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Luo X, Cai Y, Yue X, Zhang Y, Yun F, Li F. Full characterization of vector eigenstates in symmetrically confined systems with photonic spin-orbit coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27749-27760. [PMID: 37710843 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The photonic spin-orbit (SO) coupling is a widely investigated effect in optical microcavities leading to various interesting physical phenomena and potential applications. We report the full sets of eigenenergies and eigenstates in a symmetrically confined potential under the effect of SO coupling induced by the transverse-electric transverse-magnetic (TE-TM) splitting, which are derived analytically via the degenerate perturbation theory. We obtained the eigenenergies and the eigenstates from the 1st to the 6th orders of excited manifold, and demonstrate unambiguously that universal rules governing the mode formation exist in such complicated photonic systems, making the modes exhibiting the features of solid and hollow skyrmions as well as spin vortices. We show that these eigenstates can be described by the SO coupled hyperspheres that can be decomposed into a series of higher-order Poincare spheres. Our results significantly extend the area of microcavity spin-optronics to the general theory of eigenvalues in confined systems, and provide an efficient theoretical frame for the information processing using microcavity-based high-dimensional vector states.
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2
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Zheng JC, Li PB. Few-photon isolation in a one-dimensional waveguide using chiral quantum coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21881-21898. [PMID: 37381275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transmission of single and two photons in a one-dimensional waveguide that is coupled with a Kerr micro-ring resonator and a polarized quantum emitter. In both cases, a phase shift occurs, and the non-reciprocal behavior of the system is attributed to the unbalanced coupling between the quantum emitter and the resonator. Our analytical solutions and numerical simulations demonstrate that the nonlinear resonator scattering causes the energy redistribution of the two photons through the bound state. When the system is in the two-photon resonance state, the polarization of the correlated two photons is locked to their propagation direction, leading to non-reciprocity. As a result, our configuration can act as an optical diode.
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3
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Carfagno HS, McCabe LN, Zide JMO, Doty MF. A sleeve and bulk method for fabrication of photonic structures with features on multiple length scales. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:035302. [PMID: 36130532 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional photonic structures such as photonic crystals utilize (a) large arrays of small features with the same size and pitch and (b) a small number of larger features such as diffraction outcouplers. In conventional nanofabrication, separate lithography and etch steps are used for small and large features in order to employ process parameters that lead to optimal pattern transfer and side-wall profiles for each feature-size category, thereby overcoming challenges associated with reactive ion etching lag. This approach cannot be scaled to more complex photonic structures such as those emerging from inverse design protocols. Those structures include features with a large range of sizes such that no distinction between small and large can be made. We develop a sleeve and bulk etch protocol that can be employed to simultaneously pattern features over a wide range of sizes while preserving the desired pattern transfer fidelity and sidewall profiles. This approach reduces the time required to develop a robust process flow, simplifies the fabrication of devices with wider ranges of feature sizes, and enables the fabrication of devices with increasingly complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Carfagno
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - L N McCabe
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - J M O Zide
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - M F Doty
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, United States of America
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4
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Singh H, Farfurnik D, Luo Z, Bracker AS, Carter SG, Waks E. Optical Transparency Induced by a Largely Purcell Enhanced Quantum Dot in a Polarization-Degenerate Cavity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7959-7964. [PMID: 36129824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optically active spin systems coupled to photonic cavities with high cooperativity can generate strong light-matter interactions, a key ingredient in quantum networks. However, obtaining high cooperativities for quantum information processing often involves the use of photonic crystal cavities that feature a poor optical access from the free space, especially to circularly polarized light required for the coherent control of the spin. Here, we demonstrate coupling with a cooperativity as high as 8 of an InAs/GaAs quantum dot to a fabricated bullseye cavity that provides nearly degenerate and Gaussian polarization modes for efficient optical accessing. We observe spontaneous emission lifetimes of the quantum dot as short as 80 ps (an ∼15 Purcell enhancement) and a ∼80% transparency of light reflected from the cavity. Leveraging the induced transparency for photon switching while coherently controlling the quantum dot spin could contribute to ongoing efforts of establishing quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Singh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Demitry Farfurnik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhouchen Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Allan S Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Samuel G Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Plasmonic phenomena in molecular junctions: principles and applications. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:681-704. [PMID: 37117494 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular junctions are building blocks for constructing future nanoelectronic devices that enable the investigation of a broad range of electronic transport properties within nanoscale regions. Crossing both the nanoscopic and mesoscopic length scales, plasmonics lies at the intersection of the macroscopic photonics and nanoelectronics, owing to their capability of confining light to dimensions far below the diffraction limit. Research activities on plasmonic phenomena in molecular electronics started around 2010, and feedback between plasmons and molecular junctions has increased over the past years. These efforts can provide new insights into the near-field interaction and the corresponding tunability in properties, as well as resultant plasmon-based molecular devices. This Review presents the latest advancements of plasmonic resonances in molecular junctions and details the progress in plasmon excitation and plasmon coupling. We also highlight emerging experimental approaches to unravel the mechanisms behind the various types of light-matter interactions at molecular length scales, where quantum effects come into play. Finally, we discuss the potential of these plasmonic-electronic hybrid systems across various future applications, including sensing, photocatalysis, molecular trapping and active control of molecular switches.
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6
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Tran KX, Bracker AS, Yakes MK, Grim JQ, Carter SG. Enhanced Spin Coherence of a Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Molecule at the Optimal Electrical Bias. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:027403. [PMID: 35867431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.027403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A pair of coupled dots with one electron in each dot can provide improvements in spin coherence, particularly at an electrical bias called the "sweet spot," but few measurements have been performed on self-assembled dots in this regime. Here, we directly measure the T_{2}^{*} coherence time of the singlet-triplet states in this system as a function of bias and magnetic field, obtaining a maximum T_{2}^{*} of 60 ns, more than an order of magnitude higher than an electron spin in a single quantum dot. Our results uncover two main dephasing mechanisms: electrical noise away from the sweet spot, and a magnetic field dependent interaction with nuclear spins due to a difference in g factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kha X Tran
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Allan S Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Michael K Yakes
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Joel Q Grim
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - Samuel G Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
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7
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Richter M, Hughes S. Enhanced TEMPO Algorithm for Quantum Path Integrals with Off-Diagonal System-Bath Coupling: Applications to Photonic Quantum Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167403. [PMID: 35522504 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multitime system correlation functions are relevant in various areas of physics and science, dealing with system-bath interaction including spectroscopy and quantum optics, where many of these schemes include an off-diagonal system bath interaction. Here we extend the enhanced time-evolving matrix product operator (eTEMPO) algorithm for quantum path integrals using tensor networks [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 240602 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.240602 to open quantum systems with off-diagonal coupling beyond a single two level system. We exemplify the approach on a coupled cavity waveguide system with spatially separated quantum two-state emitters, though many other applications in material science are possible, including entangled photon propagation, photosynthesis spectroscopy, and on-chip quantum optics with realistic dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Richter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Nichtlineare Optik und Quantenelektronik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, EW 7-1, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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8
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Phonon-assisted relaxation between triplet and singlet states in a self-assembled double quantum dot. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15256. [PMID: 34315967 PMCID: PMC8316559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We study theoretically phonon-induced spin dynamics of two electrons confined in a self-assembled double quantum dot. We calculate the transition rates and time evolution of occupations for the spin-triplet and spin-singlet states. We characterize the relative importance of various relaxation channels, including two-phonon processes, as a function of the electric and magnetic fields. The simulations are based on a model combining the eight-band [Formula: see text] method and configuration-interaction approach. We show that the electron g-factor mismatch between the Zeeman doublets localized on different dots opens a relatively fast triplet-singlet phonon-assisted relaxation channel. We also demonstrate, that the relaxation near the triplet-singlet anticrossing is slowed down up to several orders of magnitude due to vanishing of some relaxation channels.
