exhibited disease control beyond 50 months. Global loss of heterozygosity was associated with shorter time to progression (HR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.24; P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Ganetespib can be combined safely with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy to treat patients with MPM. This class of agent should be investigated in larger randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Fennell
- Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester & University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Danson
- Sheffield ECMC, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penella J Woll
- Sheffield ECMC, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Forster
- UCL Hospitals & CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Talbot
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Child
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Farrelly
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel Sharkey
- Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester & University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Busacca
- Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University of Leicester & University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yenting Ngai
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Hackshaw
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Wheeler
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Displacement of Slow-Turnover DNA Glycosylases by Molecular Traffic on DNA. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080866. [PMID: 32751599 PMCID: PMC7465369 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the base excision repair pathway, the initiating enzymes, DNA glycosylases, remove damaged bases and form long-living complexes with the abasic DNA product, but can be displaced by AP endonucleases. However, many nuclear proteins can move along DNA, either actively (such as DNA or RNA polymerases) or by passive one-dimensional diffusion. In most cases, it is not clear whether this movement is disturbed by other bound proteins or how collisions with moving proteins affect the bound proteins, including DNA glycosylases. We have used a two-substrate system to study the displacement of human OGG1 and NEIL1 DNA glycosylases by DNA polymerases in both elongation and diffusion mode and by D4, a passively diffusing subunit of a viral DNA polymerase. The OGG1–DNA product complex was disrupted by DNA polymerase β (POLβ) in both elongation and diffusion mode, Klenow fragment (KF) in the elongation mode and by D4. NEIL1, which has a shorter half-life on DNA, was displaced more efficiently. Hence, both possibly specific interactions with POLβ and nonspecific collisions (KF, D4) can displace DNA glycosylases from DNA. The protein movement along DNA was blocked by very tightly bound Cas9 RNA-targeted nuclease, providing an upper limit on the efficiency of obstacle clearance.
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40
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Khodyreva S, Lavrik O. Non-canonical interaction of DNA repair proteins with intact and cleaved AP sites. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 90:102847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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41
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Advances in DNA Repair-Emerging Players in the Arena of Eukaryotic DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113934. [PMID: 32486270 PMCID: PMC7313471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA is constantly damaged by factors produced during natural metabolic processes as well as agents coming from the external environment. Considering such a wide array of damaging agents, eukaryotic cells have evolved a DNA damage response (DRR) that opposes the influence of deleterious factors. Despite the broad knowledge regarding DNA damage and repair, new areas of research are emerging. New players in the field of DDR are constantly being discovered. The aim of this study is to review current knowledge regarding the roles of sirtuins, heat shock proteins, long-noncoding RNAs and the circadian clock in DDR and distinguish new agents that may have a prominent role in DNA damage response and repair.
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42
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Mei C, Lei L, Tan LM, Xu XJ, He BM, Luo C, Yin JY, Li X, Zhang W, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. The role of single strand break repair pathways in cellular responses to camptothecin induced DNA damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109875. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Quiñones JL, Thapar U, Wilson SH, Ramsden DA, Demple B. Oxidative DNA-protein crosslinks formed in mammalian cells by abasic site lyases involved in DNA repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 87:102773. [PMID: 31945542 PMCID: PMC7065521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Free radical attack on C1' of deoxyribose forms the oxidized abasic (AP) site 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL). In vitro, dL traps the major base excision DNA repair enzyme DNA polymerase beta (Polβ) in covalent DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) via the enzyme's N-terminal lyase activity acting on 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate residues. We previously demonstrated formation of Polβ-DPC in cells challenged with oxidants generating significant levels of dL. Proteasome inhibition under 1,10-copper-ortho-phenanthroline (CuOP) treatment significantly increased Polβ-DPC accumulation and trapped ubiquitin in the DPC, with Polβ accounting for 60-70 % of the total ubiquitin signal. However, the identity of the remaining oxidative ubiquityl-DPC remained unknown. In this report, we surveyed whether additional AP lyases are trapped in oxidative DPC in mammalian cells in culture. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), Ku proteins, DNA polymerase λ (Polλ), and the bifunctional 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), were all trapped in oxidative DPC in mammalian cells. We also observed significant trapping of Polλ, PARP1, and OGG1 in cells treated with the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), in addition to dL-inducing agents. Ku proteins, in contrast, followed a pattern of trapping similar to that for Polβ: MMS failed to produce Ku-DPC, while treatment with CuOP or (less effectively) H2O2 gave rise to significant Ku-DPC. Unexpectedly, NEIL1 and NEIL3 were trapped following H2O2 treatment, but not detectably in cells exposed to CuOP. The half-life of all the AP lyase-DPC ranged from 15-60 min, consistent with their active repair. Accordingly, CuOP treatment under proteasome inhibition significantly increased the observed levels of DPC in cultured mammalian cells containing PARP1, Ku protein, Polλ, and OGG1 proteins. As seen for Polβ, blocking the proteasome led to the accumulation of DPC containing ubiquitin. Thus, the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic mechanisms that control Polβ-DPC removal may also apply to a broad array of oxidative AP lyase-DPC, preventing their toxic accumulation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Quiñones
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Basic Science Tower 8-140, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Upasna Thapar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Basic Science Tower 8-140, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, PO Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2233, USA
| | - Dale A Ramsden
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Basic Science Tower 8-140, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA.
