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Cui X, Guo J, Yuan P, Dai Y, Du P, Yu F, Sun Z, Zhang J, Cheng K, Tang J. Bioderived Nanoparticles for Cardiac Repair. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24622-24649. [PMID: 39185722 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Biobased therapy represents a promising strategy for myocardial repair. However, the limitations of using live cells, including the risk of immunogenicity of allogeneic cells and inconsistent therapeutic efficacy of autologous cells together with low stability, result in an unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Therefore, cell-free strategies for cardiac tissue repair have been proposed as alternative strategies. Cell-free strategies, primarily based on the paracrine effects of cellular therapy, have demonstrated their potential to inhibit apoptosis, reduce inflammation, and promote on-site cell migration and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis, after an infarction and have been explored preclinically and clinically. Among various cell-free modalities, bioderived nanoparticles, including adeno-associated virus (AAV), extracellular vesicles, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, and exosome-mimetic nanovesicles, have emerged as promising strategies due to their improved biological function and therapeutic effect. The main focus of this review is the development of existing cellular nanoparticles and their fundamental working mechanisms, as well as the challenges and opportunities. The key processes and requirements for cardiac tissue repair are summarized first. Various cellular nanoparticle modalities are further highlighted, together with their advantages and limitations. Finally, we discuss various delivery approaches that offer potential pathways for researchers and clinicians to translate cell-free strategies for cardiac tissue repair into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cui
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Peiyu Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yichen Dai
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Pengchong Du
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Fengyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhaowei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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2
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Albericio G, Higuera M, Araque P, Sánchez C, Herrero D, García-Brenes MA, Formentini L, Torán JL, Mora C, Bernad A. Development of a Bmi1+ Cardiac Mouse Progenitor Immortalized Model to Unravel the Relationship with Its Protective Vascular Endothelial Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8815. [PMID: 39201501 PMCID: PMC11354400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has been demonstrated to be endowed with low but real turnover capacity, especially for cardiomyocytes, the key functional cell type. The source, however, of that turnover capacity remains controversial. In this regard, we have defined and characterized a resident multipotent cardiac mouse progenitor population, Bmi1+DR (for Bmi1+ Damage-Responsive cells). Bmi1+DR is one of the cell types with the lowest ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) levels in the adult heart, being particularly characterized by their close relationship with cardiac vessels, most probably involved in the regulation of proliferation/maintenance of Bmi1+DR. This was proposed to work as their endothelial niche. Due to the scarcity of Bmi1+DR cells in the adult mouse heart, we have generated an immortalization/dis-immortalization model using Simian Vacuolating Virus 40-Large Antigen T (SV40-T) to facilitate their in vitro characterization. We have obtained a heterogeneous population of immortalized Bmi1+DR cells (Bmi1+DRIMM) that was validated attending to different criteria, also showing a comparable sensitivity to strong oxidative damage. Then, we concluded that the Bmi1-DRIMM population is an appropriate model for primary Bmi1+DR in vitro studies. The co-culture of Bmi1+DRIMM cells with endothelial cells protects them against oxidative damage, showing a moderate depletion in non-canonical autophagy and also contributing with a modest metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Albericio
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
- Molecular Biology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Higuera
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Paula Araque
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez
- Molecular Biology Department, Molecular Biology Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Herrero
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Miguel A. García-Brenes
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Laura Formentini
- Molecular Biology Department, Molecular Biology Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Torán
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Carmen Mora
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Cardiac Stem Cells Lab, Immunology and Oncology Department, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (G.A.); (M.H.); (P.A.); (J.L.T.)
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3
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Patrick R, Janbandhu V, Tallapragada V, Tan SSM, McKinna EE, Contreras O, Ghazanfar S, Humphreys DT, Murray NJ, Tran YTH, Hume RD, Chong JJH, Harvey RP. Integration mapping of cardiac fibroblast single-cell transcriptomes elucidates cellular principles of fibrosis in diverse pathologies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8501. [PMID: 38905342 PMCID: PMC11192082 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell technology has allowed researchers to probe tissue complexity and dynamics at unprecedented depth in health and disease. However, the generation of high-dimensionality single-cell atlases and virtual three-dimensional tissues requires integrated reference maps that harmonize disparate experimental designs, analytical pipelines, and taxonomies. Here, we present a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome integration map of cardiac fibrosis, which underpins pathophysiology in most cardiovascular diseases. Our findings reveal similarity between cardiac fibroblast (CF) identities and dynamics in ischemic versus pressure overload models of cardiomyopathy. We also describe timelines for commitment of activated CFs to proliferation and myofibrogenesis, profibrotic and antifibrotic polarization of myofibroblasts and matrifibrocytes, and CF conservation across mouse and human healthy and diseased hearts. These insights have the potential to inform knowledge-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Shannon S. M. Tan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Emily E. McKinna
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David T. Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Murray
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yen T. H. Tran
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Robert D. Hume
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Centre for Heart Failure and Diseases of the Aorta, The Baird Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - James J. H. Chong
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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4
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Bernabéu-Herrero ME, Patel D, Bielowka A, Zhu J, Jain K, Mackay IS, Chaves Guerrero P, Emanuelli G, Jovine L, Noseda M, Marciniak SJ, Aldred MA, Shovlin CL. Mutations causing premature termination codons discriminate and generate cellular and clinical variability in HHT. Blood 2024; 143:2314-2331. [PMID: 38457357 PMCID: PMC11181359 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT For monogenic diseases caused by pathogenic loss-of-function DNA variants, attention focuses on dysregulated gene-specific pathways, usually considering molecular subtypes together within causal genes. To better understand phenotypic variability in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), we subcategorized pathogenic DNA variants in ENG/endoglin, ACVRL1/ALK1, and SMAD4 if they generated premature termination codons (PTCs) subject to nonsense-mediated decay. In 3 patient cohorts, a PTC-based classification system explained some previously puzzling hemorrhage variability. In blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) derived from patients with ACVRL1+/PTC, ENG+/PTC, and SMAD4+/PTC genotypes, PTC-containing RNA transcripts persisted at low levels (8%-23% expected, varying between replicate cultures); genes differentially expressed to Bonferroni P < .05 in HHT+/PTC BOECs clustered significantly only to generic protein terms (isopeptide-bond/ubiquitin-like conjugation) and pulse-chase experiments detected subtle protein maturation differences but no evidence for PTC-truncated protein. BOECs displaying highest PTC persistence were discriminated in unsupervised hierarchical clustering of near-invariant housekeeper genes, with patterns compatible with higher cellular stress in BOECs with >11% PTC persistence. To test directionality, we used a HeLa reporter system to detect induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which controls expression of stress-adaptive genes, and showed that ENG Q436X but not ENG R93X directly induced ATF4. AlphaFold accurately modeled relevant ENG domains, with AlphaMissense suggesting that readthrough substitutions would be benign for ENG R93X and other less rare ENG nonsense variants but more damaging for Q436X. We conclude that PTCs should be distinguished from other loss-of-function variants, PTC transcript levels increase in stressed cells, and readthrough proteins and mechanisms provide promising research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Bernabéu-Herrero
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dilipkumar Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrianna Bielowka
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - JiaYi Zhu
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kinshuk Jain
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S. Mackay
- Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Charing Cross and Royal Brompton Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giulia Emanuelli
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Jovine
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan J. Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Micheala A. Aldred
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Claire L. Shovlin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- Specialist Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Tan FH, Bronner ME. Regenerative loss in the animal kingdom as viewed from the mouse digit tip and heart. Dev Biol 2024; 507:44-63. [PMID: 38145727 PMCID: PMC10922877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The myriad regenerative abilities across the animal kingdom have fascinated us for centuries. Recent advances in developmental, molecular, and cellular biology have allowed us to unearth a surprising diversity of mechanisms through which these processes occur. Developing an all-encompassing theory of animal regeneration has thus proved a complex endeavor. In this chapter, we frame the evolution and loss of animal regeneration within the broad developmental constraints that may physiologically inhibit regenerative ability across animal phylogeny. We then examine the mouse as a model of regeneration loss, specifically the experimental systems of the digit tip and heart. We discuss the digit tip and heart as a positionally-limited system of regeneration and a temporally-limited system of regeneration, respectively. We delve into the physiological processes involved in both forms of regeneration, and how each phase of the healing and regenerative process may be affected by various molecular signals, systemic changes, or microenvironmental cues. Lastly, we also discuss the various approaches and interventions used to induce or improve the regenerative response in both contexts, and the implications they have for our understanding regenerative ability more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth Hui Tan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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6
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Deszcz I. Stem Cell-Based Therapy and Cell-Free Therapy as an Alternative Approach for Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2729377. [PMID: 37954462 PMCID: PMC10635745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent 32% of all global deaths. The ineffectiveness of conventional therapies in CVDs encourages the development of novel, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies for the healing and regeneration of damaged tissue. The self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, lack of immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising option for CVDs. However, growing evidence suggests that myocardial regeneration occurs through paracrine factors and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, rather than through differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Research shows that stem cells secrete or surface-shed into their culture media various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and EVs, which constitute an MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome. The use of MSC-CM enhances cardiac repair through resident heart cell differentiation, proliferation, scar mass reduction, a decrease in infarct wall thickness, and cardiac function improvement comparable to MSCs without their side effects. This review highlights the limitations and benefits of therapies based on stem cells and their secretome as an innovative treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Deszcz
