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Chen DM, Dong R, Kachuri L, Hoffmann TJ, Jiang Y, Berndt SI, Shelley JP, Schaffer KR, Machiela MJ, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Li SA, Lilja H, Justice AC, Madduri RK, Rodriguez AA, Van Den Eeden SK, Chanock SJ, Haiman CA, Conti DV, Klein RJ, Mosley JD, Witte JS, Graff RE. Transcriptome-wide association analysis identifies candidate susceptibility genes for prostate-specific antigen levels in men without prostate cancer. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100315. [PMID: 38845201 PMCID: PMC11262184 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the genetic basis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels may improve their utility for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from 95,768 PCa-free men, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to examine impacts of genetically predicted gene expression on PSA. Analyses identified 41 statistically significant (p < 0.05/12,192 = 4.10 × 10-6) associations in whole blood and 39 statistically significant (p < 0.05/13,844 = 3.61 × 10-6) associations in prostate tissue, with 18 genes associated in both tissues. Cross-tissue analyses identified 155 statistically significantly (p < 0.05/22,249 = 2.25 × 10-6) genes. Out of 173 unique PSA-associated genes across analyses, we replicated 151 (87.3%) in a TWAS of 209,318 PCa-free individuals from the Million Veteran Program. Based on conditional analyses, we found 20 genes (11 single tissue, nine cross-tissue) that were associated with PSA levels in the discovery TWAS that were not attributable to a lead variant from a GWAS. Ten of these 20 genes replicated, and two of the replicated genes had colocalization probability of >0.5: CCNA2 and HIST1H2BN. Six of the 20 identified genes are not known to impact PCa risk. Fine-mapping based on whole blood and prostate tissue revealed five protein-coding genes with evidence of causal relationships with PSA levels. Of these five genes, four exhibited evidence of colocalization and one was conditionally independent of previous GWAS findings. These results yield hypotheses that should be further explored to improve understanding of genetic factors underlying PSA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy M Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruocheng Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - John P Shelley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kerry R Schaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - Shengchao A Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - Hans Lilja
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Surgery, Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20814, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Preventive Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - David V Conti
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Preventive Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departments of Biomedical Data Science and Genetics (by courtesy), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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2
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Golabi M, Kazemi D, Chadeganipour AS, Fouladseresht H, Sullman MJM, Ghezelbash B, Dastgerdi AY, Eskandari N. The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02075-6. [PMID: 38902541 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition that results in axonal and permanent damage to the central nervous system, necessitating healing owing to autoimmune reactions and persistent neuroinflammation. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are essential for the management of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, multivitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin B12 (cobalamin), may be beneficial for neuronal protection. Although there is no documented connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and MS, researchers have explored its potential as a metabolic cause. This review highlights the therapeutic benefits of cobalamin (Cbl) in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Golabi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Danial Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ava Yeganegi Dastgerdi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University of Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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3
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Guo X, Zhao C, Yang R, Wang Y, Hu X. ABCD4 is associated with mammary gland development in mammals. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:494. [PMID: 38764031 PMCID: PMC11103957 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary gland development is a critical process in mammals, crucial for their reproductive success and offspring nourishment. However, the functional roles of key candidate genes associated with teat number, including ABCD4, VRTN, PROX2, and DLST, in this developmental process remain elusive. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the dynamic expression patterns, functional implications, and regulatory networks of these candidate genes during mouse mammary gland development. RESULTS In this study, the spatial and temporal patterns of key genes were characterized in mammary gland development. Using time-series single-cell data, we uncovered differences in the expression of A bcd4, Vrtn, Prox2, and Dlst in cell population of the mammary gland during embryonic and adult stages, while Vrtn was not detected in any cells. We found that only overexpression and knockdown of Abcd4 could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of HC11 mammary epithelial cells, whereas Prox2 and Dlst had no significant effect on these cells. Using RNA-seq and qPCR, further analysis revealed that Abcd4 can induce widespread changes in the expression levels of genes involved in mammary gland development, such as Igfbp3, Ccl5, Tlr2, and Prlr, which were primarily associated with the MAPK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-AKT pathways by functional enrichment. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed ABCD4 as a candidate gene pivotal for regulating mammary gland development and lactation during pregnancy by influencing PRLR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition &, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Simonenko SY, Bogdanova DA, Kuldyushev NA. Emerging Roles of Vitamin B 12 in Aging and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5044. [PMID: 38732262 PMCID: PMC11084641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient for humans and animals. Metabolically active forms of B12-methylcobalamin and 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin are cofactors for the enzymes methionine synthase and mitochondrial methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Malfunction of these enzymes due to a scarcity of vitamin B12 leads to disturbance of one-carbon metabolism and impaired mitochondrial function. A significant fraction of the population (up to 20%) is deficient in vitamin B12, with a higher rate of deficiency among elderly people. B12 deficiency is associated with numerous hallmarks of aging at the cellular and organismal levels. Cellular senescence is characterized by high levels of DNA damage by metabolic abnormalities, increased mitochondrial dysfunction, and disturbance of epigenetic regulation. B12 deficiency could be responsible for or play a crucial part in these disorders. In this review, we focus on a comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms through which vitamin B12 influences aging. We review new data about how deficiency in vitamin B12 may accelerate cellular aging. Despite indications that vitamin B12 has an important role in health and healthy aging, knowledge of the influence of vitamin B12 on aging is still limited and requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Yu. Simonenko
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Daria A. Bogdanova
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Kuldyushev
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia;
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5
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Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38727275 PMCID: PMC11083179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways. Here, we specifically highlight ABC transporters involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and their implications in its metabolic regulation. We also show new aspects related to ABC transporter function found in less recognized diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding both their impact on the physiological regulation of the CNS and their roles in brain diseases holds promise for uncovering new therapeutic options. Further investigations and preclinical studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between glial ABC transporters and physiological brain functions, potentially leading to effective therapeutic interventions also for rare CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villa
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Hansen
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM)/Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia (LU), Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv IL-6997801, Israel
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6
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Campos-Pardos E, Uranga S, Picó A, Gómez AB, Gonzalo-Asensio J. Dependency on host vitamin B12 has shaped Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex evolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2161. [PMID: 38461302 PMCID: PMC10924821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human and animal tuberculosis is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC), which has evolved a genomic decay of cobalamin (vitamin B12) biosynthetic genes. Accordingly, and in sharp contrast to environmental, opportunistic and ancestor mycobacteria; we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis (Mtb), M. africanum, and animal-adapted lineages, lack endogenous production of cobalamin, yet they retain the capacity for exogenous uptake. A B12 anemic model in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice, demonstrates improved survival, and lower bacteria in organs, in B12 anemic animals infected with Mtb relative to non-anemic controls. Conversely, no differences were observed between mice groups infected with M. canettii, an ancestor mycobacterium which retains cobalamin biosynthesis. Interrogation of the B12 transcriptome in three MTBC strains defined L-methionine synthesis by metE and metH genes as a key phenotype. Expression of metE is repressed by a cobalamin riboswitch, while MetH requires the cobalamin cofactor. Thus, deletion of metE predominantly attenuates Mtb in anemic mice; although inactivation of metH exclusively causes attenuation in non-anemic controls. Here, we show how sub-physiological levels of B12 in the host antagonizes Mtb virulence, and describe a yet unknown mechanism of host-pathogen cross-talk with implications for B12 anemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campos-Pardos
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Uranga
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Picó
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Gómez
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Imai M, Kawaguchi K, Morita M, Imanaka T, So T. Transmembrane helix 6 of ABCD4 is indispensable for cobalamin transport. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:366-373. [PMID: 38069516 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
ABCD4, which belongs to the ABC protein subfamily D, plays a role in the transport of cobalamin from lysosomes to the cytosol by cooperating with ATP-binding and ATP-hydrolysis. Pathogenic variants in the ABCD4 gene lead to an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by cobalamin deficiency. However, the structural requirements for cobalamin transport in ABCD4 remain unclear. In this study, six proteoliposomes were prepared, each containing a different chimeric ABCD4 protein, wherein each of the six transmembrane (TM) helices was replaced with the corresponding ABCD1. We analyzed the cobalamin transport activities of the ABCD mutants. In the proteoliposome with chimeric ABCD4 replacing TM helix 6, the cobalamin transport activity disappeared without a reduction in ATPase activity, indicating that TM helix 6 contributes to substrate recognition. Furthermore, the substitution of aspartic acid at position 329 or threonine at position 332 in TM helix 6 with the basic amino acid lysine led to a decrease in cobalamin-transport activity without causing a reduction in ATPase activity. The amino acids in TM helix 6 may be critically involved in substrate recognition; the charged state in the C-terminal half of TM helix 6 of ABCD4 is responsible for cobalamin transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Imai
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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8
