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Pitsava G, Feldkamp ML, Pankratz N, Lane J, Kay DM, Conway KM, Hobbs C, Shaw GM, Reefhuis J, Jenkins MM, Almli LM, Moore C, Werler M, Browne ML, Cunniff C, Olshan AF, Pangilinan F, Brody LC, Sicko RJ, Finnell RH, Bamshad MJ, McGoldrick D, Nickerson DA, Mullikin JC, Romitti PA, Mills JL. Exome sequencing identifies variants in infants with sacral agenesis. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:215-227. [PMID: 35274497 PMCID: PMC9338687 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacral agenesis (SA) consists of partial or complete absence of the caudal end of the spine and often presents with additional birth defects. Several studies have examined gene variants for syndromic forms of SA, but only one has examined exomes of children with non-syndromic SA. METHODS Using buccal cell specimens from families of children with non-syndromic SA, exomes of 28 child-parent trios (eight with and 20 without a maternal diagnosis of pregestational diabetes) and two child-father duos (neither with diagnosis of maternal pregestational diabetes) were exome sequenced. RESULTS Three children had heterozygous missense variants in ID1 (Inhibitor of DNA Binding 1), with CADD scores >20 (top 1% of deleterious variants in the genome); two children inherited the variant from their fathers and one from the child's mother. Rare missense variants were also detected in PDZD2 (PDZ Domain Containing 2; N = 1) and SPTBN5 (Spectrin Beta, Non-erythrocytic 5; N = 2), two genes previously suggested to be associated with SA etiology. Examination of variants with autosomal recessive and X-linked recessive inheritance identified five and two missense variants, respectively. Compound heterozygous variants were identified in several genes. In addition, 12 de novo variants were identified, all in different genes in different children. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a possible association between ID1 and non-syndromic SA. Although maternal pregestational diabetes has been strongly associated with SA, the missense variants in ID1 identified in two of three children were paternally inherited. These findings add to the knowledge of gene variants associated with non-syndromic SA and provide data for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Pitsava
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcia L. Feldkamp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, 295 Chipeta Way, Suite 2S010, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Denise M. Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kristin M. Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Charlotte Hobbs
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary M. Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lynn M. Almli
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia Moore
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha Werler
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Marilyn L. Browne
- New York State Department of Health, Birth Defects Registry, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Chris Cunniff
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence C. Brody
- Gene and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert J. Sicko
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel McGoldrick
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James C. Mullikin
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James L. Mills
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Xu F, Chen Y, Tillman KA, Cui Y, Williams RW, Bhattacharya SK, Lu L, Sun Y. Characterizing modifier genes of cardiac fibrosis phenotype in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2021; 330:135-141. [PMID: 33529666 PMCID: PMC8105878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical phenotypes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) vary greatly even among patients with the same gene mutations. This variability is largely regulated by unidentified modifier loci. The purpose of the study is to identify modifier genes for cardiac fibrosis-a major phenotype of HCM-using the BXD family, a murine cohort. METHODS The relative severity of cardiac fibrosis was estimated by quantitation of cardiac collagen volume fraction (CCVF) across 66 members of the BXD family. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for cardiac fibrosis was done using GeneNetwork. Candidate modifier loci and genes associated with fibrosis were prioritized based on an explicit scoring system. Networks of correlation between fibrosis and cardiac transcriptomes were evaluated to generate causal models of disease susceptibility. RESULTS CCVF levels varied greatly within this family. Interval mapping identified a significant CCVF-related QTL on chromosome (Chr) 2 in males, and a significant QTL on Chr 4 Mb in females. The scoring system highlighted two strong candidate genes in the Chr 2 locus-Nek6 and Nr6a1. Both genes are highly expressed in the heart. Cardiac Nek6 mRNA levels are significantly correlated with CCVF. Nipsnap3b and Fktn are lead candidate genes for the Chr 4 locus, and both are also highly expressed in heart. Cardiac Nipsnap3b gene expression correlates well with CCVF. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that candidate modifier genes of cardiac fibrosis phenotype in HCM are different in males and females. Nek6 and Nr6a1 are strong candidates in males, while Nipsnap3b and Fktn are top candidates in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yuanjian Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin A Tillman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yan Cui
