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Lizama BN, North HA, Pandey K, Williams C, Duong D, Cho E, Di Caro V, Ping L, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Lah J, Levey AI, Grundman M, Caggiano AO, Seyfried NT, Hamby ME. An interim exploratory proteomics biomarker analysis of a phase 2 clinical trial to assess the impact of CT1812 in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106575. [PMID: 38914170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
CT1812 is a novel, brain penetrant small molecule modulator of the sigma-2 receptor (S2R) that is currently in clinical development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical and early clinical data show that, through S2R, CT1812 selectively prevents and displaces binding of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers from neuronal synapses and improves cognitive function in animal models of AD. SHINE is an ongoing phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (COG0201) in participants with mild to moderate AD, designed to assess the safety and efficacy of 6 months of CT1812 treatment. To elucidate the mechanism of action in AD patients and pharmacodynamic biomarkers of CT1812, the present study reports exploratory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker data from 18 participants in an interim analysis of the first set of patients in SHINE (part A). Untargeted mass spectrometry-based discovery proteomics detects >2000 proteins in patient CSF and has documented utility in accelerating the identification of novel AD biomarkers reflective of diverse pathophysiologies beyond amyloid and tau, and enabling identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in longitudinal interventional trials. We leveraged this technique to analyze CSF samples taken at baseline and after 6 months of CT1812 treatment. Proteome-wide protein levels were detected using tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry (TMT-MS), change from baseline was calculated for each participant, and differential abundance analysis by treatment group was performed. This analysis revealed a set of proteins significantly impacted by CT1812, including pathway engagement biomarkers (i.e., biomarkers tied to S2R biology) and disease modification biomarkers (i.e., biomarkers with altered levels in AD vs. healthy control CSF but normalized by CT1812, and biomarkers correlated with favorable trends in ADAS-Cog11 scores). Brain network mapping, Gene Ontology, and pathway analyses revealed an impact of CT1812 on synapses, lipoprotein and amyloid beta biology, and neuroinflammation. Collectively, the findings highlight the utility of this method in pharmacodynamic biomarker identification and providing mechanistic insights for CT1812, which may facilitate the clinical development of CT1812 and enable appropriate pre-specification of biomarkers in upcoming clinical trials of CT1812.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Lizama
- Cognition Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H A North
- Cognition Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - K Pandey
- Emtherapro Inc, Systems Biology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Williams
- Cognition Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Duong
- Emory University School of Medicine, Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Cho
- Cognition Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V Di Caro
- Cognition Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Ping
- Emory University School of Medicine, Neurology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Blennow
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, PR China; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - H Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Lah
- Emory University School of Medicine, Neurology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A I Levey
- Emory University School of Medicine, Neurology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC, San Diego, California, USA; Dept. of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - N T Seyfried
- Emory University School of Medicine, Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M E Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Parrish RL, Buchman AS, Tasaki S, Wang Y, Avey D, Xu J, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Epstein MP, Yang J. SR-TWAS: leveraging multiple reference panels to improve transcriptome-wide association study power by ensemble machine learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6646. [PMID: 39103319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple reference panels of a given tissue or multiple tissues often exist, and multiple regression methods could be used for training gene expression imputation models for transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS). To leverage expression imputation models (i.e., base models) trained with multiple reference panels, regression methods, and tissues, we develop a Stacked Regression based TWAS (SR-TWAS) tool which can obtain optimal linear combinations of base models for a given validation transcriptomic dataset. Both simulation and real studies show that SR-TWAS improves power, due to increased training sample sizes and borrowed strength across multiple regression methods and tissues. Leveraging base models across multiple reference panels, tissues, and regression methods, our real studies identify 6 independent significant risk genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia for supplementary motor area tissue and 9 independent significant risk genes for Parkinson's disease (PD) for substantia nigra tissue. Relevant biological interpretations are found for these significant risk genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy L Parrish
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Denis Avey
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jishu Xu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Center for Computational and Quantitative Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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3
