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Armirola-Ricaurte C, Morant L, Adant I, Hamed SA, Pipis M, Efthymiou S, Amor-Barris S, Atkinson D, Van de Vondel L, Tomic A, de Vriendt E, Zuchner S, Ghesquiere B, Hanna M, Houlden H, Lunn MP, Reilly MM, Rasic VM, Jordanova A. Biallelic variants in COX18 cause a mitochondrial disorder primarily manifesting as peripheral neuropathy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.03.24309787. [PMID: 39006432 PMCID: PMC11245062 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.24309787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial dynamics are a common cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), while primary deficiencies in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) are rare and atypical for this etiology. This study aims to report COX18 as a novel CMT-causing gene. This gene encodes an assembly factor of mitochondrial Complex IV (CIV) that translocates the C-terminal tail of MTCO2 across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Exome sequencing was performed in four affected individuals. The patients and available family members underwent thorough neurological and electrophysiological assessment. The impact of one of the identified variants on splicing, protein levels, and mitochondrial bioenergetics was investigated in patient-derived lymphoblasts. The functionality of the mutant protein was assessed using a Proteinase K protection assay and immunoblotting. Neuronal relevance of COX18 was assessed in a Drosophila melanogaster knockdown model. Exome sequencing coupled with homozygosity mapping revealed a homozygous splice variant c.435-6A>G in COX18 in two siblings with early-onset progressive axonal sensory-motor peripheral neuropathy. By querying external databases, we identified two additional families with rare deleterious biallelic variants in COX18 . All affected individuals presented with axonal CMT and some patients also exhibited central nervous system symptoms, such as dystonia and spasticity. Functional characterization of the c.435-6A>G variant demonstrated that it leads to the expression of an alternative transcript that lacks exon 2, resulting in a stable but defective COX18 isoform. The mutant protein impairs CIV assembly and activity, leading to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. Downregulation of the COX18 homolog in Drosophila melanogaster displayed signs of neurodegeneration, including locomotor deficit and progressive axonal degeneration of sensory neurons. Our study presents genetic and functional evidence that supports COX18 as a newly identified gene candidate for autosomal recessive axonal CMT with or without central nervous system involvement. These findings emphasize the significance of peripheral neuropathy within the spectrum of primary mitochondrial disorders and the role of mitochondrial CIV in the development of CMT. Our research has important implications for the diagnostic workup of CMT patients.
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Norrito RL, Puleo MG, Pintus C, Basso MG, Rizzo G, Di Chiara T, Di Raimondo D, Parrinello G, Tuttolomondo A. Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case Report and a Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:176. [PMID: 38391750 PMCID: PMC10887192 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are an uncommon complication of cancer, affecting nearby 1/10,000 subjects with a tumour. PNSs can involve all the central and peripheral nervous systems, the muscular system, and the neuromuscular junction, causing extremely variable symptomatology. The diagnosis of the paraneoplastic disease usually precedes the clinical manifestations of cancer, making an immediate recognition of the pathology crucial to obtain a better prognosis. PNSs are autoimmune diseases caused by the expression of common antigens by the tumour and the nervous system. Specific antibodies can help clinicians diagnose them, but unfortunately, they are not always detectable. Immunosuppressive therapy and the treatment of cancer are the cornerstones of therapy for PNSs. This paper reports a case of PNSs associated with breast tumours and focuses on the most common paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. We report a case of a young female with a clinical syndrome of the occurrence of rigidity in the right lower limb with postural instability with walking supported and diplopia, with a final diagnosis of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and seronegative rigid human syndrome associated with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Luca Norrito
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Puleo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pintus
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Basso
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Chiara
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Parrinello
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Gao T, Cheng S, Lu H, Li X, Weng X, Ge J. Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1 Improves Critical Limb Ischemia by Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4859. [PMID: 38068718 PMCID: PMC10708213 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that typically occurs in the later stages of the disease. Vascularization is indeed an important physiological process involving the formation of new blood vessels from existing ones. It occurs in response to various normal and pathophysiological conditions, and one of its critical roles is to compensate for inadequate oxygen supply, which is often seen in situations like chronic limb ischemia (CLI). Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint1) is a member of the Hint family that has been shown to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, but its role in vascularization still needs to be clarified. In this study, we investigated the role of Hint1 in CLI. We found that Hint1 is significantly reduced in the muscle tissue of STZ-induced diabetic mice and high-glucose (HG)-treated endothelial cells (ECs). Hint1 deletion impaired blood flow recovery and vascularization, whereas Hint1 overexpression promoted these processes. In addition, our in vitro study showed that Hint1 deficiency aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction in ECs, as evidenced by impaired mitochondrial respiration, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased reactive oxygen species. Our findings suggest that Hint1 deficiency impairs blood perfusion by damaging mitochondrial function and that Hint1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for treating CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Rizhao International Heart Hospital, Rizhao 276825, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (T.G.); (H.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Vanhaesebrouck A, Van Poucke M, Stee K, Granger N, Ives E, Van Soens I, Cornelis I, Bossens K, Peelman L, Van Ham L, Bhatti SFM. Generalized myokymia, or neuromyotonia, or both in dogs with or without spinocerebellar ataxia. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2310-2314. [PMID: 37905444 PMCID: PMC10658559 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KCNJ10 and CAPN1 variants cause "spinocerebellar" ataxia in dogs, but their association with generalized myokymia and neuromyotonia remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between KCNJ10 and CAPN1 and myokymia or neuromyotonia, with or without concurrent spinocerebellar ataxia. ANIMALS Thirty-three client-owned dogs with spinocerebellar ataxia, myokymia neuromytonia, or a combination of these signs. METHODS Genetic analysis of a cohort of dogs clinically diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia, myokymia or neuromyotonia. KCNJ10 c.627C>G and CAPN1 c.344G>A variants and the coding sequence of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA6, KCNJ10 and HINT1 were sequenced using DNA extracted from blood samples. RESULTS Twenty-four Jack Russell terriers, 1 Jack Russell terrier cross, 1 Dachshund and 1 mixed breed with spinocerebellar ataxia were biallelic (homozygous) for the KCNJ10 c.627C>G variant. Twenty-one of those dogs had myokymia, neuromyotonia, or both. One Parson Russell terrier with spinocerebellar ataxia alone was biallelic for the CAPN1 c.344G>A variant. Neither variant was found in 1 Jack Russell terrier with ataxia alone, nor in 3 Jack Russell terriers and 1 Yorkshire terrier with myokymia and neuromyotonia alone. No other causal variants were found in the coding sequence of the investigated candidate genes in these latter 5 dogs. CONCLUSION The KCNJ10 c.627C>G variant, or rarely the CAPN1 c.344G>A variant, was confirmed to be the causal variant of spinocerebellar ataxia. We also report the presence of the KCNJ10 c.627C>G variant in the Dachshund breed. In dogs with myokymia and neuromyotonia alone the reported gene variants were not found. Other genetic or immune-mediated causes should be investigated to explain the clinical signs of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary SciencesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Kimberley Stee
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary SciencesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Edward Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK
| | - Iris Van Soens
- Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of LiègeLiegeBelgium
| | - Ine Cornelis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary SciencesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Luc Peelman
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary SciencesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Luc Van Ham
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary SciencesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Sofie F. M. Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary SciencesGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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Dillenburg M, Smith J, Wagner CR. The Many Faces of Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (HINT1). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1310-1322. [PMID: 37854629 PMCID: PMC10580397 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) is a nucleoside phosphoramidase that has garnered interest due to its widespread expression and participation in a broad range of biological processes. Herein, we discuss the role of HINT1 as a regulator of several CNS functions, tumor suppressor, and mast cell activator via its interactions with multiple G-protein-coupled receptors and transcription factors. Importantly, altered HINT1 expression and mutation are connected to the progression of multiple disease states, including several neuropsychiatric disorders, peripheral neuropathy, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, due to its involvement in the activation of several clinically used phosphoramidate prodrugs, tremendous efforts have been made to better understand the interactions behind nucleoside binding and phosphoramidate hydrolysis by HINT1. We detail the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HINT1 hydrolysis, while highlighting the structural biology behind these efforts. The aim of this review is to summarize the multitude of biological and pharmacological functions in which HINT1 participates while addressing the areas of need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Dillenburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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6