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert W Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Syamal K Bhattacharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Lu Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
| | - Yao Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
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3
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Inhibitor of DNA binding in heart development and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:51. [PMID: 31126344 PMCID: PMC6534900 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Id proteins, inhibitors of DNA binding, are transcription regulators containing a highly conserved helix-loop-helix domain. During multiple stages of normal cardiogenesis, Id proteins play major roles in early development and participate in the differentiation and proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells and mature cardiomyocytes. The fact that a depletion of Ids can cause a variety of defects in cardiac structure and conduction function is further evidence of their involvement in heart development. Multiple signalling pathways and growth factors are involved in the regulation of Ids in a cell- and tissue- specific manner to affect heart development. Recent studies have demonstrated that Ids are related to multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases, including congenital structural, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia. Although a growing body of research has elucidated the important role of Ids, no comprehensive review has previously compiled these scattered findings. Here, we introduce and summarize the roles of Id proteins in heart development, with the hope that this overview of key findings might shed light on the molecular basis of consequential cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we described the future prospective researches needed to enable advancement in the maintainance of the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, research focusing on increasing embryonic stem cell culture adaptability will help to improve the future therapeutic application of cardiac regeneration.
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4
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Chang C, Zhao Q, Gonzalez JP, Kim JH, Alzahrani K, Del Re D, Fraidenraich D. Hematopoietic Id Deletion Triggers Endomyocardial Fibrotic and Vascular Defects in the Adult Heart. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3079. [PMID: 28596553 PMCID: PMC5465087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins play important roles in regulating cardiac development via paracrine signaling. Id1/Id3 knockout mice die at mid-gestation with multiple cardiac defects. Single Id knockout studies have not reported cardiomyopathies. To bypass embryonic lethality we used Tie2CRE-mediated recombination to conditionally delete Id1 against global Id3 ablation (Id cDKOs), which develops adult-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. We confirm upregulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in Id cDKO hearts. Colocalization studies reveal increased TSP1 expression in the vicinity of endothelial cells and near regions of endocardial fibrosis/disruption. Downstream fibrotic molecules were upregulated. Endocardial capillary density was reduced with evidence of vascular distention. Treatment of Id cDKO cardiac explants with LSKL, a peptide antagonist of TSP1 activation of TGFβ, reversed the increased expression of fibrotic molecules. We conducted bone marrow transplant experiments in which we transferred bone marrow cells from Id cDKO mice into lethally irradiated WT mice. The majority of WT recipients of Id cDKO bone marrow cells phenocopied Id cDKO cardiac fibrosis 4 months post-transplantation. Injection of LSKL into adult Id cDKO mice led to downregulation of fibrotic molecules. The results prompt caution when bone marrow transfers from individuals potentially carrying mutations in the Id axis are applied in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America
| | - J Patrick Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America
| | - Jung H Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America
| | - Kamal Alzahrani
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America
| | - Dominic Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 185 South Orange Avenue/Medical Science Building G-624, Newark, NJ, 07103-2501, United States of America.