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Zhou C, Zhang Y, Ma T, Wu D, Yang Y, Wang D, Li X, Guo S, Yang S, Song Y, Zhang Y, Zuo Y, Cao G. Whole-Genome Resequencing of Ujimqin Sheep Identifies Genes Associated with Vertebral Number. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:677. [PMID: 38473062 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of vertebrae is a crucial economic trait that can significantly impact the carcass length and meat production in animals. However, our understanding of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with the vertebral number in sheep (Ovis aries) remains limited. To identify these candidate genes and QTLs, we collected 73 Ujimqin sheep with increased numbers of vertebrae (T13L7, T14L6, and T14L7) and 23 sheep with normal numbers of vertebrae (T13L6). Through high-throughput genome resequencing, we obtained a total of 24,130,801 effective single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). By conducting a selective-sweep analysis, we discovered that the most significantly selective region was located on chromosome 7. Within this region, we identified several genes, including VRTN, SYNDIG1L, LTBP2, and ABCD4, known to regulate the spinal development and morphology. Further, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) performed on sheep with increased and normal vertebral numbers confirmed that ABCD4 is a candidate gene for determining the number of vertebrae in sheep. Additionally, the most significant SNP on chromosome 7 was identified as a candidate QTL. Moreover, we detected two missense mutations in the ABCD4 gene; one of these mutations (Chr7: 89393414, C > T) at position 22 leads to the conversion of arginine (Arg) to glutamine (Gln), which is expected to negatively affect the protein's function. Notably, a transcriptome expression profile in mouse embryonic development revealed that ABCD4 is highly expressed during the critical period of vertebral formation (4.5-7.5 days). Our study highlights ABCD4 as a potential major gene influencing the number of vertebrae in Ujimqin sheep, with promising prospects for future genome-assisted breeding improvements in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Teng Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Dabala Wu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiunan Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shuchun Guo
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yongli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
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9
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Duvivier L, Gerard L, Diaz A, Gillet JP. Linking ABC transporters to the hallmarks of cancer. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:124-134. [PMID: 37884430 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are ubiquitously expressed and transport a broad range of endogenous and xenobiotic substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABC genes cause 21 monogenic diseases, and polymorphisms in these genes are associated with susceptibility to complex diseases. ABC transporters also play a major role in drug bioavailability, and they mediate multidrug resistance in cancer. At least 13 ABC transporters were shown to be involved in drug resistance in vitro. In the past decade, efforts have been made to elucidate their roles in tumor biology. Herein, we explore their involvement in tumorigenesis, focusing on the hallmarks of cells as they make their way from normalcy to neoplastic growth states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duvivier
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Louise Gerard
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Adriana Diaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, URPhyM, NARILIS, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
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10
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Sayer AP, Llavero-Pasquina M, Geisler K, Holzer A, Bunbury F, Mendoza-Ochoa GI, Lawrence AD, Warren MJ, Mehrshahi P, Smith AG. Conserved cobalamin acquisition protein 1 is essential for vitamin B12 uptake in both Chlamydomonas and Phaeodactylum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:698-714. [PMID: 37864825 PMCID: PMC10828217 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae play an essential role in global net primary productivity and global biogeochemical cycling. Despite their phototrophic lifestyle, over half of algal species depend for growth on acquiring an external supply of the corrinoid vitamin B12 (cobalamin), a micronutrient produced only by a subset of prokaryotic organisms. Previous studies have identified protein components involved in vitamin B12 uptake in bacterial species and humans. However, little is known about its uptake in algae. Here, we demonstrate the essential role of a protein, cobalamin acquisition protein 1 (CBA1), in B12 uptake in Phaeodactylum tricornutum using CRISPR-Cas9 to generate targeted knockouts and in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by insertional mutagenesis. In both cases, CBA1 knockout lines could not take up exogenous vitamin B12. Complementation of the C. reinhardtii mutants with the wild-type CBA1 gene restored B12 uptake, and regulation of CBA1 expression via a riboswitch element enabled control of the phenotype. When visualized by confocal microscopy, a YFP-fusion with C. reinhardtii CBA1 showed association with membranes. Bioinformatics analysis found that CBA1-like sequences are present in all major eukaryotic phyla. In algal taxa, the majority that encoded CBA1 also had genes for B12-dependent enzymes, suggesting CBA1 plays a conserved role. Our results thus provide insight into the molecular basis of algal B12 acquisition, a process that likely underpins many interactions in aquatic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sayer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Marcel Llavero-Pasquina
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Katrin Geisler
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Andre Holzer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Freddy Bunbury
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gonzalo I Mendoza-Ochoa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Martin J Warren
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Payam Mehrshahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Alison G Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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11
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Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, Tata AM, Cavallucci V, Fidaleo M. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation-Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:590. [PMID: 38203763 PMCID: PMC10778862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a micronutrient and acts as a cofactor for fundamental biochemical reactions: the synthesis of succinyl-CoA from methylmalonyl-CoA and biotin, and the synthesis of methionine from folic acid and homocysteine. VitB12 deficiency can determine a wide range of diseases, including nervous system impairments. Although clinical evidence shows a direct role of VitB12 in neuronal homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms are yet to be characterized in depth. Earlier investigations focused on exploring the biochemical shifts resulting from a deficiency in the function of VitB12 as a coenzyme, while more recent studies propose a broader mechanism, encompassing changes at the molecular/cellular levels. Here, we explore existing study models employed to investigate the role of VitB12 in the nervous system, including the challenges inherent in replicating deficiency/supplementation in experimental settings. Moreover, we discuss the potential biochemical alterations and ensuing mechanisms that might be modified at the molecular/cellular level (such as epigenetic modifications or changes in lysosomal activity). We also address the role of VitB12 deficiency in initiating processes that contribute to nervous system deterioration, including ROS accumulation, inflammation, and demyelination. Consequently, a complex biological landscape emerges, requiring further investigative efforts to grasp the intricacies involved and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Rachel Mathew
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Giacomo Di Matteo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Saviana Antonella Barbati
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.M.); (L.M.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Neuromolecular Biology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Centre of Neurobiology “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Virve Cavallucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fidaleo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.M.); (A.M.T.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering (CNIS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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12
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Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for membrane transporters, of which several are involved in drug resistance and disease pathways resulting from transporter dysfunction. Over the last decade, advances in structural biology have vastly expanded our mechanistic understanding of human ABC transporter function, revealing details of their molecular arrangement, regulation, and interactions, facilitated in large part by advances in cryo-EM that have rendered hitherto inaccessible targets amenable to high-resolution structural analysis. As a result, experimentally determined structures of multiple members of each of the five families of ABC transporters in humans are now available. Here we review this recent progress, highlighting the physiological relevance of human ABC transporters and mechanistic insights gleaned from their direct structure determination. We also discuss the impact and limitations of model systems and structure prediction methods in understanding human ABC transporters and discuss current challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alam
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;
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13
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Paz D, Pinales BE, Castellanos BS, Perez I, Gil CB, Madrigal LJ, Reyes-Nava NG, Castro VL, Sloan JL, Quintana AM. Abnormal chondrocyte development in a zebrafish model of cblC syndrome restored by an MMACHC cobalamin binding mutant. Differentiation 2023; 131:74-81. [PMID: 37167860 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the MMACHC gene cause combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria cblC type, the most common inborn error of intracellular cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism. cblC is associated with neurodevelopmental, hematological, ocular, and biochemical abnormalities. In a subset of patients, mild craniofacial dysmorphia has also been described. Mouse models of Mmachc deletion are embryonic lethal but cause severe craniofacial phenotypes such as facial clefts. MMACHC encodes an enzyme required for cobalamin processing and variants in this gene result in the accumulation of two metabolites: methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HC). Interestingly, other inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism, such as cblX syndrome, are associated with mild facial phenotypes. However, the presence and severity of MMA and HC accumulation in cblX syndrome is not consistent with the presence or absence of facial phenotypes. Thus, the mechanisms by which mutations in MMACHC cause craniofacial defects are yet to be completely elucidated. Here we have characterized the craniofacial phenotypes in a zebrafish model of cblC (hg13) and performed restoration experiments with either a wildtype or a cobalamin binding deficient MMACHC protein. Homozygous mutants did not display gross morphological defects in facial development but did have abnormal chondrocyte nuclear organization and an increase in the average number of neighboring cell contacts, both phenotypes were fully penetrant. Abnormal chondrocyte nuclear organization was not associated with defects in the localization of neural crest specific markers, sox10 (RFP transgene) or barx1. Both nuclear angles and the number of neighboring cell contacts were fully restored by wildtype MMACHC and a cobalamin binding deficient variant of the MMACHC protein. Collectively, these data suggest that mutation of MMACHC causes mild to moderate craniofacial phenotypes that are independent of cobalamin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Paz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Briana E Pinales
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Barbara S Castellanos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Isaiah Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Claudia B Gil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Lourdes Jimenez Madrigal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Nayeli G Reyes-Nava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Victoria L Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anita M Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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14
