1
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Stachowiak M, Grabowska E, Wang XG, Carrington T, Szalewicz K, Jankowski P. Theory cracks old data: Rovibrational energy levels of orthoH 2-CO derived from experiment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8632. [PMID: 38394212 PMCID: PMC10889352 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Measurements of rovibrational spectra of clusters provide physical insight only if spectral lines can be assigned to pairs of quantum states, and further insight is obtained if one can deduce the quantitative energy-level pattern. Both steps can be so difficult that some measured spectra remain unassigned, one example is orthoH2-CO. To extend the scope of spectroscopic insights, we propose to use theoretical information in interpretation of spectra. We first performed high accuracy, full-dimensional calculations of the orthoH2-CO spectrum, at the highest practically achievable levels of electronic structure theory and quantum nuclear dynamics. Then, an iterative, theory-guided method developed here allowed us to fully interpret the spectrum of orthoH2-CO, extending the range of van der Waals clusters for which spectroscopy can provide physical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grabowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Chemistry Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tucker Carrington
- Chemistry Department, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Szalewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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2
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Balakrishnan N, Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Guo H, Aoiz FJ. Quantum stereodynamics of cold molecular collisions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1239-1256. [PMID: 38197484 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Advances in quantum state preparations combined with molecular cooling and trapping technologies have enabled unprecedented control of molecular collision dynamics. This progress, achieved over the last two decades, has dramatically improved our understanding of molecular phenomena in the extreme quantum regime characterized by translational temperatures well below a kelvin. In this regime, collision outcomes are dominated by isolated partial waves, quantum threshold and quantum statistics effects, tiny energy splitting at the spin and hyperfine levels, and long-range forces. Collision outcomes are influenced not only by the quantum state preparation of the initial molecular states but also by the polarization of their rotational angular momentum, i.e., stereodynamics of molecular collisions. The Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage technique developed in the last several years has become a versatile tool to study the stereodynamics of light molecular collisions in which alignment of the molecular bond axis relative to initial collision velocity can be fully controlled. Landmark experiments reported by Zare and coworkers have motivated new theoretical developments, including formalisms to describe four-vector correlations in molecular collisions that are revealed by the experiments. In this Feature article, we provide an overview of recent theoretical developments for the description of stereodynamics of cold molecular collisions and their implications to cold controlled chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
| | - Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
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3
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Nötzold M, Wild R, Lochmann C, Rahim T, Melath SP, Dulitz K, Mant B, Franz J, Gianturco FA, Wester R. Vibrational Quenching of Optically Pumped Carbon Dimer Anions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:183002. [PMID: 37977634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Careful control of quantum states is a gateway to research in many areas of science such as quantum information, quantum-controlled chemistry, and astrophysical processes. Precise optical control of molecular ions remains a challenge due to the scarcity of suitable level schemes, and direct laser cooling has not yet been achieved for either positive or negative molecular ions. Using a cryogenic wire trap, we show how the internal quantum states of C_{2}^{-} anions can be manipulated using optical pumping and inelastic quenching collisions with H_{2} gas. We obtained optical pumping efficiencies of about 96% into the first vibrational level of C_{2}^{-} and determined the absolute inelastic rate coefficient from v=1 to 0 to be k_{q}=(3.2±0.2_{stat}±1.3_{sys})×10^{-13} cm^{3}/s at 20(3) K, over 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the capture limit. Reduced-dimensional quantum scattering calculations yield a small rate coefficient as well, but significantly larger than the experimental value. Using optical pumping and inelastic collisions, we also realized fluorescence imaging of negative molecular ions. Our work demonstrates high control of a cold ensemble of C_{2}^{-}, providing a solid foundation for future work on laser cooling of molecular ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Nötzold
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Wild
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Lochmann
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Rahim
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sruthi Purushu Melath
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barry Mant
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Franz
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Francesco A Gianturco
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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4