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Zhuo D, Lei I, Li W, Liu L, Li L, Ni J, Liu Z, Fan G. The origin, progress, and application of cell-based cardiac regeneration therapy. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1732-1755. [PMID: 37334836 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a severe threat to human health, with morbidity and mortality increasing yearly and gradually becoming younger. When the disease progresses to the middle and late stages, the loss of a large number of cardiomyocytes is irreparable to the body itself, and clinical drug therapy and mechanical support therapy cannot reverse the development of the disease. To explore the source of regenerated myocardium in model animals with the ability of heart regeneration through lineage tracing and other methods, and develop a new alternative therapy for CVDs, namely cell therapy. It directly compensates for cardiomyocyte proliferation through adult stem cell differentiation or cell reprogramming, which indirectly promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation through non-cardiomyocyte paracrine, to play a role in heart repair and regeneration. This review comprehensively summarizes the origin of newly generated cardiomyocytes, the research progress of cardiac regeneration based on cell therapy, the opportunity and development of cardiac regeneration in the context of bioengineering, and the clinical application of cell therapy in ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhuo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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8
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Plaisance I, Chouvardas P, Sun Y, Nemir M, Aghagolzadeh P, Aminfar F, Shen S, Shim WJ, Rochais F, Johnson R, Palpant N, Pedrazzini T. A transposable element into the human long noncoding RNA CARMEN is a switch for cardiac precursor cell specification. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1361-1376. [PMID: 36537036 PMCID: PMC10262180 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The major cardiac cell types composing the adult heart arise from common multipotent precursor cells. Cardiac lineage decisions are guided by extrinsic and cell-autonomous factors, including recently discovered long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The human lncRNA CARMEN, which is known to dictate specification toward the cardiomyocyte (CM) and the smooth muscle cell (SMC) fates, generates a diversity of alternatively spliced isoforms. METHODS AND RESULTS The CARMEN locus can be manipulated to direct human primary cardiac precursor cells (CPCs) into specific cardiovascular fates. Investigating CARMEN isoform usage in differentiating CPCs represents therefore a unique opportunity to uncover isoform-specific functions in lncRNAs. Here, we identify one CARMEN isoform, CARMEN-201, to be crucial for SMC commitment. CARMEN-201 activity is encoded within an alternatively spliced exon containing a MIRc short interspersed nuclear element. This element binds the transcriptional repressor REST (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor), targets it to cardiogenic loci, including ISL1, IRX1, IRX5, and SFRP1, and thereby blocks the CM gene program. In turn, genes regulating SMC differentiation are induced. CONCLUSIONS These data show how a critical physiological switch is wired by alternative splicing and functional transposable elements in a long noncoding RNA. They further demonstrated the crucial importance of the lncRNA isoform CARMEN-201 in SMC specification during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plaisance
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Parisa Aghagolzadeh
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farhang Aminfar
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Woo Jun Shim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francesca Rochais
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille Medical Genetics, INSERM, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Rory Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Miranda AMA, Janbandhu V, Maatz H, Kanemaru K, Cranley J, Teichmann SA, Hübner N, Schneider MD, Harvey RP, Noseda M. Single-cell transcriptomics for the assessment of cardiac disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:289-308. [PMID: 36539452 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. An advanced understanding of cardiovascular disease mechanisms is required to improve therapeutic strategies and patient risk stratification. State-of-the-art, large-scale, single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics facilitate the exploration of the cardiac cellular landscape at an unprecedented level, beyond its descriptive features, and can further our understanding of the mechanisms of disease and guide functional studies. In this Review, we provide an overview of the technical challenges in the experimental design of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies, as well as a discussion of the type of inferences that can be made from the data derived from these studies. Furthermore, we describe novel findings derived from transcriptomics studies for each major cardiac cell type in both health and disease, and from development to adulthood. This Review also provides a guide to interpreting the exhaustive list of newly identified cardiac cell types and states, and highlights the consensus and discordances in annotation, indicating an urgent need for standardization. We describe advanced applications such as integration of single-cell data with spatial transcriptomics to map genes and cells on tissue and define cellular microenvironments that regulate homeostasis and disease progression. Finally, we discuss current and future translational and clinical implications of novel transcriptomics approaches, and provide an outlook of how these technologies will change the way we diagnose and treat heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henrike Maatz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kazumasa Kanemaru
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - James Cranley
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Deptartment of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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10
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Huang Y, Lu M, Wang Y, Zhang C, Cao Y, Zhang X. Podoplanin: A potential therapeutic target for thrombotic diseases. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1118843. [PMID: 36970507 PMCID: PMC10033871 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1118843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a specific lymphatic marker and a key ligand of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), podoplanin (Pdpn) is involved in various physiological and pathological processes such as growth and development, respiration, blood coagulation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Thrombotic diseases constitute a major cause of disability and mortality in adults, in which thrombosis and inflammation play a crucial role. Recently, increasing evidence demonstrates the distribution and function of this glycoprotein in thrombotic diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, venous thrombosis, ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) of kidney and liver, and myocardial infarction. Evidence showed that after ischemia, Pdpn can be acquired over time by a heterogeneous cell population, which may not express Pdpn in normal conditions. In this review, the research progresses in understanding the roles and mechanisms of podoplanin in thromobotic diseases are summarized. The challenges of podoplanin-targeted approaches for disease prognosis and preventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Manli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Teixeira C, Martins HS, Saraiva MJ. Cellular environment of TTR deposits in an animal model of ATTR—Cardiomyopathy. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1144049. [PMID: 36968272 PMCID: PMC10030511 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac amyloidoses are the most fatal manifestation of systemic amyloidoses. It is believed the number of cases to be greatly underestimated mostly due to misdiagnosis. Particularly, the involvement of TTR V30M in the heart of ATTRV30M amyloidosis has not been completely understood specifically in terms of implicated cellular pathways, heart function and cardiac physiology. In the present work we proposed to characterize TTR V30M cardiac involvement particularly at the tissue cellular level in a mouse model.Methods: HSF ± hTTR V30M mice, a model that expresses human TTRV30M in a Ttr null background, widely used for the characterization and modulation of neurological features of ATTRV30M amyloidosis was used. SDS-PAGE of cardiac homogenates followed by Western blot was performed. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence analyses were carried out to determine TTR deposition pattern and sub-localization.Results: Western blots were able to detect TTR in its monomeric state at ∼14 kDa. Immunofluorescent images showed TTR was found mostly in the intercellular spaces. Blood contamination was excluded by CD31 staining. Tissues were Congo Red negative. Upon TTR and macrophages (CD68) staining in the cardiac tissue a clear tendency of macrophage convergence to the tissue regions where TTR was more abundant was observed. Moreover, in some instances it was possible to detect co-localization of both fluorophores. Cardiac fibroblasts were stained with PDGFr-alpha, and here the co-localization was not so evident although there was some degree of co-occurrence. The hearts of transgenic mice revealed higher content of Galectin-3.Conclusion: This animal model and associated features observed as result of cardiac TTR deposition provide a promising and invaluable research tool for a better understanding of the implicated pathways that lead to the lethality associated to TTR cardiac amyloidosis. New therapeutic strategies can be tested and ultimately this will lead to improved treatment alternatives capable of increasing patient’s quality of life and life expectancy and, hopefully to eradicate a condition that is silently spreading worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teixeira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Sofia Martins
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Saraiva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Maria João Saraiva,
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12
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Ruchaya PJ, Lewis-McDougall FC, Sornkarn N, Amin S, Grimsdell B, Shaalan A, Gritti G, Soe KT, Clark JE, Ellison-Hughes GM. Transplantation of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Sca-1 +/PW1 +/Pax7 - Interstitial Cells (PICs) Improves Cardiac Function and Attenuates Remodeling in Mice Subjected to Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:4050. [PMID: 36552813 PMCID: PMC9776789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that skeletal muscle-derived Sca-1+/PW1+/Pax7- interstitial cells (PICs) are multi-potent and enhance endogenous repair and regeneration. Here, we investigated the regenerative potential of PICs following intramyocardial transplantation in mice subjected to an acute myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced through the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. 5 × 105 eGFP-labelled PICs (MI + PICs; n = 7) or PBS (MI-PBS; n = 7) were injected intramyocardially into the border zone. Sham mice (n = 8) were not subjected to MI, or the transplantation of PICs or PBS. BrdU was administered via osmotic mini-pump for 14 days. Echocardiography was performed prior to surgery (baseline), and 1-, 3- and 6-weeks post-MI and PICs transplantation. Mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks post-MI + PICs transplantation, and heart sections were analysed for fibrosis, hypertrophy, engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation of PICs. A significant (p < 0.05) improvement in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening was observed in the MI-PICs group, compared to MI + PBS group at 6-weeks post MI + PICs transplantation. Infarct size/fibrosis of the left ventricle significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI-PICs group (14.0 ± 2.5%), compared to the MI-PBS group (32.8 ± 2.2%). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the border zone significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI-PICs group compared to the MI-PBS group (330.0 ± 28.5 µM2 vs. 543.5 ± 26.6 µm2), as did cardiomyocyte apoptosis (0.6 ± 0.9% MI-PICs vs. 2.8 ± 0.8% MI-PBS). The number of BrdU+ cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the infarct/border zone of the MI-PICs group (7.0 ± 3.3%), compared to the MI-PBS group (1.7 ± 0.5%). The proliferation index (total BrdU+ cells) was significantly increased in the MI-PICs group compared to the MI-PBS group (27.0 ± 3.4% vs. 7.6 ± 1.0%). PICs expressed and secreted pro-survival and reparative growth factors, supporting a paracrine effect of PICs during recovery/remodeling. Skeletal muscle-derived PICs show significant reparative potential, attenuating cardiac remodelling following transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. PICs can be easily sourced from skeletal muscle and therefore show promise as a potential cell candidate for supporting the reparative and regenerative effects of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant J Ruchaya