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McCorvie TJ, Ferreira D, Yue WW, Froese DS. The complex machinery of human cobalamin metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:406-420. [PMID: 36680553 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl) is required as a cofactor by two human enzymes, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMUT). Within the body, a vast array of transporters, enzymes and chaperones are required for the generation and delivery of these cofactor forms. How they perform these functions is dictated by the structure and interactions of the proteins involved, the molecular bases of which are only now being elucidated. In this review, we highlight recent insights into human Cbl metabolism and address open questions in the field by employing a protein structure and interactome based perspective. We discuss how three very similar proteins-haptocorrin, intrinsic factor and transcobalamin-exploit slight structural differences and unique ligand receptor interactions to effect selective Cbl absorption and internalisation. We describe recent advances in the understanding of how endocytosed Cbl is transported across the lysosomal membrane and the implications of the recently solved ABCD4 structure. We detail how MMACHC and MMADHC cooperate to modify and target cytosolic Cbl to the client enzymes MTR and MMUT using ingenious modifications to an ancient nitroreductase fold, and how MTR and MMUT link with their accessory enzymes to sustainably harness the supernucleophilic potential of Cbl. Finally, we provide an outlook on how future studies may combine structural and interactome based approaches and incorporate knowledge of post-translational modifications to bring further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McCorvie
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas Ferreira
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Sean Froese
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Paz D, Pinales BE, Castellanos BS, Perez I, Gil CB, Madrigal LJ, Reyes-Nava NG, Castro VL, Sloan JL, Quintana AM. Abnormal chondrocyte intercalation in a zebrafish model of cblC syndrome restored by an MMACHC cobalamin binding mutant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524982. [PMID: 36711998 PMCID: PMC9882310 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the MMACHC gene cause combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria cblC type, the most common inborn error of intracellular cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism. cblC is associated with neurodevelopmental, hematological, ocular, and biochemical abnormalities. In a subset of patients, mild craniofacial dysmorphia has also been described. Mouse models of Mmachc deletion are embryonic lethal but cause severe craniofacial phenotypes such as facial clefts. MMACHC encodes an enzyme required for cobalamin processing and variants in this gene result in the accumulation of two metabolites: methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HC). Interestingly, other inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism, such as cblX syndrome, are associated with mild facial phenotypes. However, the presence and severity of MMA and HC accumulation in cblX syndrome is not consistent with the presence or absence of facial phenotypes. Thus, the mechanisms by which mutation of MMACHC cause craniofacial defects have not been completely elucidated. Here we have characterized the craniofacial phenotypes in a zebrafish model of cblC ( hg13 ) and performed restoration experiments with either wildtype or a cobalamin binding deficient MMACHC protein. Homozygous mutants did not display gross morphological defects in facial development, but did have abnormal chondrocyte intercalation, which was fully penetrant. Abnormal chondrocyte intercalation was not associated with defects in the expression/localization of neural crest specific markers, sox10 or barx1 . Most importantly, chondrocyte organization was fully restored by wildtype MMACHC and a cobalamin binding deficient variant of MMACHC protein. Collectively, these data suggest that mutation of MMACHC causes mild to moderate craniofacial phenotypes that are independent of cobalamin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Paz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Briana E Pinales
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Barbara S Castellanos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Isaiah Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Claudia B Gil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Lourdes Jimenez Madrigal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Nayeli G Reyes-Nava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Victoria L Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Jennifer L Sloan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Anita M Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
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16
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Hou W, Xu D, Wang L, Chen Y, Chen Z, Zhou C, Chen Y. Plastic structures for diverse substrates: A revisit of human
ABC
transporters. Proteins 2022; 90:1749-1765. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Tao Hou
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Da Xu
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Chen
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Cong‐Zhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei People's Republic of China
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17
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Elangovan R, Baruteau J. Inherited and acquired vitamin B12 deficiencies: Which administration route to choose for supplementation? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:972468. [PMID: 36249776 PMCID: PMC9559827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.972468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 or cobalamin deficiency is a commonly encountered clinical scenario and most clinicians will have familiarity prescribing Vitamin B12 to treat their patients. Despite the high prevalence of this condition, there is widespread heterogeneity regarding routes, schedules and dosages of vitamin B12 administration. In this review, we summarise the complex metabolic pathway of Vitamin B12, the inherited and acquired causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency and subsequently highlight the disparate international practice of prescribing Vitamin B12 replacement therapy. We describe the evidence base underpinning the novel sublingual, intranasal and subcutaneous modes of B12 replacement in comparison to intramuscular and oral routes, with their respective benefits for patient compliance and cost-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyia Elangovan
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Baruteau
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Julien Baruteau,
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18
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Esser AJ, Mukherjee S, Dereven‘kov IA, Makarov SV, Jacobsen DW, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L. Versatile Enzymology and Heterogeneous Phenotypes in Cobalamin Complementation Type C Disease. iScience 2022; 25:104981. [PMID: 36105582 PMCID: PMC9464900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional deficiency and genetic errors that impair the transport, absorption, and utilization of vitamin B12 (B12) lead to hematological and neurological manifestations. The cblC disease (cobalamin complementation type C) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations and epi-mutations in the MMACHC gene and the most common inborn error of B12 metabolism. Pathogenic mutations in MMACHC disrupt enzymatic processing of B12, an indispensable step before micronutrient utilization by the two B12-dependent enzymes methionine synthase (MS) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). As a result, patients with cblC disease exhibit plasma elevation of homocysteine (Hcy, substrate of MS) and methylmalonic acid (MMA, degradation product of methylmalonyl-CoA, substrate of MUT). The cblC disorder manifests early in childhood or in late adulthood with heterogeneous multi-organ involvement. This review covers current knowledge on the cblC disease, structure–function relationships of the MMACHC protein, the genotypic and phenotypic spectra in humans, experimental disease models, and promising therapies.
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19
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Kawaguchi K, Imanaka T. Substrate Specificity and the Direction of Transport in the ABC Transporters ABCD1–3 and ABCD4. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:533-539. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
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20
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Zhou L, Yang Q. A teenager with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type) presenting with neurological symptoms and congenital heart diseases: a case report. Neurocase 2022; 28:388-392. [PMID: 36219783 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2132870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to defective intracellular cobalamin metabolism. We report an 18-year-old Chinese male who presented with hypermyotonia, seizures, and congenital heart diseases. Mutation analysis revealed c.365A>T and c.482 G>A mutations in the MMACHC gene, diagnosed with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type). After treatment with vitamin B12, L-carnitine, betaine, and folate, which resulted in an improvement in his clinical symptoms and laboratory values. This case emphasizes that inborn errors of metabolism should be considered for a teenager presenting with challenging or neurologic symptoms, especially when combined with unexplained heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Sun Z, Yu X. A case report: subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and pernicious anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29226. [PMID: 35777065 PMCID: PMC9239667 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune gastritis causing both subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and pernicious anemia is rare in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and pernicious anemia resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency due to autoimmune gastritis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 66-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of numbness in her extremities. DIAGNOSES The diagnoses were (1) autoimmune gastritis (2) subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (3) pernicious anemia (4) hypergastrinemia (5) chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. INTERVENTIONS The patient received intramuscular methylcobalamin treatment for 5 days, followed by oral methylcobalamin daily.Outcomes: Symptoms improved, and anemia recovered in the second month after discharge. She discontinued her medication afterward, and the neurological symptoms recurred. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune gastritis can lead to several diseases if not intervened in the early course. Neuropathy and hematopathy recur with treatment discontinuity. Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are unlikely to be more effective than vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihuan Sun
- From the Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- From the Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofei Yu, the Institute of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China (e-mail: )
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22
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Wiedemann A, Oussalah A, Lamireau N, Théron M, Julien M, Mergnac JP, Augay B, Deniaud P, Alix T, Frayssinoux M, Feillet F, Guéant JL. Clinical, phenotypic and genetic landscape of case reports with genetically proven inherited disorders of vitamin B 12 metabolism: A meta-analysis. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100670. [PMID: 35764087 PMCID: PMC9381384 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of B12 metabolism produce a broad spectrum of manifestations, with limited knowledge of the influence of age and the function of related genes. We report a meta-analysis on 824 patients with a genetically proven diagnosis of an inherited disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism. Gene clusters and age categories are associated with patients' manifestations. The "cytoplasmic transport" cluster is associated with neurological and ophthalmological manifestations, the "mitochondrion" cluster with hypotonia, acute metabolic decompensation, and death, and the "B12 availability" and "remethylation" clusters with anemia and cytopenia. Hypotonia, EEG abnormalities, nystagmus, and strabismus are predominant in the younger patients, while neurological manifestations, such as walking difficulties, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal syndrome, cerebral atrophy, psychiatric disorders, and thromboembolic manifestations, are predominant in the older patients. These results should prompt systematic checking of markers of vitamin B12 status, including homocysteine and methylmalonic acid, when usual causes of these manifestations are discarded in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Wiedemann
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Lamireau
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Maurane Théron
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Melissa Julien
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Baptiste Augay
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Pauline Deniaud
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tom Alix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Marine Frayssinoux
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - François Feillet
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Guéant
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE), Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, INSERM UMR_S 1256, 54000 Nancy, France; Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (ORPHA67872), University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France.