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Kazamel M, Ho CY. Editorial: Diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders in the era of personalized genomic medicine. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1188037. [PMID: 37292125 PMCID: PMC10246771 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1188037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kazamel
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Ferrara JM, Wiid M, Burke S. Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2-Related Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability Associated With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 4F. Neurohospitalist 2023; 13:164-168. [PMID: 37064943 PMCID: PMC10091429 DOI: 10.1177/19418744221140182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Contactin-associated protein-like 2 autoimmunity is an uncommon disorder resulting in peripheral nerve hyperexcitability or encephalitis. In a fifth of cases, onset may be provoked by thymoma, but other associations are largely unknown. We report a patient with anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2-related peripheral nerve hyperexcitability arising in the setting of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4F and discuss potential mechanisms underlying the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Ferrara
- Division of Neurology, Department of
Internal Medicine, East Carolina University School of
Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Michael Wiid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sean Burke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Comprehensive Neurology Services, Frederick Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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8
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Jiang N, Vazquez Do Campo R, Kazamel M. Case report: A novel homozygous histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 mutation featuring distal hereditary motor-predominant neuropathy with rimmed vacuoles. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1007051. [PMID: 36846110 PMCID: PMC9943687 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1007051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recessive mutations in the gene encoding the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) are associated with axonal motor-predominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease with neuromyotonia. A total of 24 HINT1 gene mutations have been reported so far. Some of these cases had mild to moderate elevations of creatinine kinase with no earlier reports of muscle biopsy findings in these cases. In this study, we describe a patient with axonal motor-predominant neuropathy and myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, likely due to a novel HINT1 gene mutation. Case report A 35-year-old African American man presented with insidious onset and progressive symmetric distal leg weakness followed by hand muscle atrophy and weakness since the age of 25. He had no muscle cramps or sensory complaints. His 38-year-old brother developed similar symptoms beginning in his early 30 s. On neurologic examination, the patient had distal weakness and atrophy in all limbs, claw hands, pes cavus, absent Achilles reflexes, and normal sensory examination. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed absent/reduced compound motor action potential amplitudes distally with normal sensory responses with no neuromyotonia. His sural nerve biopsy showed a chronic non-specific axonal neuropathy, and a biopsy of the tibialis anterior muscle demonstrated myopathic features and several muscle fibers harboring rimmed vacuoles without inflammation in addition to chronic denervation changes. A homozygous variant, p.I63N (c.188T > A), in the HINT1 gene was found in both brothers. Conclusion We describe a novel, likely pathogenic, HINT1 pI63N (c.188T > A) homozygous variant associated with hereditary axonal motor-predominant neuropathy without neuromyotonia in two African American brothers. The presence of rimmed vacuoles on muscle biopsy raises the possibility that mutations in the HINT1 gene may also cause myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rocio Vazquez Do Campo
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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9
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Rozevska M, Rots D, Gailite L, Linde R, Mironovs S, Timcenko M, Linovs V, Locmele D, Micule I, Lace B, Kenina V. The most common European HINT1 neuropathy variant phenotype and its case studies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1084335. [PMID: 36873433 PMCID: PMC9981799 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1084335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HINT1 is an ubiquitous homodimeric purine phosphoramidase belonging to the histidine-triad superfamily. In neurons, HINT1 stabilizes the interaction of different receptors and regulates the effects of their signaling disturbances. Changes in HINT1 gene are associated with autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. Aim of the study was detailed description of patients' phenotype with HINT1 homozygous NM_005340.7: c.110G>C (p.Arg37Pro) variant. Seven homozygous and three compound heterozygous patients were recruited and evaluated using standardized tests for CMT patients, in four patients' nerve ultrasonography was performed. The median age of symptom onset was 10 years (range 1-20), with initial complaints being distal lower limb weakness with gait impairment, combined with muscle stiffness, more pronounced in the hands than in the legs and worsened by cold. Arm muscles became involved later, presenting with distal weakness and hypotrophy. Neuromyotonia was present in all reported patients and is thus a diagnostic hallmark. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated axonal polyneuropathy. Impaired mental performance was observed in six out of ten cases. In all patients with HINT1 neuropathy, ultrasound examination showed significantly reduced muscle volume as well as spontaneous fasciculations and fibrillations. The nerve cross-sectional areas of the median and ulnar nerves were closer to the lower limits of the normal values. None of the investigated nerves had structural changes. Our findings broaden the phenotype of HINT1-neuropathy and have implications for diagnostics and ultrasonographic evaluation of HINT1-neuropathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Rozevska
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dmitrijs Rots
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Linda Gailite
- Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ronalds Linde
- Rare Neurological Disease Department, Pauls' Stradins University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Stanislavs Mironovs
- Rare Neurological Disease Department, Pauls' Stradins University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Dzintra Locmele
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Micule
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Lace
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Viktorija Kenina
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Clinic, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.,Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Rare Neurological Disease Department, Pauls' Stradins University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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10
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Strom A, Shah R, Dolot R, Rogers MS, Tong CL, Wang D, Xia Y, Lipscomb JD, Wagner CR. Dynamic Long-Range Interactions Influence Substrate Binding and Catalysis by Human Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Proteins (HINTs), Key Regulators of Multiple Cellular Processes and Activators of Antiviral ProTides. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2648-2661. [PMID: 36398895 PMCID: PMC9854251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human histidine triad nucleotide-binding (hHINT) proteins catalyze nucleotide phosphoramidase and acyl-phosphatase reactions that are essential for the activation of antiviral proTides, such as Sofosbuvir and Remdesivir. hHINT1 and hHINT2 are highly homologous but exhibit disparate roles as regulators of opioid tolerance (hHINT1) and mitochondrial activity (hHINT2). NMR studies of hHINT1 reveal a pair of dynamic surface residues (Q62, E100), which gate a conserved water channel leading to the active site 13 Å away. hHINT2 crystal structures identify analogous residues (R99, D137) and water channel. hHINT1 Q62 variants significantly alter the steady-state kcat and Km for turnover of the fluorescent substrate (TpAd), while stopped-flow kinetics indicate that KD also changes. hHINT2, like hHINT1, exhibits a burst phase of adenylation, monitored by fluorescent tryptamine release, prior to rate-limiting hydrolysis and nucleotide release. hHINT2 exhibits a much smaller burst-phase amplitude than hHINT1, which is further diminished in hHINT2 R99Q. Kinetic simulations suggest that amplitude variations can be accounted for by a variable fluorescent yield of the E·S complex from changes in the environment of bound TpAd. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements of inhibitor binding show that these hHINT variants also alter the thermodynamic binding profile. We propose that these altered surface residues engender long-range dynamic changes that affect the orientation of bound ligands, altering the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of hHINT active site function. Thus, studies of the cellular roles and proTide activation potential by hHINTs should consider the importance of long-range interactions and possible protein binding surfaces far from the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Strom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rachit Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rafal Dolot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Melanie S. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States,Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,United States
| | - Cher-Ling Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Youlin Xia
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John D. Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States,Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,United States
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States,Address correspondence to: Carston R. Wagner, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 2231 6th Street S.E., Cancer & Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA,
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11
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Morel V, Campana-Salort E, Boyer A, Esselin F, Walther-Louvier U, Querin G, Latour P, Lia AS, Magdelaine C, Beze-Beyrie P, Behin A, Delague V, Levy N, Stojkovic T, Attarian S, Bonello-Palot N. HINT1 neuropathy: Expanding the genotype and phenotype spectrum. Clin Genet 2022; 102:379-390. [PMID: 35882622 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN) is a heterogeneous group of disorders due to pathogenic variation in more than 100 genes. In 2012, the first cases of IPN associated with HINT1 pathogenic variations were described in 33 families sharing the same phenotype characterized by an axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia and autosomal recessive inheritance (NMAN: OMIM #137200). Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 regulates transcription, cell-cycle control, and is possibly involved in neuropsychiatric pathophysiology. Herein, we report seven French patients with NMAN identified by Next Generation Sequencing. We conducted a literature review and compared phenotypic and genotypic features with our cohort. We identified a new HINT1 pathogenic variation involved in NMAN: c.310G>C p.(Gly104Arg). This cohort is comparable with literature data regarding age of onset (7,4yo), neuronal involvement (sensorimotor 3/7 and motor pure 4/7), and skeletal abnormalities (scoliosis 3/7, feet anomalies 6/7). We expand the phenotypic spectrum of HINT1-related neuropathy by describing neurodevelopmental or psychiatric features in six out of seven individuals such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), mood disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, only 3/128 previously described patients had neuropsychiatric symptomatology or neurodevelopmental disorder. These features could be part of HINT1-related disease, and we should further study the clinical phenotype of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Morel
