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Wei G, Mao Z, Liu L, Hao T, Zhu L, Xu S, Wang X, Tang S. Rigidly Axial O Coordination-Induced Spin Polarization on Single Ni-N 4-C Site by MXene Coupling for Boosting Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to CO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39287955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Regulating the spin states in transition-metal (TM)-based single-atom catalysts (SACs), such as the TM-Nx-C configurations, is crucial for improving the catalytic activity. However, the role of spin in single Ni atoms facilitating the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been largely overlooked. Using first-principles simulations, we investigated the electrocatalytic performance of Ni-N4-C SACs vertically stacked on the O-terminated MXene nanosheets for the CO2RR. The terminated O atoms on MXene axially interact with the Ni atom due to significant charge transfer between them. Unlike the pure Ni-N4 site, which lacks spin polarization, the newly formed Ni-N4O configuration breaks the spin degeneracy of Ni d orbitals, dramatically lifting the energy level of spin-down d orbitals relative to that of spin-up d orbitals. As a result, the d electrons of Ni in the two spin channels are rearranged, leading to large net spin moments of 1.4 μB. Compared to the Ni-N4 site, the partially filled minority-spin dz2 orbitals of Ni on Ni-N4O weaken the occupied d-π* orbitals between Ni and *COOH, significantly stabilizing the key intermediate. The detailed reaction mechanisms and energetics show that four MXenes, namely, Hf3C2, Zr3C2, Hf2C, and Zr2C, can induce a large spin on the Ni site, thereby improving catalytic activity for CO2 reduction to CO, with a lower onset potential of about -0.75 V vs SHE compared to pure Ni SACs (-1.17 V) according to the potential-constant model with an explicit solvent environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zongchang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Tiantian Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Simin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shaobin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bamboo Advanced Materials and Conversion of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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2
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Chernavskii PA, Pankina GV. The effect of an external magnetic field on the interaction of carbon monoxide with hematite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19940-19946. [PMID: 38993168 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The effect of an external magnetic field on the activation energy (E*) of carbon monoxide interaction with hematite under isothermal conditions in the temperature range of 250 to 350 °C has been studied using in situ magnetometry. The dependence of E* of the reaction of magnetite formation on the magnetic field strength in the field strength range from 60 Oe to 3 kOe is shown for hematite nanoparticle samples deposited on 20 nm silica gel. An extreme field dependence of E* was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Chernavskii
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 170100, Russia
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - G V Pankina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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3
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Wu W, Luo J, Zhao J, Wang M, Luo L, Hu S, He B, Ma C, Li H, Zeng J. Facet sensitivity of iron carbides in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6108. [PMID: 39030277 PMCID: PMC11271519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a structure-sensitive reaction of which performance is strongly related to the active phase, particle size, and exposed facets. Compared with the full-pledged investigation on the active phase and particle size, the facet effect has been limited to theoretical studies or single-crystal surfaces, lacking experimental reports of practical catalysts, especially for Fe-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the facet sensitivity of iron carbides in FTS. As the prerequisite, {202} and {112} facets of χ-Fe5C2 are fabricated as the outer shell through the conformal reconstruction of Fe3O4 nanocubes and octahedra, as the inner cores, respectively. During FTS, the activity and stability are highly sensitive to the exposed facet of iron carbides, whereas the facet sensitivity is not prominent for the chain growth. According to mechanistic studies, {202} χ-Fe5C2 surfaces follow hydrogen-assisted CO dissociation which lowers the activation energy compared with the direct CO dissociation over {112} surfaces, affording the high FTS activity.
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Grants
- 22221003, 22250007, 22361162655 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA1500500, 2019YFA0405600), CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-051), National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (21925204), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0450000), Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center, CAS (2022HSC-CIP004), the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (YLU-DNL Fund 2022012), and International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (123GJHZ2022101GC). J.Z. acknowledges support from the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFA1508003), Joint Funds from the Hefei National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (KY9990000202), USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD9990002014)
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, P. R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sunpei Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bingxuan He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, P. R. China.