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23
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Chen ZP, Xu D, Wang L, Mao YX, Li Y, Cheng MT, Zhou CZ, Hou WT, Chen Y. Structural basis of substrate recognition and translocation by human very long-chain fatty acid transporter ABCD1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3299. [PMID: 35676282 PMCID: PMC9177597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ABC transporter ABCD1 transports very long-chain fatty acids from cytosol to peroxisome for β-oxidation, dysfunction of which usually causes the X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). Here, we report three cryogenic electron microscopy structures of ABCD1: the apo-form, substrate- and ATP-bound forms. Distinct from what was seen in the previously reported ABC transporters, the two symmetric molecules of behenoyl coenzyme A (C22:0-CoA) cooperatively bind to the transmembrane domains (TMDs). For each C22:0-CoA, the hydrophilic 3'-phospho-ADP moiety of CoA portion inserts into one TMD, with the succeeding pantothenate and cysteamine moiety crossing the inter-domain cavity, whereas the hydrophobic fatty acyl chain extends to the opposite TMD. Structural analysis combined with biochemical assays illustrates snapshots of ABCD1-mediated substrate transport cycle. It advances our understanding on the selective oxidation of fatty acids and molecular pathology of X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Da Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yao-Xu Mao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Wen-Tao Hou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Yuxing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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24
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Watkins D, Rosenblatt DS. Inherited defects of cobalamin metabolism. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:355-376. [PMID: 35337626 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is required for activity of the enzymes methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase in human cells. Inborn errors affecting cobalamin uptake or metabolism are characterized by accumulation of the substrates for these enzymes, methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, in blood and urine. Inborn errors affecting synthesis of the adenosylcobalamin coenzyme required by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (cblA and cblB) result in isolated methylmalonic aciduria; inborn errors affecting synthesis of the methylcobalamin coenzyme required by methionine synthase (cblE and cblG) result in isolated homocystinuria. Combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria is seen in patients with impaired intestinal cobalamin absorption (intrinsic factor deficiency, Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome) and with defects affecting synthesis of both cobalamin coenzymes (cblC, cblD, cblF and cblJ). A series of disorders caused by pathogenic variant mutations affecting gene regulators (transcription factors) of the MMACHC gene have recently been described (HCFC1 [cblX disorder] and deficiencies of THAP11, and ZNF143 [the cblK disorder]).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watkins
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - David S Rosenblatt
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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25
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Hannibal L, Jacobsen DW. Intracellular processing of vitamin B 12 by MMACHC (CblC). VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:275-298. [PMID: 35337623 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl, B12) is a water-soluble micronutrient synthesized exclusively by a group of microorganisms. Human beings are unable to make B12 and thus obtain the vitamin via intake of animal products, fermented plant-based foods or supplements. Vitamin B12 obtained from the diet comprises three major chemical forms, namely hydroxocobalamin (HOCbl), methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl). The most common form of B12 present in supplements is cyanocobalamin (CNCbl). Yet, these chemical forms cannot be utilized directly as they come, but instead, they undergo chemical processing by the MMACHC protein, also known as CblC. Processing of dietary B12 by CblC involves removal of the upper-axial ligand (beta-ligand) yielding the one-electron reduced intermediate cob(II)alamin. Newly formed cob(II)alamin undergoes trafficking and delivery to the two B12-dependent enzymes, cytosolic methionine synthase (MS) and mitochondrial methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). The catalytic cycles of MS and MUT incorporate cob(II)alamin as a precursor to regenerate the coenzyme forms MeCbl and AdoCbl, respectively. Mutations and epimutations in the MMACHC gene result in cblC disease, the most common inborn error of B12 metabolism, which manifests with combined homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria. Elevation of metabolites homocysteine and methylmalonic acid occurs because the lack of an active CblC blocks formation of the indispensable precursor cob(II)alamin that is necessary to activate MS and MUT. Thus, in patients with cblC disease, vitamin B12 is absorbed and present in circulation in normal to high concentrations, yet, cells are unable to make use of it. Mutations in seemingly unrelated genes that modify MMACHC gene expression also result in clinical phenotypes that resemble cblC disease. We review current knowledge on structural and functional aspects of intracellular processing of vitamin B12 by the versatile protein CblC, its partners and possible regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Donald W Jacobsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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26
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Kozyraki R, Verroust P, Cases O. Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:65-119. [PMID: 35337634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cubilin (CUBN), the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor is a large endocytic protein involved in various physiological functions: vitamin B12 uptake in the gut; reabsorption of albumin and maturation of vitamin D in the kidney; nutrient delivery during embryonic development. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are the currently known molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of Cubilin. The role of Cubilin/Amn complex in the handling of vitamin B12 in health and disease has extensively been studied and so is the role of the Cubilin-Lrp2 tandem in renal pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence strongly supports a role of Cubilin in some developmental defects including impaired closure of the neural tube. Are these defects primarily caused by the dysfunction of a specific Cubilin ligand or are they secondary to impaired vitamin B12 or protein uptake? We will present the established Cubilin functions, discuss the developmental data and provide an overview of the emerging implications of Cubilin in the field of cardiovascular disease and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Verroust
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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27
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Nijland M, Martínez Felices JM, Slotboom DJ, Thangaratnarajah C. Membrane transport of cobalamin. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:121-148. [PMID: 35337617 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of organisms encode cobalamin-dependent enzymes catalyzing essential metabolic reactions, but the cofactor cobalamin (vitamin B12) is only synthesized by a subset of bacteria and archaea. The biosynthesis of cobalamin is complex and energetically costly, making cobalamin variants and precursors metabolically valuable. Auxotrophs for these molecules have evolved uptake mechanisms to compensate for the lack of a synthesis pathway. Bacterial transport of cobalamin involves the passage over one or two lipidic membranes in Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, respectively. In higher eukaryotes, a complex system of carriers, receptors and transporters facilitates the delivery of the essential molecule to the tissues. Biochemical and genetic approaches have identified different transporter families involved in cobalamin transport. The majority of the characterized cobalamin transporters are active transport systems that belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters. In this chapter, we describe the different cobalamin transport systems characterized to date that are present in bacteria and humans, as well as yet-to-be-identified transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nijland
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jose M Martínez Felices
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Slotboom
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Chancievan Thangaratnarajah
- University of Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, Groningen, Netherlands
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28
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Structures of the human peroxisomal fatty acid transporter ABCD1 in a lipid environment. Commun Biol 2022; 5:7. [PMID: 35013584 PMCID: PMC8748874 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxisomal very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) transporter ABCD1 is central to fatty acid catabolism and lipid biosynthesis. Its dysfunction underlies toxic cytosolic accumulation of VLCFAs, progressive demyelination, and neurological impairments including X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). We present cryo-EM structures of ABCD1 in phospholipid nanodiscs in a nucleotide bound conformation open to the peroxisomal lumen and an inward facing conformation open to the cytosol at up to 3.5 Å resolution, revealing details of its transmembrane cavity and ATP dependent conformational spectrum. We identify features distinguishing ABCD1 from its closest homologs and show that coenzyme A (CoA) esters of VLCFAs modulate ABCD1 activity in a species dependent manner. Our data suggest a transport mechanism where the CoA moieties of VLCFA-CoAs enter the hydrophilic transmembrane domain while the acyl chains extend out into the surrounding membrane bilayer. The structures help rationalize disease causing mutations and may aid ABCD1 targeted structure-based drug design. Le et al. present cryo-EM structures of the peroxisomal very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) transporter ABCD1 in phospholipid nanodiscs in a nucleotide-bound conformation open to the peroximsomal lumen and a conformation open to the cytosol. These structures provide the basis for structure-function studies to investigate VLCFA transport properties, disease-causing mutations, and drug design for disorders, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, associated with ABCD1 dysfunction.