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Yang D, Guo H, Xie D. Recent advances in quantum theory on ro-vibrationally inelastic scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3577-3594. [PMID: 36602236 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular collisions are of fundamental importance in understanding intermolecular interaction and dynamics. Its importance is accentuated in cold and ultra-cold collisions because of the dominant quantum mechanical nature of the scattering. We review recent advances in the time-independent approach to quantum mechanical characterization of non-reactive scattering in tetratomic systems, which is ideally suited for large collisional de Broglie wavelengths characteristic in cold and ultracold conditions. We discuss quantum scattering algorithms between two diatoms and between a triatom and an atom and their implementation, as well as various approximate schemes. They not only enable the characterization of collision dynamics in realistic systems but also serve as benchmarks for developing more approximate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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5
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Abstract
The amount of information that can be obtained from a scattering experiment depends upon the precision with which the quantum states are defined in the incoming channel. By precisely defining the incoming states and measuring the outgoing states in a scattering experiment, we set up the boundary condition for experimentally solving the Schrödinger equation. In this Perspective we discuss cold inelastic scattering experiments using the most theoretically tractable H2 and its isotopologues as the target. We prepare the target in a precisely defined rovibrational (v, j, m) quantum state using a special coherent optical technique called the Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage (SARP). v and j represent the quantum numbers of the vibrational and rotational energy levels, and m refers to the projection of the rotational angular momentum vector j on a suitable quantization axis in the laboratory frame. Selection of the m quantum numbers defines the alignment of the molecular frame, which is necessary to probe the anisotropic interactions. For us to achieve the collision temperature in the range of a few degrees Kelvin, we co-expand the colliding partners in a mixed supersonic beam that is collimated to define a direction for the collision velocity. When the bond axis is aligned with respect to a well-defined collision velocity, SARP achieves stereodynamic control at the quantum scale. Through various examples of rotationally inelastic cold scattering experiments, we show how SARP coherently controls the dynamics of anisotropic interactions by preparing quantum superpositions of the orientational m states within a single rovibrational (v, j) energy state. A partial wave analysis, which has been developed for the cold scattering experiments, shows dominance of a resonant orbital that leaves its mark in the scattering angular distribution. These highly controlled cold collision experiments at the single partial wave limit allow the most direct comparison with the results of theoretical computations, necessary for accurate modeling of the molecular interaction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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6
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Mao Y, Buren B, Yang Z, Chen M. Time-dependent wave packet dynamics study of the resonances in the H + LiH +( v = 0, j = 0) → Li + + H 2 reaction at low collision energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15532-15539. [PMID: 35713276 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The depletion process of LiH+ by H collision plays an important role in the evolution of the early universe and astrophysical processes, including the eventual charge-states, abundances of atomic and molecular species and ensuing astrochemistry. Here, a quantum dynamics study on the H + LiH+(v = 0, j = 0) → Li+ + H2 reaction is performed at the low collision energy range from 0.1 meV to 10 meV using the time-dependent wave packet method. A Feshbach resonance peak is observed near 0.8 meV collision energy on the total reaction probability curves. This resonance originates from the coupling with the v = 0, j = 1 energy level of the reactant LiH+, and it is dominated by the contributions of J = 0-4 partial waves. Another partial wave resonance is also found on the total integral cross section at 1.2 meV, which is closely connected to the opening of the J = 7 partial wave. The opening of the J = 7 partial wave generates a notable forward scattering peak, and the Feshbach resonance can promote both the forward and backward scatterings. Moreover, the total and product vibrational state-resolved rate coefficients for the temperature range of 1-100 K are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Bayaer Buren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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7
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Yang D, Liu L, Xie D, Guo H. Full-dimensional quantum studies of vibrational energy transfer dynamics between H 2O and Ar: theory assessing experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13542-13549. [PMID: 35634902 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01230h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first full-dimensional quantum mechanical calculations of the ro-vibrational inelastic scattering dynamics between water molecules and argon atoms on an accurate potential energy surface, using a recently developed time-independent quantum method based on the close-coupling approach. The state-to-state integral cross-sections and rate coefficients show strong observance of gap laws. The calculated thermal rate coefficients for the relaxation of the stretching fundamental states of H2O are in good agreement with experimental values, while those for the bending overtone state are approximately five times smaller than the values extracted through a previous kinetic modeling of fluorescence decay data. Our state-specific quantum scattering results suggest the need to reassess the kinetic modeling of the experimental data. This work advanced our understanding of the quantum dynamics of vibrationally inelastic energy transfer processes involving polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