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - Fiona C. Lewis-McDougall
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nitiphat Sornkarn
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sachin Amin
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Benjamin Grimsdell
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Abeer Shaalan
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guilia Gritti
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kyi Thar Soe
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - James E. Clark
- Rayne Institute, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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13
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Li S, Co CM, Izuagbe S, Hong Y, Liao J, Borrelli J, Tang L. Biomolecules-releasing click chemistry-based bioadhesives for repairing acetabular labrum tears. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2646-2655. [PMID: 35112388 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective clinical or experimental treatments to fully restore the function of the torn acetabular labrum. To fill the gap, here, we report the finding of progenitor cells in labral tissue, which can be recruited and stimulated to repair torn acetabular labral tissue. This study aimed to develop a biomolecule releasing bioadhesive which can speed up labral tissue healing by eliciting autologous labral progenitor cellular responses. A click chemistry-based bioadhesive, capable of releasing biomolecules, was synthesized to exert ~3× adhesion strength compared with fibrin glue. Via the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), the adhesive was shown to actively recruit and stimulate the proliferation of labral progenitor cells to the tear sites and within the adhesive. Finally, the ability of this biomolecules-releasing adhesive designed to promote labral tissue regeneration was evaluated using discarded human acetabular labrum tissue compared with surgical suture ex vivo. Histological analysis shows that PDGF-releasing bioadhesive yielded significantly more labrum cell responses and extracellular matrix protein (proteoglycan and collagen) production at the tear tissue site than surgical suture controls. The results confirm that the new PDGF-releasing bioadhesive can activate the responses of autologous labral progenitor cells to significantly improve labral tissue regeneration. Clinical significance: These PDGF-releasing bioadhesives may serve as a new and effective tool for repairing and regenerating acetabular labrum tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Department of Research & Development, Progenitec Inc., Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia M Co
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Samira Izuagbe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Borrelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Research & Development, Progenitec Inc., Arlington, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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14
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Pu S, Wang Q, Liu Q, Zhao H, Zhou Z, Wu Q. Nr1d1 Mediated Cell Senescence in Mouse Heart-Derived Sca-1+CD31− Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012455. [PMID: 36293311 PMCID: PMC9603916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sca-1+CD31− cells are resident cardiac progenitor cells, found in many mammalian tissues including the heart, and able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our previous work indicated that heart-derived Sca-1+CD31− cells increased the Nr1d1 mRNA level of Nr1d1 with aging. However, how Nr1d1 affects the senescence of Sca-1+CD31− cells. Methods: Overexpression and knockdown of Nr1d1 in Sca-1+CD31− cells and mouse cardiac myocyte (MCM) cell lines were performed by lentiviral transduction. The effects of Nr1d1 abundance on cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and transcriptomics were evaluated. Moreover, binding of Nr1d1 to the promoter region of Nr4a3 and Serpina3 was examined by a luciferase reporter assay. Results and Conclusions: Upregulation Nr1d1 in young Sca-1+CD31− cells inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. However, depletion of Nr1d1 in aged Sca-1+CD31− cells promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, Nr1d1 was negatively associated with cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase production in MCMs. Our findings show that Nr1d1 stimulates Serpina3 expression through its interaction with Nr4a3. Nr1d1 may therefore act as a potent anti-aging receptor that can be a therapeutic target for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Pu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zuping Zhou
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiong Wu
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Q.W.)
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15
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Nam KH, Ordureau A. Quantitative proteome remodeling characterization of two human reference pluripotent stem cell lines during neurogenesis and cardiomyogenesis. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100246. [PMID: 35871287 PMCID: PMC10389174 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have become popular tools within the research community to study developmental and model diseases. While many induced-PSCs (iPSCs) from various genetic background sources are currently available, scientific advancement has been hampered by the considerable phenotypic variations observed between different iPSC lines. A recent collaborative effort selected a novel iPSC line to address this and encourage the adoption of a standardized iPSC line termed KOLF2.1J. Here, leveraging the multiplexing power of isobaric labeling, we systematically investigate, at the 10k proteome level, the relative protein abundance profiles of the KOLF2.1J reference iPSC line upon two distinct cell state differentiation trajectories. In addition, we side-by-side systematically compare this line with the H9 line, an established embryonically derived PSC line that we previously characterized. We noticed differences in the basal proteome of the two cell lines and highlighted the differentially expressed proteins. While the difference between the cell line's proteome subsisted upon differentiation, the global proteome remodeling trajectory was highly similar during the tested differentiation routes. We thus conclude that the KOLF2.1J line performs well at the proteome level upon the neuro and cardiomyogenesis differentiation protocol used. We believe this dataset will serve as a resource of value for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program Sloan Kettering Institute Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York New York 10065 USA
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16
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Sandstedt M, Vukusic K, Ulfenborg B, Jonsson M, Mattsson Hultén L, Dellgren G, Jeppsson A, Synnergren J, Sandstedt J. Human intracardiac SSEA4+CD34 cells show features of cycling, immature cardiomyocytes and are distinct from Side Population and C-kit+CD45- cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269985. [PMID: 35709180 PMCID: PMC9202910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation has emerged as the main source of new cardiomyocytes in the adult. Progenitor cell populations may on the other hand contribute to the renewal of other cell types, including endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The phenotypes of immature cell populations in the adult human heart have not been extensively explored. We therefore investigated whether SSEA4+CD34- cells might constitute immature cycling cardiomyocytes in the adult failing and non-failing human heart. The phenotypes of Side Population (SP) and C-kit+CD45- progenitor cells were also analyzed. Biopsies from the four heart chambers were obtained from patients with end-stage heart failure as well as organ donors without chronic heart failure. Freshly dissociated cells underwent flow cytometric analysis and sorting. SSEA4+CD34- cells expressed high levels of cardiomyocyte, stem cell and proliferation markers. This pattern resembles that of cycling, immature, cardiomyocytes, which may be important in endogenous cardiac regeneration. SSEA4+CD34- cells isolated from failing hearts tended to express lower levels of cardiomyocyte markers as well as higher levels of stem cell markers. C-kit+CD45- and SP CD45- cells expressed high levels of endothelial and stem cell markers–corresponding to endothelial progenitor cells involved in endothelial renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sandstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristina Vukusic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Ulfenborg
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jonsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Joakim Sandstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Peisker F, Halder M, Nagai J, Ziegler S, Kaesler N, Hoeft K, Li R, Bindels EMJ, Kuppe C, Moellmann J, Lehrke M, Stoppe C, Schaub MT, Schneider RK, Costa I, Kramann R. Mapping the cardiac vascular niche in heart failure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3027. [PMID: 35641541 PMCID: PMC9156759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac vascular and perivascular niche are of major importance in homeostasis and during disease, but we lack a complete understanding of its cellular heterogeneity and alteration in response to injury as a major driver of heart failure. Using combined genetic fate tracing with confocal imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing of this niche in homeostasis and during heart failure, we unravel cell type specific transcriptomic changes in fibroblast, endothelial, pericyte and vascular smooth muscle cell subtypes. We characterize a specific fibroblast subpopulation that exists during homeostasis, acquires Thbs4 expression and expands after injury driving cardiac fibrosis, and identify the transcription factor TEAD1 as a regulator of fibroblast activation. Endothelial cells display a proliferative response after injury, which is not sustained in later remodeling, together with transcriptional changes related to hypoxia, angiogenesis, and migration. Collectively, our data provides an extensive resource of transcriptomic changes in the vascular niche in hypertrophic cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Peisker
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Halder
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - James Nagai
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kaesler
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Konrad Hoeft
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ronghui Li
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric M J Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Moellmann
- Department of Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency, and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael T Schaub
- Department of Computer Science, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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The Vascular Niche for Adult Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050882. [PMID: 35624750 PMCID: PMC9137669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cardiac progenitor cell populations has generated expectations about their potential for cardiac regeneration capacity after acute myocardial infarction and during physiological aging; however, the endogenous capacity of the adult mammalian heart is limited. The modest efficacy of exogenous cell-based treatments can guide the development of new approaches that, alone or in combination, can be applied to boost clinical efficacy. The identification and manipulation of the adult stem cell environment, termed niche, will be critical for providing new evidence on adult stem cell populations and improving stem-cell-based therapies. Here, we review and discuss the state of our understanding of the interaction of adult cardiac progenitor cells with other cardiac cell populations, with a focus on the description of the B-CPC progenitor population (Bmi1+ cardiac progenitor cell), which is a strong candidate progenitor for all main cardiac cell lineages, both in the steady state and after cardiac damage. The set of all interactions should be able to define the vascular cardiac stem cell niche, which is associated with low oxidative stress domains in vasculature, and whose manipulation would offer new hope in the cardiac regeneration field.