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
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4
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Serrano RR, Velasco‐Bosom S, Dominguez‐Alfaro A, Picchio ML, Mantione D, Mecerreyes D, Malliaras GG. High Density Body Surface Potential Mapping with Conducting Polymer-Eutectogel Electrode Arrays for ECG imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2301176. [PMID: 37203308 PMCID: PMC11251564 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiography imaging (ECGi) is a non-invasive inverse reconstruction procedure which employs body surface potential maps (BSPM) obtained from surface electrode array measurements to improve the spatial resolution and interpretability of conventional electrocardiography (ECG) for the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction. ECGi currently lacks precision, which has prevented its adoption in clinical setups. The introduction of high-density electrode arrays could increase ECGi reconstruction accuracy but is not attempted before due to manufacturing and processing limitations. Advances in multiple fields have now enabled the implementation of such arrays which poses questions on optimal array design parameters for ECGi. In this work, a novel conducting polymer electrode manufacturing process on flexible substrates is proposed to achieve high-density, mm-sized, conformable, long-term, and easily attachable electrode arrays for BSPM with parameters optimally selected for ECGi applications. Temporal, spectral, and correlation analysis are performed on a prototype array demonstrating the validity of the chosen parameters and the feasibility of high-density BSPM, paving the way for ECGi devices fit for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Dominguez‐Alfaro
- Electrical Engineering DivisionUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0FAUK
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
| | - Matias L. Picchio
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48009Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvda. Tolosa 72Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoa20018Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbao48009Spain
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5
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Qian F, Bai J, Cai Y, Yang H, Cao XM, Liu X, Liu XW, Yang Y, Li YW, Ma D, Wen XD. Stabilized ε-Fe 2C catalyst with Mn tuning to suppress C1 byproduct selectivity for high-temperature olefin synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5128. [PMID: 38879628 PMCID: PMC11180106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately controlling the product selectivity in syngas conversion, especially increasing the olefin selectivity while minimizing C1 byproducts, remains a significant challenge. Epsilon Fe2C is deemed a promising candidate catalyst due to its inherently low CO2 selectivity, but its use is hindered by its poor high-temperature stability. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of highly stable ε-Fe2C through a N-induced strategy utilizing pyrolysis of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs). This catalyst, with precisely controlled Mn promoter, not only achieved an olefin selectivity of up to 70.2% but also minimized the selectivity of C1 byproducts to 19.0%, including 11.9% CO2 and 7.1% CH4. The superior performance of our ε-Fe2C-xMn catalysts, particularly in minimizing CO2 formation, is largely attributed to the interface of dispersed MnO cluster and ε-Fe2C, which crucially limits CO to CO2 conversion. Here, we enhance the carbon efficiency and economic viability of the olefin production process while maintaining high catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jiawei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xue-Min Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Xing-Wu Liu
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yong-Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ding Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing, 101400, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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6
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Wang K, Li Z, Gao X, Ma Q, Zhang J, Zhao TS, Tsubaki N. Novel heterogeneous Fe-based catalysts for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to long chain α-olefins-A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117715. [PMID: 37996000 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The thermocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high value-added chemicals provides a strategy to address the environmental problems caused by excessive carbon emissions and the sustainable production of chemicals. Significant progress has been made in the CO2 hydrogenation to long chain α-olefins, but controlling C-O activation and C-C coupling remains a great challenge. This review focuses on the recent advances in catalyst design concepts for the synthesis of long chain α-olefins from CO2 hydrogenation. We have systematically summarized and analyzed the ingenious design of catalysts, reaction mechanisms, the interaction between active sites and supports, structure-activity relationship, influence of reaction process parameters on catalyst performance, and catalyst stability, as well as the regeneration methods. Meanwhile, the challenges in the development of the long chain α-olefins synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation are proposed, and the future development opportunities are prospected. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on long chain α-olefins synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation to inspire the invention of novel catalysts and accelerate the development of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhou Wang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ziqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Xinhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Qingxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Noritatsu Tsubaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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Tian H, Graczyk-Zajac M, Kessler A, Weidenkaff A, Riedel R. Recycling and Reusing of Graphite from Retired Lithium-ion Batteries: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2308494. [PMID: 38102959 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) over the past decade has led to a significant increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) powered by these batteries reaching the end of their lifespan. With retired EVs becoming more prevalent, recycling and reusing their components, particularly graphite, has become imperative as the world transitions toward electric mobility. Graphite constitutes ≈20% of LIBs by weight, making it a valuable resource to be conserved. This review presents an in-depth analysis of the current global graphite mining landscape and explores potential opportunities for the "second life" of graphitefrom depleted LIBs. Various recycling and reactivation technologies in both industry and academia are discussed, along with potential applications for recycled graphite forming a vital aspect of the waste management hierarchy. Furthermore, this review addresses the future challenges faced by the recycling industry in dealing with expired LIBs, encompassing environmental, economic, legal, and regulatory considerations. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the developments in recycling and reusing graphite from retired LIBs, offering valuable insights for forthcoming large-scale recycling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Tian
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Durlacher Allee 93, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Durlacher Allee 93, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alois Kessler
- EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, Durlacher Allee 93, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Materials Recycling and Resource Strategy (IWKS), Brentanostraße 2a, 63755, Alzenau, Germany
| | - Ralf Riedel
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Yin Q, Wang H, Zhao J, Li C, Mao Y. A DFT study towards dynamic structures of iron and iron carbide and their effects on the activity of the Fischer-Tropsch process. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34262-34272. [PMID: 38020027 PMCID: PMC10663884 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fe-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst shows a rich phase chemistry under pre-treatment and FTS conditions. The exact structural composition of the active site, whether iron or iron carbide (FeCx), is still controversial. Aiming to obtain an insight into the active sites and their role in affecting FTS activity, the swarm intelligence algorithm is implemented to search for the most stable Fe(100), Fe(110), Fe(210) surfaces with different carbon ratios. Then, ab initio atomistic thermodynamics and Wulffman construction were employed to evaluate the stability of these surfaces at different chemical potentials of carbon. Their FTS reactivity and selectivity were later assessed by semi-quantitative micro-kinetic equations. The results show that stability, reactivity, and selectivity of the iron are all affected by the carbonization process when the carbon ratio increases. Formation of the carbide, a rather natural process under experimental conditions, would moderately increase the turnover frequency (TOF), but both iron and iron carbide are active to the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yin
- Department of Forestry Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha China
- Hunan Engineering Research Centre of Full Life-cycle Energy-efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha China
- Hunan Engineering Research Centre of Full Life-cycle Energy-efficient Buildings and Environmental Health, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha China
| | - Chengjun Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Auckland 1010 New Zealand
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9
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Liu QY, Chen D, Shang C, Liu ZP. An optimal Fe-C coordination ensemble for hydrocarbon chain growth: a full Fischer-Tropsch synthesis mechanism from machine learning. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9461-9475. [PMID: 37712046 PMCID: PMC10498498 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS, CO + H2 → long-chain hydrocarbons) because of its great significance in industry has attracted huge attention since its discovery. For Fe-based catalysts, after decades of efforts, even the product distribution remains poorly understood due to the lack of information on the active site and the chain growth mechanism. Herein powered by a newly developed machine-learning-based transition state (ML-TS) exploration method to treat properly reaction-induced surface reconstruction, we are able to resolve where and how long-chain hydrocarbons grow on complex in situ-formed Fe-carbide (FeCx) surfaces from thousands of pathway candidates. Microkinetics simulations based on first-principles kinetics data further determine the rate-determining and the selectivity-controlling steps, and reveal the fine details of the product distribution in obeying and deviating from the Anderson-Schulz-Flory law. By showing that all FeCx phases can grow coherently upon each other, we demonstrate that the FTS active site, namely the A-P5 site present on reconstructed Fe3C(031), Fe5C2(510), Fe5C2(021), and Fe7C3(071) terrace surfaces, is not necessarily connected to any particular FeCx phase, rationalizing long-standing structure-activity puzzles. The optimal Fe-C coordination ensemble of the A-P5 site exhibits both Fe-carbide (Fe4C square) and metal Fe (Fe3 trimer) features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Dongxiao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution Shanghai 200030 China
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10
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Mei B, Sun F, Wei Y, Zhang H, Chen X, Huang W, Ma J, Song F, Jiang Z. In situ catalytic cells for x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:2890236. [PMID: 37171238 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In catalysis, determining the relationship between the dynamic electronic and atomic structure of the catalysts and the catalytic performance under actual reaction conditions is essential to gain a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanism since the structure evolution induced by the absorption of reactants and intermediates affects the reaction activity. Hard x-ray spectroscopy methods are considered powerful and indispensable tools for the accurate identification of local structural changes, for which the development of suitable in situ reaction cells is required. However, the rational design and development of spectroscopic cells is challenging because a balance between real rigorous reaction conditions and a good signal-to-noise ratio must be reached. Here, we summarize the in situ cells currently used in the monitoring of thermocatalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis processes, focusing especially on the cells utilized in the BL14W1-x-ray absorption fine structure beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and highlight recent endeavors on the acquisition of improved spectra under real reaction conditions. This review provides a full overview of the design of in situ cells, aiming to guide the further development of portable and promising cells. Finally, perspectives and crucial factors regarding in situ cells under industrial operating conditions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbao Mei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfei Sun
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Beijing SciStar Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- Beijing SciStar Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Adsorption and activation of CO on perfect and defective h-Fe7C3 surfaces for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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12
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Theoretically Predicted CO Adsorption and Activation on the Co-Doped hcp-Fe7C3 Catalyst. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hcp-Fe7C3 phase has attracted more attention due to the high catalytic activity in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reactions. In this work, the adsorption and activation of CO on a Co-doped hcp-Fe7C3 catalyst were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) in order to understand the effect of Co doping on the initial step of FTS reactions on iron-based catalysts. Different Co-doped hcp-Fe7C3 001 and 11¯0 surfaces were constructed, and the CO adsorption configurations were studied. The calculated results show that the structure of the 001 surface remains basically unchanged after doping with Co atoms, while the replacement of Fe or C atoms on 11¯0 surfaces with Co atoms has a significant impact on the surface structure. The top sites on the doped Co atoms of hcp-Fe7C3 are disadvantages for the CO adsorption, whereas the T, 2F, or 3F sites around the doped Co atoms are beneficial for promoting the adsorption of CO. The CO direct dissociation pathways on the four types of Co-doped hcp-Fe7C3 001 surfaces are exothermic, while the H-assisted dissociation pathways of CO are endothermic. The H-assisted activation via HCO on the 3F1 site of the 2Co2-doped hcp-Fe7C3 001 surface shows the lowest energy barrier of 1.96 eV. For the Co-doped hcp-Fe7C3 11¯0 surfaces, the H-assisted activation via HCO is the preferred activation pathway for CO on the Co-doped surfaces with the energy barrier of approximately 1.30 eV.