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8
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Buren B, Chen M. Wave Packet Approach to Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Dynamics of Cold Inelastic Scatterings. Molecules 2022; 27:2912. [PMID: 35566262 PMCID: PMC9101670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extremely large de Broglie wavelength of cold molecules, cold inelastic scattering is always characterized by the time-independent close-coupling (TICC) method. However, the TICC method is difficult to apply to collisions of large molecular systems. Here, we present a new strategy for characterizing cold inelastic scattering using wave packet (WP) method. In order to deal with the long de Broglie wavelength of cold molecules, the total wave function is divided into interaction, asymptotic and long-range regions (IALR). The three regions use different numbers of ro-vibrational basis functions, especially the long-range region, which uses only one function corresponding to the initial ro-vibrational state. Thus, a very large grid range can be used to characterize long de Broglie wavelengths in scattering coordinates. Due to its better numerical scaling law, the IALR-WP method has great potential in studying the inelastic scatterings of larger collision systems at cold and ultracold regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
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9
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Zhou H, Perreault WE, Mukherjee N, Zare RN. Anisotropic dynamics of resonant scattering between a pair of cold aligned diatoms. Nat Chem 2022; 14:658-663. [PMID: 35501483 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The collision dynamics between a pair of aligned molecules in the presence of a partial-wave resonance provide the most sensitive probe of the long-range anisotropic forces important to chemical reactions. Here we control the collision temperature and geometry to probe the dynamics of cold (1-3 K) rotationally inelastic scattering of a pair of optically state-prepared D2 molecules. The collision temperature is manipulated by combining the gating action of laser state preparation and detection with the velocity dispersion of the molecular beam. When the bond axes of both molecules are aligned parallel to the collision velocity, the scattering rate drops by a factor of 3.5 as collision energies >2.1 K are removed, suggesting a geometry-dependent resonance. Partial-wave analysis of the measured angular distribution supports a shape resonance within the centrifugal barrier of the l = 2 incoming orbital. Our experiment illustrates the strong anisotropy of the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction that controls the dynamics of resonant scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Zuo J, Croft JFE, Yao Q, Balakrishnan N, Guo H. Full-Dimensional Potential Energy Surface for Ro-vibrationally Inelastic Scattering between H 2 Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6747-6756. [PMID: 34677959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the inelastic scattering between ro-vibrationally excited H2 molecules. The new PES is based on 39,462 multi-reference configuration interaction points in dynamically relevant regions. The analytic form of the PES consists of a short-range term fit with the permutational invariant polynomial-neural network method and a long-range term with a physically correct asymptotic functional form accounting for both electrostatic and dispersion terms, which are connected smoothly with a switching function. The PES compares favorably with existing accurate PESs near the H2 equilibrium geometries but covers a much larger configuration space for H2 with up to 10 vibrational quanta. Full-dimensional quantum scattering calculations on the new PES reproduce the recent Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage results for the HD(v = 1) + H2 scattering near 1 K, validating its accuracy. These calculations also revealed significant differences with existing PESs in describing scattering of vibrationally excited molecules, underscoring the ability of the new PES in handling such dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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11
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Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Balakrishnan N, Aoiz FJ. Stereodynamic control of cold rotationally inelastic CO + HD collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19364-19374. [PMID: 34524308 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02755g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantum control of molecular collision dynamics is an exciting emerging area of cold collisions. Co-expansion of collision partners in a supersonic molecular beam combined with precise control of their quantum states and alignment/orientation using Stark-induced Adiabatic Raman Passage allows exquisite stereodynamic control of the collision outcome. This approach has recently been demonstrated for rotational quenching of HD in collisions with H2, D2, and He and D2 by He. Here we illustrate this approach for HD(v = 0, j = 2) + CO(v = 0, j = 0) → HD(v' = 0, j') + CO(v' = 0, j') collisions through full-dimensional quantum scattering calculations at collision energies near 1 K. It is shown that the collision dynamics at energies between 0.01-1 K are controlled by an interplay of L = 1 and L = 2 partial wave resonances depending on the final rotational levels of the two molecules. Polarized cross sections resolved into magnetic sub-levels of the initial and final rotational quantum numbers of the two molecules also reveal a significant stereodynamic effect in the cold energy regime. Overall, the stereodynamic effect is controlled by both geometric and dynamical factors, with parity conservation playing an important role in modulating these contributions depending on the particular final state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain.