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Campana-Salort
- APHM, CHU Timone, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la SLA, ERN-NMD, Marseille, France
| | - Amandine Boyer
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Esselin
- CHU Montpellier, Centre de référence des Maladies du Motoneurone et des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Montpellier, France
| | - Ulrike Walther-Louvier
- CHU Montpellier, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC (Atlantique-Occitanie-Caraïbe), Montpellier, France
| | - Giorgia Querin
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France.,Institut de Myologie I-Motion clinical trials platform, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- CHU de Lyon, GH Est, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Bron, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Anthony Behin
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Delague
- INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France.,INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- APHM, CHU Timone, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et de la SLA, ERN-NMD, Marseille, France.,INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bonello-Palot
- APHM, CHU Timone, Département de Génétique Médicale, Marseille, France.,INSERM, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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12
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Popovych LV, Shatillo AV, Zelinska NB, Tavokina LV, Gorodna OV, Livshits GB, Sirokha DA, Livshits LA. The Combination of Chromosomal Reorganization and Inherited Point Mutation Has Led to the Development of a Rare Clinical Phenotype in a Patient with Disorder of Sex Differentiation and Neuromuscular Pathology. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Xu L, Wang G, Lv X, Zhang D, Yan C, Lin P. A novel mutation in HINT1 gene causes autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia, effective treatment with carbamazepine and review of the literature. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:1305-1312. [PMID: 35767146 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-02006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM) is a rare disease entity linked to mutations in the histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) gene. The diagnosis and treatment of ARAN-NM are challenging. There have been few reports of ARAN-NM in East Asia. METHODS A 15-year-old Chinese ARAN-NM patient developed muscle weakness, cramps and atrophy in the lower limbs at the age of 12. Electromyography (EMG) showed motor axonal degeneration and neuromyotonic discharges. Whole exome sequencing was performed. Bioinformatic methods and computational 3D structure modeling were used to analyze the identified variant. According to literature review, carbamazepine was prescribed to the patient. RESULTS Genetic tests identified a homozygous mutation c.356G > T (p.R119L) in the HINT1 gene, which has never been reported before according to HGMD database. Several bioinformatic approaches predicted the variant was damaging. Computational 3D modeling indicated the variant changed the structure of HINT1 protein. Notably, we demonstrated the positive effects of carbamazepine in treating muscle stiffness and cramps of ARAN-NM. DISCUSSION 22 variants have been reported in the HINT1 gene, and we identified a novel c.356G > T (p.R119L) variant. Our study expands the genetic spectrum of ARAN-NM. Moreover, large clinical trials are required to further demonstrate the role of carbamazepine in ARAN-NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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14
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Fang J, Huang H, Lei Q, Luo Y, Tang Z, Shi X, Tang JG. Myasthenia gravis coexisting with HINT1-related motor axonal neuropathy without neuromyotonia: a case report. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:168. [PMID: 35501818 PMCID: PMC9063049 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HINT1 mutations cause an autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. This is a first case report of coexistence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and HINT1-related motor axonal neuropathy without neuromyotonia. Case presentation A 32-year-old woman presented with recurrent ptosis for 8 years, diplopia for 2 years and limb weakness for 1 year and a half. Neostigmine test, elevated AChR antibody level and positive repetitive nerve stimulation supported the diagnosis of MG. Electroneurography (ENG) and electromyography (EMG) examinations revealed a motor axonal neuropathy without neuromyotonic or myokymic discharges. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the gene responsible for suspected hereditary neuropathy. Genetic testing for a HINT1 mutation was performed and revealed a homozygous mutation at c.278G>T (p. G93V). The patient was treated with pyridostigmine, oral prednisolone and azathioprine. Her ptosis and diplopia have significantly improved at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions Concurrence of MG and hereditary motor axonal neuropathy without neuromyotonia is quite rare. Detection of ptosis with or without ophthalmoplegia, distribution of limb weakness, and reflex can help in recognizing the combination of MG and peripheral neuropathy. Early diagnosis is important for initial treatment and prognosis. The novel homozygous variant c.278G>T(p.G93V) contributes to the pathogenic variants spectrum of the HINT1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengchu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Guang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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Posa A, Kornhuber M. EMG-Phänomene peripherer motorisch axonaler
Übererregbarkeit. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1536-9243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungBei der Nadel-Elektromyographie (EMG) besitzen Phänomene der vermehrten
Erregbarkeit von Muskelfasern und von motorischen Axonen Bedeutung für
die Diagnostik neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen. Zur motorisch axonalen
Übererregbarkeit gehören spontane Phänomene wie
Faszikulationen, spontane kontinuierliche Einzelentladungen der motorischen
Einheit (SKEME), Myokymien, neuromyotone Entladungsserien und Krampi. Ferner
gehören dazu reizinduzierte Phänomene wie manche A-Wellen,
reizinduzierte komplex repetitive Entladungen oder tetanischen Spasmen bei
Elektrolytstörungen. In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird der
Kenntnisstand zu den verschiedenen Phänomenen motorisch axonaler
Übererregbarkeit referiert. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den SKEME
als neuem Mitglied der Gruppe spontaner Potenziale aus dem motorischen Axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Posa
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie,
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)
| | - Malte Kornhuber
- Universitätsklinik für Neurologie,
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale)
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16
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Gentile L, Russo M, Taioli F, Ferrarini M, Aguennouz M, Rodolico C, Toscano A, Fabrizi GM, Mazzeo A. Rare among Rare: Phenotypes of Uncommon CMT Genotypes. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121616. [PMID: 34942918 PMCID: PMC8699517 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is the most frequent form of inherited chronic motor and sensory polyneuropathy. Over 100 CMT causative genes have been identified. Previous reports found PMP22, GJB1, MPZ, and MFN2 as the most frequently involved genes. Other genes, such as BSCL2, MORC2, HINT1, LITAF, GARS, and autosomal dominant GDAP1 are responsible for only a minority of CMT cases. (2) Methods: we present here our records of CMT patients harboring a mutation in one of these rare genes (BSCL2, MORC2, HINT1, LITAF, GARS, autosomal dominant GDAP1). We studied 17 patients from 8 unrelated families. All subjects underwent neurologic evaluation and genetic testing by next-generation sequencing on an Ion Torrent PGM (Thermo Fischer) with a 44-gene custom panel. (3) Results: the following variants were found: BSCL2 c.263A > G p.Asn88Ser (eight subjects), MORC2 c.1503A > T p.Gln501His (one subject), HINT1 c.110G > C p.Arg37Pro (one subject), LITAF c.404C > G p.Pro135Arg (two subjects), GARS c.1660G > A p.Asp554Asn (three subjects), GDAP1 c.374G > A p.Arg125Gln (two subjects). (4) Expanding the spectrum of CMT phenotypes is of high relevance, especially for less common variants that have a higher risk of remaining undiagnosed. The necessity of reaching a genetic definition for most patients is great, potentially making them eligible for future experimentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gentile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Federica Taioli
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Moreno Ferrarini
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (G.M.F.)
| | - M’Hammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.T.); (M.F.); (G.M.F.)
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona—Borgo Roma, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Mazzeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.R.); (M.A.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (A.M.)
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17
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Choi HW. Fasciculations in Children. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 125:40-47. [PMID: 34628142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fasciculations are the most common form of spontaneous muscle contraction. They frequently occur in healthy individuals. However, there are a minority of situations that fasciculations are observed in association with specific neurologic disorders. Publications concerning the evaluation of pediatric patients experiencing fasciculations are limited. These children may undergo invasive or expensive diagnostic investigations that are unnecessary. Moreover, without careful consideration of differential diagnoses, rare neuromuscular disorders that present with fasciculations in the pediatric age group can be under-recognized by pediatric neurologists. This review examines the most important pediatric disorders presenting with fasciculations and other spontaneous muscle contractions to guide pediatric neurologists in evaluating these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Won Choi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Lemoyne, Pennsylvania.