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Latimer CS, Prater KE, Postupna N, Dirk Keene C. Resistance and Resilience to Alzheimer's Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041201. [PMID: 38151325 PMCID: PMC11293546 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a significant public health crisis; the most common underlying cause of age-related cognitive decline and dementia is Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC). As such, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of the underlying pathologic processes that contribute to the development of AD dementia. Although age is the top risk factor for dementia in general and AD specifically, these are not inevitable consequences of advanced age. Some individuals are able to live to advanced age without accumulating significant pathology (resistance to ADNC), whereas others are able to maintain cognitive function despite the presence of significant pathology (resilience to ADNC). Understanding mechanisms of resistance and resilience will inform therapeutic strategies to promote these processes to prevent or delay AD dementia. This article will highlight what is currently known about resistance and resilience to AD, including our current understanding of possible underlying mechanisms that may lead to candidate preventive and treatment interventions for this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine E Prater
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, Washington, USA
| | - Nadia Postupna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, Washington, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, Washington, USA
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4
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Do Carmo S, Kautzmann MAI, Bhattacharjee S, Jun B, Steinberg C, Emmerson JT, Malcolm JC, Bonomo Q, Bazan NG, Cuello AC. Differential effect of an evolving amyloid and tau pathology on brain phospholipids and bioactive lipid mediators in rat models of Alzheimer-like pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:185. [PMID: 39080670 PMCID: PMC11290283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain inflammation contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, and it is manifested by glial cell activation, increased production of cytokines/chemokines, and a shift in lipid mediators from a pro-homeostatic to a pro-inflammatory profile. However, whether the production of bioactive lipid mediators is affected at earlier stages, prior to the deposition of Aβ plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, is unknown. The differential contribution of an evolving amyloid and tau pathology on the composition and abundance of membrane phospholipids and bioactive lipid mediators also remains unresolved. METHODS In this study, we examined the cortical levels of DHA- and AA-derived bioactive lipid mediators and of membrane phospholipids by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in transgenic rat models of the Alzheimer's-like amyloid and tau pathologies at early and advanced pathological stages. RESULTS Our findings revealed a complex balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving processes in which tau pathology has a more pronounced effect compared to amyloid pathology. At stages preceding tau misfolding and aggregation, there was an increase in pro-resolving lipid mediators (RVD6 and NPD1), DHA-containing phospholipids and IFN-γ levels. However, in advanced tau pathology displaying NFT-like inclusions, neuronal death, glial activation and cognitive deficits, there was an increase in cytokine and PGD2, PGE2, and PGF2α generation accompanied by a drop in IFN-γ levels. This pathology also resulted in a marked increase in AA-containing phospholipids. In comparison, pre-plaque amyloid pathology already presented high levels of cytokines and AA-containing phospholipids together with elevated RVD6 and NPD1 levels. Finally, Aβ plaque deposition was accompanied by a modest increase in prostaglandins, increased AA-containing phospholipids and reduced DHA-containing phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a dynamic trajectory of inflammatory and lipid mediators in the evolving amyloid and tau pathologies and support their differing roles on membrane properties and, consequentially, on signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1210, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Audrey I Kautzmann
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bokkyoo Jun
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Carolyn Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1210, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joshua T Emmerson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1210, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Janice C Malcolm
- Department of Cell Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Quentin Bonomo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1210, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite D, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Room 1210, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Cell Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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5