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29
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Vaccaro JA, Naser SA. The Role of Methyl Donors of the Methionine Cycle in Gastrointestinal Infection and Inflammation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010061. [PMID: 35052225 PMCID: PMC8775811 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency is well known to contribute to disease development in both humans and other animals. Nonetheless, truly understanding the role of vitamins in human biology requires more than identifying their deficiencies. Discerning the mechanisms by which vitamins participate in health is necessary to assess risk factors, diagnostics, and treatment options for deficiency in a clinical setting. For researchers, the absence of a vitamin may be used as a tool to understand the importance of the metabolic pathways in which it participates. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the complex relationship between the methyl donating vitamins folate and cobalamin (B12), the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and inflammatory processes in human disease. First, it outlines the process of single-carbon metabolism in the generation of first methionine and subsequently SAM. Following this, established relationships between folate, B12, and SAM in varying bodily tissues are discussed, with special attention given to their effects on gut inflammation.
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30
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Rudnik S, Damme M. The lysosomal membrane-export of metabolites and beyond. FEBS J 2021; 288:4168-4182. [PMID: 33067905 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradative organelles in eukaryotic cells mediating the hydrolytic catabolism of various macromolecules to small basic building blocks. These low-molecular-weight metabolites are transported across the lysosomal membrane and reused in the cytoplasm and other organelles for biosynthetic pathways. Even though in the past 20 years our understanding of the lysosomal membrane regarding various transporters, other integral and peripheral membrane proteins, the lipid composition, but also its turnover has dramatically improved, there are still many unresolved questions concerning key aspects of the function of the lysosomal membrane. These include a possible function of lysosomes as a cellular storage compartment, yet unidentified transporters mediating the export such as various amino acids, mechanisms mediating the transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes, and the turnover of lysosomal membrane proteins. Here, we review the current knowledge about the lysosomal membrane and identify some of the open questions that need to be solved in the future for a comprehensive and complete understanding of how lysosomes communicate with other organelles, cellular processes, and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sönke Rudnik
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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31
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Niu N, Wang H, Shi G, Liu X, Liu H, Liu Q, Yang M, Wang L, Zhang L. Genome scanning reveals novel candidate genes for vertebral and teat number in the Beijing Black Pig. Anim Genet 2021; 52:734-738. [PMID: 34192356 DOI: 10.1111/age.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine vertebral and teat numbers are variable and important economic traits in pig production. However, the quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes for both of these traits in the Beijing Black Pig are not yet known. In the present study, number of vertebrae and number of teats were obtained for 891 individuals of the Beijing Black Pig and genotyped using the Illumina Porcine 50 K BeadChip. Genome scanning was performed to detect associated variants and candidate genes for both traits using a genome-wide association study by tassel software. For vertebral number, 15 significant SNPs were located on SSC7. According to linkage disequilibrium analysis on SSC7, a haplotype block of 221 kb from 97.4 to 97.6 Mb was shown to contain a good candidate gene ABCD4. Interestingly, on SSC12, we recorded a novel QTL containing three significant SNPs and 34 annotated genes from 24.0 to 25.7 Mb for vertebral number. Of the 34 genes, nine Hox family genes (HOXB 1-7, 9, and 13) were found to be good candidate genes. Using the 34 genes, a gene ontology analysis was performed to detect enrichment of anterior/posterior pattern specification. For teat number, a novel chromosome-wide significant QTL was identified on SSC10. In this QTL region, one significant SNP was identified. The nearest gene, NTRK2, was regarded as a candidate gene. The present results expanded the QTL for vertebral and teat numbers and provided useful molecular markers for breeding in the Beijing Black Pig population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - H Wang
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - G Shi
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - X Liu
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - H Liu
- Beijing Heiliu Stockbreeding Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - Q Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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32
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Peroxisomal ABC Transporters: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116093. [PMID: 34198763 PMCID: PMC8201181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest superfamilies of conserved proteins from bacteria to mammals. In humans, three members of this family are expressed in the peroxisomal membrane and belong to the subfamily D: ABCD1 (ALDP), ABCD2 (ALDRP), and ABCD3 (PMP70). These half-transporters must dimerize to form a functional transporter, but they are thought to exist primarily as tetramers. They possess overlapping but specific substrate specificity, allowing the transport of various lipids into the peroxisomal matrix. The defects of ABCD1 and ABCD3 are responsible for two genetic disorders called X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and congenital bile acid synthesis defect 5, respectively. In addition to their role in peroxisome metabolism, it has recently been proposed that peroxisomal ABC transporters participate in cell signaling and cell control, particularly in cancer. This review presents an overview of the knowledge on the structure, function, and mechanisms involving these proteins and their link to pathologies. We summarize the different in vitro and in vivo models existing across the species to study peroxisomal ABC transporters and the consequences of their defects. Finally, an overview of the known and possible interactome involving these proteins, which reveal putative and unexpected new functions, is shown and discussed.
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33
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Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute one of the largest and most ancient protein superfamilies found in all living organisms. They function as molecular machines by coupling ATP binding, hydrolysis, and phosphate release to translocation of diverse substrates across membranes. The substrates range from vitamins, steroids, lipids, and ions to peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, and xenobiotics. ABC transporters undergo substantial conformational changes during substrate translocation. A comprehensive understanding of their inner workings thus requires linking these structural rearrangements to the different functional state transitions. Recent advances in single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy have not only delivered crucial information on the architecture of several medically relevant ABC transporters and their supramolecular assemblies, including the ATP-sensitive potassium channel and the peptide-loading complex, but also made it possible to explore the entire conformational space of these nanomachines under turnover conditions and thereby gain detailed mechanistic insights into their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ,
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ,
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34
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Basgalupp SP, Donis KC, Siebert M, E Vairo FP, Artigalas O, de Camargo Pinto LL, Behringer S, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L, Schwartz IVD. Elevated holo-transcobalamin in Gaucher disease type II: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2471-2476. [PMID: 34031990 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common lysosomal disorders, is caused by deficiency of β-glucocerebrosidase. Based on the presence and severity of neurological complications, GD is classified into types I, II (the most severe form), and III. Abnormalities in systemic markers of vitamin B12 (B12 ) metabolism have been reported in GD type I patients, suggesting a higher prevalence of B12 deficiency in these patients. A 2-month-old male with GD type II was admitted to the hospital presenting jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and ichthyosis. At admission, cholestasis and ascites, abnormal liver function enzymes, prolonged prothrombin time, and high levels of B12 were confirmed. Analysis of biomarkers of B12 status revealed elevated B12 and holo-transcobalamin (holo-TC) levels. The B12 profile found in our patient is the opposite to what is described for GD type I patients. Holo-TC may increase in inflammatory states or due to liver diseases. In GD, the accumulation of glucocerebroside may be a trigger that initiates a systemic inflammatory reaction, characterized by macrophage activation. We suggest higher levels of holo-TC could be associated with a more severe (neuronopathic) GD, and be a biomarker of GD type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Porto Basgalupp
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN) Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho Donis
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Siebert
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN) Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Unit of Laboratorial Research, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Osvaldo Artigalas
- Hospital da Criança Conceição, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney Behringer
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ida Vanessa D Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences (BRAIN) Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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35
