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Sager HB, Hulsmans M, Lavine KJ, Moreira MB, Heidt T, Courties G, Sun Y, Iwamoto Y, Tricot B, Khan OF, Dahlman JE, Borodovsky A, Fitzgerald K, Anderson DG, Weissleder R, Libby P, Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M. Proliferation and Recruitment Contribute to Myocardial Macrophage Expansion in Chronic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2016; 119:853-64. [PMID: 27444755 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophages reside in the healthy myocardium, participate in ischemic heart disease, and modulate myocardial infarction (MI) healing. Their origin and roles in post-MI remodeling of nonischemic remote myocardium, however, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the number, origin, phenotype, and function of remote cardiac macrophages residing in the nonischemic myocardium in mice with chronic heart failure after coronary ligation. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight weeks post MI, fate mapping and flow cytometry revealed that a 2.9-fold increase in remote macrophages results from both increased local macrophage proliferation and monocyte recruitment. Heart failure produced by extensive MI, through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, expanded medullary and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Circulating Ly6C(high) monocytes rose from 64±5 to 108±9 per microliter of blood (P<0.05). Cardiac monocyte recruitment declined in Ccr2(-/-) mice, reducing macrophage numbers in the failing myocardium. Mechanical strain of primary murine and human macrophage cultures promoted cell cycle entry, suggesting that the increased wall tension in post-MI heart failure stimulates local macrophage proliferation. Strained cells activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, whereas specific inhibitors of this pathway reduced macrophage proliferation in strained cell cultures and in the failing myocardium (P<0.05). Steady-state cardiac macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages, and locally sourced macrophages isolated from failing myocardium expressed different genes in a pattern distinct from the M1/M2 macrophage polarization paradigm. In vivo silencing of endothelial cell adhesion molecules curbed post-MI monocyte recruitment to the remote myocardium and preserved ejection fraction (27.4±2.4 versus 19.1±2%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial failure is influenced by an altered myeloid cell repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik B Sager
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.).
| | - Maarten Hulsmans
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Kory J Lavine
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Marina B Moreira
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Timo Heidt
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Gabriel Courties
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Benoit Tricot
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Omar F Khan
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - James E Dahlman
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Anna Borodovsky
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Kevin Fitzgerald
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Department of Imaging (H.B.S., M.H., T.H., G.C., Y.S., Y.I., B.T., R.W., F.K.S., M.N.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MS (K.J.L.); Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.B.M., P.L.); Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Germany (T.H.); Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.); David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research (O.F.K., J.E.D., D.G.A.) and Department of Chemical Engineering (D.G.A.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA (A.B., K.F.); and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.W.).
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