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9
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Löbl MC, Spinnler C, Javadi A, Zhai L, Nguyen GN, Ritzmann J, Midolo L, Lodahl P, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Warburton RJ. Radiative Auger process in the single-photon limit. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:558-562. [PMID: 32541943 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a multi-electron atom, an excited electron can decay by emitting a photon. Typically, the leftover electrons are in their ground state. In a radiative Auger process, the leftover electrons are in an excited state and a redshifted photon is created1-4. In a semiconductor quantum dot, radiative Auger is predicted for charged excitons5. Here we report the observation of radiative Auger on trions in single quantum dots. For a trion, a photon is created on electron-hole recombination, leaving behind a single electron. The radiative Auger process promotes this additional (Auger) electron to a higher shell of the quantum dot. We show that the radiative Auger effect is a powerful probe of this single electron: the energy separations between the resonance fluorescence and the radiative Auger emission directly measure the single-particle splittings of the electronic states in the quantum dot with high precision. In semiconductors, these single-particle splittings are otherwise hard to access by optical means as particles are excited typically in pairs, as excitons. After the radiative Auger emission, the Auger carrier relaxes back to the lowest shell. Going beyond the original theoretical proposals, we show how applying quantum optics techniques to the radiative Auger photons gives access to the single-electron dynamics, notably relaxation and tunnelling. This is also hard to access by optical means: even for quasi-resonant p-shell excitation, electron relaxation takes place in the presence of a hole, complicating the relaxation dynamics. The radiative Auger effect can be exploited in other semiconductor nanostructures and quantum emitters in the solid state to determine the energy levels and the dynamics of a single carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Löbl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Liang Zhai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giang N Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Ritzmann
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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10
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Kim H, Kyhm K, Taylor RA, Kim JS, Song JD, Park S. Optical shaping of the polarization anisotropy in a laterally coupled quantum dot dimer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:100. [PMID: 32566170 PMCID: PMC7286917 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We find that the emission from laterally coupled quantum dots is strongly polarized along the coupled direction [11 ¯ 0], and its polarization anisotropy can be shaped by changing the orientation of the polarized excitation. When the nonresonant excitation is linearly polarized perpendicular to the coupled direction [110], excitons (X1 and X2) and local biexcitons (X1X1 and X2X2) from the two separate quantum dots (QD1 and QD2) show emission anisotropy with a small degree of polarization (10%). On the other hand, when the excitation polarization is parallel to the coupled direction [11 ¯ 0], the polarization anisotropy of excitons, local biexcitons, and coupled biexcitons (X1X2) is enhanced with a degree of polarization of 74%. We also observed a consistent anisotropy in the time-resolved photoluminescence. The decay rate of the polarized photoluminescence intensity along the coupled direction is relatively high, but the anisotropic decay rate can be modified by changing the orientation of the polarized excitation. An energy difference is also observed between the polarized emission spectra parallel and perpendicular to the coupled direction, and it increases by up to three times by changing the excitation polarization orientation from [110] to [11 ¯ 0]. These results suggest that the dipole-dipole interaction across the two separate quantum dots is mediated and that the anisotropic wavefunctions of the excitons and biexcitons are shaped by the excitation polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heedae Kim
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, China
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - Kwangseuk Kyhm
- Department of Opto-mechatronics, Pusan Nat’l University, Busan, 609-735 Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A. Taylor
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - Jong Su Kim
- Department of Physics, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Nano-Photonics Research Center, KIST, Seoul, 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan Nat’l University, Busan, 609-735 Republic of Korea
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11
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Carter SG, Bracker AS, Yakes MK, Zalalutdinov MK, Kim M, Kim CS, Lee B, Gammon D. Tunable Coupling of a Double Quantum Dot Spin System to a Mechanical Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6166-6172. [PMID: 31389244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of quantum systems with mechanical resonators is of practical interest for applications in quantum information and sensing and also of fundamental interest as hybrid quantum systems. Achieving a large and tunable interaction strength is of great importance in this field as it enables controlled access to the quantum limit of motion and coherent interactions between different quantum systems. This has been challenging with solid state spins, where typically the coupling is weak and cannot be tuned. Here we use pairs of coupled quantum dots embedded within cantilevers to achieve a high coupling strength of the singlet-triplet spin system to mechanical motion through strain. Two methods of achieving strong, tunable coupling are demonstrated. The first is through different strain-induced energy shifts for the two QDs when the cantilever vibrates, resulting in changes to the exchange interaction. The second is through a laser-driven AC Stark shift that is sensitive to strain-induced shifts of the optical transitions. Both of these mechanisms can be tuned to zero with electrical bias or laser power, respectively, and give large spin-mechanical coupling strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Allan S Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Michael K Yakes