| | - James F E Croft
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. .,Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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12
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Yang D, Xie D, Guo H. A Time-Independent Quantum Approach to Ro-vibrationally Inelastic Scattering between Atoms and Triatomic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6864-6871. [PMID: 34342998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A full-dimensional time-independent quantum mechanical theory for ro-vibrationally inelastic scattering of triatomic molecules with atoms is formulated. The Jacobi-Radau coordinate system used in the calculation allows not only a near perfect description of the vibrational problem but also the adaptation of the exchange symmetry for A2B type triatoms. The S-matrix elements are obtained by solving the close-coupling equations with contracted basis using the log-derivative method. This method is applied to the inelastic scattering of the water molecule by a chlorine atom, which sheds light on the energy gap law in energy transfer in atom-triatom collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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13
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Garcia J, Podeszwa R, Szalewicz K. SAPT codes for calculations of intermolecular interaction energies. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184109. [PMID: 32414261 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) is a method for calculations of intermolecular (noncovalent) interaction energies. The set of SAPT codes that is described here, the current version named SAPT2020, includes virtually all variants of SAPT developed so far, among them two-body SAPT based on perturbative, coupled cluster, and density functional theory descriptions of monomers, three-body SAPT, and two-body SAPT for some classes of open-shell monomers. The properties of systems governed by noncovalent interactions can be predicted only if potential energy surfaces (force fields) are available. SAPT is the preferred approach for generating such surfaces since it is seamlessly connected to the asymptotic expansion of interaction energy. SAPT2020 includes codes for automatic development of such surfaces, enabling generation of complete dimer surfaces with a rigid monomer approximation for dimers containing about one hundred atoms. These codes can also be used to obtain surfaces including internal degrees of freedom of monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Rafał Podeszwa
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia at Katowice, Szkolna 9, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szalewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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14
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Pawlak M, Żuchowski PS, Moiseyev N, Jankowski P. Evidence of Nonrigidity Effects in the Description of Low-Energy Anisotropic Molecular Collisions of Hydrogen Molecules with Excited Metastable Helium Atoms. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2450-2459. [PMID: 32150402 PMCID: PMC7497643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cold collisions serve
as a sensitive probe of the interaction potential.
In the recent study of Klein et al. (Nature Phys.2017, 13, 35–38), the one-parameter
scaling of the interaction potential was necessary to obtain agreement
between theoretical and observed patterns of the orbiting resonances
for excited metastable helium atoms colliding with hydrogen molecules.
Here, we show that the effect of nonrigidity of the H2 molecule
on the resonant structure, absent in the previous study, is critical
to predict the correct positions of the resonances in that case. We
have complemented the theoretical description of the interaction potential
and revised reaction rate coefficients by proper inclusion of the
flexibility of the molecule. The calculated reaction rate coefficients
are in remarkable agreement with the experimental data without empirical
adjustment of the interaction potential. We have shown that even state-of-the-art
calculations of the interaction energy cannot ensure agreement with
the experiment if such an important physical effect as flexibility
of the interacting molecule is neglected. Our findings about the significance
of the nonrigidity effects can be especially crucial in cold chemistry,
where the quantum nature of molecules is pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Pawlak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr S Żuchowski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Nimrod Moiseyev
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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15
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Metz MP, Szalewicz K. Automatic Generation of Flexible-Monomer Intermolecular Potential Energy Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2317-2339. [PMID: 32240593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A method is developed for automatic generation of nonreactive intermolecular two-body potential energy surfaces (PESs) including intramonomer degrees of freedom. This method, called flex-autoPES, is an extension of the autoPES method developed earlier, which assumes rigid monomers. In both cases, the whole PES development proceeds without any human intervention. The functional form used is a sum of products of site-site functions (both atomic and off-atomic sites can be used). The leading terms with sites involving different monomers are of physically motivated form. The long-range part of a PES is computed from monomer properties without using any dimer information. The close-range part is fitted to dimer interaction energies computed using electronic structure methods. Virtually any method can be used in such calculations, but the use of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory provides a seamless connection to the long-range part of the PES. The performance of the flex-autoPES code was tested by developing a full-dimensional PES for the water dimer and PESs including only some soft intramonomer degrees of freedom for the ethylene glycol dimer and for the ethylene glycol-water dimer. In the case of the water dimer, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the PES from the data points with negative total energies is 0.03 kcal/mol, and we expect this PES to be more accurate than any previously published PES of this type. For the ethylene glycol dimer and the ethylene glycol-water dimers, the analogous RMSEs are 0.25 and 0.1 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Metz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Krzysztof Szalewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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16