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13
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Hua Z, Yang Y, Liu J. Direct hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to value-added aromatics. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Jiang Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Liu Z, Gao X, Zhang J, Ma Q, Fan S, Zhao TS, Yao M. Recent advances in thermocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to light olefins and liquid fuels via modified Fischer-Tropsch pathway. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Lu P, Liang J, Wang K, Liu B, Atchimarungsri T, Wang Y, Zhang X, Tian J, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Reubroycharoen P, Zhao T, Zhang J, Gao X. Boosting Liquid Hydrocarbon Synthesis from CO 2 Hydrogenation via Tailoring Acid Properties of HZSM-5 Zeolite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Kangzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Thachapan Atchimarungsri
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Xingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Jumei Tian
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Coal and Coal Chemical Products (Ningxia), Yinchuan750200, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
- Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute, China Energy Group Ningxia Industry Coal Co. Ltd., Yinchuan750411, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Prasert Reubroycharoen
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok10330, Thailand
| | - Tiansheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
| | - Xinhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, China
- Ningxia Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Coal and Coal Chemical Products (Ningxia), Yinchuan750200, China
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16
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Duan Y, Sun H, Lu W. Theoretical study of CO adsorption and activation on h-Fe7C3 (11¯1) for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Influence of carbon deposits on Fe-carbide for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Bai J, Qin C, Xu Y, Xu D, Ding M. Preparation of Nitrogen Doped Biochar-Based Iron Catalyst for Enhancing Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45516-45525. [PMID: 36173040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing catalysts to obtain high space time yield (STY) of gasoline-range hydrocarbons via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a huge challenge due to the restriction of Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution. Herein, a nitrogen doped biochar-based iron catalyst was synthesized by a one-step method using sugar cane bagasse as carbon precursor, which exhibited an excellent gasoline STY of 8.65 gC5-12 gFe-1 h-1, exceeding most reported catalysts. A strong positive relationship between the amount of pyrrolic N and long-chain hydrocarbons selectivity was displayed. The characterization results indicated that pyrrolic N configuration on anchor sites tuned effectively the dispersion of iron species and metal-support interaction as well as CO adsorption, improving the FTS performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Bai
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Di Xu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518108, China
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19
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Cui L, Liu C, Yao B, Edwards PP, Xiao T, Cao F. A review of catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide: From waste to hydrocarbons. Front Chem 2022; 10:1037997. [PMID: 36304742 PMCID: PMC9592991 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1037997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of industrial society and humankind’s prosperity, the growing demands of global energy, mainly based on the combustion of hydrocarbon fossil fuels, has become one of the most severe challenges all over the world. It is estimated that fossil fuel consumption continues to grow with an annual increase rate of 1.3%, which has seriously affected the natural environment through the emission of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide (CO2). Given these recognized environmental concerns, it is imperative to develop clean technologies for converting captured CO2 to high-valued chemicals, one of which is value-added hydrocarbons. In this article, environmental effects due to CO2 emission are discussed and various routes for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons including light olefins, fuel oils (gasoline and jet fuel), and aromatics are comprehensively elaborated. Our emphasis is on catalyst development. In addition, we present an outlook that summarizes the research challenges and opportunities associated with the hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbon products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Benzhen Yao
- OXCCU Tech Ltd, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter P. Edwards
- OXCCU Tech Ltd, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- OXCCU Tech Ltd, Centre for Innovation and Enterprise, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fahai Cao, ; Tiancun Xiao,
| | - Fahai Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fahai Cao, ; Tiancun Xiao,
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20
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Single-Phase θ-Fe3C Derived from Prussian Blue and Its Catalytic Application in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the intrinsic catalytic principle of iron carbides remains a substantial challenge in iron-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS), due to possible interference from other Fe-containing species. Here, we propose a facile approach to synthesize single-phase θ-Fe3C via the pyrolysis of a molecularly defined Fe-C complex (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3), thus affording close examination of its catalytic behavior during FTS. The crystal structure of prepared θ-Fe3C is unambiguously verified by combined XRD and MES measurement, demonstrating its single-phase nature. Strikingly, single-phase θ-Fe3C exhibited excellent selectivity to light olefins (77.8%) in the C2-C4 hydrocarbons with less than 10% CO2 formation in typical FTS conditions. This strategy further succeeds with promotion of Mn, evident for its wide-ranging compatibility for the promising industrial development of catalysts. This work offers a facile approach for oriented preparation of single-phase θ-Fe3C and provides an in-depth understanding of its intrinsic catalytic performance in FTS.