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Bonaterra-Pastra A, Solé M, Lope-Piedrafita S, Lucas-Parra M, Castellote L, Marazuela P, Pancorbo O, Rodríguez-Luna D, Hernández-Guillamon M. The presence of circulating human apolipoprotein J reduces the occurrence of cerebral microbleeds in a transgenic mouse model with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:169. [PMID: 39069622 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in cerebral vessels, leading to lobar cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is a multifunctional chaperone related to Aβ aggregation and clearance. Our study investigated the vascular impact of chronic recombinant human Apolipoprotein J (rhApoJ) treatment in a transgenic mouse model of β-amyloidosis with prominent CAA. METHODS Twenty-month-old APP23 C57BL/6 mice received 25 doses of rhApoJ (1 mg/kg) (n = 9) or saline (n = 8) intraperitoneally for 13 weeks, while Wild-type (WT) mice received saline (n = 13). Postmortem brains underwent T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect hemorrhagic lesions. Aβ levels and distribution, cerebral fibrinogen leakage, brain smooth muscle actin (sma), and plasma matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory markers were analyzed after treatments. Additionally, plasma samples from 22 patients with lobar ICH were examined to determine the clinical relevance of the preclinical findings. RESULTS rhApoJ-treated APP23 presented fewer cortical CMBs (50-300 μm diameter) (p = 0.012) and cortical larger hemorrhages (> 300 μm) (p = 0.002) than saline-treated mice, independently of Aβ brain levels. MRI-detected hemorrhagic lesions correlated with fibrinogen cerebral extravasation (p = 0.011). Additionally, rhApoJ-treated mice presented higher number of sma-positive vessels than saline-treated mice (p = 0.038). In rhApoJ-treated mice, human ApoJ was detected in plasma and in occasional leptomeningeal vessels, but not in the parenchyma, suggesting that its mechanism of action operates through the periphery. The administration of rhApoJ induced an increase in plasma Groα (p = 0.035) and MIP-1α (p = 0.035) levels, while lower MMP-12 (p = 0.046) levels, compared to the saline-treated group. In acute lobar ICH patients, MMP-12 plasma levels correlated with larger hemorrhage volume (p = 0.040) and irregular ICH shape (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Chronic rhApoJ treatment in aged APP23 mice ameliorated CAA-related neurovascular damage by reducing the occurrence of CMB. We propose that rhApoJ may prevent blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and CMB appearance partly through circulating MMP-12 modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Mediterranean Building, 1st floor, lab 106, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Mediterranean Building, 1st floor, lab 106, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
- Department of Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular i Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Silvia Lope-Piedrafita
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Lucas-Parra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Mediterranean Building, 1st floor, lab 106, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Castellote
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Laboratories, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Marazuela
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Mediterranean Building, 1st floor, lab 106, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Olalla Pancorbo
- Stroke Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Mediterranean Building, 1st floor, lab 106, Barcelona, 08035, Spain.
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6
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Ferrer I. Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathological Change in Aged Non-Primate Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8118. [PMID: 39125687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brain aging is characterized by the production and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the intracellular accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau (Hp-tau) to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and dystrophic neurites of senile plaques. The process progresses for years and eventually manifests as cognitive impairment and dementia in a subgroup of aged individuals. Aβ is produced and deposited first in the neocortex in most aged mammals, including humans; it is usually not accompanied by altered behavior and cognitive impairment. Hp-tau is less frequent than Aβ pathology, and NFTs are rare in most mammals. In contrast, NFTs are familiar from middle age onward in humans; NFTs first appear in the paleocortex and selected brain stem nuclei. NFTs precede for decades or years Aβ deposition and correlate with dementia in about 5% of individuals at the age of 65 and 25% at the age of 85. Based on these comparative data, (a) Aβ deposition is the most common Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC) in the brain of aged mammals; (b) Hp-tau is less common, and NFTs are rare in most aged mammals; however, NFTs are the principal cytoskeletal pathology in aged humans; (c) NFT in aged humans starts in selected nuclei of the brain stem and paleocortical brain regions progressing to the most parts of the neocortex and other regions of the telencephalon; (d) human brain aging is unique among mammalian species due to the early appearance and dramatic progression of NFTs from middle age onward, matching with cognitive impairment and dementia in advanced cases; (e) neither mammalian nor human brain aging supports the concept of the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, carrer Feixa Llarga sn, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de Catalunya, carrer del Carme 47, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