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19
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Bugg D, Bailey LRJ, Bretherton RC, Beach KE, Reichardt IM, Robeson KZ, Reese AC, Gunaje J, Flint G, DeForest CA, Stempien-Otero A, Davis J. MBNL1 drives dynamic transitions between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in cardiac wound healing. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:419-433.e10. [PMID: 35176223 PMCID: PMC8929295 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic fibroblast to myofibroblast state transitions underlie the heart's fibrotic response. Because transcriptome maturation by muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) promotes differentiated cell states, this study investigated whether tactical control of MBNL1 activity could alter myofibroblast activity and fibrotic outcomes. In healthy mice, cardiac fibroblast-specific overexpression of MBNL1 transitioned the fibroblast transcriptome to that of a myofibroblast and after injury promoted myocyte remodeling and scar maturation. Both fibroblast- and myofibroblast-specific loss of MBNL1 limited scar production and stabilization, which was ascribed to negligible myofibroblast activity. The combination of MBNL1 deletion and injury caused quiescent fibroblasts to expand and adopt features of cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, whereas transgenic MBNL1 expression blocked fibroblast proliferation and drove the population into a mature myofibroblast state. These data suggest MBNL1 is a post-transcriptional switch, controlling fibroblast state plasticity during cardiac wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrian Bugg
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Logan R J Bailey
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ross C Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kylie E Beach
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Kalen Z Robeson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anna C Reese
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jagadambika Gunaje
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Galina Flint
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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20
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Heart regeneration: 20 years of progress and renewed optimism. Dev Cell 2022; 57:424-439. [PMID: 35231426 PMCID: PMC8896288 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and thus there remains great interest in regenerative approaches to treat heart failure. In the past 20 years, the field of heart regeneration has entered a renaissance period with remarkable progress in the understanding of endogenous heart regeneration, stem cell differentiation for exogenous cell therapy, and cell-delivery methods. In this review, we highlight how this new understanding can lead to viable strategies for human therapy. For the near term, drugs, electrical and mechanical devices, and heart transplantation will remain mainstays of cardiac therapies, but eventually regenerative therapies based on fundamental regenerative biology may offer more permanent solutions for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Corresponding author and lead contact: Richard T. Lee, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, Phone: 617-496-5394, Fax: 617-496-8351,
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21
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Chen SN, Lam CK, Wan YW, Gao S, Malak OA, Zhao SR, Lombardi R, Ambardekar AV, Bristow MR, Cleveland J, Gigli M, Sinagra G, Graw S, Taylor MR, Wu JC, Mestroni L. Activation of PDGFRA signaling contributes to filamin C-related arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk0052. [PMID: 35196083 PMCID: PMC8865769 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
FLNC truncating mutations (FLNCtv) are prevalent causes of inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), with a high risk of developing arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of mutant FLNC in the pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic DCM (a-DCM) using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We demonstrated that iPSC-CMs from two patients with different FLNCtv mutations displayed arrhythmias and impaired contraction. FLNC ablation induced a similar phenotype, suggesting that FLNCtv are loss-of-function mutations. Coimmunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis identified β-catenin (CTNNB1) as a downstream target. FLNC deficiency induced nuclear translocation of CTNNB1 and subsequently activated the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) pathway, which were also observed in human hearts with a-DCM and FLNCtv. Treatment with the PDGFRA inhibitor, crenolanib, improved contractile function of patient iPSC-CMs. Collectively, our findings suggest that PDGFRA signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis, and inhibition of this pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy in FLNC-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Nee Chen
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shanshan Gao
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olfat A. Malak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shane Rui Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Amrut V. Ambardekar
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael R. Bristow
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Cleveland
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marta Gigli
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Sharon Graw
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Matthew R.G. Taylor
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Aurora, CO, USA
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22
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Picchio V, Bordin A, Floris E, Cozzolino C, Dhori X, Peruzzi M, Frati G, De Falco E, Pagano F, Chimenti I. The dynamic facets of the cardiac stroma: from classical markers to omics and translational perspectives. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1172-1187. [PMID: 35273721 PMCID: PMC8902528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells have been long underestimated in their functions in homeostasis and repair. Recent evidence has changed this perspective in that many more players and facets than just "cardiac fibroblasts" have entered the field. Single cell transcriptomic studies on cardiac interstitial cells have shed light on the phenotypic plasticity of the stroma, whose transcriptional profile is dynamically regulated in homeostatic conditions and in response to external stimuli. Different populations and/or functional states that appear in homeostasis and pathology have been described, particularly increasing the complexity of studying the cardiac response to injury. In this review, we outline current phenotypical and molecular markers, and the approaches developed for identifying and classifying cardiac stromal cells. Significant advances in our understanding of cardiac stromal populations will provide a deeper knowledge on myocardial functional cellular components, as well as a platform for future developments of novel therapeutic strategies to counteract cardiac fibrosis and adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Picchio
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Erica Floris
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Claudia Cozzolino
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Xhulio Dhori
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- IRCCS NeuromedPozzilli, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Biochemistry and Cellular Biology Institute, CNRMonterotondo, Italy
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of RomeItaly
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoli, Italy
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23
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Cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction: the need for regeneration and a review of cardiac stromal cell populations used for transplantation. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:269-281. [PMID: 35129611 PMCID: PMC9042388 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally due to the inability of the adult human heart to regenerate after injury. Cell therapy using cardiac-derived progenitor populations emerged about two decades ago with the aim of replacing cells lost after ischaemic injury. Despite early promise from rodent studies, administration of these populations has not translated to the clinic. We will discuss the need for cardiac regeneration and review the debate surrounding how cardiac progenitor populations exert a therapeutic effect following transplantation into the heart, including their ability to form de novo cardiomyocytes and the release of paracrine factors. We will also discuss limitations hindering the cell therapy field, which include the challenges of performing cell-based clinical trials and the low retention of administered cells, and how future research may overcome them.
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24
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Janbandhu V, Tallapragada V, Patrick R, Li Y, Abeygunawardena D, Humphreys DT, Martin EM, Ward AO, Contreras O, Farbehi N, Yao E, Du J, Dunwoodie SL, Bursac N, Harvey RP. Hif-1a suppresses ROS-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts following myocardial infarction. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:281-297.e12. [PMID: 34762860 PMCID: PMC9021927 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and mesenchymal progenitors are more hypoxic than other cardiac interstitial populations, express more hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and exhibit increased glycolytic metabolism. CF-specific deletion of Hif-1a resulted in decreased HIF-1 target gene expression and increased mesenchymal progenitors in uninjured hearts and increased CF activation without proliferation following sham injury, as demonstrated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). After myocardial infarction (MI), however, there was ∼50% increased CF proliferation and excessive scarring and contractile dysfunction, a scenario replicated in 3D engineered cardiac microtissues. CF proliferation was associated with higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) as occurred also in wild-type mice treated with the mitochondrial ROS generator MitoParaquat (MitoPQ). The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO rescued Hif-1a mutant phenotypes. Thus, HIF-1α in CFs provides a critical braking mechanism against excessive post-ischemic CF activation and proliferation through regulation of mitochondrial ROS. CFs are potential cellular targets for designer antioxidant therapies in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia,Correspondence: (V.J.), (R.P.H.)
| | - Vikram Tallapragada
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dhanushi Abeygunawardena
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David T. Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alexander O. Ward
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ernestene Yao
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Junjie Du
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Sally L. Dunwoodie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,St. Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Lead contact,Correspondence: (V.J.), (R.P.H.)
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25
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PDGFRα reporter activity identifies periosteal progenitor cells critical for bone formation and fracture repair. Bone Res 2022; 10:7. [PMID: 35075130 PMCID: PMC8786977 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer coverings of the skeleton, which is also known as the periosteum, are arranged in concentric layers and act as a reservoir for tissue-specific bone progenitors. The cellular heterogeneity within this tissue depot is being increasingly recognized. Here, inducible PDGFRα reporter animals were found to mark a population of cells within the periosteum that act as a stem cell reservoir for periosteal appositional bone formation and fracture repair. During these processes, PDGFRα reporter+ progenitors give rise to Nestin+ periosteal cells before becoming osteoblasts and osteocytes. The diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of PDGFRα reporter+ cells led to deficits in cortical bone formation during homeostasis and a diminutive hard callus during fracture repair. After ossicle transplantation, both mouse PDGFRα reporter+ periosteal cells and human Pdgfrα+ periosteal progenitors expand, ossify, and recruit marrow to a greater extent than their counterpart periosteal cells, whereas PDGFRα reporter− periosteal cells exhibit a predisposition to chondrogenesis in vitro. Total RNA sequencing identified enrichment of the secreted factors Fermt3 and Ptpn6 within PDGFRα reporter+ periosteal cells, which partly underlie the osteoblastogenic features of this cell population.