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21
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Lin T, An Y, Yu F, Gong K, Yu H, Wang C, Sun Y, Zhong L. Advances in Selectivity Control for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis to Fuels and Chemicals with High Carbon Efficiency. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei An
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Kun Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Caiqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Liangshu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
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22
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Karakaya C, White E, Jennings D, Kidder M, Deutschmann O, Kee RJ. CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons over Fe/BZY catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karakaya
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Manufacturing Science Division 1 Bettel Valley Rd 37831 Oak Ridge UNITED STATES
| | - Erick White
- NREL: National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Bioenergy Center UNITED STATES
| | - Dylan Jennings
- Colorado School of Mines Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, UNITED STATES
| | - Michelle Kidder
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Manufacturing Science Division UNITED STATES
| | - Olaf Deutschmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Technical Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Robert J. Kee
- Colorado School of Mines Mechanical Engineering UNITED STATES
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23
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Xu M, Liu X, Song G, Cai Y, Shi B, Liu Y, Ding X, Yang Z, Tian P, Cao C, Xu J. Regulating iron species compositions by Fe-Al interaction in CO2 hydrogenation. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Zeng Z, Li Z, Kang L, Han X, Qi Z, Guo S, Wang J, Rykov A, Lv J, Wang Y, Ma X. A Monodisperse ε′-(Co xFe 1–x) 2.2C Bimetallic Carbide Catalyst for Direct Conversion of Syngas to Higher Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoshi Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Li Kang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Han
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zouxuan Qi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxia Guo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Wang
- The Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Alexandre Rykov
- The Center for Advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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25
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Bai Y, Liu J, Wang T, Song YF, Yang Y, Li YW, Wen X. Theoretical study about adsorbed oxygen reduction over χ-Fe5C2: formation of H2O and CO2. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Liu QY, Shang C, Liu ZP. In Situ Active Site for Fe-Catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Recent Progress and Future Challenges. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3342-3352. [PMID: 35394796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) that converts syngas into long-chain hydrocarbons is a key technology in the chemical industry. As one of the best catalysts for FTS, the Fe-based composite develops rich solid phases (metal, oxides, and carbides) in the catalytic reaction, which triggered the quest for the true active site in catalysis in the past century. Recent years have seen great advances in probing the active-site structure using modern experimental and theoretical tools. This Perspective serves to highlight these latest achievements, focusing on the geometrical structure and thermodynamic stability of Fe carbide bulk phases, the exposed surfaces, and their relationship to FTS activity. The current reaction mechanisms on CO activation and carbon chain growth are also discussed, in the context of theoretical models and experimental evidence. We also present the outlook regarding the current challenges in Fe-based FTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Recent advances in application of iron-based catalysts for CO hydrogenation to value-added hydrocarbons. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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LaGrow AP, Famiani S, Sergides A, Lari L, Lloyd DC, Takahashi M, Maenosono S, Boyes ED, Gai PL, Thanh NTK. Environmental STEM Study of the Oxidation Mechanism for Iron and Iron Carbide Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041557. [PMID: 35208096 PMCID: PMC8877599 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of solution-synthesized iron (Fe) and iron carbide (Fe2C) nanoparticles was studied in an environmental scanning transmission electron microscope (ESTEM) at elevated temperatures under oxygen gas. The nanoparticles studied had a native oxide shell present, that formed after synthesis, an ~3 nm iron oxide (FexOy) shell for the Fe nanoparticles and ~2 nm for the Fe2C nanoparticles, with small void areas seen in several places between the core and shell for the Fe and an ~0.8 nm space between the core and shell for the Fe2C. The iron nanoparticles oxidized asymmetrically, with voids on the borders between the Fe core and FexOy shell increasing in size until the void coalesced, and finally the Fe core disappeared. In comparison, the oxidation of the Fe2C progressed symmetrically, with the core shrinking in the center and the outer oxide shell growing until the iron carbide had fully disappeared. Small bridges of iron oxide formed during oxidation, indicating that the Fe transitioned to the oxide shell surface across the channels, while leaving the carbon behind in the hollow core. The carbon in the carbide is hypothesized to suppress the formation of larger crystallites of iron oxide during oxidation, and alter the diffusion rates of the Fe and O during the reaction, which explains the lower sensitivity to oxidation of the Fe2C nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec P. LaGrow
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.P.L.); (N.T.K.T.)
| | - Simone Famiani
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (S.F.); (A.S.)
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Andreas Sergides
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (S.F.); (A.S.)