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18
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Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Cortés-Montero E, Onetti Y, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Garzón-Niño J. The σ1 Receptor and the HINT1 Protein Control α2δ1 Binding to Glutamate NMDA Receptors: Implications in Neuropathic Pain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1681. [PMID: 34827679 PMCID: PMC8615847 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury produces neuropathic pain through the binding of α2δ1 proteins to glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Notably, mice with a targeted deletion of the sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) gene do not develop neuropathy, whereas mice lacking the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint1) gene exhibit exacerbated allodynia. σ1R antagonists more effectively diminish neuropathic pain of spinal origin when administered by intracerebroventricular injection than systemically. Thus, in mice subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI), we studied the participation of σ1Rs and HINT1 proteins in the formation of α2δ1-NMDAR complexes within the supraspinal periaqueductal gray (PAG). We found that δ1 peptides required σ1Rs in order to interact with the NMDAR NR1 variant that contains the cytosolic C1 segment. σ1R antagonists or low calcium levels provoke the dissociation of σ1R-NR1 C1 dimers, while they barely affect the integrity of δ1-σ1R-NR1 C1 trimers. However, HINT1 does remove δ1 peptides from the trimer, thereby facilitating the subsequent dissociation of σ1Rs from NMDARs. In σ1R-/- mice, CCI does not promote the formation of NMDAR-α2δ1 complexes and allodynia does not develop. The levels of α2δ1-σ1R-NMDAR complexes increase in HINT1-/- mice and after inducing CCI, degradation of α2δ1 proteins is observed. Notably, σ1R antagonists but not gabapentinoids alleviate neuropathic pain in these mice. During severe neuropathy, the metabolism of α2δ1 proteins may account for the failure of many patients to respond to gabapentinoids. Therefore, σ1Rs promote and HINT1 proteins hinder the formation α2δ1-NMDAR complexes in the PAG, and hence, the appearance of mechanical allodynia depends on the interplay between these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Neuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (E.C.-M.); (Y.O.); (P.S.-B.)
| | - Elsa Cortés-Montero
- Neuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (E.C.-M.); (Y.O.); (P.S.-B.)
| | - Yara Onetti
- Neuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (E.C.-M.); (Y.O.); (P.S.-B.)
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (E.C.-M.); (Y.O.); (P.S.-B.)
| | - Javier Garzón-Niño
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Kontogeorgiou Z, Voudommatis C, Kartanou C, Pandis D, Breza M, Zambelis T, Stefanis L, Panas M, Koutsis G, Karadima G. HINT1-related neuropathy in Greek patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:444-448. [PMID: 34694653 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM) is a rare hereditary neuropathy within the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) spectrum, linked to mutations in the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) gene. HINT1-related neuropathy is particularly common in selected populations from Central and Eastern Europe but rare in Western European cohorts. It has not been investigated to date in the Greek population. We presently investigated the frequency of HINT1-neuropathy in a selected cohort of 42 Greek index patients with autosomal recessive or sporadic axonal hereditary neuropathy according to standard molecular genetics procedures. We identified 4 patients with biallelic mutations in HINT1, comprising 9.5% of all cases and 44.4% of cases also displaying neuromyotonia. The c.110G> C (p.Arg37Pro) HINT1 mutation was present in all cases (2 homozygous) and the c.250T> C (p.Cys84Arg) in 2 cases (compound heterozygous). HINT1-related neuropathy patients were characterized by early onset and neuromyotonia. Two patients had noteworthy clinical features, one case developing myoclonic epilepsy and the other displaying "adducted thumbs." We conclude that HINT1-related neuropathy is common in selected Greek patients with hereditary neuropathy within the CMT spectrum, in accordance with some, but not all, European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Kontogeorgiou
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Voudommatis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrisoula Kartanou
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysis Pandis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Breza
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Zambelis
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Panas
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koutsis
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Karadima
- Neurogenetics Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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De La Vega FM, Chowdhury S, Moore B, Frise E, McCarthy J, Hernandez EJ, Wong T, James K, Guidugli L, Agrawal PB, Genetti CA, Brownstein CA, Beggs AH, Löscher BS, Franke A, Boone B, Levy SE, Õunap K, Pajusalu S, Huentelman M, Ramsey K, Naymik M, Narayanan V, Veeraraghavan N, Billings P, Reese MG, Yandell M, Kingsmore SF. Artificial intelligence enables comprehensive genome interpretation and nomination of candidate diagnoses for rare genetic diseases. Genome Med 2021; 13:153. [PMID: 34645491 PMCID: PMC8515723 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical interpretation of genetic variants in the context of the patient's phenotype is becoming the largest component of cost and time expenditure for genome-based diagnosis of rare genetic diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise to greatly simplify and speed genome interpretation by integrating predictive methods with the growing knowledge of genetic disease. Here we assess the diagnostic performance of Fabric GEM, a new, AI-based, clinical decision support tool for expediting genome interpretation. METHODS We benchmarked GEM in a retrospective cohort of 119 probands, mostly NICU infants, diagnosed with rare genetic diseases, who received whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing (WGS, WES). We replicated our analyses in a separate cohort of 60 cases collected from five academic medical centers. For comparison, we also analyzed these cases with current state-of-the-art variant prioritization tools. Included in the comparisons were trio, duo, and singleton cases. Variants underpinning diagnoses spanned diverse modes of inheritance and types, including structural variants (SVs). Patient phenotypes were extracted from clinical notes by two means: manually and using an automated clinical natural language processing (CNLP) tool. Finally, 14 previously unsolved cases were reanalyzed. RESULTS GEM ranked over 90% of the causal genes among the top or second candidate and prioritized for review a median of 3 candidate genes per case, using either manually curated or CNLP-derived phenotype descriptions. Ranking of trios and duos was unchanged when analyzed as singletons. In 17 of 20 cases with diagnostic SVs, GEM identified the causal SVs as the top candidate and in 19/20 within the top five, irrespective of whether SV calls were provided or inferred ab initio by GEM using its own internal SV detection algorithm. GEM showed similar performance in absence of parental genotypes. Analysis of 14 previously unsolved cases resulted in a novel finding for one case, candidates ultimately not advanced upon manual review for 3 cases, and no new findings for 10 cases. CONCLUSIONS GEM enabled diagnostic interpretation inclusive of all variant types through automated nomination of a very short list of candidate genes and disorders for final review and reporting. In combination with deep phenotyping by CNLP, GEM enables substantial automation of genetic disease diagnosis, potentially decreasing cost and expediting case review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. De La Vega
- Fabric Genomics Inc., Oakland, CA USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Current Address: Tempus Labs Inc., Redwood City, CA 94065 USA
| | - Shimul Chowdhury
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Barry Moore
- Department of Human Genetics, Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | | | | | - Edgar Javier Hernandez
- Department of Human Genetics, Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Terence Wong
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Kiely James
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Lucia Guidugli
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Casie A. Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Catherine A. Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alan H. Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Britt-Sabina Löscher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Braden Boone
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Shawn E. Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark Yandell
- Fabric Genomics Inc., Oakland, CA USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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21
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de Aguiar Coelho Silva Madeiro B, Peeters K, Santos de Lima EL, Amor‐Barris S, De Vriendt E, Jordanova A, Cartaxo Muniz MT, da Cunha Correia C. HINT1 founder mutation causing axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia in South America: A case report. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1783. [PMID: 34562060 PMCID: PMC8580089 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recessive loss-of-function mutations in HINT1 are associated with predominantly motor axonal peripheral neuropathy with neuromyotonia. Twenty-four distinct pathogenic variants are reported all over the world, including four confirmed founder variations in Europe and Asia. The majority of patients carry the ancient Slavic founder variant c.110G>C (p.Arg37Pro) that shows a distribution gradient from east to west throughout Europe. METHODS We report a case of HINT1 neuropathy in South America, identified by massive parallel sequencing of a neuropathy gene panel. To investigate the origin of the variant, we performed haplotyping analysis. RESULTS A Brazilian adolescent presented with recessive axonal motor neuropathy with asymmetric onset and fasciculations. Neuromyotonia was found on needle electromyography. His parents were not consanguineous and had no European ancestry. The patient carried biallelic pathogenic p.Arg37Pro alterations in the first exon of HINT1. Both alleles were identical by descent and originated from the same ancestral founder allele as reported in Europe. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the geographic distribution of HINT1 neuropathy to South America, where we describe a recognized founder variant in a Brazilian adolescent with no apparent European ancestry. We confirm the association of the hallmark sign of neuromyotonia with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Els De Vriendt
- VIB‐UAntwerp Center for Molecular NeurologyAntwerpBelgium
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22
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Zhang Y, Da Q, Cao S, Yan K, Shi Z, Miao Q, Li C, Hu L, Sun S, Wu W, Wu L, Chen F, Wang L, Gao Y, Huang Z, Shao Y, Chen H, Wei Y, Chen F, Han Y, Xie L, Ji Y. HINT1 (Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1) Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy Via Suppressing HOXA5 (Homeobox A5) Expression. Circulation 2021; 144:638-654. [PMID: 34098726 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an important prepathology of, and will ultimately lead to, heart failure. However, the mechanisms underlying pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of HINT1 (histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1) in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. METHODS HINT1 was downregulated in human hypertrophic heart samples compared with nonhypertrophic samples by mass spectrometry analysis. Hint1 knockout mice were challenged with transverse aortic constriction surgery. Cardiac-specific overexpression of HINT1 mice by intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-encoding Hint1 under the cTnT (cardiac troponin T) promoter were subjected to transverse aortic construction. Unbiased transcriptional analyses were used to identify the downstream targets of HINT1. AAV9 bearing shRNA against Hoxa5 (homeobox A5) was administrated to investigate whether the effects of HINT1 on cardiac hypertrophy were HOXA5-dependent. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to recapitulate possible changes in transcriptome profile.Coimmunoprecipitation assays and cellular fractionation analyses were conducted to examine the mechanism by which HINT1 regulates the expression of HOXA5. RESULTS The reduction of HINT1 expression was observed in the hearts of hypertrophic patients and pressure overloaded-induced hypertrophic mice, respectively. In Hint1-deficient mice, cardiac hypertrophy deteriorated after transverse aortic construction. Conversely, cardiac-specific overexpression of HINT1 alleviated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Unbiased profiler polymerase chain reaction array showed HOXA5 is 1 target for HINT1, and the cardioprotective role of HINT1 was abolished by HOXA5 knockdown in vivo. Hoxa5 was identified to affect hypertrophy through the TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) signal pathway. Mechanically, HINT1 inhibited PKCβ1 (protein kinase C β type 1) membrane translocation and phosphorylation via direct interaction, attenuating the MEK/ERK/YY1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase/yin yang 1) signal pathway, downregulating HOXA5 expression, and eventually attenuating cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS HINT1 protects against cardiac hypertrophy through suppressing HOXA5 expression. These findings indicate that HINT1 may be a potential target for therapeutic interventions in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Qiang Da
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Siyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Ke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Zhiguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Qing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Lulu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Departments of Bioinformatics (W.W., L.Wu)
| | | | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,Forensic Medicine (Feng Chen, MD, PhD)
| | | | - Yuanqing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (Z.H.)