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5
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Gonzalez JP, Kyrychenko S, Kyrychenko V, Schneider JS, Granier CJ, Himelman E, Lahey KC, Zhao Q, Yehia G, Tao YX, Bhaumik M, Shirokova N, Fraidenraich D. Small Fractions of Muscular Dystrophy Embryonic Stem Cells Yield Severe Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Defects in Adult Mouse Chimeras. Stem Cells 2016; 35:597-610. [PMID: 27734557 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by the loss of the protein dystrophin, leading to muscle fragility, progressive weakening, and susceptibility to mechanical stress. Although dystrophin-negative mdx mouse models have classically been used to study DMD, phenotypes appear mild compared to patients. As a result, characterization of muscle pathology, especially in the heart, has proven difficult. We report that injection of mdx embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into Wild Type blastocysts produces adult mouse chimeras with severe DMD phenotypes in the heart and skeletal muscle. Inflammation, regeneration and fibrosis are observed at the whole organ level, both in dystrophin-negative and dystrophin-positive portions of the chimeric tissues. Skeletal and cardiac muscle function are also decreased to mdx levels. In contrast to mdx heterozygous carriers, which show no significant phenotypes, these effects are even observed in chimeras with low levels of mdx ESC incorporation (10%-30%). Chimeric mice lack typical compensatory utrophin upregulation, and show pathological remodeling of Connexin-43. In addition, dystrophin-negative and dystrophin-positive isolated cardiomyocytes show augmented calcium response to mechanical stress, similar to mdx cells. These global effects highlight a novel role of mdx ESCs in triggering muscular dystrophy even when only low amounts are present. Stem Cells 2017;35:597-610.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sergii Kyrychenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Viktoriia Kyrychenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joel S Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Celine J Granier
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eric Himelman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin C Lahey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ghassan Yehia
- Genome Editing Core Facility, Office of Research Advancement, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mantu Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Natalia Shirokova
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Castaneda RT, Boddington S, Henning TD, Wendland M, Mandrussow L, Liu S, Daldrup-Link H. Labeling human embryonic stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes for tracking with MR imaging. Pediatr Radiol 2011; 41:1384-92. [PMID: 21594541 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-011-2130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can generate cardiomyocytes (CM), which offer promising treatments for cardiomyopathies in children. However, challenges for clinical translation result from loss of transplanted cell from target sites and high cell death. An imaging technique that noninvasively and repetitively monitors transplanted hESC-CM could guide improvements in transplantation techniques and advance therapies. OBJECTIVE To develop a clinically applicable labeling technique for hESC-CM with FDA-approved superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) by examining labeling before and after CM differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Triplicates of hESC were labeled by simple incubation with 50 μg/ml of ferumoxides before or after differentiation into CM, then imaged on a 7T MR scanner using a T2-weighted multi-echo spin-echo sequence. Viability, iron uptake and T2-relaxation times were compared between groups using t-tests. RESULTS hESC-CM labeled before differentiation demonstrated significant MR effects, iron uptake and preserved function. hESC-CM labeled after differentiation showed no significant iron uptake or change in MR signal (P < 0.05). Morphology, differentiation and viability were consistent between experimental groups. CONCLUSION hESC-CM should be labeled prior to CM differentiation to achieve a significant MR signal. This technique permits monitoring delivery and engraftment of hESC-CM for potential advancements of stem cell-based therapies in the reconstitution of damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda T Castaneda
- Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5654, USA.
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7
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Zhao Q, Beck AJ, Vitale JM, Schneider JS, Chang C, Gao S, del Re D, Bhaumik M, Yehia G, Sadoshima J, Fraidenraich D. Injection of wild type embryonic stem cells into Mst1 transgenic blastocysts prevents adult-onset cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:326-30. [PMID: 21086068 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into a wide range of cell types. We previously described that blastocyst injection of wild type (WT) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into various knockout (KO) mouse models of human disease prevents disease from occurring. In this study we ask if the blastocyst approach can also correct defects in a mouse model of transgenic (Tg) overexpression of a pro-apoptotic factor. We injected ROSA26 (LacZ-marked) WT ESCs into human mammalian sterile 20 like-kinase 1 (Mst1) Tg blastocysts. Mst1 Tg mice overexpress Mst1, a pro-apoptotic factor, in a cardiac-specific manner. As a result, Mst1 Tg mice develop adult dilated cardiomyopathy driven by apoptosis, reduction in cell density and no hypertrophic compensation. Incorporation of WT ESCs generated WT/Mst1 chimeric mice with normal hearts at histological and functional levels. Accordingly, apoptosis and cell density parameters were normalized. The experiments suggest that an adult-onset cardiac myopathy induced by overexpression of the pro-apoptotic Mst1 can be reversed by developmental incorporation of WT ESCs. The findings also suggest that since forced expression of the Mst1 transgene is not abolished in the rescued chimeras, the WT ES-derived cells normalize pathways that lie downstream of Mst1. The results expand the therapeutic capability of the ESCs to mouse models that overproduce detrimental proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, USA