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Kitai K, Kawaguchi K, Tomohiro T, Morita M, So T, Imanaka T. The lysosomal protein ABCD4 can transport vitamin B 12 across liposomal membranes in vitro. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100654. [PMID: 33845046 PMCID: PMC8113721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential micronutrient for human health, and mutation and dysregulation of cobalamin metabolism are associated with serious diseases, such as methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria. Mutations in ABCD4 or LMBRD1, which encode the ABC transporter ABCD4 and lysosomal membrane protein LMBD1, respectively, lead to errors in cobalamin metabolism, with the phenotype of a failure to release cobalamin from lysosomes. However, the mechanism of transport of cobalamin across the lysosomal membrane remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that LMBD1 is required for the translocation of ABCD4 from the endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes. This suggests that ABCD4 performs an important function in lysosomal membrane cobalamin transport. In this study, we expressed human ABCD4 and LMBD1 in methylotrophic yeast and purified them. We prepared ABCD4 and/or LMBD1 containing liposomes loaded with cobalamin and then quantified the release of cobalamin from the liposomes by reverse-phase HPLC. We observed that ABCD4 was able to transport cobalamin from the inside to the outside of liposomes dependent on its ATPase activity and that LMBD1 exhibited no cobalamin transport activity. These results suggest that ABCD4 may be capable of transporting cobalamin from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol. Furthermore, we examined a series of ABCD4 missense mutations to understand how these alterations impair cobalamin transport. Our findings give insight into the molecular mechanism of cobalamin transport by which ABCD4 involves and its importance in cobalamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Kitai
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Takenori Tomohiro
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
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Sobczyńska-Malefora A, Delvin E, McCaddon A, Ahmadi KR, Harrington DJ. Vitamin B 12 status in health and disease: a critical review. Diagnosis of deficiency and insufficiency - clinical and laboratory pitfalls. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 58:399-429. [PMID: 33881359 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1885339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential cofactor for two metabolic pathways. It is obtained principally from food of animal origin. Cobalamin becomes bioavailable through a series of steps pertaining to its release from dietary protein, intrinsic factor-mediated absorption, haptocorrin or transcobalamin-mediated transport, cellular uptake, and two enzymatic conversions (via methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA-mutase) into cofactor forms: methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin. Vitamin B12 deficiency can masquerade as a multitude of illnesses, presenting different perspectives from the point of view of the hematologist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, general physician, or dietician. Increased physician vigilance and heightened patient awareness often account for its early presentation, and testing sometimes occurs during a phase of vitamin B12 insufficiency before the main onset of the disease. The chosen test often depends on its availability rather than on the diagnostic performance and sensitivity to irrelevant factors interfering with vitamin B12 markers. Although serum B12 is still the most commonly used and widely available test, diagnostics by holotranscobalamin, serum methylmalonic acid, and plasma homocysteine measurements have grown in the last several years in routine practice. The lack of a robust absorption test, coupled with compromised sensitivity and specificity of other tests (intrinsic factor and gastric parietal cell antibodies), hinders determination of the cause for depleted B12 status. This can lead to incorrect supplementation regimes and uncertainty regarding later treatment. This review discusses currently available knowledge on vitamin B12, informs the reader about the pitfalls of tests for assessing its deficiency, reviews B12 status in various populations at different disease stages, and provides recommendations for interpretation, treatment, and associated risks. Future directions for diagnostics of B12 status and health interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora
- The Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Kourosh R Ahmadi
- Department of Nutrition & Metabolism, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Dominic J Harrington
- The Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Banerjee R, Gouda H, Pillay S. Redox-Linked Coordination Chemistry Directs Vitamin B 12 Trafficking. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2003-2013. [PMID: 33797888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Metals are partners for an estimated one-third of the proteome and vary in complexity from mononuclear centers to organometallic cofactors. Vitamin B12 or cobalamin represents the epitome of this complexity and is the product of an assembly line comprising some 30 enzymes. Unable to biosynthesize cobalamin, mammals rely on dietary provision of this essential cofactor, which is needed by just two enzymes, one each in the cytoplasm (methionine synthase) and the mitochondrion (methylmalonyl-CoA mutase). Brilliant clinical genetics studies on patients with inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism spanning several decades had identified at least seven genetic loci in addition to the two encoding B12 enzymes. While cells are known to house a cadre of chaperones dedicated to metal trafficking pathways that contain metal reactivity and confer targeting specificity, the seemingly supernumerary chaperones in the B12 pathway had raised obvious questions as to the rationale for their existence.With the discovery of the genes underlying cobalamin disorders, our laboratory has been at the forefront of ascribing functions to B12 chaperones and elucidating the intricate redox-linked coordination chemistry and protein-linked cofactor conformational dynamics that orchestrate the processing and translocation of cargo along the trafficking pathway. These studies have uncovered novel chemistry that exploits the innate chemical versatility of alkylcobalamins, i.e., the ability to form and dismantle the cobalt-carbon bond using homolytic or heterolytic chemistry. In addition, they have revealed the practical utility of the dimethylbenzimidazole tail, an appendage unique to cobalamins and absent in the structural cousins, porphyrin, chlorin, and corphin, as an instrument for facilitating cofactor transfer between active sites.In this Account, we navigate the chemistry of the B12 trafficking pathway from its point of entry into cells, through lysosomes, and into the cytoplasm, where incoming cobalamin derivatives with a diversity of upper ligands are denuded by the β-ligand transferase activity of CblC to the common cob(II)alamin intermediate. The broad reaction and lax substrate specificity of CblC also enables conversion of cyanocobalamin (technically, vitamin B12, i.e., the form of the cofactor in one-a-day supplements), to cob(II)alamin. CblD then hitches up with CblC via a unique Co-sulfur bond to cob(II)alamin at a bifurcation point, leading to the cytoplasmic methylcobalamin or mitochondrial 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin branch. Mutations at loci upstream of the junction point typically affect both branches, leading to homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria, whereas mutations in downstream loci lead to one or the other disease. Elucidation of the biochemical penalties associated with individual mutations is providing molecular insights into the clinical data and, in some instances, identifying which cobalamin derivative(s) might be therapeutically beneficial.Our studies on B12 trafficking are revealing strategies for cofactor sequestration and mobilization from low- to high-affinity and low- to high-coordination-number sites, which in turn are regulated by protein dynamics that constructs ergonomic cofactor binding pockets. While these B12 lessons might be broadly relevant to other metal trafficking pathways, much remains to be learned. This Account concludes by identifying some of the major gaps and challenges that are needed to complete our understanding of B12 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Harsha Gouda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shubhadra Pillay
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Hoytema van Konijnenburg EMM, Wortmann SB, Koelewijn MJ, Tseng LA, Houben R, Stöckler-Ipsiroglu S, Ferreira CR, van Karnebeek CDM. Treatable inherited metabolic disorders causing intellectual disability: 2021 review and digital app. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:170. [PMID: 33845862 PMCID: PMC8042729 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Treatable ID App was created in 2012 as digital tool to improve early recognition and intervention for treatable inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) presenting with global developmental delay and intellectual disability (collectively 'treatable IDs'). Our aim is to update the 2012 review on treatable IDs and App to capture the advances made in the identification of new IMDs along with increased pathophysiological insights catalyzing therapeutic development and implementation. METHODS Two independent reviewers queried PubMed, OMIM and Orphanet databases to reassess all previously included disorders and therapies and to identify all reports on Treatable IDs published between 2012 and 2021. These were included if listed in the International Classification of IMDs (ICIMD) and presenting with ID as a major feature, and if published evidence for a therapeutic intervention improving ID primary and/or secondary outcomes is available. Data on clinical symptoms, diagnostic testing, treatment strategies, effects on outcomes, and evidence levels were extracted and evaluated by the reviewers and external experts. The generated knowledge was translated into a diagnostic algorithm and updated version of the App with novel features. RESULTS Our review identified 116 treatable IDs (139 genes), of which 44 newly identified, belonging to 17 ICIMD categories. The most frequent therapeutic interventions were nutritional, pharmacological and vitamin and trace element supplementation. Evidence level varied from 1 to 3 (trials, cohort studies, case-control studies) for 19% and 4-5 (case-report, expert opinion) for 81% of treatments. Reported effects included improvement of clinical deterioration in 62%, neurological manifestations in 47% and development in 37%. CONCLUSION The number of treatable IDs identified by our literature review increased by more than one-third in eight years. Although there has been much attention to gene-based and enzyme replacement therapy, the majority of effective treatments are nutritional, which are relatively affordable, widely available and (often) surprisingly effective. We present a diagnostic algorithm (adjustable to local resources and expertise) and the updated App to facilitate a swift and accurate workup, prioritizing treatable IDs. Our digital tool is freely available as Native and Web App (www.treatable-id.org) with several novel features. Our Treatable ID endeavor contributes to the Treatabolome and International Rare Diseases Research Consortium goals, enabling clinicians to deliver rapid evidence-based interventions to our rare disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- On Behalf of United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina J Koelewijn
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- On Behalf of United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvia Stöckler-Ipsiroglu