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Cardiovascular Surgery (Y.S.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.W., Feng Chen, PhD), Nanjing Medical University
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Y.W., Feng Chen, PhD), Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yi Han
- Departments of Geriatrics (Y.H.)
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School (L.X., Y.J.)
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine (Y.Z., Q.D., S.C., K.Y., Z.S., Q.M., C.L., L.H., S.S., Feng Chen, MD, PhD, Y.G., H.C., L.X., Y.J.).,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Y.J.)
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23
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Kara B, Gül S, Güneş AS, Mülayim S, Yeşil G. A Novel Mutation of HINT1 Gene in an Adolescent Female with Axonal Neuropathy and Neuromyotonia. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
HINT1 gene mutations cause an axonal neuropathy with some specific findings including presence of neuromyotonia, autosomal recessive inheritance, onset in the first decade, and primary motor involvement. In this case report, we described an 18-year-old female patient who presented to the clinic with gait instability and muscle stiffness. A homozygous novel c.180_181delAT (p.Ser61Profs*8) variant in the HINT1 gene was found by clinical exome analysis. Parents were heterozygous for the same variant. The patient was diagnosed with autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. The presence of neuromyotonia must be evaluated in patients with hereditary axonal neuropathies as this can help the diagnosis prior to genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Kara
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Sedat Gül
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Sakarya Güneş
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serap Mülayim
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gözde Yeşil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Cortés-Montero E, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Garzón-Niño J. Human HINT1 Mutant Proteins that Cause Axonal Motor Neuropathy Exhibit Anomalous Interactions with Partner Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1834-1845. [PMID: 33404983 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 14 kDa histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is critical to maintain the normal function of motor neurons. Thus, a series of human HINT1 mutants cause autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. HINT1 establishes a series of regulatory interactions with signaling proteins, some of which are enriched in motor neurons, such as the type 1 sigma receptor or intracellular domain (ICD) of transmembrane teneurin 1, both of which are also implicated in motor disturbances. In a previous study, we reported the capacity of HINT1 to remove the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) from a series of substrates and the influence of HINT1 mutants on this activity. We now report how human HINT1 mutations affect the interaction of HINT1 with the regulator of its SUMOylase activity, calcium-activated calmodulin, and its substrate SUMO. Moreover, HINT1 mutants exhibited anomalous interactions with G protein coupled receptors, such as the mu-opioid, and with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors as well. Additionally, these HINT1 mutants showed impaired associations with transcriptional regulators such as the regulator of G protein signaling Z2 protein and the cleaved N-terminal ICD of teneurin 1. Thus, the altered enzymatic activity of human HINT1 mutants and their anomalous interactions with partner proteins may disrupt signaling pathways essential to the normal function of human motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cortés-Montero
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón-Niño
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Amor-Barris S, Høyer H, Brauteset LV, De Vriendt E, Strand L, Jordanova A, Braathen GJ, Peeters K. HINT1 neuropathy in Norway: clinical, genetic and functional profiling. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:116. [PMID: 33663550 PMCID: PMC7934415 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia has been linked to loss of functional HINT1. The disease is particularly prevalent in Central and South-East Europe, Turkey and Russia due to the high carrier frequency of the c.110G > C (p.Arg37Pro) founder variant. Results In a cohort of 748 Norwegian patients with suspected peripheral neuropathy, we identified two seemingly unrelated individuals, compound heterozygous for a new variant (c.284G > A, p.Arg95Gln) and the most common pathogenic founder variant (c.110G > C, p.Arg37Pro) in the HINT1 gene. Probands presented with motor greater than sensory neuropathy of various onset, accompanied by muscle stiffness and cramps in the limbs. Furthermore, they displayed non-classical symptoms, including pain in the extremities and signs of central nervous system involvement. Haplotype analysis in both patients revealed a common chromosomal background for p.Arg95Gln; moreover, the variant was identified in Swedish carriers. Functional characterization in HINT1-knockout and patient-derived cellular models, and in HNT1-knockout yeast, suggested that the new variant is deleterious for the function of HINT1 and provided mechanistic insights allowing patient stratification for future treatment strategies. Conclusion Our findings broaden the genetic epidemiology of HINT1-neuropathy and have implications for molecular diagnostics of inherited peripheral neuropathies in Scandinavia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Amor-Barris
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Helle Høyer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Sykehuset Telemark, Postboks 2900 Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway
| | - Lin V Brauteset
- Division Elverum-Hamar, Department of Children and Youth, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Els De Vriendt
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Linda Strand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Sykehuset Telemark, Postboks 2900 Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium.,Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Geir J Braathen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Sykehuset Telemark, Postboks 2900 Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway.
| | - Kristien Peeters
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Unversiteitsplein 1, Building V, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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26
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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27
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Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Cortés-Montero E, Garzón-Niño J, Sánchez-Blázquez P. The ALS-related σ1R E102Q Mutant Eludes Ligand Control and Exhibits Anomalous Response to Calcium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7339. [PMID: 33020464 PMCID: PMC7582951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptor type 1 (σ1R) is a transmembrane protein expressed throughout the central nervous system and in certain peripheral tissues. The human σ1R E102Q mutation causes juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), likely by inducing a series of alterations in calcium efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria that affects calcium homeostasis and cellular survival. Here, we report the influence of calcium on σ1R E102Q associations with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and transient receptor potential calcium channels A1, V1, and M8. The mutant protein inhibited the binding of calmodulin to these calcium channels and interacted less with BiP than wild-type σ1R, thereby contributing to calcium homeostasis dysfunction. Mutant σ1R, but not wild-type σ1R, strongly bound to histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1, which regulates neuromuscular synaptic organization and target selection through teneurin 1. While ligands regulated the association of σ1R wild-type with NMDARs and BiP, they failed to modulate the interaction between these proteins and the σ1R E102Q mutant. Thus, the σ1R E102Q mutant exhibited an anomalous response to cytosolic calcium levels, altered affinity for target proteins, and a loss of response to regulatory ligands. We believe that these modifications may contribute to the onset of juvenile ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce, 37. 28002 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (E.C.-M.); (J.G.-N.)