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Mathys H, Boix CA, Akay LA, Xia Z, Davila-Velderrain J, Ng AP, Jiang X, Abdelhady G, Galani K, Mantero J, Band N, James BT, Babu S, Galiana-Melendez F, Louderback K, Prokopenko D, Tanzi RE, Bennett DA, Tsai LH, Kellis M. Single-cell multiregion dissection of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07606-7. [PMID: 39048816 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, but the cellular pathways that underlie its pathological progression across brain regions remain poorly understood1-3. Here we report a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of six different brain regions in the aged human brain, covering 1.3 million cells from 283 post-mortem human brain samples across 48 individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease. We identify 76 cell types, including region-specific subtypes of astrocytes and excitatory neurons and an inhibitory interneuron population unique to the thalamus and distinct from canonical inhibitory subclasses. We identify vulnerable populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that are depleted in specific brain regions in Alzheimer's disease, and provide evidence that the Reelin signalling pathway is involved in modulating the vulnerability of these neurons. We develop a scalable method for discovering gene modules, which we use to identify cell-type-specific and region-specific modules that are altered in Alzheimer's disease and to annotate transcriptomic differences associated with diverse pathological variables. We identify an astrocyte program that is associated with cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology, tying choline metabolism and polyamine biosynthesis in astrocytes to preserved cognitive function late in life. Together, our study develops a regional atlas of the ageing human brain and provides insights into cellular vulnerability, response and resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Mathys
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carles A Boix
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leyla Anne Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ziting Xia
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ayesha P Ng
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ghada Abdelhady
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Galani
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julio Mantero
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil Band
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin T James
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sudhagar Babu
- University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fabiola Galiana-Melendez
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kate Louderback
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Hipp MS, Hartl FU. Interplay of Proteostasis Capacity and Protein Aggregation: Implications for Cellular Function and Disease. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168615. [PMID: 38759929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are equipped with an intricate proteostasis network (PN), comprising nearly 3,000 components dedicated to preserving proteome integrity and sustaining protein homeostasis. This protective system is particularly important under conditions of external and intrinsic cell stress, where inherently dynamic proteins may unfold and lose functionality. A decline in proteostasis capacity is associated with the aging process, resulting in a reduced folding efficiency of newly synthesized proteins and a deficit in the cellular capacity to degrade misfolded proteins. A critical consequence of PN insufficiency is the accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates that underlie various age-related neurodegenerative conditions and other pathologies. By interfering with specific proteostasis components, toxic aggregates place an excessive burden on the PN's ability to maintain proteome integrity. This initiates a feed-forward loop, wherein the generation of misfolded and aggregated proteins ultimately leads to proteostasis collapse and cellular demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hipp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan, 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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9
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Shen J, Lai W, Li Z, Zhu W, Bai X, Yang Z, Wang Q, Ji J. SDS3 regulates microglial inflammation by modulating the expression of the upstream kinase ASK1 in the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2024:10.1007/s00011-024-01913-5. [PMID: 39008037 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the main innate immune cells in the central nervous system, are key drivers of neuroinflammation, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The Sin3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, a highly conserved multiprotein co-repressor complex, primarily performs transcriptional repression via deacetylase activity; however, the function of SDS3, which maintains the integrity of the complex, in microglia remains unclear. METHODS To uncover the regulatory role of the transcriptional co-repressor SDS3 in microglial inflammation, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify SDS3 target genes and combined with transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to explore expression changes in cells following SDS3 knocking down. Subsequently, we validated our findings through experimental assays. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that SDS3 modulates the expression of the upstream kinase ASK1 of the p38 MAPK pathway, thus regulating the activation of signaling pathways and ultimately influencing inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important evidence of the contributions of SDS3 toward microglial inflammation and offer new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of microglial inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- Division of Nanotechnology Development, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jianguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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10