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Yang B, Zhang P, Qu C, Stancil P, Bowman J, Balakrishnan N, Forrey R. Full-dimensional quantum dynamics of SO(X3Σ-) in collision with H2. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Yang D, Huang J, Hu X, Guo H, Xie D. Breakdown of energy transfer gap laws revealed by full-dimensional quantum scattering between HF molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4658. [PMID: 31604950 PMCID: PMC6789015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inelastic collisions involving molecular species are key to energy transfer in gaseous environments. They are commonly governed by an energy gap law, which dictates that transitions are dominated by those between initial and final states with roughly the same ro-vibrational energy. Transitions involving rotational inelasticity are often further constrained by the rotational angular momentum. Here, we demonstrate using full-dimensional quantum scattering on an ab initio based global potential energy surface (PES) that HF-HF inelastic collisions do not obey the energy and angular momentum gap laws. Detailed analyses attribute the failure of gap laws to the exceedingly strong intermolecular interaction. On the other hand, vibrational state-resolved rate coefficients are in good agreement with existing experimental results, validating the accuracy of the PES. These new and surprising results are expected to extend our understanding of energy transfer and provide a quantitative basis for numerical simulations of hydrogen fluoride chemical lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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18
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Kodrycka M, Patkowski K. Platinum, gold, and silver standards of intermolecular interaction energy calculations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:070901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kodrycka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Konrad Patkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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19
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Yao Q, Morita M, Xie C, Balakrishnan N, Guo H. Globally Accurate Full-Dimensional Potential Energy Surface for H 2 + HCl Inelastic Scattering. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6578-6586. [PMID: 31268323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A globally accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the inelastic scattering between H2 and HCl is developed on the basis of a large number of points calculated at the coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level of theory. The machine-learned PES is trained with 42 417 ab initio points using the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network method, resulting in a root-mean-square fitting error of 5.6 cm-1. Both full- and reduced-dimensional quantum calculations for rotationally inelastic scattering are performed on this new PES and good agreement is obtained with previous quantum dynamical results on a reduced-dimensional model. Furthermore, strong resonances are identified at collision energies below 100 K, including cold conditions. This new PES provides a reliable platform for future studies of scattering dynamics with vibrationally excited collision partners in a wide range of collision energies extending to cold and ultracold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Masato Morita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Nevada , Las Vegas , Nevada 89154 , United States
| | - Changjian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Nevada , Las Vegas , Nevada 89154 , United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131 , United States
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20
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Croft JFE, Balakrishnan N. Controlling rotational quenching rates in cold molecular collisions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:164302. [PMID: 31042924 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative orientation and alignment of colliding molecules plays a key role in determining the rates of chemical processes. Here, we examine in detail a prototypical example: rotational quenching of HD in cold collisions with H2. We show that the rotational quenching rate from j = 2 → 0, in the v = 1 vibrational level, can be maximized by aligning the HD along the collision axis and can be minimized by aligning the HD at the so called magic angle. This follows from quite general helicity considerations and suggests that quenching rates for other similar systems can also be controlled in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F E Croft
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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21
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Yang B, Zhang P, Qu C, Stancil PC, Bowman JM, Balakrishnan N, Forrey RC. Inelastic vibrational dynamics of CS in collision with H 2 using a full-dimensional potential energy surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28425-28434. [PMID: 30406236 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a six-dimensional (6D) potential energy surface (PES) for the CS-H2 system computed using high-level electronic structure theory and fitted using a hybrid invariant polynomial method. Full-dimensional quantum close-coupling scattering calculations have been carried out using this potential for rotational and, for the first time, vibrational quenching transitions of CS induced by H2. State-to-state cross sections and rate coefficients for rotational transitions in CS from rotational levels j1 = 0-5 in the ground vibrational state are compared with previous theoretical results obtained using a rigid-rotor approximation. For vibrational quenching, state-to-state and total cross sections and rate coefficients were calculated for the vibrational transitions in CS(v1 = 1,j1) + H2(v2 = 0,j2) → CS(v1' = 0,j1') + H2(v2' = 0,j2') collisions, for j1 = 0-5. Cross sections for collision energies in the range 1 to 3000 cm-1 and rate coefficients in the temperature range of 5 to 600 K are obtained for both para-H2 (j2 = 0) and ortho-H2 (j2 = 1) collision partners. Application of the computed results in astrophysics is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Simulational Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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22