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Leonardo Lari
- The York Nanocentre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (L.L.); (D.C.L.); (E.D.B.); (P.L.G.)
| | - David C. Lloyd
- The York Nanocentre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (L.L.); (D.C.L.); (E.D.B.); (P.L.G.)
| | - Mari Takahashi
- School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Ishikawa, Kanazawa 923-1292, Japan; (M.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Shinya Maenosono
- School of Material Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Ishikawa, Kanazawa 923-1292, Japan; (M.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Edward D. Boyes
- The York Nanocentre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (L.L.); (D.C.L.); (E.D.B.); (P.L.G.)
| | - Pratibha L. Gai
- The York Nanocentre, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (L.L.); (D.C.L.); (E.D.B.); (P.L.G.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (S.F.); (A.S.)
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics and Nanomaterials Laboratories, London W1S 4BS, UK
- Correspondence: (A.P.L.); (N.T.K.T.)
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29
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CoFe alloy carbide catalysts for higher alcohols synthesis from syngas: Evolution of active sites and Na promoting effect. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Tang L, Zhou BC, Liu X, Xu S, Wang J, Xu W, Liu X, Chen L, Lu AH. Selective synthesis of core-shell structured catalyst χ-Fe5C2 surrounded by nanosized Fe3O4 for conversion of syngas to liquid fuels. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing liquid hydrocarbons selectivity and simultaneously suppressing CO2 formation are highly desirable yet challenges in iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Herein, we report an in-situ oxidation method for the fabrication of a...
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31
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Zhang J, Abbas M, Zhao W, Chen J. Enhanced stability of a fused iron catalyst under realistic Fischer–Tropsch synthesis conditions: insights into the role of iron phases (χ-Fe 5C 2, θ-Fe 3C and α-Fe). Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance and stability of fused-Fe catalyst in FTS reaction are enhanced through the control synthesis of iron phases (χ-Fe5C2, θ-Fe3C and α-Fe).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Ceramics Department, National Research Center, 12622 El Behouth Str., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Sanju Environmental Protection New Material Co., Ltd, China
| | - Jiangang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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32
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Fu Y, Chen L, Xiong Y, Chen H, Xie R, Wang B, Zhang Y, Liu T, Zhang P. NiFe-CN catalysts derived from Solid-phase Exfoliation of NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide for CO2 Electroreduction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02234f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient carbon dioxide reducing reaction (CO2RR) catalysts is one of the practical solutions to environmental problems. Usually metal-doped catalysts were used for CO2RR, but the metal elements...
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33
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Yang Y, Qian W, Zhang H, Han Z, Ma H, Sun Q, Ying W. Effect of the Zr promoter on precipitated iron-based catalysts for high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of light olefins. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FeMnxZr and FeMnxZr2Na catalysts prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods were applied to investigate the promoting effects of Zr on iron-based catalysts for high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (HTFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weixin Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhonghao Han
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Liquefaction and Coal Chemical Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiyong Ying
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of chemical engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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34
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Tang Y, Li Y, Feng Tao F. Activation and catalytic transformation of methane under mild conditions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:376-423. [PMID: 34904592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, worldwide scientists have been motivated by the promising production of chemicals from the widely existing methane (CH4) under mild conditions for both chemical synthesis with low energy consumption and climate remediation. To achieve this goal, a whole library of catalytic chemistries of transforming CH4 to various products under mild conditions is required to be developed. Worldwide scientists have made significant efforts to reach this goal. These significant efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of oxidation of CH4 to value-added intermediate compounds including but not limited to CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH, and CH3COOH under mild conditions. The fundamental understanding of these chemical and catalytic transformations of CH4 under mild conditions have been achieved to some extent, although currently neither a catalyst nor a catalytic process can be used for chemical production under mild conditions at a large scale. In the academic community, over ten different reactions have been developed for converting CH4 to different types of oxygenates under mild conditions in terms of a relatively low activation or catalysis temperature. However, there is still a lack of a molecular-level understanding of the activation and catalysis processes performed in extremely complex reaction environments under mild conditions. This article reviewed the fundamental understanding of these activation and catalysis achieved so far. Different oxidative activations of CH4 or catalytic transformations toward chemical production under mild conditions were reviewed in parallel, by which the trend of developing catalysts for a specific reaction was identified and insights into the design of these catalysts were gained. As a whole, this review focused on discussing profound insights gained through endeavors of scientists in this field. It aimed to present a relatively complete picture for the activation and catalytic transformations of CH4 to chemicals under mild conditions. Finally, suggestions of potential explorations for the production of chemicals from CH4 under mild conditions were made. The facing challenges to achieve high yield of ideal products were highlighted and possible solutions to tackle them were briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Institute of Molecular Catalysis and In situ/operando Studies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350000, China.
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, KS 66045, USA.