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26
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Della Verde G, Mochizuki M, Lorenz V, Roux J, Xu L, Ramin-Wright L, Pfister O, Kuster GM. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 is a regulator of the cardiac side population in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101112. [PMID: 34903561 PMCID: PMC8711848 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cells and a target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Flt3-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors can have cardiovascular side effects. Flt3 and its ligand (Flt3L) are expressed in the heart, but little is known about their physiological functions. Here, we show that cardiac side population progenitor cells (SP-CPCs) from mice produce and are responsive to Flt3L. Compared with wild-type, flt3L-/- mice have less SP-CPCs with less contribution of CD45-CD34+ cells and lower expression of genes related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cardiovascular development and stem cell differentiation. Upon culturing, flt3L-/- SP-CPCs show increased proliferation and less vasculogenic commitment, whereas Akt phosphorylation is lower. Notably, proliferation and differentiation can be partially restored towards wild-type levels in the presence of alternative receptor tyrosine kinase-activating growth factors signaling through Akt. The lower vasculogenic potential of flt3L-/- SP-CPCs reflects in decreased microvascularisation and lower systolic function of flt3L-/- hearts. Thus, Flt3 regulates phenotype and function of murine SP-CPCs and contributes to cellular and molecular properties that are relevant for their cardiovasculogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Della Verde
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michika Mochizuki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lorenz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julien Roux
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leandra Ramin-Wright
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Pfister
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela M Kuster
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Kasai-Brunswick TH, Carvalho AB, Campos de Carvalho AC. Stem cell therapies in cardiac diseases: Current status and future possibilities. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1231-1247. [PMID: 34630860 PMCID: PMC8474720 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the world’s leading cause of death. In this heterogeneous group of diseases, ischemic cardiomyopathies are the most devastating and prevalent, estimated to cause 17.9 million deaths per year. Despite all biomedical efforts, there are no effective treatments that can replace the myocytes lost during an ischemic event or progression of the disease to heart failure. In this context, cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic alternative to treat cardiovascular diseases by cell administration, aimed at cardiac regeneration and repair. In this review, we will cover more than 30 years of cell therapy in cardiology, presenting the main milestones and drawbacks in the field and signaling future challenges and perspectives. The outcomes of cardiac cell therapies are discussed in three distinct aspects: The search for remuscularization by replacement of lost cells by exogenous adult cells, the endogenous stem cell era, which pursued the isolation of a progenitor with the ability to induce heart repair, and the utilization of pluripotent stem cells as a rich and reliable source of cardiomyocytes. Acellular therapies using cell derivatives, such as microvesicles and exosomes, are presented as a promising cell-free therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Hanae Kasai-Brunswick
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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28
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Contreras O, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins, potency, and heterogeneity of skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors-time for new definitions. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 34210364 PMCID: PMC8247239 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle is a highly plastic and regenerative organ that regulates body movement, temperature, and metabolism-all the functions needed for an individual's health and well-being. The muscle connective tissue's main components are the extracellular matrix and its resident stromal cells, which continuously reshape it in embryonic development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are enigmatic and transformative muscle-resident interstitial cells with mesenchymal stem/stromal cell properties. They act as cellular sentinels and physiological hubs for adult muscle homeostasis and regeneration by shaping the microenvironment by secreting a complex cocktail of extracellular matrix components, diffusible cytokines, ligands, and immune-modulatory factors. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are the lineage precursors of specialized cells, including activated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteogenic cells after injury. Here, we discuss current research gaps, potential druggable developments, and outstanding questions about fibro-adipogenic progenitor origins, potency, and heterogeneity. Finally, we took advantage of recent advances in single-cell technologies combined with lineage tracing to unify the diversity of stromal fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Thus, this compelling review provides new cellular and molecular insights in comprehending the origins, definitions, markers, fate, and plasticity of murine and human fibro-adipogenic progenitors in muscle development, homeostasis, regeneration, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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29
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Pakzad KK, Tan JJ, Anderson S, Board M, Clarke K, Carr CA. Metabolic maturation of differentiating cardiosphere-derived cells. Stem Cell Res 2021; 54:102422. [PMID: 34118565 PMCID: PMC8271094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen IV promotes proliferation of cardiosphere-derived cells. Fibronectin supports differentiation of cardiosphere-derived cells. Oxidative metabolism increases as cardiac progenitors mature. Stimulating fatty acid oxidation promotes cardiac progenitor cell maturation.
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) can be expanded in vitro and induced to differentiate along the cardiac lineage. To recapitulate the phenotype of an adult cardiomyocyte, differentiating progenitors need to upregulate mitochondrial glucose and fatty acid oxidation. Here we cultured and differentiated CDCs using protocols aimed to maintain stemness or to promote differentiation, including triggering fatty acid oxidation using an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Metabolic changes were characterised in undifferentiated CDCs and during differentiation towards a cardiac phenotype. CDCs from rat atria were expanded on fibronectin or collagen IV via cardiosphere formation. Differentiation was assessed using flow cytometry and qPCR and substrate metabolism was quantified using radiolabelled substrates. Collagen IV promoted proliferation of CDCs whereas fibronectin primed cells for differentiation towards a cardiac phenotype. In both populations, treatment with 5-Azacytidine induced a switch towards oxidative metabolism, as shown by changes in gene expression, decreased glycolytic flux and increased oxidation of glucose and palmitate. Addition of a PPARα agonist during differentiation increased both glucose and fatty acid oxidation and expression of cardiac genes. We conclude that oxidative metabolism and cell differentiation act in partnership with increases in one driving an increase in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Jie Tan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK; Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Mary Board
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK.
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30
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Purvis N, Kumari S, Chandrasekera D, Bellae Papannarao J, Gandhi S, van Hout I, Coffey S, Bunton R, Sugunesegran R, Parry D, Davis P, Williams MJA, Bahn A, Katare R. Diabetes induces dysregulation of microRNAs associated with survival, proliferation and self-renewal in cardiac progenitor cells. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1422-1435. [PMID: 33655378 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes mellitus causes a progressive loss of functional efficacy in stem cells, including cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). The underlying molecular mechanism is still not known. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate genes at the post-transcriptional level. We aimed to determine if diabetes mellitus induces dysregulation of miRNAs in CPCs and to test if in vitro therapeutic modulation of miRNAs would improve the functions of diabetic CPCs. METHODS CPCs were isolated from a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (db/db), non-diabetic mice and human right atrial appendage heart tissue. Total RNA isolated from mouse CPCs was miRNA profiled using Nanostring analysis. Bioinformatic analysis was employed to predict the functional effects of altered miRNAs. MS analysis was applied to determine the targets, which were confirmed by western blot analysis. Finally, to assess the beneficial effects of therapeutic modulation of miRNAs in vitro and in vivo, prosurvival miR-30c-5p was overexpressed in mouse and human diabetic CPCs, and the functional consequences were determined by measuring the level of apoptotic cell death, cardiac function and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS Among 599 miRNAs analysed in mouse CPCs via Nanostring analysis, 16 miRNAs showed significant dysregulation in the diabetic CPCs. Using bioinformatics tools and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validation, four altered miRNAs (miR-30c-5p, miR-329-3p, miR-376c-3p and miR-495-3p) were identified to play an important role in cell proliferation and survival. Diabetes mellitus significantly downregulated miR-30c-5p, while it upregulated miR-329-3p, miR-376c-3p and miR-495-3p. MS analysis revealed proapoptotic voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1) as a direct target for miR-30c-5p, and cell cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent protein kinase 6 (CDK6), as the direct target for miR-329-3p, miR-376c-3p and miR-495-3p. Western blot analyses showed a marked increase in VDAC1 expression, while CDK6 expression was downregulated in diabetic CPCs. Finally, in vitro and in vivo overexpression of miR-30c-5p markedly reduced the apoptotic cell death and preserved MMP in diabetic CPCs via inhibition of VDAC1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that diabetes mellitus induces a marked dysregulation of miRNAs associated with stem cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, and that therapeutic overexpression of prosurvival miR-30c-5p reduced diabetes-induced cell death and loss of MMP in CPCs via the newly identified target for miR-30c-5p, VDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Purvis
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sweta Kumari
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dhananjie Chandrasekera
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jayanthi Bellae Papannarao
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Gandhi
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sean Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bunton
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ramanen Sugunesegran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Parry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip Davis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael J A Williams
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Bahn
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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31
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Implications of the Wilms' Tumor Suppressor Wt1 in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094346. [PMID: 33919406 PMCID: PMC8122684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wilms’ tumor suppressor Wt1 is involved in multiple developmental processes and adult tissue homeostasis. The first phenotypes recognized in Wt1 knockout mice were developmental cardiac and kidney defects. Wt1 expression in the heart has been described in epicardial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Expression of Wt1 in cardiomyocytes has been suggested but remained a controversial issue, as well as the role of Wt1 in cardiomyocyte development and regeneration after injury. We determined cardiac Wt1 expression during embryonic development, in the adult, and after cardiac injury by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. As in vitro model, phenotypic cardiomyocyte differentiation, i.e., the appearance of rhythmically beating clones from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and associated changes in gene expression were analyzed. We detected Wt1 in cardiomyocytes from embryonic day (E10.5), the first time point investigated, until adult age. Cardiac Wt1 mRNA levels decreased during embryonic development. In the adult, Wt1 was reactivated in cardiomyocytes 48 h and 3 weeks following myocardial infarction. Wt1 mRNA levels were increased in differentiating mESCs. Overexpression of Wt1(-KTS) and Wt1(+KTS) isoforms in ES cells reduced the fraction of phenotypically cardiomyocyte differentiated clones, which was preceded by a temporary increase in c-kit expression in Wt1(-KTS) transfected ES cell clones and induction of some cardiomyocyte markers. Taken together, Wt1 shows a dynamic expression pattern during cardiomyocyte differentiation and overexpression in ES cells reduces their phenotypical cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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32