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Fang Q, Andrews J, Sharma N, Wilk A, Clark J, Slyskova J, Koczor CA, Lans H, Prakash A, Sobol RW. Stability and sub-cellular localization of DNA polymerase β is regulated by interactions with NQO1 and XRCC1 in response to oxidative stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:6269-6286. [PMID: 31287140 PMCID: PMC6614843 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions regulate many essential enzymatic processes in the cell. Somatic mutations outside of an enzyme active site can therefore impact cellular function by disruption of critical protein–protein interactions. In our investigation of the cellular impact of the T304I cancer mutation of DNA Polymerase β (Polβ), we find that mutation of this surface threonine residue impacts critical Polβ protein–protein interactions. We show that proteasome-mediated degradation of Polβ is regulated by both ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent processes via unique protein–protein interactions. The ubiquitin-independent proteasome pathway regulates the stability of Polβ in the cytosol via interaction between Polβ and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) in an NADH-dependent manner. Conversely, the interaction of Polβ with the scaffold protein X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1) plays a role in the localization of Polβ to the nuclear compartment and regulates the stability of Polβ via a ubiquitin-dependent pathway. Further, we find that oxidative stress promotes the dissociation of the Polβ/NQO1 complex, enhancing the interaction of Polβ with XRCC1. Our results reveal that somatic mutations such as T304I in Polβ impact critical protein–protein interactions, altering the stability and sub-cellular localization of Polβ and providing mechanistic insight into how key protein–protein interactions regulate cellular responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Fang
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Nidhi Sharma
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Anna Wilk
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jennifer Clark
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Koczor
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- University of South Alabama Mitchell Cancer Institute, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
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Zhang H, Cai B, Geng A, Tang H, Zhang W, Li S, Jiang Y, Tan R, Wan X, Mao Z. Base excision repair but not DNA double-strand break repair is impaired in aged human adipose-derived stem cells. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13062. [PMID: 31782607 PMCID: PMC6996963 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in DNA repair capacity contributes to the age-associated decrease in genome integrity in somatic cells of different species. However, due to the lack of clinical samples and appropriate tools for studying DNA repair, whether and how age-associated changes in DNA repair result in a loss of genome integrity of human adult stem cells remains incompletely characterized. Here, we isolated 20 eyelid adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) lines from healthy individuals (young: 10 donors with ages ranging 17-25 years; old: 10 donors with ages ranging 50-59 years). Using these cell lines, we systematically compared the efficiency of base excision repair (BER) and two DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways-nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR)-between the young and old groups. Surprisingly, we found that the efficiency of BER but not NHEJ or HR is impaired in aged human ADSCs, which is in contrast to previous findings that DSB repair declines with age in human fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that BER efficiency is negatively associated with tail moment, which reflects a loss of genome integrity in human ADSCs. Mechanistic studies indicated that at the protein level XRCC1, but not other BER factors, exhibited age-associated decline. Overexpression of XRCC1 reversed the decline of BER efficiency and genome integrity, indicating that XRCC1 is a potential therapeutic target for stabilizing genomes in aged ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Bailian Cai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Anke Geng
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Huanyin Tang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery Changzheng Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Sheng Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Rong Tan
- Center for Molecular Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
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Wilk A, Hayat F, Cunningham R, Li J, Garavaglia S, Zamani L, Ferraris DM, Sykora P, Andrews J, Clark J, Davis A, Chaloin L, Rizzi M, Migaud M, Sobol RW. Extracellular NAD + enhances PARP-dependent DNA repair capacity independently of CD73 activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:651. [PMID: 31959836 PMCID: PMC6971268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels that compromise mitochondrial function trigger release of DNA damaging reactive oxygen species. NAD+ levels also affect DNA repair capacity as NAD+ is a substrate for PARP-enzymes (mono/poly-ADP-ribosylation) and sirtuins (deacetylation). The ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73, an ectoenzyme highly expressed in cancer, is suggested to regulate intracellular NAD+ levels by processing NAD+ and its bio-precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from tumor microenvironments, thereby enhancing tumor DNA repair capacity and chemotherapy resistance. We therefore investigated whether expression of CD73 impacts intracellular NAD+ content and NAD+-dependent DNA repair capacity. Reduced intracellular NAD+ levels suppressed recruitment of the DNA repair protein XRCC1 to sites of genomic DNA damage and impacted the amount of accumulated DNA damage. Further, decreased NAD+ reduced the capacity to repair DNA damage induced by DNA alkylating agents. Overall, reversal of these outcomes through NAD+ or NMN supplementation was independent of CD73. In opposition to its proposed role in extracellular NAD+ bioprocessing, we found that recombinant human CD73 only poorly processes NMN but not NAD+. A positive correlation between CD73 expression and intracellular NAD+ content could not be made as CD73 knockout human cells were efficient in generating intracellular NAD+ when supplemented with NAD+ or NMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilk
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Richard Cunningham
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Leila Zamani