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35
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Shi K, Guo L, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Li D, Liu K, Li M, Xue Z, Sun S, Mao C. Tunable CO Dissociation Assisted by H
2
over Cobalt Species: A Mechanistic Study by In‐situ DRIFTS. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials University of Science & Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang National Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai 201204 P. R. China
| | - Da Li
- Linhuan Coking Company Limited Huaibei Anhui 235141 P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Linhuan Coking Company Limited Huaibei Anhui 235141 P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoming Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
| | - Changjie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 P. R. China
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36
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He Y, Shi H, Johnson O, Joseph B, Kuhn JN. Selective and Stable In-Promoted Fe Catalyst for Syngas Conversion to Light Olefins. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Hanzhong Shi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Olusola Johnson
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - John N. Kuhn
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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37
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Chen H, Zhao Z, Wang G, Zheng Z, Chen J, Kuang Q, Xie Z. Dynamic Phase Transition of Iron Oxycarbide Facilitated by Pt Nanoparticles for Promoting the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Genyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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38
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Wei J, Yao R, Han Y, Ge Q, Sun J. Towards the development of the emerging process of CO 2 heterogenous hydrogenation into high-value unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10764-10805. [PMID: 34605829 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emerging process of CO2 hydrogenation through heterogenous catalysis into important bulk chemicals provides an alternative strategy for sustainable and low-cost production of valuable chemicals, and brings an important chance for mitigating CO2 emissions. Direct synthesis of the family of unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons such as α-olefins and aromatics via CO2 hydrogenation is more attractive and challenging than the production of short-chain products to modern society, suffering from the difficult control between C-O activation and C-C coupling towards long-chain hydrocarbons. In the past several years, rapid progress has been achieved in the development of efficient catalysts for the process and understanding of their catalytic mechanisms. In this review, we provide a comprehensive, authoritative and critical overview of the substantial progress in the synthesis of α-olefins and aromatics from CO2 hydrogenation via direct and indirect routes. The rational fabrication and design of catalysts, proximity effects of multi-active sites, stability and deactivation of catalysts, reaction mechanisms and reactor design are systematically discussed. Finally, current challenges and potential applications in the development of advanced catalysts, as well as opportunities of next-generation CO2 hydrogenation techniques for carbon neutrality in future are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ruwei Yao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Han
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingjie Ge
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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40
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Highly active FexOy@SiO2 catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis through the confinement effect of metal organic frameworks material: Preparation and structure-activity relationship. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Chai J, Pestman R, Chen W, Dugulan AI, Feng B, Men Z, Wang P, Hensen EJ. The role of H2 in Fe carburization by CO in Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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42
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Liu QY, Shang C, Liu ZP. In Situ Active Site for CO Activation in Fe-Catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis from Machine Learning. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11109-11120. [PMID: 34278799 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In situ-formed iron carbides (FeCx) are the key components responsible for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS, CO + H2 → long-chain hydrocarbons) on Fe-based catalysts in industry. The true active site is, however, highly controversial despite more than a century of study, which is largely due to the combined complexity in both FeCx structures and mechanism of CO hydrogenation. Herein powered by machine learning simulation, millions of structure candidates for FeCx bulk and surfaces are explored under FTS conditions, which leads to resolving the active site for CO activation. This is achieved without a priori input from experiment by first constructing the thermodynamics convex hull of bulk phases, followed by identifying the low surface energy surfaces and evaluating the adsorption ability of CO and H, and finally determining the lowest energy reaction pathway of CO activation. Rich information on FeCx structures and CO hydrogenation pathways is gleaned: (i) Fe5C2, Fe7C3, and Fe2C are the three stable bulk phases under FTS in producing olefins, where Fe7C3 and Fe2C have multiple energetically nearly degenerate bulk crystal phases; (ii) only three low surface energy surfaces of these bulk phases, namely, χ-Fe5C2(510), χ-Fe5C2(111), and η-Fe2C(111), expose the Fe sites that can adsorb H atoms exothermically, where the surface Fe:C ratio is 2, 1.75, and 2, respectively; (iii) CO activation via direct dissociation can occur at the surface C vacancies (e.g., with a barrier of 1.1 eV) that are created dynamically via hydrogenation. These atomic-level understandings facilitate the building of the structure-activity correlation and designing better FT catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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43
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Wang R, Peng Z, Wu P, Lu J, Rood MJ, Sun H, Zeng J, Wang Y, Yan Z. Direct Synthesis of Nanosheet-Stacked Hierarchical "Honey Stick-like" MFI Zeolites by an Aromatic Heterocyclic Dual-Functional Organic Structure-Directing Agent. Chemistry 2021; 27:8694-8697. [PMID: 33938064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Soft template designing is the most promising strategy for the synthesis of zeolite nanosheets. MFI nanosheets directed by soft templates (containing long-chain alkyl groups or aromatic groups as hydrophobic component) can be found frequently; however, so far, MFI nanosheets synthesized by soft templates with aromatic heterocycle groups (e. g., s-triazine groups) are rare. Herein, a nanosheet-stacked hierarchical MFI zeolite (NSHM) has been synthesized by using a triply branched s-triazine-based surfactant as a bifunctional organic structure-directing agent. On the basis of a geometrical match relationship, a formation model has been proposed. Synthesized NSHM had abundant mesopores stacked by nanosheets and exhibited a high surface area (430 m2 ⋅ g-1 ). The 1 wt% Pd/NSHM attained a significant increase in yield of cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone mixture (from 66 to 85 %) in the oxidation of cyclohexane compared with Silicalite-1 and SBA-15 as supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Wang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Peng