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Croft JFE, Balakrishnan N, Huang M, Guo H. Unraveling the Stereodynamics of Cold Controlled HD-H_{2} Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:113401. [PMID: 30265091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measuring inelastic rates with partial-wave resolution requires temperatures close to a Kelvin or below, even for the lightest molecule. In a recent experiment, Perreault, Mukherjee, and Zare [Nat. Chem. 10, 561 (2018).NCAHBB1755-433010.1038/s41557-018-0028-5] studied collisional relaxation of excited HD molecules in the v=1, j=2 state by para- and ortho-H_{2} at a temperature of about 1 K, extracting the angular distribution of scattered HD in the v=1, j=0 state. By state preparation of the HD molecules, control of the angular distribution of scattered HD was demonstrated. Here, we report a first-principles simulation of that experiment which enables us to attribute the main features of the observed angular distribution to a single L=2 partial-wave shape resonance. Our results demonstrate important stereodynamical insights that can be gained when numerically exact quantum scattering calculations are combined with experimental results in the few-partial-wave regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F E Croft
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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23
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Leitner DM. Molecules and the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20090673. [PMID: 33265762 PMCID: PMC7513195 DOI: 10.3390/e20090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We review a theory that predicts the onset of thermalization in a quantum mechanical coupled non-linear oscillator system, which models the vibrational degrees of freedom of a molecule. A system of N non-linear oscillators perturbed by cubic anharmonic interactions exhibits a many-body localization (MBL) transition in the vibrational state space (VSS) of the molecule. This transition can occur at rather high energy in a sizable molecule because the density of states coupled by cubic anharmonic terms scales as N3, in marked contrast to the total density of states, which scales as exp(aN), where a is a constant. The emergence of a MBL transition in the VSS is seen by analysis of a random matrix ensemble that captures the locality of coupling in the VSS, referred to as local random matrix theory (LRMT). Upon introducing higher order anharmonicity, the location of the MBL transition of even a sizable molecule, such as an organic molecule with tens of atoms, still lies at an energy that may exceed the energy to surmount a barrier to reaction, such as a barrier to conformational change. Illustrative calculations are provided, and some recent work on the influence of thermalization on thermal conduction in molecular junctions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Leitner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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24
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Loreau J, Faure A, Lique F. Scattering of CO with H2O: Statistical and classical alternatives to close-coupling calculations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5036819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 160/09, 50 Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- LOMC—UMR 6294, Normandie Université, Université du Havre and CNRS, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - A. Faure
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F. Lique
- LOMC—UMR 6294, Normandie Université, Université du Havre and CNRS, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, BP 1123, 76063 Le Havre Cedex, France
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25
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Yang D, Hu X, Zhang DH, Xie D. An improved coupled-states approximation including the nearest neighbor Coriolis couplings for diatom-diatom inelastic collision. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:084101. [PMID: 29495786 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solving the time-independent close coupling equations of a diatom-diatom inelastic collision system by using the rigorous close-coupling approach is numerically difficult because of its expensive matrix manipulation. The coupled-states approximation decouples the centrifugal matrix by neglecting the important Coriolis couplings completely. In this work, a new approximation method based on the coupled-states approximation is presented and applied to time-independent quantum dynamic calculations. This approach only considers the most important Coriolis coupling with the nearest neighbors and ignores weaker Coriolis couplings with farther K channels. As a result, it reduces the computational costs without a significant loss of accuracy. Numerical tests for para-H2+ortho-H2 and para-H2+HD inelastic collision were carried out and the results showed that the improved method dramatically reduces the errors due to the neglect of the Coriolis couplings in the coupled-states approximation. This strategy should be useful in quantum dynamics of other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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26
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Yang B, Zhang P, Qu C, Wang XH, Stancil PC, Bowman JM, Balakrishnan N, McLaughlin BM, Forrey RC. Full-Dimensional Quantum Dynamics of SiO in Collision with H2. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1511-1520. [PMID: 29365271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Yang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Simulational Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - P. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chen Qu
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - X. H. Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - P. C. Stancil
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Simulational Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - J. M. Bowman
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - B. M. McLaughlin
- Centre
for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (CTAMOP), School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, The
David Bates Building, 7 College Park, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Forrey
- Department
of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610, United States
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27
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Semenov A, Babikov D. MQCT. I. Inelastic Scattering of Two Asymmetric-Top Rotors with Application to H 2O + H 2O. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4855-4867. [PMID: 28581295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mixed quantum/classical theory (MQCT) for the inelastic collision of two asymmetric-top rotor molecules is developed. In this method, the quantum state-to-state transitions between the rotational states of molecules (internal) are treated quantum mechanically using the time-dependent Schrodinger equation, whereas their relative translational motion (responsible for scattering) is treated classically, using the average trajectory approach. Two versions of the formula for transition matrix elements are presented: a straightforward approach that uses numerical multidimensional quadrature over all the internal degrees of freedom and a more standard analytic approach that uses the expansion of the PES over the basis set of spherical harmonics. Adaptation to the case of identical molecules scattering is presented and is applied to the rotational excitation of two water molecules, H2O + H2O, using the PES from recent literature. Calculations of collisional excitation from the ground state of the system into a number of low-lying excited rotational states are carried out in a broad range of energies. Analysis of computed opacity functions shows a rather unusual scattering regime, dominated by a strong anisotropic long-range interaction (dipole-dipole). The coupled-states (CS) approximation is tested and found to agree semiquantitatively (within a factor of 2) with the fully coupled version of the method. Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering indicate a very narrow forward scattering peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Semenov