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28
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Rzepnikowska W, Kaminska J, Kabzińska D, Binięda K, Kochański A. A Yeast-Based Model for Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies: A Simple System for Complex, Heterogeneous Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124277. [PMID: 32560077 PMCID: PMC7352270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease encompasses a group of rare disorders that are characterized by similar clinical manifestations and a high genetic heterogeneity. Such excessive diversity presents many problems. Firstly, it makes a proper genetic diagnosis much more difficult and, even when using the most advanced tools, does not guarantee that the cause of the disease will be revealed. Secondly, the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed symptoms are extremely diverse and are probably different for most of the disease subtypes. Finally, there is no possibility of finding one efficient cure for all, or even the majority of CMT diseases. Every subtype of CMT needs an individual approach backed up by its own research field. Thus, it is little surprise that our knowledge of CMT disease as a whole is selective and therapeutic approaches are limited. There is an urgent need to develop new CMT models to fill the gaps. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of yeast as a model system in which to study CMT diseases. We show how this single-cell organism may be used to discriminate between pathogenic variants, to uncover the mechanism of pathogenesis, and to discover new therapies for CMT disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Binięda
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Rossi S, Perna A, Modoni A, Bertini E, Riso V, Nicoletti TF, Silvestri G. Response to "Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy caused by HINT1 mutation: New association of a psychiatric disorder to the neurological phenotype". Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:265-266. [PMID: 32171572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rossi
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Perna
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Modoni
- Dipartimento Scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Area neuroscienze, Unità Operativa Complessa Neurologia, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Riso
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippo Nicoletti
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento Scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Area neuroscienze, Unità Operativa Complessa Neurologia, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
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Shchagina OA, Milovidova TB, Murtazina AF, Rudenskaya GE, Nikitin SS, Dadali EL, Polyakov AV. HINT1 gene pathogenic variants: the most common cause of recessive hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies in Russian patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1331-1337. [PMID: 31848916 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the HINT1 gene lead to hereditary axonopathy with neuromyotonia. However, many studies show that neuromyotonia may remain undiagnosed, while axonopathy is the major clinical finding. The most common cause of neuromyotonia and axonopathy, especially in patients of Slavic origin, is a c.110G>C (p.Arg37Pro) pathogenic variant in homozygous or compound heterozygous state. In this study, we analyzed a peripheral neuropathy caused by pathogenic variants in the HINT1 gene and evaluated its contribution to the hereditary neuropathy structure. The studied group included 1596 non-related families diagnosed with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). The results show that HINT1 gene pathogenic variants make a significant contribution to the hereditary neuropathy epidemiology in Russian patients. They account for at least 1.9% of all HMSN cases and 9% of axonopathy cases. The most common HINT1 pathogenic variant in Russian patients is the c.110G>C (p.Arg37Pro) substitution. Its allelic frequency is 0.2% (95% CI 0.19-0.21%), carrier frequency is 1 in 250 people in Russian Federation, and the estimated disease incidence is 1 in 234,000 individuals. It was determined that the cause of this pathogenic variant's prevalence is the founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Shchagina
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Diagnosis №1 of Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechie St., Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - T B Milovidova
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics of Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechie St, Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - A F Murtazina
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechie St., Moscow, Russia, 115522.
| | - G E Rudenskaya
- Scientific and Medical Department of Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechie St., Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - S S Nikitin
- Association of Neuromuscular Disorders Specialists, Build. 2, 17 Krzhizhanovskogo St., Moscow, Russia, 117258
| | - E L Dadali
- Scientific and Medical Department of Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechie St., Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - A V Polyakov
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostics of Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechie St, Moscow, Russia, 115522
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31
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Tatip S, Taggart J, Wang Y, MacDiarmid CW, Eide DJ. Changes in transcription start sites of Zap1-regulated genes during zinc deficiency: Implications for HNT1 gene regulation. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:285-296. [PMID: 31692084 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Changes in RNA are often poor predictors of protein accumulation. One factor disrupting this relationship are changes in transcription start sites (TSSs). Therefore, we explored how alterations in TSS affected expression of genes regulated by the Zap1 transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Zap1 controls their response to zinc deficiency. Among over 80 known Zap1-regulated genes, several produced long leader transcripts (LLTs) in one zinc status condition and short leader transcripts (SLTs) in the other. Fusing LLT and SLT transcript leaders to green fluorescent protein indicated that for five genes, the start site shift likely has little effect on protein synthesis. For four genes, however, the different transcript leaders greatly affected translation. We focused on the HNT1 gene. Zap1 caused a shift from SLT HNT1 RNA in zinc-replete cells to LLT HNT1 RNA in deficient cells. This shift correlated with decreased protein production despite increased RNA. The LLT RNA contains multiple upstream open reading frames that can inhibit translation. Expression of the LLT HNT1 RNA was dependent on Zap1. However, expression of the long transcript was not required to decrease SLT HNT1 mRNA. Our results suggest that the Zap1-activated LLT RNA is a "fail-safe" mechanism to ensure decreased Hnt1 protein in zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Tatip
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Janet Taggart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin W MacDiarmid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Eide
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Yu J, Liu Z, Liang Y, Luo F, Zhang J, Tian C, Motzik A, Zheng M, Kang J, Zhong G, Liu C, Fang P, Guo M, Razin E, Wang J. Second messenger Ap 4A polymerizes target protein HINT1 to transduce signals in FcεRI-activated mast cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4664. [PMID: 31604935 PMCID: PMC6789022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction systems enable organisms to monitor their external environments and accordingly adjust the cellular processes. In mast cells, the second messenger Ap4A binds to the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), disrupts its interaction with the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and eventually activates the transcription of genes downstream of MITF in response to immunostimulation. How the HINT1 protein recognizes and is regulated by Ap4A remain unclear. Here, using eight crystal structures, biochemical experiments, negative stain electron microscopy, and cellular experiments, we report that Ap4A specifically polymerizes HINT1 in solution and in activated rat basophilic leukemia cells. The polymerization interface overlaps with the area on HINT1 for MITF interaction, suggesting a possible competitive mechanism to release MITF for transcriptional activation. The mechanism depends precisely on the length of the phosphodiester linkage of Ap4A. These results highlight a direct polymerization signaling mechanism by the second messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zaizhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuiping Tian
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Alex Motzik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Mengmeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingwu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Kangma BioTech, Co., Ltd, 1131 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ehud Razin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
- NUS-HUJ-CREATE Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Cortés-Montero E, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Garzón J. The Axonal Motor Neuropathy-Related HINT1 Protein Is a Zinc- and Calmodulin-Regulated Cysteine SUMO Protease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:503-520. [PMID: 31088288 PMCID: PMC6648240 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) exhibits proapoptotic and tumor-suppressive activity. HINT1 binds to transcription factors such as teneurin1 and to the regulator of G protein signaling 17 (RGS) (Z2) protein, which incorporates the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), and is implicated in several types of cancer. HINT1 interacts with proteins such as PKCγ and Raf-1 through zinc ions provided by the cysteine-rich domain of RGSZ2 and the coupled neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Recently, a series of HINT1 mutants have been reported to cause human autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM). However, the specific alteration in the function of HINT1 induced by these mutants remains to be elucidated. Because sumoylation modifies protein association and transcriptional regulation, we investigated whether HINT1 exhibits zinc- and redox-regulated sumoylase activity, which may be altered in those mutants. Results: HINT1 exhibits cysteine protease activity to remove SUMO from a variety of signaling proteins. HINT1 sumoylase activity is blocked by zinc, and it is released by nitric oxide or calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM). HINT1 contains a SUMO-interacting motif (110-116 HIHLHVL) and the catalytic triad Cys84-Asp87-His114 in the C-terminal region. Thus, zinc probably provided by the RGSZ2-nNOS complex may bind to Cys84 to block HINT1 isopeptidase activity. Innovation: To date, HINT1 is the only sumoylase that is regulated by two alternate pathways, redox- and calcium-activated CaM. Conclusion: The 15 human HINT1 mutants reported to cause ARAN-NM exhibited altered sumoylase activity, which may contribute to the onset of this human motor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cortés-Montero
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Nam SH, Choi BO. Clinical and genetic aspects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtypes. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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35
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Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing reveals AHNAK2 as a novel genetic cause for autosomal recessive CMT in a Malaysian family. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:117-127. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Jung A, Yun JS, Kim S, Kim SR, Shin M, Cho DH, Choi KS, Chang JH. Crystal Structure of Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein from the Pathogenic Fungus Candida albicans. Mol Cells 2019; 42:56-66. [PMID: 30622225 PMCID: PMC6354057 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily, which has hydrolase activity owing to a histidine triad motif. The HIT superfamily can be divided to five classes with functions in galactose metabolism, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. HINTs are highly conserved from archaea to humans and function as tumor suppressors, translation regulators, and neuropathy inhibitors. Although the structures of HINT proteins from various species have been reported, limited structural information is available for fungal species. Here, to elucidate the structural features and functional diversity of HINTs, we determined the crystal structure of HINT from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (CaHINT) in complex with zinc ions at a resolution of 2.5 Å. Based on structural comparisons, the monomer of CaHINT overlaid best with HINT protein from the protozoal species Leishmania major. Additionally, structural comparisons with human HINT revealed an additional helix at the C-terminus of CaHINT. Interestingly, the extended C-terminal helix interacted with the N-terminal loop (α1-β1) and with the α3 helix, which appeared to stabilize the dimerization of CaHINT. In the C-terminal region, structural and sequence comparisons showed strong relationships among 19 diverse species from archea to humans, suggesting early separation in the course of evolution. Further studies are required to address the functional significance of variations in the C-terminal region. This structural analysis of CaHINT provided important insights into the molecular aspects of evolution within the HIT superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahjin Jung