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8
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Zhao Q, Beck AJ, Vitale JM, Schneider JS, Gao S, Chang C, Elson G, Leibovich SJ, Park JY, Tian B, Nam HS, Fraidenraich D. Developmental ablation of Id1 and Id3 genes in the vasculature leads to postnatal cardiac phenotypes. Dev Biol 2010; 349:53-64. [PMID: 20937270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Id1 and Id3 genes play major roles during cardiac development, despite their expression being confined to non-myocardial layers (endocardium-endothelium-epicardium). We previously described that Id1Id3 double knockout (dKO) mouse embryos die at mid-gestation from multiple cardiac defects, but early lethality precluded the studies of the roles of Id in the postnatal heart. To elucidate postnatal roles of Id genes, we ablated the Id3 gene and conditionally ablated the Id1 gene in the endothelium to generate conditional KO (cKO) embryos. We observed cardiac phenotypes at birth and at 6 months of age. Half of the Id cKO mice died at birth. Postnatal demise was associated with cardiac enlargement and defects in the ventricular septum, trabeculation and vasculature. Surviving Id cKO mice exhibited fibrotic vasculature, cardiac enlargement and decreased cardiac function. An abnormal vascular response was also observed in the healing of excisional skin wounds of Id cKO mice. Expression patterns of vascular, fibrotic and hypertrophic markers were altered in the Id cKO hearts, but addition of Insulin-Like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGFbp3) reversed gene expression profiles of vascular and fibrotic, but not hypertrophic markers. Thus, ablation of Id genes in the vasculature leads to distinct postnatal cardiac phenotypes. These findings provide important insights into the role/s of the endocardial network of the endothelial lineage in the development of cardiac disease, and highlight IGFbp3 as a potential link between Id and its vascular effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07107-1709, USA
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9
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Zhao Q, Beck A, Vitale JM, Schneider JS, Terzic A, Fraidenraich D. Rescue of developmental defects by blastocyst stem cell injection: towards elucidation of neomorphic corrective pathways. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 3:66. [PMID: 20151025 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-009-9140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is an exciting area of high potential for regenerative medicine. To study disease prevention, we inject mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into a variety of mouse blastocysts, most of which harbor mutations. Mice derived from these mutant blastocysts develop human-like diseases, either at developmental stages or in the adult, but blastocyst injection of ESCs prevents disease from occurring. Rather than entirely repopulating the affected organs, with just 20% of chimerism, the ESCs replenish protein levels that are absent in mutant mice, and induce novel or "neomorphic" signals that help circumvent the requirements for the mutations. We also show data indicating that the "neomorphic" mechanisms arise as a result of blastocyst injection of ESCs, regardless of the nature of the host blastocyst (mutant or wild-type). Thus, blastocyst injection of ESCs not only allows the study of disease prevention, but also unveils novel pathways whose activation may aid in the correction of congenital or acquired disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07107, USA
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10
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Nelson TJ, Behfar A, Yamada S, Martinez-Fernandez A, Terzic A. Stem cell platforms for regenerative medicine. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 2:222-7. [PMID: 19779576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of chronic degenerative diseases associated with aging demographics mandates development of effective approaches for tissue repair. As diverse stem cells directly contribute to innate healing, the capacity for de novo tissue reconstruction harbors a promising role for regenerative medicine. Indeed, a spectrum of natural stem cell sources ranging from embryonic to adult progenitors has been recently identified with unique characteristics for regeneration. The accessibility and applicability of the regenerative armamentarium has been further expanded with stem cells engineered by nuclear reprogramming. Through strategies of replacement to implant functional tissues, regeneration to transplant progenitor cells or rejuvenation to activate endogenous self-repair mechanisms, the overarching goal of regenerative medicine is to translate stem cell platforms into practice and achieve cures for diseases limited to palliative interventions. Harnessing the full potential of each platform will optimize matching stem cell-based biologics with the disease-specific niche environment of individual patients to maximize the quality of long-term management, while minimizing the needs for adjunctive therapy. Emerging discovery science with feedback from clinical translation is therefore poised to transform medicine offering safe and effective stem cell biotherapeutics to enable personalized solutions for incurable diseases.