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Cimini M, Kishore R. Role of Podoplanin-Positive Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis and Angiogenesis After Ischemia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:667278. [PMID: 33912076 PMCID: PMC8072458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.667278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New insights into the cellular and extra-cellular composition of scar tissue after myocardial infarction (MI) have been identified. Recently, a heterogeneous podoplanin-expressing cell population has been associated with fibrogenic and inflammatory responses and lymphatic vessel growth during scar formation. Podoplanin is a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in heart development, cell motility, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. In the adult mouse heart, podoplanin is expressed only by cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells; after MI, it is acquired with an unexpected heterogeneity by PDGFRα-, PDGFRβ-, and CD34-positive cells. Podoplanin may therefore represent a sign of activation of a cohort of progenitor cells during different phases of post-ischemic myocardial wound repair. Podoplanin binds to C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) which is exclusively expressed by platelets and a variety of immune cells. CLEC-2 is upregulated in CD11bhigh cells, including monocytes and macrophages, following inflammatory stimuli. We recently published that inhibition of the interaction between podoplanin-expressing cells and podoplanin-binding cells using podoplanin-neutralizing antibodies reduces but does not fully suppress inflammation post-MI while improving heart function and scar composition after ischemic injury. These data support an emerging and alternative mechanism of interactome in the heart that, when neutralized, leads to altered inflammatory response and preservation of cardiac function and structure. The overarching objective of this review is to assimilate and discuss the available evidence on the functional role of podoplanin-positive cells on cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. A detailed characterization of cell-to-cell interactions and paracrine signals between podoplanin-expressing cells and the other type of cells that compose the heart tissue is needed to open a new line of investigation extending beyond the known function of these cells. This review attempts to discuss the role and biology of podoplanin-positive cells in the context of cardiac injury, repair, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cimini
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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33
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Zhu D, Cheng K. Cardiac Cell Therapy for Heart Repair: Should the Cells Be Left Out? Cells 2021; 10:641. [PMID: 33805763 PMCID: PMC7999733 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death worldwide. Coronary artery occlusion, or myocardial infarction (MI) causes massive loss of cardiomyocytes. The ischemia area is eventually replaced by a fibrotic scar. From the mechanical dysfunctions of the scar in electronic transduction, contraction and compliance, pathological cardiac dilation and heart failure develops. Once end-stage heart failure occurs, the only option is to perform heart transplantation. The sequential changes are termed cardiac remodeling, and are due to the lack of endogenous regenerative actions in the adult human heart. Regenerative medicine and biomedical engineering strategies have been pursued to repair the damaged heart and to restore normal cardiac function. Such strategies include both cellular and acellular products, in combination with biomaterials. In addition, substantial progress has been made to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying heart repair and regeneration. In this review, we summarize and discuss current therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair and provide a perspective on novel strategies that holding potential opportunities for future research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill & North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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34
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Ex uno, plures-From One Tissue to Many Cells: A Review of Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Cardiovascular Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042071. [PMID: 33669808 PMCID: PMC7922347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances have revolutionized the study of tissue biology and garnered a greater appreciation for tissue complexity. In order to understand cardiac development, heart tissue homeostasis, and the effects of stress and injury on the cardiovascular system, it is essential to characterize the heart at high cellular resolution. Single-cell profiling provides a more precise definition of tissue composition, cell differentiation trajectories, and intercellular communication, compared to classical bulk approaches. Here, we aim to review how recent single-cell multi-omic studies have changed our understanding of cell dynamics during cardiac development, and in the healthy and diseased adult myocardium.
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35
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Santini MP, Malide D, Hoffman G, Pandey G, D'Escamard V, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Rovira I, Kataoka H, Ochando J, Harvey RP, Finkel T, Kovacic JC. Tissue-Resident PDGFRα + Progenitor Cells Contribute to Fibrosis versus Healing in a Context- and Spatiotemporally Dependent Manner. Cell Rep 2021; 30:555-570.e7. [PMID: 31940496 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitor cells are associated with pathological fibro-adipogenic processes. Conversely, a beneficial role for these cells during homeostasis or in response to revascularization and regeneration stimuli is suggested, but remains to be defined. We studied the molecular profile and function of PDGFRα+ cells in order to understand the mechanisms underlying their role in fibrosis versus regeneration. We show that PDGFRα+ cells are essential for tissue revascularization and restructuring through injury-stimulated remodeling of stromal and vascular components, context-dependent clonal expansion, and ultimate removal of pro-fibrotic PDGFRα+-derived cells. Tissue ischemia modulates the PDGFRα+ phenotype toward cells capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix and inducing cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, likely favoring tissue repair. Conversely, pathological healing occurs if PDGFRα+-derived cells persist as terminally differentiated mesenchymal cells. These studies support a context-dependent "yin-yang" biology of tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells, which possess an innate ability to limit injury expansion while also promoting fibrosis in an unfavorable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Santini
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gabriel Hoffman
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Valentina D'Escamard
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ilsa Rovira
- Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Medicine and Oncological Sciences, ISMMS, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Stem Cells Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY 10029, USA.
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36
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Mei X, Cheng K. Recent Development in Therapeutic Cardiac Patches. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:610364. [PMID: 33330673 PMCID: PMC7728668 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.610364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past decades, heart diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. In the adult mammalian heart, damaged cardiomyocytes will be replaced by non-contractile fibrotic scar tissues due to the poor regenerative ability of heart, causing heart failure subsequently. The development of tissue engineering has launched a new medical innovation for heart regeneration. As one of the most outstanding technology, cardiac patches hold the potential to restore cardiac function clinically. Consisted of two components: therapeutic ingredients and substrate scaffolds, the fabrication of cardiac patches requires both advanced bioactive molecules and biomaterials. In this review, we will present the most state-of-the-art cardiac patches and analysis their compositional details. The therapeutic ingredients will be discussed from cell sources to bioactive molecules. In the meanwhile, the recent advances to obtain scaffold biomaterials will be highlighted, including synthetic and natural materials. Also, we have focused on the challenges and potential strategies to fabricate clinically applicable cardiac patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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37
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Litviňuková M, Talavera-López C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Worth CL, Lindberg EL, Kanda M, Polanski K, Heinig M, Lee M, Nadelmann ER, Roberts K, Tuck L, Fasouli ES, DeLaughter DM, McDonough B, Wakimoto H, Gorham JM, Samari S, Mahbubani KT, Saeb-Parsy K, Patone G, Boyle JJ, Zhang H, Zhang H, Viveiros A, Oudit GY, Bayraktar OA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Noseda M, Hubner N, Teichmann SA. Cells of the adult human heart. Nature 2020; 588:466-472. [PMID: 32971526 PMCID: PMC7681775 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 817] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Advanced insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies require a deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the healthy heart. Knowledge of the full repertoire of cardiac cells and their gene expression profiles is a fundamental first step in this endeavour. Here, using state-of-the-art analyses of large-scale single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomes, we characterize six anatomical adult heart regions. Our results highlight the cellular heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts, and reveal distinct atrial and ventricular subsets of cells with diverse developmental origins and specialized properties. We define the complexity of the cardiac vasculature and its changes along the arterio-venous axis. In the immune compartment, we identify cardiac-resident macrophages with inflammatory and protective transcriptional signatures. Furthermore, analyses of cell-to-cell interactions highlight different networks of macrophages, fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes between atria and ventricles that are distinct from those of skeletal muscle. Our human cardiac cell atlas improves our understanding of the human heart and provides a valuable reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Litviňuková
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Talavera-López
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,EMBL - EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Henrike Maatz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Reichart
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine L Worth
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric L Lindberg
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Masatoshi Kanda
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), HMGU, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Informatics, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kenny Roberts
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Liz Tuck
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Eirini S Fasouli
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Barbara McDonough
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Samari
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giannino Patone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph J Boyle
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Histology and Embryology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Omer Ali Bayraktar
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Cellular Genetics Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. .,Deptartment of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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38
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Kurian J, Yuko AE, Kasatkin N, Rigaud VOC, Busch K, Harlamova D, Wagner M, Recchia FA, Wang H, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Khan M. Uncoupling protein 2-mediated metabolic adaptations define cardiac cell function in the heart during transition from young to old age. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:144-156. [PMID: 32964621 PMCID: PMC7780806 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular replacement in the heart is restricted to postnatal stages with the adult heart largely postmitotic. Studies show that loss of regenerative properties in cardiac cells seems to coincide with alterations in metabolism during postnatal development and maturation. Nevertheless, whether changes in cellular metabolism are linked to functional alternations in cardiac cells is not well studied. We report here a novel role for uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in regulation of functional properties in cardiac tissue derived stem‐like cells (CTSCs). CTSC were isolated from C57BL/6 mice aged 2 days (nCTSC), 2 month (CTSC), and 2 years old (aCTSC), subjected to bulk‐RNA sequencing that identifies unique transcriptome significantly different between CTSC populations from young and old heart. Moreover, results show that UCP2 is highly expressed in CTSCs from the neonatal heart and is linked to maintenance of glycolysis, proliferation, and survival. With age, UCP2 is reduced shifting energy metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation inversely affecting cellular proliferation and survival in aged CTSCs. Loss of UCP2 in neonatal CTSCs reduces extracellular acidification rate and glycolysis together with reduced cellular proliferation and survival. Mechanistically, UCP2 silencing is linked to significant alteration of mitochondrial genes together with cell cycle and survival signaling pathways as identified by RNA‐sequencing and STRING bioinformatic analysis. Hence, our study shows UCP2‐mediated metabolic profile regulates functional properties of cardiac cells during transition from neonatal to aging cardiac states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kurian
