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Xu W, Lv C, Zhou Q. Multipolar condensates and multipolar Josephson effects. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4786. [PMID: 38839836 PMCID: PMC11153559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
When single-particle dynamics are suppressed in certain strongly correlated systems, dipoles arise as elementary carriers of quantum kinetics. These dipoles can further condense, providing physicists with a rich realm to study fracton phases of matter. Whereas recent theoretical discoveries have shown that an unconventional lattice model may host a dipole condensate as the ground state, we show that dipole condensates prevail in bosonic systems due to a self-proximity effect. Our findings allow experimentalists to manipulate the phase of a dipole condensate and deliver dipolar Josephson effects, where supercurrents of dipoles arise in the absence of particle flows. The self-proximity effects can also be utilized to produce a generic multipolar condensate. The kinetics of the n-th order multipoles unavoidably creates a condensate of the (n + 1)-th order multipoles, forming a hierarchy of multipolar condensates that will offer physicists a whole new class of macroscopic quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chenwei Lv
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Sur S, Xu Y, Li S, Gong SS, Nevidomskyy AH. Field-Induced Non-BEC Transitions in Frustrated Magnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:066701. [PMID: 38394558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.066701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Frustrated spin systems have traditionally proven challenging to understand, owing to a scarcity of controlled methods for their analyses. By contrast, under strong magnetic fields, certain aspects of spin systems admit simpler and universal description in terms of hardcore bosons. The bosonic formalism is anchored by the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), which has helped explain the behaviors of a wide range of magnetic compounds under applied magnetic fields. Here, we focus on the interplay between frustration and externally applied magnetic field to identify instances where the BEC paradigm is no longer applicable. As a representative example, we consider the antiferromagnetic J_{1}-J_{2}-J_{3} model on the square lattice in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field, and demonstrate that the frustration-driven suppression of the Néel order leads to a Lifshitz transition for the hardcore bosons. In the vicinity of the Lifshitz point, the physics becomes unmoored from the BEC paradigm, and the behavior of the system, both at and below the saturation field, is controlled by a Lifshitz multicritical point. We obtain the resultant universal scaling behaviors, and provide strong evidence for the existence of a frustration and magnetic-field driven correlated bosonic liquid state along the entire phase boundary separating the Néel phase from other magnetically ordered states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouvik Sur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Shou-Shu Gong
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan 523000, China, and Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan 523000, China
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Chou YZ, Sau JD. Constrained Motions and Slow Dynamics in One-Dimensional Bosons with Double-Well Dispersion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:046001. [PMID: 38335347 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.046001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate slow dynamics and constrained motion of domain walls in one-dimensional (1D) interacting bosons with double-well dispersion. In the symmetry-broken regime, the domain-wall motion is "fractonlike"-a single domain wall cannot move freely, while two nearby domain walls can move collectively. Consequently, we find an Ohmic-like linear response and a vanishing superfluid stiffness, which are atypical for a Bose condensate in a 1D translation invariant closed quantum system. Near Lifshitz quantum critical point, we obtain superfluid stiffness ρ_{s}∼T and sound velocity v_{s}∼T^{1/2}, showing similar unconventional low-temperature slow dynamics to the symmetry-broken regime. Particularly, the superfluid stiffness suggests an order by disorder effect as ρ_{s} increases with temperature. Our results pave the way for studying fractons in ultracold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zhi Chou
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jay D Sau
- Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Ramezani G, Stiharu I, van de Ven TGM, Nerguizian V. Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose-Physical Properties. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:82. [PMID: 38258201 PMCID: PMC10819598 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in integrating two-dimensional (2D) materials with cellulose to enhance biosensing technology. The incorporation of 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, along with nanocellulose, improves the sensitivity, stability, and flexibility of biosensors. Practical applications of these advanced biosensors are explored in fields like medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This innovative approach is driving research opportunities and expanding the possibilities for diverse applications in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| | - Vahe Nerguizian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
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Chen W, Huang CJ, Zhu Q. Searching for Unconventional Superfluid in Excitons of Monolayer Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:236004. [PMID: 38134763 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that two-dimensional (2D) bosons in homogeneous space cannot undergo real Bose-Einstein condensation, and the superfluid to normal phase transition is Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) type, associated with vortex-antivortex pair unbinding. Here we point out a 2D bosonic system whose low energy physics goes beyond conventional paradigm of 2D homogeneous bosons, i.e., intralayer excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides. With intrinsic valley-orbit coupling and valley Zeeman energy, exciton dispersion becomes linear at small momentum, giving rise to a series of novel features. The critical temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation of these excitons is nonzero, suggesting true long-range order in 2D homogeneous system. The dispersion of Goldstone mode at long wavelength has the form ϵ(q)∼sqrt[q], in contrast to conventional linear phonon spectrum. The vortex energy deviates from the usual logarithmic form with respect to system size, but instead has an additional linear term. Superfluid to normal phase transition is no longer BKT type for system size beyond a characteristic scale, without discontinuous jump in superfluid density. With the recent experimental progress on exciton fluid at thermal equilibrium in monolayer semiconductors, our work points out an experimentally accessible system to search for unconventional 2D superfluids beyond BKT paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun-Jiong Huang
- Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qizhong Zhu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Cole WS, Lee J, Mahmud KW, Alavirad Y, Spielman IB, Sau JD. Emergent gauge field and the Lifshitz transition of spin-orbit coupled bosons in one dimension. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7471. [PMID: 31097782 PMCID: PMC6522559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of strong spin-independent interactions and spin-orbit coupling, we show that the spinor Bose liquid confined to one spatial dimension undergoes an interaction- or density-tuned quantum phase transition similar to one theoretically proposed for itinerant magnetic solid-state systems. The order parameter describes broken Z2 inversion symmetry, with the ordered phase accompanied by non-vanishing momentum which is generated by fluctuations of an emergent dynamical gauge field at the phase transition. This quantum phase transition has dynamical critical exponent z ≃ 2, typical of a Lifshitz transition, but is described by a nontrivial interacting fixed point. From direct numerical simulation of the microscopic model, we extract previously unknown critical exponents for this fixed point. Our model describes a realistic situation of 1D ultracold atoms with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling, establishing this system as a platform for studying exotic critical behavior of the Hertz-Millis type.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Cole
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Junhyun Lee
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Khan W Mahmud
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yahya Alavirad
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - I B Spielman
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jay D Sau
- Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Zhang SL, Lang LJ, Zhou Q. Chiral d-Wave Superfluid in Periodically Driven Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:225301. [PMID: 26650309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.225301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A chiral d-wave superfluid is a preliminary example of interacting topological matter. However, unlike s-wave superfluids prevalent in nature, its existence requires a strong d-wave interaction, a criterion that is difficult to access in ordinary systems. There is no experimental observation of such unconventional superfluid at the moment. Here, we present a new principle for creating a two-dimensional (2D) chiral d-wave superfluid using periodically driven lattices. Because of an imprinted 2D pseudospin-orbit coupling, where the sublattice index serves as the pseudospin, the s-wave interaction between two hyperfine spin states naturally creates a chiral d-wave superfluid. This scheme can be directly implemented in current experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Jun Lang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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