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Yun
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Shinae Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Cho
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
- Research Institute for Dokdo and Ulleungdo Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
- Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Chang
- Department of Biology Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
- Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
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37
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38
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Wang Z, Lin J, Qiao K, Cai S, Zhang VW, Zhao C, Lu J. Novel mutations in HINT1 gene cause the autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:190-194. [PMID: 30006059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM) is a rare form of hereditary neuropathy. Mutations in HINT1 gene have been identified to be the cause of this disorder. We report two unrelated patients who presented gait impairment, progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, neuromyotonia and foot deformities. Electrophysiological studies showed axonal motor neuropathy and neuromyotonic discharges. Using Next-generation sequencing, we identified two homozygous mutations, NM_005340.6: c.112T > C; p.(Cys38Arg) and NM_005340.6: c.289G > A; p.(Val97Met) in HINT1 gene. Based on the clinical presentation and molecular genetic analyses, ARAN-NM was diagnosed in both patients and NM_005340.6: c.112T > C; p.(Cys38Arg) and NM_005340.6: c.289G > A; p.(Val97Met) in HINT1 gene were believe to be causative for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kai Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Victor W Zhang
- AmCare Genomics Lab, Guangzhou, China; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Shah RM, Maize KM, West HT, Strom AM, Finzel BC, Wagner CR. Structure and Functional Characterization of Human Histidine Triad Nucleotide-Binding Protein 1 Mutations Associated with Inherited Axonal Neuropathy with Neuromyotonia. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2709-2721. [PMID: 29787766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that clinically affect 1 in 2500 individuals. Recently, genetic mutations in human histidine nucleotide-binding protein 1 (hHint1) have been strongly and most frequently associated with patients suffering from axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. However, the correlation between the impact of these mutations on the hHint1 structure, enzymatic activity and in vivo function has remained ambiguous. Here, we provide detailed biochemical characterization of a set of these hHint1 mutations. Our findings indicate that half of the mutations (R37P, G93D and W123*) resulted in a destabilization of the dimeric state and a significant decrease in catalytic activity and HINT1 inhibitor binding affinity. The H112N mutant was found to be dimeric, but devoid of catalytic activity, due to the loss of the catalytically essential histidine; nevertheless, it exhibited high affinity to AMP and a HINT1 inhibitor. In contrast to the active-site mutants, the catalytic activity and dimeric structure of the surface mutants, C84R and G89V, were found to be similar to the wild-type enzyme. Taken together, our results suggest that the pathophysiology of inherited axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia can be induced by conversion of HINT1 from a homodimer to monomer, by modification of select surface residues or by a significant reduction of the enzyme's catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit M Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kimberly M Maize
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harrison T West
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alexander M Strom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Barry C Finzel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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40
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Meng L, Fu J, Lv H, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yuan Y. Novel mutations in HINT1 gene cause autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia in two cases of sensorimotor neuropathy and one case of motor neuropathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:646-651. [PMID: 30001929 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARANNM) is a rare disease caused by mutations of histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) gene. ARANNM has been reported mainly in European countries but little reported so far in China. We describe novel mutations of HINT1 in three Chinese patients with ARANNM from unrelated families. Patient 1 was a 14-year-old girl who presented with progressive distal weakness of upper limbs at two years of age. After that, she reported weakness of both feet, and difficulty in muscle relaxation after making a fist. Patient 2 was an 18-year-old boy, who presented with progressive distal weakness of all limbs with foot drop at the age of ten with loss of ambulation at age 15. Patient 3 was a 26-year-old man who had been afflicted with weakness and atrophy of distal lower limbs since the age of 16 complaining about muscle stiffness of the lower limbs when standing and walking, and contraction of finger flexion muscles when releasing a forced grip. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed an axonal motor or sensorimotor neuropathy with or without myokymic discharges. Sural biopsy showed no pathological changes in patient 1 and mild axonal neuropathies with demyelination in patients 2 and 3. Genetic analysis revealed HINT1 with novel compound heterozygous c.112T > C (p.C38R) and c.171G > C (p.K57N) mutations in patient 1, homozygous c.112T > C (p.C38R) mutation in patient 2, as well as compound heterozygous c.112T > C (p.C38R) and c.98T > C (p.F33S) mutations in patient 3. Our study, for the first time, confirms ARANNM in the Chinese population. These genetic findings can help expand the genotypic spectrum of HINT1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Meng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - He Lv
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
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41
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Cutrupi AN, Brewer MH, Nicholson GA, Kennerson M. Structural variations causing inherited peripheral neuropathies: A paradigm for understanding genomic organization, chromatin interactions, and gene dysregulation. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:422-433. [PMID: 29573232 PMCID: PMC6014456 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases affecting the motor and sensory peripheral nerves. IPNs have benefited from gene discovery and genetic diagnosis using next-generation sequencing with over 80 causative genes available for testing. Despite this success, up to 50% of cases remain genetically unsolved. In the absence of protein coding mutations, noncoding DNA or structural variation (SV) mutations are a possible explanation. The most common IPN, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1A (CMT1A), is caused by a 1.5 Mb duplication causing trisomy of the dosage sensitive gene PMP22. Using genome sequencing, we recently identified two large genomic rearrangements causing IPN subtypes X-linked CMT (CMTX3) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (DHMN1), thereby expanding the spectrum of SV mutations causing IPN. Understanding how newly discovered SVs can cause IPN may serve as a useful paradigm to examine the role of topologically associated domains (TADs), chromatin interactions, and gene dysregulation in disease. This review will describe the growing role of SV in the pathogenesis of IPN and the importance of considering this type of mutation in Mendelian diseases where protein coding mutations cannot be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N. Cutrupi
- Northcott Neuroscience LaboratoryANZAC Research InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Megan H. Brewer
- Northcott Neuroscience LaboratoryANZAC Research InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Garth A. Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience LaboratoryANZAC Research InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Molecular Medicine LaboratoryConcord HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Marina L. Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience LaboratoryANZAC Research InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Molecular Medicine LaboratoryConcord HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
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Li BJ, Liu P, Chu Z, Shang Y, Huan MX, Dang YH, Gao CG. Social isolation induces schizophrenia-like behavior potentially associated with HINT1, NMDA receptor 1, and dopamine receptor 2. Neuroreport 2018; 28:462-469. [PMID: 28410269 PMCID: PMC5639997 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic factors and early life adversity play major roles in the etiology of schizophrenia. Our previous studies indicated that social isolation (SI) during early postnatal development leads to several lasting abnormal behavioral and pathophysiological features resembling the core symptoms of some human neuropsychiatric disorders in mice. The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are tightly linked to the development of schizophrenia. The cross-talk between glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptors and dopamine receptors is associated with histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1), which is correlated with diverse psychiatric disorders. We examined the effects of SI on schizophrenia-like behavior and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to investigate the expression levels of HINT1, the NR1 subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptor, and dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) in C57 mice. We found that SI leads to a series of schizophrenia-related deficits, such as social withdrawal, anxiety disorder, cognitive impairments, and sensorimotor gating disturbances. These abnormal phenotypes paralleled changes of HINT1, NR1, and D2R. SI may be considered a robust model of the effects of early life stress on the schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. Potential interactions among HINT1, NR1, and D2R may underlie the behavioral deficits induced by SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Jia Li
- aDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center bCollege of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center cQi De College, Xi'an Jiaotong University dKey Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine eKey Laboratory of Forensic Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Shah R, Zhou A, Wagner CR. Switch-on fluorescent/FRET probes to study human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (hHint1), a novel target for opioid tolerance and neuropathic pain. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:10230-10237. [PMID: 29177353 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02472j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Histidine Triad Nucleotide Binding Protein 1 (Hint1) has emerged to be an important post-synaptic protein associated with a variety of central nervous system disorders such as pain, addiction, and schizophrenia. Recently, inhibition of histidine nucleotide binding protein 1 (Hint1) with a small nucleoside inhibitor has shown promise as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Herein, we describe the first rationally designed small molecule switch-on probes with dual fluorescence and FRET properties to study Hint1. Two non-natural fluorescent nucleosides with a fluorescent lifetime of 20 and 25 ns were each coupled through a linker to the indole ring, i.e. probes 7 and 8. Both probes were found to be water soluble and quenched intramolecularly via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) resulting in minimal background fluorescence. Upon incubating with Hint1, compound 7 and 8 exhibited a 40- and 16-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity compared to the control. Compounds 7 and 8 bind Hint1 with a dissociation constant of 0.121 ± 0.02 and 2.2 ± 0.36 μM, respectively. We demonstrate that probe 8 exhibits a switch-on FRET property with an active site tryptophan residue (W123). We show the utility of probes in performing quantitative ligand displacement studies, as well as in selective detection of Hint1 in the cell lysates. These probes should be useful for studying the dynamics of the active site, as well as for the development of fluorescence lifetime based high throughput screening assay to identify novel inhibitors for Hint1 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachit Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of Minnesota, USA.
