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Saini T, Mazumder PM. Current advancement in the preclinical models used for the assessment of diabetic neuropathy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2727-2745. [PMID: 37987794 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the prevalent and debilitating microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting a significant portion of the global population. Relational preclinical animal models are essential to understand its pathophysiology and develop effective treatments. This abstract provides an overview of current knowledge and advancements in such models. Various animal models have been developed to mimic the multifaceted aspects of human diabetic neuropathy, including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. These models involve rodents (rats and mice) and larger animals like rabbits and dogs. Induction of diabetic neuropathy in these models is achieved through chemical, genetic, or dietary interventions, such as diabetogenic agents, genetic modifications, or high-fat diets. Preclinical animal models have greatly contributed to studying the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy. They have shed light on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered neurotrophic factor signaling. Additionally, these models have allowed for the investigation of morphological changes, functional alterations, and behavioral manifestations associated with diabetic neuropathy. These models have also been crucial for evaluating the efficacy and safety of potential therapeutic interventions. Novel pharmacological agents, gene therapies, stem cell-based approaches, exercise, dietary modifications, and neurostimulation techniques have been tested using these models. However, limitations and challenges remain, including physiological differences between humans and animals, complex neuropathy phenotypes, and the need for translational validation. In conclusion, preclinical animal models have played a vital role in advancing our understanding and management of diabetic neuropathy. They have enhanced our knowledge of disease mechanisms, facilitated the development of novel treatments, and provided a platform for translational research. Ongoing efforts to refine and validate these models are crucial for future treatment developments for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanishk Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835215, Ranchi, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, 835215, Ranchi, India.
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2
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Wang S, Tan Q, Hou Y, Dou H. Emerging Roles of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:798320. [PMID: 34975496 PMCID: PMC8716856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia with or without insulin resistance. Its etiology is attributed to the combined action of genes, environment and immune cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) is a heterogeneous population of immature cells with immunosuppressive ability. In recent years, different studies have debated the quantity, activity changes and roles of MDSC in the diabetic microenvironment. However, the emerging roles of MDSC have not been fully documented with regard to their interactions with diabetes. Here, the manifestations of MDSC and their subsets are reviewed with regard to the incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications. The possible drugs targeting MDSC are discussed with regard to their potential of treating diabetes. We believe that understanding MDSC will offer opportunities to explain pathological characteristics of different diabetes. MDSC also will be used for personalized immunotherapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Ikegami H, Babaya N, Noso S. β-Cell failure in diabetes: Common susceptibility and mechanisms shared between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1526-1539. [PMID: 33993642 PMCID: PMC8409822 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is etiologically classified into type 1, type 2 and other types of diabetes. Despite distinct etiologies and pathogenesis of these subtypes, many studies have suggested the presence of shared susceptibilities and underlying mechanisms in β-cell failure among different types of diabetes. Understanding these susceptibilities and mechanisms can help in the development of therapeutic strategies regardless of the diabetes subtype. In this review, we discuss recent evidence indicating the shared genetic susceptibilities and common molecular mechanisms between type 1, type 2 and other types of diabetes, and highlight the future prospects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ikegami
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsaka‐sayama, OsakaJapan
| | - Naru Babaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsaka‐sayama, OsakaJapan
| | - Shinsuke Noso
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesFaculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsaka‐sayama, OsakaJapan
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Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications-a review. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:23. [PMID: 34429169 PMCID: PMC8385906 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a very common and multifaceted metabolic disorder is considered as one of the fastest growing public health problems in the world. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, a condition with high glucose level in the blood plasma resulting from defects in insulin secretion or its action and in some cases both the impairment in secretion and also action of insulin coexist. Historically, animal models have played a critical role in exploring and describing malady pathophysiology and recognizable proof of targets and surveying new remedial specialists and in vivo medicines. In the present study, we reviewed the experimental models employed for diabetes and for its related complications. This paper reviews briefly the broad chemical induction of alloxan and streptozotocin and its mechanisms associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Also we highlighted the different models in other species and other animals.
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Udler MS, McCarthy MI, Florez JC, Mahajan A. Genetic Risk Scores for Diabetes Diagnosis and Precision Medicine. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1500-1520. [PMID: 31322649 PMCID: PMC6760294 DOI: 10.1210/er.2019-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, there have been substantial advances in the identification and characterization of DNA sequence variants associated with individual predisposition to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. As well as providing insights into the molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis, these risk variants, when combined into a polygenic score, capture information on individual patterns of disease predisposition that have the potential to influence clinical management. In this review, we describe the various opportunities that polygenic scores provide: to predict diabetes risk, to support differential diagnosis, and to understand phenotypic and clinical heterogeneity. We also describe the challenges that will need to be overcome if this potential is to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Udler
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Vieira R, Souto SB, Sánchez-López E, Machado AL, Severino P, Jose S, Santini A, Silva AM, Fortuna A, García ML, Souto EB. Sugar-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome-Strategies for In Vivo Administration: Part-II. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1332. [PMID: 31466386 PMCID: PMC6780268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disease characterized by hyperglycemia, together with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. While Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from genetic, environmental, or immune dysfunction factors leading to pancreatic β-cell destruction depriving the organism from endogenous insulin, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance. Depending on the type of diabetes mellitus and drug mechanism to study, the animal model should be carefully selected among the wide variety of the currently available ones. This review discusses the most common animal models currently employed to study T1DM and T2DM. Moreover, an overview on the administration routes that could be used is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vieira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Braga Hospital, Sete Fontes, 4710-243 São Victor Braga, Portugal
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación biomédica en red de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana López Machado
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Industrial Biotechnology Program, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Sajan Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kerala 686631, India
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación biomédica en red de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Lania G, Nanayakkara M, Maglio M, Auricchio R, Porpora M, Conte M, De Matteis MA, Rizzo R, Luini A, Discepolo V, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Barone MV. Constitutive alterations in vesicular trafficking increase the sensitivity of cells from celiac disease patients to gliadin. Commun Biol 2019; 2:190. [PMID: 31123714 PMCID: PMC6527696 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa due to an immune response to wheat gliadins. Some gliadin peptides (e.g., A-gliadin P57-68) induce an adaptive Th1 pro-inflammatory response. Other gliadin peptides (e.g., A-gliadin P31-43) induce a stress/innate immune response involving interleukin 15 (IL15) and interferon α (IFN-α). In the present study, we describe a stressed/inflamed celiac cellular phenotype in enterocytes and fibroblasts probably due to an alteration in the early-recycling endosomal system. Celiac cells are more sensitive to the gliadin peptide P31-43 and IL15 than controls. This phenotype is reproduced in control cells by inducing a delay in early vesicular trafficking. This constitutive lesion might mediate the stress/innate immune response to gliadin, which can be one of the triggers of the gliadin-specific T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Lania
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Maglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monia Porpora
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry—IBP-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry—IBP-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Kolb H, von Herrath M. Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Why Do Current Protocols Not Halt the Underlying Disease Process? Cell Metab 2017; 25:233-241. [PMID: 27839907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cell-directed immunosuppression only transiently delays the loss of β cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. We argue here that the underlying disease process is carried by innate immune reactivity. Inducing a non-polarized functional state of local innate immunity will support regulatory T cell development and β cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Düsseldorf, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92014, USA; Novo Nordisk Diabetes Research and Development Center, Seattle, WA 98191, USA.
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Liston A, Todd JA, Lagou V. Beta-Cell Fragility As a Common Underlying Risk Factor in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:181-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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