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Peter Sykora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Amelia Technologies, 14676 Rothgeb Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Jennifer Clark
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Laurent Chaloin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marie Migaud
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
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Xia W, Ci S, Li M, Wang M, Dianov GL, Ma Z, Li L, Hua K, Alagamuthu KK, Qing L, Luo L, Edick AM, Liu L, Hu Z, He L, Pan F, Guo Z. Two-way crosstalk between BER and c-NHEJ repair pathway is mediated by Pol-β and Ku70. FASEB J 2019; 33:11668-11681. [PMID: 31348687 PMCID: PMC6902736 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900308r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple DNA repair pathways may be involved in the removal of the same DNA lesion caused by endogenous or exogenous agents. Although distinct DNA repair machinery fulfill overlapping roles in the repair of DNA lesions, the mechanisms coordinating different pathways have not been investigated in detail. Here, we show that Ku70, a core protein of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway, can directly interact with DNA polymerase-β (Pol-β), a central player in the DNA base excision repair (BER), and this physical complex not only promotes the polymerase activity of Pol-β and BER efficiency but also enhances the classic NHEJ repair. Moreover, we find that DNA damages caused by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or etoposide promote the formation of Ku70-Pol-β complexes at the repair foci. Furthermore, suppression of endogenous Ku70 expression by small interfering RNA reduces BER efficiency and leads to higher sensitivity to MMS and accumulation of the DNA strand breaks. Similarly, Pol-β knockdown impairs total-NHEJ capacity but only has a slight influence on alternative NHEJ. These results suggest that Pol-β and Ku70 coordinate 2-way crosstalk between the BER and NHEJ pathways.-Xia, W., Ci, S., Li, M., Wang, M., Dianov, G. L., Ma, Z., Li, L., Hua, K., Alagamuthu, K. K., Qing, L., Luo, L., Edick, A. M., Liu, L., Hu, Z., He, L., Pan, F., Guo, Z. Two-way crosstalk between BER and c-NHEJ repair pathway is mediated by Pol-β and Ku70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shusheng Ci
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meina Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Grigory L. Dianov
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhuang Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karthick Kumar Alagamuthu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Qing
- The Seventh People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Libo Luo
- The Seventh People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Ashlin M. Edick
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Lingjie Liu
- College of Life Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Lee KJ, Piett CG, Andrews JF, Mann E, Nagel ZD, Gassman NR. Defective base excision repair in the response to DNA damaging agents in triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223725. [PMID: 31596905 PMCID: PMC6785058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair defects have been increasingly focused on as therapeutic targets. In hormone-positive breast cancer, XRCC1-deficient tumors have been identified and proposed as targets for combination therapies that damage DNA and inhibit DNA repair pathways. XRCC1 is a scaffold protein that functions in base excision repair (BER) by mediating essential interactions between DNA glycosylases, AP endonuclease, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, DNA polymerase β (POL β), and DNA ligases. Loss of XRCC1 confers BER defects and hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents. BER defects have not been evaluated in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), for which new therapeutic targets and therapies are needed. To evaluate the potential of XRCC1 as an indicator of BER defects in TNBC, we examined XRCC1 expression in the TCGA database and its expression and localization in TNBC cell lines. The TCGA database revealed high XRCC1 expression in TNBC tumors and TNBC cell lines show variable, but mostly high expression of XRCC1. XRCC1 localized outside of the nucleus in some TNBC cell lines, altering their ability to repair base lesions and single-strand breaks. Subcellular localization of POL β also varied and did not correlate with XRCC1 localization. Basal levels of DNA damage correlated with observed changes in XRCC1 expression, localization, and measure repair capacity. The results confirmed that XRCC1 expression changes indicate DNA repair capacity changes but emphasize that basal DNA damage levels along with protein localization are better indicators of DNA repair defects. Given the observed over-expression of XRCC1 in TNBC preclinical models and tumors, XRCC1 expression levels should be assessed when evaluating treatment responses of TNBC preclinical model cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Lee
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Cortt G. Piett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joel F. Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Elise Mann
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gvozdenov Z, Kolhe J, Freeman BC. The Nuclear and DNA-Associated Molecular Chaperone Network. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034009. [PMID: 30745291 PMCID: PMC6771373 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a healthy and functional proteome in all cellular compartments is critical to cell and organismal homeostasis. Yet, our understanding of the proteostasis process within the nucleus is limited. Here, we discuss the identified roles of the major molecular chaperones Hsp90, Hsp70, and Hsp60 with client proteins working in diverse DNA-associated pathways. The unique challenges facing proteins in the nucleus are considered as well as the conserved features of the molecular chaperone system in facilitating DNA-linked processes. As nuclear protein inclusions are a common feature of protein-aggregation diseases (e.g., neurodegeneration), a better understanding of nuclear proteostasis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlata Gvozdenov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.,Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Janhavi Kolhe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Brian C Freeman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Dubrez L, Causse S, Borges Bonan N, Dumétier B, Garrido C. Heat-shock proteins: chaperoning DNA repair. Oncogene 2019; 39:516-529. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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