- Division of Biochemical Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- On Behalf of United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pediatrics - Metabolic Diseases, Amalia Children's Hospital, Geert Grooteplein 10, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Pillai NR, Miller D, Pierpont EI, Berry SA, Aggarwal A. Cobalamin J disease detected on newborn screening: Novel variant and normal neurodevelopmental course. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1870-1874. [PMID: 33729671 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin J disease (CblJ) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive disorder of intracellular cobalamin metabolism associated with combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria. It is caused by pathogenic variants in ABCD4, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that affects the lysosomal release of cobalamin (Cbl) into the cytoplasm. Only six cases of CblJ have been reported in the literature. Described clinical features include feeding difficulties, failure to thrive, hypotonia, seizures, developmental delay, and hematological abnormalities. Information on clinical outcomes is extremely limited, and no cases of presymptomatic diagnosis have been reported. We describe a now 17-month-old male with CblJ detected by newborn screening and confirmed by biochemical, molecular, and complementation studies. With early detection and initiation of treatment, this patient has remained asymptomatic with normal growth parameters and neurodevelopmental function. To the best of our knowledge, this report represents the first asymptomatic and neurotypical patient with CblJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishitha R Pillai
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dana Miller
- M Health Fairview, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Pierpont
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan A Berry
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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40
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Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients' Lives, and Reduce Costs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030743. [PMID: 33809596 PMCID: PMC8001893 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a naturally occurring compound produced by microorganisms and an essential nutrient for humans. Several papers highlight the role of VitB12 deficiency in bone and heart health, depression, memory performance, fertility, embryo development, and cancer, while VitB12 treatment is crucial for survival in inborn errors of VitB12 metabolism. VitB12 is administrated through intramuscular injection, thus impacting the patients’ lifestyle, although it is known that oral administration may meet the specific requirement even in the case of malabsorption. Furthermore, the high-dose injection of VitB12 does not ensure a constant dosage, while the oral route allows only 1.2% of the vitamin to be absorbed in human beings. Nanocarriers are promising nanotechnology that can enable therapies to be improved, reducing side effects. Today, nanocarrier strategies applied at VitB12 delivery are at the initial phase and aim to simplify administration, reduce costs, improve pharmacokinetics, and ameliorate the quality of patients’ lives. The safety of nanotechnologies is still under investigation and few treatments involving nanocarriers have been approved, so far. Here, we highlight the role of VitB12 in human metabolism and diseases, and the issues linked to its molecule properties, and discuss how nanocarriers can improve the therapy and supplementation of the vitamin and reduce possible side effects and limits.
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He R, Zhang H, Kang L, Li H, Shen M, Zhang Y, Mo R, Liu Y, Song J, Chen Z, Liu Y, Jin Y, Li M, Dong H, Zheng H, Li D, Qin J, Zhang H, Huang M, Liang D, Tian Y, Yao H, Yang Y. Analysis of 70 patients with hydrocephalus due to cobalamin C deficiency. Neurology 2020; 95:e3129-e3137. [PMID: 32943488 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with hydrocephalus secondary to cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency and to discuss the optimal strategies for assessing and treating such patients by performing clinical and laboratory studies in 70 patients. METHODS A total of 1,211 patients were clinically diagnosed with methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) from 1998 to 2019. Among them, cblC deficiency was confirmed in 70 patients with hydrocephalus by brain imaging and biochemical and genetic analysis. RESULTS Of the 70 patients, 67 (95.7%) had early-onset MMA and homocystinuria. The patients typically had high blood propionylcarnitine and total homocysteine, low methionine, and methylmalonic aciduria. Signs of intracranial hypertension were relatively rare. We measured ventricular dilatation early in the disease by cranial ultrasound and MRI and/or CT. Eighteen different MMACHC mutations, including 4 novel mutations (c.427C>T, c.568insT, c.599G>A, and c.615C>A), were identified biallelically in all 70 patients. c.609G>A was the most frequent mutation, followed by c.658_660del, c.217C>T, and c.567dupT. Three cases were diagnosed by postmortem study. Metabolic therapy, including cobalamin injections supplemented with oral l-carnitine and betaine, was administered in the remaining 67 cases. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed in 36 cases. During the follow-up, psychomotor development, nystagmus, impaired vision, and sunset eyes improved gradually. CONCLUSION Hydrocephalus is a severe condition with several different causes. In this study, ventriculomegaly was found in 70 patients with cblC deficiency. Early diagnosis, etiologic treatment, and prompt surgical intervention are crucial to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxuan He
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Kang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Shen
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruo Mo
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinqing Song
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhehui Chen
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Liu
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Jin
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Dong
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiong Qin
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huifeng Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Huang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Liang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongxin Yao
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yanling Yang
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (R.H., L.K., Y.Z., R.M., J.S., Z.C., Yi Liu, Y.J., M.L., H.D., Y.Y.) and Pediatric Surgery (H.Z., H.L., H.Y.), Peking University First Hospital; Translational Medicine Center (M.S., Y.T.), Chinese PLA General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (Yupeng Liu, J.Q.), People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Department of Endocrinology and Genetic (D. Li), Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou; Department of Pediatrics (H.Z.), Hebei Medical University Second Hospital, Shijiazhuang; Similan Clinic, (M.H.) Beijing; and School of Life Sciences (D. Liang), Central South University, Changsha, China.
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42
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Huizing M, Gahl WA. Inherited disorders of lysosomal membrane transporters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183336. [PMID: 32389669 PMCID: PMC7508925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders caused by defects in lysosomal membrane transporters form a distinct subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). To date, defects in only 10 lysosomal membrane transporters have been associated with inherited disorders. The clinical presentations of these diseases resemble the phenotypes of other LSDs; they are heterogeneous and often present in children with neurodegenerative manifestations. However, for pathomechanistic and therapeutic studies, lysosomal membrane transport defects should be distinguished from LSDs caused by defective hydrolytic enzymes. The involved proteins differ in function, localization, and lysosomal targeting, and the diseases themselves differ in their stored material and therapeutic approaches. We provide an overview of the small group of disorders of lysosomal membrane transporters, emphasizing discovery, pathomechanism, clinical features, diagnostic methods and therapeutic aspects. We discuss common aspects of lysosomal membrane transporter defects that can provide the basis for preclinical research into these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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43
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Szakacs G, Abele R. An inventory of lysosomal ABC transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3965-3985. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Szakacs
- Institute of Enzymology Research Centre of Natural Sciences Eötvös Loránd Research Network Budapest Hungary
- Institute of Cancer Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Rupert Abele
- Institute of Biochemistry Goethe‐University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany
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44
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Giese GE, Walker MD, Ponomarova O, Zhang H, Li X, Minevich G, Walhout AJ. Caenorhabditis elegans methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle activity is sensed and adjusted by a nuclear hormone receptor. eLife 2020; 9:60259. [PMID: 33016879 PMCID: PMC7561351 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that functions in two metabolic pathways: the canonical propionate breakdown pathway and the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine (Met/SAM) cycle. In Caenorhabditis elegans, low vitamin B12, or genetic perturbation of the canonical propionate breakdown pathway results in propionate accumulation and the transcriptional activation of a propionate shunt pathway. This propionate-dependent mechanism requires nhr-10 and is referred to as ‘B12-mechanism-I’. Here, we report that vitamin B12 represses the expression of Met/SAM cycle genes by a propionate-independent mechanism we refer to as ‘B12-mechanism-II’. This mechanism is activated by perturbations in the Met/SAM cycle, genetically or due to low dietary vitamin B12. B12-mechanism-II requires nhr-114 to activate Met/SAM cycle gene expression, the vitamin B12 transporter, pmp-5, and adjust influx and efflux of the cycle by activating msra-1 and repressing cbs-1, respectively. Taken together, Met/SAM cycle activity is sensed and transcriptionally adjusted to be in a tight metabolic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle E Giese
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Melissa D Walker
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Olga Ponomarova
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Hefei Zhang
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Xuhang Li
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Gregory Minevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Albertha Jm Walhout
- Program in Systems Biology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
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45