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Dmitri Babikov
- Chemistry Department, Wehr Chemistry Building, Marquette University , Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PR China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PR China
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29
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Garberoglio G, Jankowski P, Szalewicz K, Harvey AH. All-dimensional H 2-CO potential: Validation with fully quantum second virial coefficients. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:054304. [PMID: 28178790 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a new high-accuracy all-dimensional potential to compute the cross second virial coefficient B12(T) between molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The path-integral method is used to fully account for quantum effects. Values are calculated from 10 K to 2000 K and the uncertainty of the potential is propagated into uncertainties of B12. Our calculated B12(T) are in excellent agreement with most of the limited experimental data available, but cover a much wider range of temperatures and have lower uncertainties. Similar to recently reported findings from scattering calculations, we find that the reduced-dimensionality potential obtained by averaging over the rovibrational motion of the monomers gives results that are a good approximation to those obtained when flexibility is fully taken into account. Also, the four-dimensional approximation with monomers taken at their vibrationally averaged bond lengths works well. This finding is important, since full-dimensional potentials are difficult to develop even for triatomic monomers and are not currently possible to obtain for larger molecules. Likewise, most types of accurate quantum mechanical calculations, e.g., spectral or scattering, are severely limited in the number of dimensions that can be handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-FBK), via Sommarive 18, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Piotr Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szalewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Allan H Harvey
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, USA
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30
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Hochlaf M. Advances in spectroscopy and dynamics of small and medium sized molecules and clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:21236-21261. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01980g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of the spectroscopy and dynamics of small- and medium-sized molecules and clusters represent a hot topic in atmospheric chemistry, biology, physics, atto- and femto-chemistry and astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Hochlaf
- Université Paris-Est
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle
- MSME UMR 8208 CNRS
- 77454 Marne-la-Vallée
- France
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31
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Stoecklin T, Faure A, Jankowski P, Chefdeville S, Bergeat A, Naulin C, Morales SB, Costes M. Comparative experimental and theoretical study of the rotational excitation of CO by collision with ortho- and para-D 2 molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 19:189-195. [PMID: 27901146 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06404c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A joint crossed beam and quantum mechanical investigation of the rotationally inelastic collisions of CO with ortho- and para-D2 molecules is reported. A new 4D potential energy surface (PES) averaged over the ground vibrational states of D2 and CO is used to calculate the rovibrational bound states of the ortho-D2-CO complexes. Close coupling calculations are then performed in the rigid rotor approximation for ortho- and para-D2 colliding with CO for the experimentally investigated transition of CO (j = 0 → 1) and for collision energies ranging from 0.1 to 25 cm-1. The agreement between theory and experiment is found to be very good for both the bound state energies of the ortho-D2-CO complexes and for the inelastic scattering cross-sections showing that the free rotation of two rigid rotors is a very good model of the D2-CO system in this low collision energy domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stoecklin
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. and CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A Faure
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P Jankowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - S Chefdeville
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. and CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - A Bergeat
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. and CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - C Naulin
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. and CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - S B Morales
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. and CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Costes
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France. and CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400 Talence, France
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32
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Yang B, Wang XH, Stancil PC, Bowman JM, Balakrishnan N, Forrey RC. Full-dimensional quantum dynamics of rovibrationally inelastic scattering between CN and H2. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:224307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4971322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - X. H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - P. C. Stancil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - J. M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - R. C. Forrey
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610, USA
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33