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | | | - Mijin Kim
- KeyW Corporation , 7740 Milestone Parkway, Suite 150 , Hanover , Maryland 21076 , United States
| | - Chul Soo Kim
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Bumsu Lee
- NRC Research Associate at the Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
| | - Daniel Gammon
- Naval Research Laboratory , Washington , DC 20375 , United States
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12
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Kawa K, Machnikowski P. Spin-orbit-induced hole spin relaxation in a quantum dot molecule: the effect of s-p coupling. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:355304. [PMID: 31121571 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of the coupling between the hole s shell of one quantum dot and the p shell in the other dot forming a vertically stacked self-assembled quantum dot molecule on the spin relaxation between the sublevels of the hole s state. Using an effective model that captures the spin-orbit effects in the p shell irrespective of their origin, we show that the strong spin mixing in the p shell can be transferred to the s shell of the other dot, leading to enhanced spin relaxation in a certain energy range around the s-p resonance if the dots are misaligned and the magnetic field is tilted from the sample plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kawa
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Grim JQ, Bracker AS, Zalalutdinov M, Carter SG, Kozen AC, Kim M, Kim CS, Mlack JT, Yakes M, Lee B, Gammon D. Scalable in operando strain tuning in nanophotonic waveguides enabling three-quantum-dot superradiance. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:963-969. [PMID: 31285618 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quest for an integrated quantum optics platform has motivated the field of semiconductor quantum dot research for two decades. Demonstrations of quantum light sources, single photon switches, transistors and spin-photon interfaces have become very advanced. Yet the fundamental problem that every quantum dot is different prevents integration and scaling beyond a few quantum dots. Here, we address this challenge by patterning strain via local phase transitions to selectively tune individual quantum dots that are embedded in a photonic architecture. The patterning is implemented with in operando laser crystallization of a thin HfO2 film 'sheath' on the surface of a GaAs waveguide. Using this approach, we tune InAs quantum dot emission energies over the full inhomogeneous distribution with a step size down to the homogeneous linewidth and a spatial resolution better than 1 µm. Using these capabilities, we tune multiple quantum dots into resonance within the same waveguide and demonstrate a quantum interaction via superradiant emission from three quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Q Grim
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chul Soo Kim
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Bumsu Lee
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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14
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Gimeno-Segovia M, Rudolph T, Economou SE. Deterministic Generation of Large-Scale Entangled Photonic Cluster State from Interacting Solid State Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:070501. [PMID: 31491104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create large highly entangled "cluster" states is crucial for measurement-based quantum computing. We show that deterministic multiphoton entanglement can be created from coupled solid state quantum emitters without the need for any two-qubit gates and regardless of whether the emitters are identical. In particular, we present a general method for controlled entanglement creation by making direct use of the always-on exchange interaction, in combination with single-qubit operations. This is used to provide a recipe for the generation of two-dimensional, cluster-state entangled photons that can be carried out with existing experimental capabilities in quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gimeno-Segovia
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia E Economou
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia 24061, USA
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15
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Wang Y, Ye H, Yu Z, Liu Y, Xu W. Sub-Poissonian photon statistics in quantum dot-metal nanoparticles hybrid system with gain media. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10088. [PMID: 31300684 PMCID: PMC6626052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate the sub-Poissonian photon statistics in gain-assisted quantum dot-metal nanoparticles (QD-MNPs) hybrid system with nanoscale footprint. The gain media is introduced to reduce the dissipation of localized surface plasmons and consequently the quality factor of MNPs is improved by adjusting the gain coefficient. Simulated by finite element method (FEM), the Fano resonance is observed in the absorption cross section spectrum of the hybrid system. Considering MNPs and gain media together as a single mode cavity, the system is investigated within the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics by fitting necessary parameters with FEM. The numerical results show that the coupling between QD and MNPs falls in strong coupling regime and zero delay second-order autocorrelation function g2(0) = 0.356 can be achieved with proper choice of gain coefficient. Moreover, the sub-Poissonian photon statistics can be maintained in a large variation range of gain coefficient and a certain degree of detuning between QD and cavity is allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Han Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Yumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Science and Technology on Optical Radiation Laboratory, Beijing, 100854, China