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HINT1 in Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Potential Neuroplastic Mediator. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:5181925. [PMID: 29214080 PMCID: PMC5682914 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5181925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the functions of histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), its roles in neurobiological processes remain to be fully elucidated. As a member of the histidine triad (HIT) enzyme superfamily, HINT1 is distributed in almost every organ and has both enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity. Accumulating clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that HINT1 may play an important role as a neuroplastic mediator in neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, inherited peripheral neuropathies, mood disorders, and drug addiction. Though our knowledge of HINT1 is limited, it is believed that further research on the neuropathological functions of HINT1 would eventually benefit patients with neuropsychiatric and even psychosomatic diseases.
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Sun L, Liu P, Liu F, Zhou Y, Chu Z, Li Y, Chu G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Dang YH. Effects of Hint1 deficiency on emotional-like behaviors in mice under chronic immobilization stress. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00831. [PMID: 29075577 PMCID: PMC5651401 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is regarded as a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor and is closely associated with diverse neuropsychiatric diseases. Moreover, HINT1 is related to gender-specific acute behavior changes in schizophrenia and in response to nicotine. Stress has a range of molecular effects in emotional disorders, which can cause a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, resulting in hippocampal atrophy and neuronal cell loss. METHODS This study examined the role of HINT1 deficiency in anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors and BDNF expression in the hippocampus under chronic immobilization stress, and investigated whether the sex-specific and haplo-insufficient effects exist in emotional-like behaviors under the same condition. RESULTS In a battery of behavior tests, the results of the control group, not exposed to stress, showed that knockout (KO) and heterozygosity (HT) of Hint1 had anxiolytic-like and antidepression-like effects on the male and female mice. However, both male and female Hint1-KO mice showed elevated anxiety-related and antidepression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress; moreover, both male and female Hint1-HT mice displayed elevated anxiety-related behavior and increased depression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress. There were no significant differences in general locomotor activity between Hint1-KO and -HT mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates. Hint1-KO mice under basal and chronic immobilization stress conditions expressed more BDNF in the hippocampus than did Hint1-HT and WT mice; overall, there were no significant sex differences in emotional-like behaviors of Hint1-KO and -HT mice. Additionally, Hint1-HT mice showed haplo-insufficient effects on emotional-like behaviors under basic conditions, rather than under chronic immobilization stress. CONCLUSIONS Both male and female HINT 1 KO and HT mice had a trend of anxiolytic-like behavior and antidepression-like behavior at control group. However, both male and female HINT1 KO mice showed elevated anxiety-related and antidepression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress; moreover, both male and female HINT1 HT mice displayed elevated anxiety-related behavior and increased depression-like behavior under chronic immobilization stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liankang Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Qi De College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Zheng Chu
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Qi De College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Guang Chu
- Zong Lian College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qi De College Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA
| | - Yong-Hui Dang
- College of Medicine & Forensics Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center Xi'an China
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Shah R, Chou TF, Maize KM, Strom A, Finzel BC, Wagner CR. Inhibition by divalent metal ions of human histidine triad nucleotide binding protein1 (hHint1), a regulator of opioid analgesia and neuropathic pain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:760-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Peeters K, Chamova T, Tournev I, Jordanova A. Axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia: there is a HINT. Brain 2017; 140:868-877. [PMID: 28007994 PMCID: PMC5382946 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in the gene encoding the histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1) were recently shown to cause a motor-predominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. About 80% of the patients exhibit neuromyotonia, a striking clinical and electrophysiological hallmark that can help to distinguish this disease and to guide diagnostic screening. HINT1 neuropathy has worldwide distribution and is particularly prevalent in populations inhabiting central and south-eastern Europe. With 12 different mutations identified in more than 60 families, it ranks among the most common subtypes of axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy. This article provides an overview of the present knowledge on HINT1 neuropathy with the aim to increase awareness and spur interest among clinicians and researchers in the field. We propose diagnostic guidelines to recognize and differentiate this entity and suggest treatment strategies to manage common symptoms. As a recent player in the field of hereditary neuropathies, the role of HINT1 in peripheral nerves is unknown and the underlying disease mechanisms are unexplored. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of the HINT1 protein that may guide further studies into the molecular aetiology and treatment strategies of this peculiar Charcot–Marie–Tooth subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien Peeters
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.,Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Jordanova
- Molecular Neurogenomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen 2610, Belgium.,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
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Motzik A, Amir E, Erlich T, Wang J, Kim BG, Han JM, Kim JH, Nechushtan H, Guo M, Razin E, Tshori S. Post-translational modification of HINT1 mediates activation of MITF transcriptional activity in human melanoma cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:4732-4738. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Morton SU, Prabhu SP, Lidov HGW, Shi J, Anselm I, Brownstein CA, Bainbridge MN, Beggs AH, Vargas SO, Agrawal PB. AIFM1 mutation presenting with fatal encephalomyopathy and mitochondrial disease in an infant. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:a001560. [PMID: 28299359 PMCID: PMC5334471 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrion-associated 1 (AIFM1), encoded by the gene AIFM1, has roles in electron transport, apoptosis, ferredoxin metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation, and immune system regulation. Here we describe a patient with a novel AIFM1 variant presenting unusually early in life with mitochondrial disease, rapid deterioration, and death. Autopsy, at the age of 4 mo, revealed features of mitochondrial encephalopathy, myopathy, and involvement of peripheral nerves with axonal degeneration. In addition, there was microvesicular steatosis in the liver, thymic noninvolution, follicular bronchiolitis, and pulmonary arterial medial hypertrophy. This report adds to the clinical and pathological spectrum of disease related to AIFM1 mutations and provides insights into the role of AIFM1 in cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay P Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hart G W Lidov
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Irina Anselm
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Catherine A Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matthew N Bainbridge
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
- Codified Genomics LLC, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Atkinson D, Nikodinovic Glumac J, Asselbergh B, Ermanoska B, Blocquel D, Steiner R, Estrada-Cuzcano A, Peeters K, Ooms T, De Vriendt E, Yang XL, Hornemann T, Milic Rasic V, Jordanova A. Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase deficiency causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Neurology 2017; 88:533-542. [PMID: 28077491 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the unknown genetic cause in a nuclear family with an axonal form of peripheral neuropathy and atypical disease course. METHODS Detailed neurologic, electrophysiologic, and neuropathologic examinations of the patients were performed. Whole exome sequencing of both affected individuals was done. The effect of the identified sequence variations was investigated at cDNA and protein level in patient-derived lymphoblasts. The plasma sphingoid base profile was analyzed. Functional consequences of neuron-specific downregulation of the gene were studied in Drosophila. RESULTS Both patients present an atypical form of axonal peripheral neuropathy, characterized by acute or subacute onset and episodes of recurrent mononeuropathy. We identified compound heterozygous mutations cosegregating with disease and absent in controls in the SGPL1 gene, encoding sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SPL). The p.Ser361* mutation triggers nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The missense p.Ile184Thr mutation causes partial protein degradation. The plasma levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingosine/sphinganine ratio were increased in the patients. Neuron-specific downregulation of the Drosophila orthologue impaired the morphology of the neuromuscular junction and caused progressive degeneration of the chemosensory neurons innervating the wing margin bristles. CONCLUSIONS We suggest SPL deficiency as a cause of a distinct form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in humans, thus extending the currently recognized clinical and genetic spectrum of inherited peripheral neuropathies. Our data emphasize the importance of sphingolipid metabolism for neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Atkinson
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Nikodinovic Glumac
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Biljana Ermanoska
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Blocquel
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Steiner
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Estrada-Cuzcano
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristien Peeters
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tinne Ooms
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Els De Vriendt
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vedrana Milic Rasic
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Albena Jordanova
- From the Molecular Neurogenomics Group (D.A., B.E., A.E.-C., K.P., T.O., E.D.V., A.J.), VIB Department of Molecular Genetics (B.A.), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth (J.N.G), Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine (V.M.R.), Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Departments of Chemical Physiology and Cell and Molecular Biology (D.B., X.-L.Y.), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA; and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (R.S., T.H.), University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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