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Yamada S, Nelson TJ, Behfar A, Crespo-Diaz RJ, Fraidenraich D, Terzic A. Stem cell transplant into preimplantation embryo yields myocardial infarction-resistant adult phenotype. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1697-705. [PMID: 19544428 DOI: 10.1002/stem.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are an emerging strategy for treatment of myocardial infarction, limited however to postinjury intervention. Preventive stem cell-based therapy to augment stress tolerance has yet to be considered for lifelong protection. Here, pluripotent stem cells were microsurgically introduced at the blastocyst stage of murine embryo development to ensure stochastic integration and sustained organ contribution. Engineered chimera displayed excess in body weight due to increased fat deposits, but were otherwise devoid of obesity-related morbidity. Remarkably, and in sharp contrast to susceptible nonchimeric offspring, chimera was resistant to myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary occlusion. Infarcted nonchimeric adult hearts demonstrated progressive deterioration in ejection fraction, while age-matched 12-14-months-old chimera recovered from equivalent ischemic insult to regain within one-month preocclusion contractile performance. Electrical remodeling and ventricular enlargement with fibrosis, prominent in failing nonchimera, were averted in the chimeric cohort characterized by an increased stem cell load in adipose tissue and upregulated markers of biogenesis Ki67, c-Kit, and stem cell antigen-1 in the myocardium. Favorable outcome in infarcted chimera translated into an overall benefit in workload capacity and survival. Thus, prenatal stem cell transplant yields a cardioprotective phenotype in adulthood, expanding cell-based indications beyond traditional postinjury applications to include pre-emptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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12
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Blastocyst injection of embryonic stem cells: a simple approach to unveil mechanisms of corrections in mouse models of human disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2009; 5:369-77. [PMID: 19705303 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) research is a promising area of investigation with enormous therapeutic potential. We have injected murine wild type (WT) ESCs into a variety of mutant murine blastocysts, which are predisposed to develop a human-like disease, such as muscular dystrophy or the embryonic lethal "thin myocardial syndrome". In this review, we summarize data indicating that partial incorporation of ESCs is sufficient to prevent disease from occurring. We also present data indicating that blastocyst incorporation of ESCs may aid in the prevention of heart failure in stressed WT mice. In some cases, the rescue observed is predominantly non-cell autonomous and relies on the production of secreted factors from the ES-derived cells, but in others, cell replacement is required. Thus, congenital or acquired disease can be pre-emptively averted in mice by developmental injection of ESCs.
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Stillwell E, Vitale J, Zhao Q, Beck A, Schneider J, Khadim F, Elson G, Altaf A, Yehia G, Dong JH, Liu J, Mark W, Bhaumik M, Grange R, Fraidenraich D. Blastocyst injection of wild type embryonic stem cells induces global corrections in mdx mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4759. [PMID: 19277212 PMCID: PMC2653195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable neuromuscular degenerative disease, caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. Mdx mice recapitulate DMD features. Here we show that injection of wild-type (WT) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into mdx blastocysts produces mice with improved pathology and function. A small fraction of WT ESCs incorporates into the mdx mouse nonuniformly to upregulate protein levels of dystrophin in the skeletal muscle. The chimeric muscle shows reduced regeneration and restores dystrobrevin, a dystrophin-related protein, in areas with high and with low dystrophin content. WT ESC injection increases the amount of fat in the chimeras to reach WT levels. ESC injection without dystrophin does not prevent the appearance of phenotypes in the skeletal muscle or in the fat. Thus, dystrophin supplied by the ESCs reverses disease in mdx mice globally in a dose-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blastocyst
- Chimera
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Dystrophin/physiology
- Dystrophin-Associated Proteins/analysis
- Embryo Transfer
- Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Lac Operon
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Microinjections
- Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/embryology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
- Regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stillwell
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph Vitale
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Amanda Beck
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joel Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Farah Khadim
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Genie Elson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Aneela Altaf
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ghassan Yehia
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jia-hui Dong
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Willie Mark