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Metz MP, Piszczatowski K, Szalewicz K. Automatic Generation of Intermolecular Potential Energy Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5895-5919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Metz
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Konrad Piszczatowski
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Krzysztof Szalewicz
- Department of Physics and
Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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34
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Balakrishnan N. Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:150901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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35
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Kaur R, Dhilip Kumar T. Ultracold rotational deexcitation of CO (1Σ+) collision with proton. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Yang B, Balakrishnan N, Zhang P, Wang X, Bowman JM, Forrey RC, Stancil PC. Full-dimensional quantum dynamics of CO in collision with H2. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:034308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4958951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - P. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - J. M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - R. C. Forrey
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, Berks Campus, Reading, Pennsylvania 19610, USA
| | - P. C. Stancil
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Zhao J, Zhao S, Xu Z, Qiao B, Huang D, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang P. Revealing the Effect of Additives with Different Solubility on the Morphology and the Donor Crystalline Structures of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18231-18237. [PMID: 27328855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of two kinds of additives, such as 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), diphenylether (DPE), and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN), on the performance of poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3‴-di(2-octyldodecyl)2,2';5',2″;5″,2‴-quaterthiophen-5,5‴-diyl)] (PffBT4T-2OD):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) based polymer solar cell are investigated. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) of PffBT4T-2OD:PC71BM by using CN show a more improved PCE of 10.23%. The solubility difference of PffBT4T-2OD in DIO and CN creates the fine transformation in phase separation and favorable nanoscale morphology. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) data clearly shows molecular stacking and orientation of the active layer. Interestingly, DIO and CN have different functions on the effect of the molecular orientation. These interesting studies provide important guidance to optimize and control complicated molecular orientations and nanoscale morphology of PffBT4T-2OD based thick films for the application in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Youqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Beijing Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education , Beijing 100044, China
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044, China
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On the importance of full-dimensionality in low-energy molecular scattering calculations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28449. [PMID: 27333870 PMCID: PMC4917847 DOI: 10.1038/srep28449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scattering of H2 on CO is of great importance in astrophysics and also is a benchmark system for comparing theory to experiment. We present here a new 6-dimensional potential energy surface for the ground electronic state of H2-CO with an estimated uncertainty of about 0.6 cm−1 in the global minimum region, several times smaller than achieved earlier. This potential has been used in nearly exact 6-dimensional quantum scattering calculations to compute state-to-state cross-sections measured in low-energy crossed-beam experiments. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment has been achieved in all cases. We also show that the fully 6-dimensional approach is not needed with the current accuracy of experimental data since an equally good agreement with experiment was obtained using only a 4-dimensional treatment, which validates the rigid-rotor approach widely used in scattering calculations. This finding, which disagrees with some literature statements, is important since for larger systems full-dimensional scattering calculations are currently not possible.
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Costes M, Naulin C. Observation of quantum dynamical resonances in near cold inelastic collisions of astrophysical molecules. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2462-2469. [PMID: 28660016 PMCID: PMC5477044 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04557f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum resonances in inelastic collisions, predicted by theory and detected at low energies in a crossed-beam experiment, are reviewed.
This mini review summarizes experimental findings of quantum dynamical resonances in inelastic collisions at energies equivalent to temperatures of a few to a few tens of Kelvin, corresponding to physical conditions prevailing in dense molecular clouds of the interstellar medium. Information obtained is thus relevant to collision energy transfer modelling in such media. Crossed-beam scattering experiments performed at Bordeaux university for inelastic collisions of important astrophysical molecules such as CO with H2 or He and O2 with H2 are described. The peaks that show up in the collision energy dependence of the state-to-state integral cross sections for the lowest rotational excitation transitions reveal the quantum nature of such processes. They are ascribed as shape and Feshbach resonances by comparison with the results of close coupling quantum mechanical calculations performed concomitantly on accurate potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Costes
- Université de Bordeaux , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , 33405 Talence Cedex , France . .,CNRS , UMR 5255 , 33405 Talence Cedex , France
| | - Christian Naulin
- Université de Bordeaux , Institut des Sciences Moléculaires , 33405 Talence Cedex , France . .,CNRS , UMR 5255 , 33405 Talence Cedex , France
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Babikov D, Semenov A. Recent Advances in Development and Applications of the Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory for Inelastic Scattering. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:319-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Babikov
- Chemistry
Department, Wehr
Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Alexander Semenov
- Chemistry
Department, Wehr
Chemistry Building, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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