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonia E Yuko
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Kasatkin
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vagner O C Rigaud
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelsey Busch
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daria Harlamova
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcus Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRC), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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39
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Constantinou C, Miranda AMA, Chaves P, Bellahcene M, Massaia A, Cheng K, Samari S, Rothery SM, Chandler AM, Schwarz RP, Harding SE, Punjabi P, Schneider MD, Noseda M. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a target platform for paracrine protection by cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13016. [PMID: 32747668 PMCID: PMC7400574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the foremost cause of death globally, with survivors at risk for subsequent heart failure. Paradoxically, cell therapies to offset cardiomyocyte loss after ischemic injury improve long-term cardiac function despite a lack of durable engraftment. An evolving consensus, inferred preponderantly from non-human models, is that transplanted cells benefit the heart via early paracrine signals. Here, we tested the impact of paracrine signals on human cardiomyocytes, using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) as the target of mouse and human cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSC) with progenitor-like features. In co-culture and conditioned medium studies, cMSCs markedly inhibited human cardiomyocyte death. Little or no protection was conferred by mouse tail tip or human skin fibroblasts. Consistent with the results of transcriptomic profiling, functional analyses showed that the cMSC secretome suppressed apoptosis and preserved cardiac mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Protection was independent of exosomes under the conditions tested. In mice, injecting cMSC-conditioned media into the infarct border zone reduced apoptotic cardiomyocytes > 70% locally. Thus, hPSC-CMs provide an auspicious, relevant human platform to investigate extracellular signals for cardiac muscle survival, substantiating human cardioprotection by cMSCs, and suggesting the cMSC secretome or its components as potential cell-free therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Constantinou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio M A Miranda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Patricia Chaves
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrea Massaia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kevin Cheng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sara Samari
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen M Rothery
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anita M Chandler
- Kardia Therapeutics, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Richard P Schwarz
- Kardia Therapeutics, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- CV Ventures, LLC, Blue Bell, PA, 19422, USA
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Prakash Punjabi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Michael D Schneider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence and Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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40
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He L, Nguyen NB, Ardehali R, Zhou B. Heart Regeneration by Endogenous Stem Cells and Cardiomyocyte Proliferation: Controversy, Fallacy, and Progress. Circulation 2020; 142:275-291. [PMID: 32687441 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes with subsequent adverse remodeling and heart failure. Identifying new sources for cardiomyocytes and promoting their formation represents a goal of cardiac biology and regenerative medicine. Within the past decade, many types of putative cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to regenerate the injured myocardium by differentiating into new cardiomyocytes. Some of these CSCs have been translated from bench to bed with reported therapeutic effectiveness. However, recent basic research studies on stem cell tracing have begun to question their fundamental biology and mechanisms of action, raising serious concerns over the myogenic potential of CSCs. We review the history of different types of CSCs within the past decade and provide an update of recent cell tracing studies that have challenged the origin and existence of CSCs. In addition to the potential role of CSCs in heart regeneration, proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes has recently gained more attention. This review will also evaluate the methodologic and technical aspects of past and current studies on CSCs and cardiomyocyte proliferation, with emphasis on technical strengths, advantages, and potential limitations of research approaches. While our understanding of cardiomyocyte generation and regeneration continues to evolve, it is important to address the shortcomings and inaccuracies in this field. This is best achieved by embracing technological advancements and improved methods to label single cardiomyocytes/progenitors and accurately investigate their developmental potential and fate/lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research (N.B.N., R.A.), University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (L.H., B.Z.).,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (B.Z.).,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China (B.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.)
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41
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Cianflone E, Torella M, Biamonte F, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Costanzo FS, Rota M, Ellison-Hughes GM, Torella D. Targeting Cardiac Stem Cell Senescence to Treat Cardiac Aging and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1558. [PMID: 32604861 PMCID: PMC7349658 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem/progenitor are a small population of cells that reside in tissue-specific niches and possess the potential to differentiate in all cell types of the organ in which they operate. Adult stem cells are implicated with the homeostasis, regeneration, and aging of all tissues. Tissue-specific adult stem cell senescence has emerged as an attractive theory for the decline in mammalian tissue and organ function during aging. Cardiac aging, in particular, manifests as functional tissue degeneration that leads to heart failure. Adult cardiac stem/progenitor cell (CSC) senescence has been accordingly associated with physiological and pathological processes encompassing both non-age and age-related decline in cardiac tissue repair and organ dysfunction and disease. Senescence is a highly active and dynamic cell process with a first classical hallmark represented by its replicative limit, which is the establishment of a stable growth arrest over time that is mainly secondary to DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation elicited by different intrinsic stimuli (like metabolism), as well as external stimuli and age. Replicative senescence is mainly executed by telomere shortening, the activation of the p53/p16INK4/Rb molecular pathways, and chromatin remodeling. In addition, senescent cells produce and secrete a complex mixture of molecules, commonly known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), that regulate most of their non-cell-autonomous effects. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating different characteristics of the senescence phenotype and their consequences for adult CSCs in particular. Because senescent cells contribute to the outcome of a variety of cardiac diseases, including age-related and unrelated cardiac diseases like diabetic cardiomyopathy and anthracycline cardiotoxicity, therapies that target senescent cell clearance are actively being explored. Moreover, the further understanding of the reversibility of the senescence phenotype will help to develop novel rational therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AORN dei Colli/Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre of Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre of Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guys Campus-Great Maze Pond rd, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Mancuso T, Barone A, Salatino A, Molinaro C, Marino F, Scalise M, Torella M, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Torella D, Cianflone E. Unravelling the Biology of Adult Cardiac Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes to Foster Endogenous Cardiac Regeneration and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3725. [PMID: 32466282 PMCID: PMC7279257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remuscularization has been the stated goal of the field of regenerative cardiology since its inception. Along with the refreshment of lost and dysfunctional cardiac muscle cells, the field of cell therapy has expanded in scope encompassing also the potential of the injected cells as cardioprotective and cardio-reparative agents for cardiovascular diseases. The latter has been the result of the findings that cell therapies so far tested in clinical trials exert their beneficial effects through paracrine mechanisms acting on the endogenous myocardial reparative/regenerative potential. The endogenous regenerative potential of the adult heart is still highly debated. While it has been widely accepted that adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) are renewed throughout life either in response to wear and tear and after injury, the rate and origin of this phenomenon are yet to be clarified. The adult heart harbors resident cardiac/stem progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs), whose discovery and characterization were initially sufficient to explain CM renewal in response to physiological and pathological stresses, when also considering that adult CMs are terminally differentiated cells. The role of CSCs in CM formation in the adult heart has been however questioned by some recent genetic fate map studies, which have been proved to have serious limitations. Nevertheless, uncontested evidence shows that clonal CSCs are effective transplantable regenerative agents either for their direct myogenic differentiation and for their paracrine effects in the allogeneic setting. In particular, the paracrine potential of CSCs has been the focus of the recent investigation, whereby CSC-derived exosomes appear to harbor relevant regenerative and reparative signals underlying the beneficial effects of CSC transplantation. This review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge about the biological role of exosomes in heart tissue homeostasis and repair with the idea to use them as tools for new therapeutic biotechnologies for "cell-less" effective cardiac regeneration approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mancuso
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Antonella Barone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Alessandro Salatino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Claudia Molinaro
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AORN dei Colli/Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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43
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Soliman H, Rossi FMV. Cardiac fibroblast diversity in health and disease. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:75-91. [PMID: 32446910 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac stroma plays essential roles in health and following cardiac damage. The major player of the stroma with respect to extracellular matrix deposition, maintenance and remodeling is the poorly defined fibroblast. It has long been recognized that there is considerable variability to the fibroblast phenotype. With the advent of new, high throughput analytical methods our understanding and appreciation of this heterogeneity has grown dramatically. This review aims to explore the diversity of cardiac fibroblasts and highlights new insights into the diverse nature of these cells and their progenitors as revealed by single cell sequencing and fate mapping studies. We propose that at least in part the observed heterogeneity is related to the existence of a differentiation cascade within stromal cells. Beyond in-organ heterogeneity, we also discuss how the stromal response to damage differs between non-regenerating organs such as the heart and regenerating organs such as skeletal muscle. In exploring possible causes for these differences, we outline that although fibrogenic cells from different organs overlap in many properties, they still possess organ-specific transcriptional signatures and differentiation biases that make them functionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
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44
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Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts and fibrosis contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure, a prevalent cause of mortality. Therefore, a majority of the existing information regarding cardiac fibroblasts is focused on their function and behavior after heart injury. Less is understood about the signaling and transcriptional networks required for the development and homeostatic roles of these cells. This review is devoted to describing our current understanding of cardiac fibroblast development. I detail cardiac fibroblast formation during embryogenesis including the discovery of a second embryonic origin for cardiac fibroblasts. Additional information is provided regarding the roles of the genes essential for cardiac fibroblast development. It should be noted that many questions remain regarding the cell-fate specification of these fibroblast progenitors, and it is hoped that this review will provide a basis for future studies regarding this topic.