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mantu Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yamada S, Nelson TJ, Crespo-Diaz RJ, Perez-Terzic C, Liu XK, Miki T, Seino S, Behfar A, Terzic A. Embryonic stem cell therapy of heart failure in genetic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2644-53. [PMID: 18669912 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic causes underlying nonischemic cardiomyopathies are increasingly being resolved, yet repair therapies for these commonly heritable forms of heart failure are lacking. A case in point is human dilated cardiomyopathy 10 (CMD10; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #608569), a progressive organ dysfunction syndrome refractory to conventional therapies and linked to mutations in cardiac ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel subunits. Embryonic stem cell therapy demonstrates benefit in ischemic heart disease, but the reparative capacity of this allogeneic regenerative cell source has not been tested in inherited cardiomyopathy. Here, in a Kir6.2-knockout model lacking functional K(ATP) channels, we recapitulated under the imposed stress of pressure overload the gene-environment substrate of CMD10. Salient features of the human malignant heart failure phenotype were reproduced, including compromised contractility, ventricular dilatation, and poor survival. Embryonic stem cells were delivered through the epicardial route into the left ventricular wall of cardiomyopathic stressed Kir6.2-null mutants. At 1 month of therapy, transplantation of 200,000 cells per heart achieved teratoma-free reversal of systolic dysfunction and electrical synchronization and halted maladaptive remodeling, thereby preventing end-stage organ failure. Tracked using the lacZ reporter transgene, stem cells engrafted into host heart. Beyond formation of cardiac tissue positive for Kir6.2, transplantation induced cell cycle activation and halved fibrotic zones, normalizing sarcomeric and gap junction organization within remuscularized hearts. Improved systemic function induced by stem cell therapy translated into increased stamina, absence of anasarca, and benefit to overall survivorship. Embryonic stem cells thus achieve functional repair in nonischemic genetic cardiomyopathy, expanding indications to the therapy of heritable heart failure. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Yamada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. 55905, USA.
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Imitola J, Khoury SJ. Neural stem cells and the future treatment of neurological diseases: raising the standard. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 438:9-16. [PMID: 18369745 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells offer great potential for treatment of neurological disorders.AQ[16]Both neurologic and neurological were used in text; the latter was more common. Note changes have been made to match in title and text body. The current strategies of isolation, expansion, and characterization of these cells require in vitro manipulations that can change their intrinsic properties, specifically with the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities. We have analyzed the rationale of using neural stem cells in neurological disorders, the caveats of current isolation and in vitro culture protocols of neural precursors. Addressing these challenges is crucial for translation of neural stem cell therapy to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Imitola
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells have great potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. However, many obstacles remain to translate this field to the patient's bedside, including rationales for using neural stem cells in individual neurological disorders; the challenges of neural stem cell biology; and the caveats of current strategies of isolation and culturing neural precursors. Addressing these challenges is critical for the translation of neural stem cell biology to the clinic. Recent work using neural stem cells has yielded novel biologic concepts such as the importance of the reciprocal interaction between neural stem cells and the neurodegenerative environment. The prospect of using transplants of neural stem cells and progenitors to treat neurological diseases requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of both neural stem cell behavior in experimental models and the intrinsic repair capacity of the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Imitola
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Sherman W, Martens TP, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Siminiak T. Catheter-based delivery of cells to the heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 3 Suppl 1:S57-64. [PMID: 16501633 DOI: 10.1038/ncpcardio0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials have begun to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of administering progenitor cells to the heart in order to repair or perhaps reverse the effects of myocardial ischemia and injury. In contrast to surgical-based injections, which are often coupled with coronary bypass surgery, catheter-based injections are less invasive and make it possible to evaluate cell products used as sole interventions. The two methods that have been tested in humans are injecting cells directly into the ventricular wall with catheter systems dedicated to that purpose and infusing cells into coronary arteries with standard balloon angioplasty catheters. The catheters described in this article have been shown in both animal and clinical studies to be effective in cell delivery and to be safe. They are well-designed and user-friendly devices, but require further investigation to identify means for optimizing cell retention and to address other limitations. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials utilizing catheters for cell implantation are under way, and others are soon to follow. The results of these studies will help to shape the direction of future investigations, both clinical and basic. The spectrum of cardiac diseases, the variety of catheters for cell delivery, and the wide array of progenitor cell types open up this young field to creative discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Sherman
- Center for Interventional Vascular Therapy, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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