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16
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Liu K, Berbezier I, Favre L, Ronda A, Abbarchi M, Donnadieu P, Voorhees PW, Aqua JN. Capillary-driven elastic attraction between quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7798-7804. [PMID: 30957818 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00238c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel self-assembly route to align SiGe quantum dots. By a combination of theoretical analyses and experimental investigation, we show that epitaxial SiGe quantum dots can cluster in ordered closely packed assemblies, revealing an attractive phenomenon. We compute nucleation energy barriers, accounting for elastic effects between quantum dots through both elastic energy and strain-dependent surface energy. If the former is mostly repulsive, we show that the decrease in the surface energy close to an existing island reduces the nucleation barrier. It subsequently increases the probability of nucleation close to an existing island, and turns out to be equivalent to an effective attraction between dots. We show by Monte-Carlo simulations that this effect describes well the experimental results, revealing a new mechanism ruling self-organisation of quantum dots. Such a generic process could be observed in various heterogeneous systems and could pave the way for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Liu
- Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanoscience de Provence, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 6242, 13997 Marseille, France
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17
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Carter SG, Bracker AS, Bryant GW, Kim M, Kim CS, Zalalutdinov MK, Yakes MK, Czarnocki C, Casara J, Scheibner M, Gammon D. Spin-Mechanical Coupling of an InAs Quantum Dot Embedded in a Mechanical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:246801. [PMID: 30608739 PMCID: PMC6527321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.246801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate strain-induced coupling between a hole spin in a quantum dot and mechanical motion of a cantilever. The optical transitions of quantum dots integrated into GaAs mechanical resonators are measured synchronously with the motion of the driven resonators. In a Voigt magnetic field, both electron and hole spin splittings are measured, showing negligible change for the electron spin but a large change for the hole spin of up to 36%. This large effect is attributed to the stronger spin orbit interaction of holes compared to electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. G. Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - A. S. Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - G. W. Bryant
- Quantum Measurement Division and Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - M. Kim
- KeyW corporation, Hanover, Maryland 21076, USA
| | - C. S. Kim
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | | | - M. K. Yakes
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - C. Czarnocki
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - J. Casara
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - M. Scheibner
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - D. Gammon
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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18
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Pursley BC, Carter SG, Yakes MK, Bracker AS, Gammon D. Picosecond pulse shaping of single photons using quantum dots. Nat Commun 2018; 9:115. [PMID: 29317640 PMCID: PMC5760648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are an excellent single-photon source that can be combined with a spin quantum memory. Many quantum technologies require increased control over the characteristics of emitted photons. A powerful approach is to trigger coherent Raman photons from QDs with a Λ energy-level system, such as the spin singlet–triplet system in two coupled QDs. The temporal and spectral behavior of single Raman photons can be varied simply by modifying the excitation source. Here, we demonstrate control of the single-photon pulse shape in a solid-state system on a timescale much shorter than the radiative lifetime, in addition to control of the frequency and bandwidth. We achieve a photon pulse width of 80 ps—an order of magnitude shorter than the exciton lifetime. Possible applications include time-bin encoding of quantum information, matching photons from different sources, and efficient single-photon transfer in a quantum network. Tailoring single photons’ pulse shapes could have applications such as time-bin encoding or interfacing different photon emitters. Here, the authors achieve pulse shaping of Raman single photons from InGaAs quantum dots on a picosecond timescale, much shorter than the radiative lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Pursley
- NRC Research Associate residing at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - S G Carter
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA.