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Lyon P, Strippoli V, Fang B, Cimmino L. B Vitamins and One-Carbon Metabolism: Implications in Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2867. [PMID: 32961717 PMCID: PMC7551072 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins B9 (folate) and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in the maintenance of one-carbon metabolism: a set of interconnected biochemical pathways driven by folate and methionine to generate methyl groups for use in DNA synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, antioxidant generation, and epigenetic regulation. Dietary deficiencies in B9 and B12, or genetic polymorphisms that influence the activity of enzymes involved in the folate or methionine cycles, are known to cause developmental defects, impair cognitive function, or block normal blood production. Nutritional deficiencies have historically been treated with dietary supplementation or high-dose parenteral administration that can reverse symptoms in the majority of cases. Elevated levels of these vitamins have more recently been shown to correlate with immune dysfunction, cancer, and increased mortality. Therapies that specifically target one-carbon metabolism are therefore currently being explored for the treatment of immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent studies aimed at elucidating the role of folate, B12, and methionine in one-carbon metabolism during normal cellular processes and in the context of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lyon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Victoria Strippoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Byron Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (P.L.); (V.S.); (B.F.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Slotboom DJ, Ettema TW, Nijland M, Thangaratnarajah C. Bacterial multi-solute transporters. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3898-3907. [PMID: 32810294 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial membrane proteins of the SbmA/BacA family are multi-solute transporters that mediate the uptake of structurally diverse hydrophilic molecules, including aminoglycoside antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides. Some family members are full-length ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, whereas other members are truncated homologues that lack the nucleotide-binding domains and thus mediate ATP-independent transport. A recent cryo-EM structure of the ABC transporter Rv1819c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has shed light on the structural basis for multi-solute transport and has provided insight into the mechanism of transport. Here, we discuss how the protein architecture makes SbmA/BacA family transporters prone to inadvertent import of antibiotics and speculate on the question which physiological processes may benefit from multi-solute transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk J Slotboom
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs W Ettema
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Nijland
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chancievan Thangaratnarajah
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Cu-catalyzed click conjugation of cobalamin to a BODIPY-based fluorophore: A versatile tool to explore the cellular biology of vitamin B 12. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 210:111105. [PMID: 32763615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed click conjugation of an azide-functionalized vitamin B12 (cobalamin) and an alkyne-labeled 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) led to the formation of a highly stable fluorescent BODIPY-labeled vitamin B12 (λex/λem = 495/508 nm). The formation of what has been identified as an iodine adduct of the conjugate was also observed as a side-product during this reaction and could be removed using HPLC. BODIPY-labeled vitamin B12 was characterized by NMR and HR-ESI-MS. In vitro studies on wild-type human fibroblasts indicated that BODIPY-labeled vitamin B12 could internalize in a manner similar to that of untagged vitamin B12. ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 4 (ABCD4) is a lysosomal localized transporter required to export vitamin B12 from the lysosomal lumen to the cytosol. Mutations in this transporter result in the accumulation of vitamin B12 in lysosomes. In human fibroblasts harbouring a mutation in ABCD4, BODIPY-labeled vitamin B12 accumulated in the lumen of lysosomes. Our data suggests the potential use of BODIPY-labeled vitamin B12 to investigate the intracellular behavior of the vitamin in the context of disorders related to the abnormal cellular utilization of the vitamin. Moreover, results presented here demonstrate that click chemistry could be exploited for the conjugation of vitamin B12 to various other fluorophores.
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Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq unravels tumour heterogeneity plus M2-like tumour-associated macrophage infiltration and aggressiveness in TNBC. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:189-202. [PMID: 32681241 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a more aggressive clinical course with extensive inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity. Combination of single-cell and bulk tissue transcriptome profiling allows the characterization of tumour heterogeneity and identifies the association of the immune landscape with clinical outcomes. We identified inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity at a single-cell resolution. Tumour cells shared a high correlation amongst stemness, angiogenesis, and EMT in TNBC. A subset of cells with concurrent high EMT, stemness and angiogenesis was identified at the single-cell level. Amongst tumour-infiltrating immune cells, M2-like tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) made up the majority of macrophages and displayed immunosuppressive characteristics. CIBERSORT was applied to estimate the abundance of M2-like TAM in bulk tissue transcriptome file from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). M2-like TAMs were associated with unfavourable prognosis in TNBC patients. A TAM-related gene signature serves as a promising marker for predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Two commonly used machine learning methods, random forest and SVM, were applied to find the genes that were mostly associated with M2-like TAM densities in the gene signature. A neural network-based deep learning framework based on the TAM-related gene signature exhibits high accuracy in predicting the immunotherapy response.
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De Biase I, Gherasim C, La'ulu SL, Asamoah A, Longo N, Yuzyuk T. Laboratory evaluation of homocysteine remethylation disorders and classic homocystinuria: Long-term follow-up using a cohort of 123 patients. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:126-134. [PMID: 32533987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The homocystinurias, caused by defects of remethylation and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency, are characterized by elevated homocysteine and abnormal methionine levels. Various treatments, including injectable hydroxycobalamin and oral betaine, aim to reduce homocysteine toxicity and normalize methionine, but only limited biochemical data has been reported assessing biochemical response to treatment. We analyzed laboratory results in 812 plasma samples from 56 patients with remethylation disorders and 67 patients with CBS deficiency. Total plasma homocysteine (tHcys) decreased with therapy, but rarely normalized regardless of treatment, with highest levels seen in CBS (116 ± 79 μmol/L) and MTHFR (102 ± 56 μmol/L) deficiencies. In CBS deficiency, tHcys correlated positively with methionine (rs = 0.51, p < 0.0001) and inversely with cystine (rs = -0.57, p < 0.0001) consistent with a metabolic block downstream of homocysteine. In patients with remethylation disorders, methionine was mostly normal on therapy, and inversely correlated with tHcys (rs = -0.57, p < 0.0001) demonstrating effectiveness of hydroxycobalamin and/or betaine in stimulating tHcys remethylation. Betaine also significantly increased sarcosine from its pre-treatment level on average 19-fold in remethylation disorders and 3-fold in CBS deficiency, with sarcosine > 5 μmol/L being 97% sensitive and 95% specific for betaine therapy. These results show that existing therapies improve sulfur amino acid metabolism without completely normalizing it and that sarcosine can determine compliance to betaine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene De Biase
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Carmen Gherasim
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States(1)
| | - Sonia L La'ulu
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Alexander Asamoah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tatiana Yuzyuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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50
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Zhuang Z, Ding R, Peng L, Wu J, Ye Y, Zhou S, Wang X, Quan J, Zheng E, Cai G, Huang W, Yang J, Wu Z. Genome-wide association analyses identify known and novel loci for teat number in Duroc pigs using single-locus and multi-locus models. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:344. [PMID: 32380955 PMCID: PMC7204245 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More teats are necessary for sows to nurse larger litters to provide immunity and nutrient for piglets prior to weaning. Previous studies have reported the strong effect of an insertion mutation in the Vertebrae Development Associated (VRTN) gene on Sus scrofa chromosome 7 (SSC7) that increased the number of thoracic vertebrae and teat number in pigs. We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to map genetic markers and genes associated with teat number in two Duroc pig populations with different genetic backgrounds. A single marker method and several multi-locus methods were utilized. A meta-analysis that combined the effects and P-values of 34,681 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were common in the results of single marker GWAS of American and Canadian Duroc pigs was conducted. We also performed association tests between the VRTN insertion and teat number in the same populations. RESULTS A total of 97 SNPs were found to be associated with teat number. Among these, six, eight and seven SNPs were consistently detected with two, three and four multi-locus methods, respectively. Seven SNPs were concordantly identified between single marker and multi-locus methods. Moreover, 26 SNPs were newly found by multi-locus methods to be associated with teat number. Notably, we detected one consistent quantitative trait locus (QTL) on SSC7 for teat number using single-locus and meta-analysis of GWAS and the top SNP (rs692640845) explained 8.68% phenotypic variance of teat number in the Canadian Duroc pigs. The associations between the VRTN insertion and teat number in two Duroc pig populations were substantially weaker. Further analysis revealed that the effect of VRTN on teat number may be mediated by its LD with the true causal mutation. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that VRTN insertion may not be a strong or the only candidate causal mutation for the QTL on SSC7 for teat number in the analyzed Duroc pig populations. The combination of single-locus and multi-locus GWAS detected additional SNPs that were absent using only one model. The identified SNPs will be useful for the genetic improvement of teat number in pigs by assigning higher weights to associated SNPs in genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Ding
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Longlong Peng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ye
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenping Zhou
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Quan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of animal science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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