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Wu
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mark J Rood
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States
| | - Hongman Sun
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Youhe Wang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Yan
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (EastChina), No. 66, Changjiang West Road Qingdao Economic & Technical Development Zone, Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, P. R. China
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Bai J, Qin C, Xu Y, Du Y, Ma G, Ding M. Biosugarcane-based carbon support for high-performance iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. iScience 2021; 24:102715. [PMID: 34258552 PMCID: PMC8253968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploiting new carbon supports with adjustable metal-support interaction and low price is of prime importance to realize the maximum active iron efficiency and industrial-scale application of Fe-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Herein, a simple, tunable, and scalable biochar support derived from the sugarcane bagasse was successfully prepared and was first used for FTS. The metal-support interaction was precisely controlled by functional groups of biosugarcane-based carbon material and different iron species sizes. All catalysts synthesized displayed high activities, and the iron-time-yield of Fe4/Cbio even reached 1,198.9 μmol gFe−1 s−1. This performance was due to the unique structure and characteristics of the biosugarcane-based carbon support, which possessed abundant C−O, C=O (η1(O) and η2(C, O)) functional groups, thus endowing the moderate metal-support interaction, high dispersion of active iron species, more active ε-Fe2C phase, and, most importantly, a high proportion of FexC/Fesurf, facilitating the maximum iron efficiency and intrinsic activity of the catalyst. A kind of carbon support, derived from the sugarcane bagasse, is prepared This biochar catalyst reaches an excellent FTY value in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Functional groups and Fe species sizes regulate metal-support interactions Superior performance is due to abundant functional groups and ε-Fe2C
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Bai
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yixiong Du
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guangyuan Ma
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, the Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518108, China
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45
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Moraru IT, Martínez-Prieto LM, Coppel Y, Chaudret B, Cusinato L, Del Rosal I, Poteau R. A combined theoretical/experimental study highlighting the formation of carbides on Ru nanoparticles during CO hydrogenation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6902-6915. [PMID: 33885491 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formation of stable carbides during CO bond dissociation on small ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs) is demonstrated, both by means of DFT calculations and by solid state 13C NMR techniques. Theoretical calculations of chemical shifts in several model clusters are employed in order to secure experimental spectroscopic assignations for surface ruthenium carbides. Mechanistic DFT investigations, carried out on a realistic Ru55 nanoparticle model (∼1 nm) in terms of size, structure and surface composition, reveal that ruthenium carbides are obtained during CO hydrogenation. Calculations also indicate that carbide formation via hydrogen-assisted hydroxymethylidyne (COH) pathways is exothermic and occurs at reasonable kinetic cost on standard sites of the RuNPs, such as 4-fold ones on flat terraces, and not only in steps as previously suggested. Another novel outcome of the DFT mechanistic study consists of the possible formation of μ6 ruthenium carbides in the tip-B5 site, similar examples being known only for molecular ruthenium clusters. Moreover, based on DFT energies, the possible rearrangement of the surface metal atoms around the same tip-site results in a μ-Ru atom coordinated to the remaining RuNP moiety, reminiscent of a pseudo-octahedral metal center on the NP surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut-Tudor Moraru
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, CNRS; LPCNO (IRSAMC), 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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46
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Zohar O, Khatib M, Omar R, Vishinkin R, Broza YY, Haick H. Biointerfaced sensors for biodiagnostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Orr Zohar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Muhammad Khatib
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Rawan Omar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Rotem Vishinkin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute Technion–Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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47
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Wang T, Xu Y, Li Y, Xin L, Liu B, Jiang F, Liu X. Sodium-Mediated Bimetallic Fe–Ni Catalyst Boosts Stable and Selective Production of Light Aromatics over HZSM-5 Zeolite. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuebing Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohao Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Zhang Z, Yin H, Yu G, He S, Kang J, Liu Z, Cheng K, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Selective hydrogenation of CO2 and CO into olefins over Sodium- and Zinc-Promoted iron carbide catalysts. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nezam I, Zhou W, Gusmão GS, Realff MJ, Wang Y, Medford AJ, Jones CW. Direct aromatization of CO2 via combined CO2 hydrogenation and zeolite-based acid catalysis. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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50
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Liu X, Liu J, Yang Y, Li YW, Wen X. Theoretical Perspectives on the Modulation of Carbon on Transition-Metal Catalysts for Conversion of Carbon-Containing Resources. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, People’s Republic of China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing 101400, People’s Republic of China
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