| | - M K Yakes
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - A S Bracker
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - D Gammon
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
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19
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Chang IY, Kim D, Hyeon-Deuk K. Control of Multiple Exciton Generation and Electron-Phonon Coupling by Interior Nanospace in Hyperstructured Quantum Dot Superlattice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32080-32088. [PMID: 28838230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of precisely manipulating interior nanospace, which can be adjusted by ligand-attaching down to the subnanometer regime, in a hyperstructured quantum dot (QD) superlattice (QDSL) induces a new kind of collective resonant coupling among QDs and opens up new opportunities for developing advanced optoelectric and photovoltaic devices. Here, we report the first real-time dynamics simulations of the multiple exciton generation (MEG) in one-, two-, and three-dimensional (1D, 2D, and 3D) hyperstructured H-passivated Si QDSLs, accounting for thermally fluctuating band energies and phonon dynamics obtained by finite-temperature ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We computationally demonstrated that the MEG was significantly accelerated, especially in the 3D QDSL compared to the 1D and 2D QDSLs. The MEG acceleration in the 3D QDSL was almost 1.9 times the isolated QD case. The dimension-dependent MEG acceleration was attributed not only to the static density of states but also to the dynamical electron-phonon couplings depending on the dimensionality of the hyperstructured QDSL, which is effectively controlled by the interior nanospace. Such dimension-dependent modifications originated from the short-range quantum resonance among component QDs and were intrinsic to the hyperstructured QDSL. We propose that photoexcited dynamics including the MEG process can be effectively controlled by only manipulating the interior nanospace of the hyperstructured QDSL without changing component QD size, shape, compositions, ligand, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ya Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - DaeGwi Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka City University , Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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20
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Morse KJ, Abraham RJS, DeAbreu A, Bowness C, Richards TS, Riemann H, Abrosimov NV, Becker P, Pohl HJ, Thewalt MLW, Simmons S. A photonic platform for donor spin qubits in silicon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700930. [PMID: 28782032 PMCID: PMC5529058 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Donor spins in silicon are highly competitive qubits for upcoming quantum technologies, offering complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility, coherence (T2) times of minutes to hours, and simultaneous initialization, manipulation, and readout fidelities near ~99.9%. This allows for many quantum error correction protocols, which will be essential for scale-up. However, a proven method of reliably coupling spatially separated donor qubits has yet to be identified. We present a scalable silicon-based platform using the unique optical properties of "deep" chalcogen donors. For the prototypical 77Se+ donor, we measure lower bounds on the transition dipole moment and excited-state lifetime, enabling access to the strong coupling limit of cavity quantum electrodynamics using known silicon photonic resonator technology and integrated silicon photonics. We also report relatively strong photon emission from this same transition. These results unlock clear pathways for silicon-based quantum computing, spin-to-photon conversion, photonic memories, integrated single-photon sources, and all-optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Morse
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Rohan J. S. Abraham
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Adam DeAbreu
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Camille Bowness
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Timothy S. Richards
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Helge Riemann
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Becker
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Braunschweig, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Michael L. W. Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Simmons
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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21
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Peng Y, Yang A, Xu Y, Wang P, Yu Y, Guo H, Ren T. Tunneling induced absorption with competing Nonlinearities. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38251. [PMID: 27958303 PMCID: PMC5153664 DOI: 10.1038/srep38251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate tunneling induced nonlinear absorption phenomena in a coupled quantum-dot system. Resonant tunneling causes constructive interference in the nonlinear absorption that leads to an increase of more than an order of magnitude over the maximum absorption in a coupled quantum dot system without tunneling. Resonant tunneling also leads to a narrowing of the linewidth of the absorption peak to a sublinewidth level. Analytical expressions show that the enhanced nonlinear absorption is largely due to the fifth-order nonlinear term. Competition between third- and fifth-order nonlinearities leads to an anomalous dispersion of the total susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Aihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Hongju Guo
- Physics Research Laboratory, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Tingqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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