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45
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Yellamilli A, Ren Y, McElmurry RT, Lambert JP, Gross P, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Elrod JW, Tolar J, Garry DJ, van Berlo JH. Abcg2-expressing side population cells contribute to cardiomyocyte renewal through fusion. FASEB J 2020; 34:5642-5657. [PMID: 32100368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has a limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, identification of endogenous cells and mechanisms that contribute to cardiac regeneration is essential for the development of targeted therapies. The side population (SP) phenotype has been used to enrich for stem cells throughout the body; however, SP cells isolated from the heart have been studied exclusively in cell culture or after transplantation, limiting our understanding of their function in vivo. We generated a new Abcg2-driven lineage-tracing mouse model with efficient labeling of SP cells. Labeled SP cells give rise to terminally differentiated cells in bone marrow and intestines. In the heart, labeled SP cells give rise to lineage-traced cardiomyocytes under homeostatic conditions with an increase in this contribution following cardiac injury. Instead of differentiating into cardiomyocytes like proposed cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac SP cells fuse with preexisting cardiomyocytes to stimulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry. Our study is the first to show that fusion between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, identified by the SP phenotype, contribute to endogenous cardiac regeneration by triggering cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry in the adult mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Yellamilli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ron T McElmurry
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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46
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pathological condition that occurs after injury and during aging. Currently, there are limited means to effectively reduce or reverse fibrosis. Key to identifying methods for curbing excess deposition of extracellular matrix is a better understanding of the cardiac fibroblast, the cell responsible for collagen production. In recent years, the diversity and functions of these enigmatic cells have been gradually revealed. In this review, I outline current approaches for identifying and classifying cardiac fibroblasts. An emphasis is placed on new insights into the heterogeneity of these cells as determined by lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing in development, adult, and disease states. These recent advances in our understanding of the fibroblast provide a platform for future development of novel therapeutics to combat cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA;
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47
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Soliman H, Paylor B, Scott RW, Lemos DR, Chang C, Arostegui M, Low M, Lee C, Fiore D, Braghetta P, Pospichalova V, Barkauskas CE, Korinek V, Rampazzo A, MacLeod K, Underhill TM, Rossi FMV. Pathogenic Potential of Hic1-Expressing Cardiac Stromal Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:205-220.e8. [PMID: 31978365 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac stroma contains multipotent mesenchymal progenitors. However, lineage relationships within cardiac stromal cells are poorly defined. Here, we identified heart-resident PDGFRa+ SCA-1+ cells as cardiac fibro/adipogenic progenitors (cFAPs) and show that they respond to ischemic damage by generating fibrogenic cells. Pharmacological blockade of this differentiation step with an anti-fibrotic tyrosine kinase inhibitor decreases post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) remodeling and leads to improvement in cardiac function. In the undamaged heart, activation of cFAPs through lineage-specific deletion of the gene encoding the quiescence-associated factor HIC1 reveals additional pathogenic potential, causing fibrofatty infiltration within the myocardium and driving major pathological features pathognomonic in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). In this regard, cFAPs contribute to multiple pathogenic cell types within cardiac tissue and therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying their activity are expected to have tremendous benefit for the treatment of diverse cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Soliman
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ben Paylor
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - R Wilder Scott
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - ChihKai Chang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Martin Arostegui
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marcela Low
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christina Lee
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniela Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale Regina Elana 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Braghetta
- Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vendula Pospichalova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Christina E Barkauskas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vladimir Korinek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, School of Science, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Kathleen MacLeod
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Research Group, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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48
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Phenotypic Screen with the Human Secretome Identifies FGF16 as Inducing Proliferation of iPSC-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236037. [PMID: 31801200 PMCID: PMC6928864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine factors can induce cardiac regeneration and repair post myocardial infarction by stimulating proliferation of cardiac cells and inducing the anti-fibrotic, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects of angiogenesis. Here, we screened a human secretome library, consisting of 923 growth factors, cytokines, and proteins with unknown function, in a phenotypic screen with human cardiac progenitor cells. The primary readout in the screen was proliferation measured by nuclear count. From this screen, we identified FGF1, FGF4, FGF9, FGF16, FGF18, and seven additional proteins that induce proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells. FGF9 and FGF16 belong to the same FGF subfamily, share high sequence identity, and are described to have similar receptor preferences. Interestingly, FGF16 was shown to be specific for proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells, whereas FGF9 also proliferated human cardiac fibroblasts. Biosensor analysis of receptor preferences and quantification of receptor abundances suggested that FGF16 and FGF9 bind to different FGF receptors on the cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac fibroblasts. FGF16 also proliferated naïve cardiac progenitor cells isolated from mouse heart and human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent cells. Taken together, the data suggest that FGF16 could be a suitable paracrine factor to induce cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Barreto S, Hamel L, Schiatti T, Yang Y, George V. Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Stem Cells: Learning from Genetics and Biomaterials. Cells 2019; 8:E1536. [PMID: 31795206 PMCID: PMC6952950 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs) show great potential as a cell resource for restoring cardiac function in patients affected by heart disease or heart failure. CPCs are proliferative and committed to cardiac fate, capable of generating cells of all the cardiac lineages. These cells offer a significant shift in paradigm over the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes owing to the latter's inability to recapitulate mature features of a native myocardium, limiting their translational applications. The iPSCs and direct reprogramming of somatic cells have been attempted to produce CPCs and, in this process, a variety of chemical and/or genetic factors have been evaluated for their ability to generate, expand, and maintain CPCs in vitro. However, the precise stoichiometry and spatiotemporal activity of these factors and the genetic interplay during embryonic CPC development remain challenging to reproduce in culture, in terms of efficiency, numbers, and translational potential. Recent advances in biomaterials to mimic the native cardiac microenvironment have shown promise to influence CPC regenerative functions, while being capable of integrating with host tissue. This review highlights recent developments and limitations in the generation and use of CPCs from stem cells, and the trends that influence the direction of research to promote better application of CPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barreto
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | | | - Teresa Schiatti
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Vinoj George
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
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Wang Y, Xu J, Meyers CA, Gao Y, Tian Y, Broderick K, Peault B, James AW. PDGFRα marks distinct perivascular populations with different osteogenic potential within adipose tissue. Stem Cells 2019; 38:276-290. [PMID: 31742801 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The perivascular niche within adipose tissue is known to house multipotent cells, including osteoblast precursors. However, the identity of perivascular subpopulations that may mineralize or ossify most readily is not known. Here, we utilize inducible PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor alpha) reporter animals to identify subpopulations of perivascular progenitor cells. Results showed that PDGFRα-expressing cells are present in four histologic niches within inguinal fat, including two perivascular locations. PDGFRα+ cells are most frequent within the tunica adventitia of arteries and veins, where PDGFRα+ cells populate the inner aspects of the adventitial layer. Although both PDGFRα+ and PDGFRα- fractions are multipotent progenitor cells, adipose tissue-derived PDGFRα+ stromal cells proliferate faster and mineralize to a greater degree than their PDGFRα- counterparts. Likewise, PDGFRα+ ectopic implants reconstitute the perivascular niche and ossify to a greater degree than PDGFRα- cell fractions. Adventicytes can be further grouped into three distinct groups based on expression of PDGFRα and/or CD34. When further partitioned, adventicytes co-expressing PDGFRα and CD34 represented a cell fraction with the highest mineralization potential. Long-term tracing studies showed that PDGFRα-expressing adventicytes give rise to adipocytes, but not to other cells within the vessel wall under homeostatic conditions. However, upon bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ossicle formation, descendants of PDGFRα+ cells gave rise to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and "pericyte-like" cells within the ossicle. In sum, PDGFRα marks distinct perivascular osteoprogenitor cell subpopulations within adipose tissue. The identification of perivascular osteoprogenitors may contribute to our improved understanding of pathologic mineralization/ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn A Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yongxing Gao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristen Broderick
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bruno Peault
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California.,Center for Cardiovascular Science and MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, California
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