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Sun Z, Zhang X, So KF, Jiang W, Chiu K. Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:833. [PMID: 39062547 PMCID: PMC11274940 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, as resident macrophages in the central nervous system, play a multifunctional role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their clustering around amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits is a core pathological feature of AD. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) have revealed dynamic changes in microglial phenotypes over time and across different brain regions during aging and AD progression. As AD advances, microglia primarily exhibit impaired phagocytosis of Aβ and tau, along with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that damage synapses and neurons. Targeting microglia has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for AD. Treatment strategies involving microglia can be broadly categorized into two aspects: (1) enhancing microglial function: This involves augmenting their phagocytic ability against Aβ and cellular debris and (2) mitigating neuroinflammation: Strategies include inhibiting TNF-α signaling to reduce the neuroinflammatory response triggered by microglia. Clinical trials exploring microglia-related approaches for AD treatment have garnered attention. Additionally, natural products show promise in enhancing beneficial effects and suppressing inflammatory responses. Clarifying microglial dynamics, understanding their roles, and exploring novel therapeutic approaches will advance our fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Wang Q, Antone J, Alsop E, Reiman R, Funk C, Bendl J, Dudley JT, Liang WS, Karr TL, Roussos P, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Mastroeni D, Reiman EM, Readhead BP. Single cell transcriptomes and multiscale networks from persons with and without Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5815. [PMID: 38987616 PMCID: PMC11237088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) offers to revolutionize the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Integration with complementary multiomics data such as genetics, proteomics and clinical data provides powerful opportunities to link cell subpopulations and molecular networks with a broader disease-relevant context. We report snRNA-seq profiles from superior frontal gyrus samples from 101 well characterized subjects from the Banner Brain and Body Donation Program in combination with whole genome sequences. We report findings that link common AD risk variants with CR1 expression in oligodendrocytes as well as alterations in hematological parameters. We observed an AD-associated CD83(+) microglial subtype with unique molecular networks and which is associated with immunoglobulin IgG4 production in the transverse colon. Our major observations were replicated in two additional, independent snRNA-seq data sets. These findings illustrate the power of multi-tissue molecular profiling to contextualize snRNA-seq brain transcriptomics and reveal disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jerry Antone
- Division of Neurogenomics, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Eric Alsop
- Division of Neurogenomics, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Rebecca Reiman
- Division of Neurogenomics, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Cory Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joel T Dudley
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Winnie S Liang
- Division of Neurogenomics, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Timothy L Karr
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, 85351, USA
| | | | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85006, USA
| | - Benjamin P Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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12
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Rentsch P, Ganesan K, Langdon A, Konen LM, Vissel B. Toward the development of a sporadic model of Alzheimer's disease: comparing pathologies between humanized APP and the familial J20 mouse models. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1421900. [PMID: 39040546 PMCID: PMC11260812 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1421900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Finding successful therapies for individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an ongoing challenge. One contributing factor is that the mouse models commonly used in preclinical research primarily mimic the familial form of AD, whereas the vast majority of human cases are sporadic. Accordingly, for a sporadic mouse model of AD, incorporating the multifactorial aspects of the disease is of utmost importance. Methods In the current study, we exposed humanized Aβ knock-in mice (hAβ-KI) to weekly low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections until 24 weeks of age and compared the development of AD pathologies to the familial AD mouse model known as the J20 mice. Results At the early time point of 24 weeks, hAβ-KI mice and J20 mice exhibited spatial memory impairments in the Barnes maze. Strikingly, both hAβ-KI mice and J20 mice showed significant loss of dendritic spines when compared to WT controls, despite the absence of Aβ plaques in hAβ-KI mice at 24 weeks of age. Glial cell numbers remained unchanged in hAβ-KI mice compared to WT, and LPS exposure in hAβ-KI mice did not result in memory deficits and failed to exacerbate any other examined AD pathology. Conclusion The study highlights the potential of hAβ-KI mice as a model for sporadic AD, demonstrating early cognitive deficits and synaptic alterations despite no evidence of Aβ plaque formation. These findings underscore the importance of considering multifactorial influences in sporadic AD pathogenesis and the need for innovative models to advance our understanding and treatment strategies for this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Rentsch
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kiruthika Ganesan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Langdon
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsey M. Konen
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Zoccali C, Capasso G. Genetic biomarkers of cognitive impairment and dementia of potential interest in CKD patients. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-02006-6. [PMID: 38970746 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-02006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses genetic variants associated with cognitive dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, emphasising the limited research in this area. Four studies have explored genetic markers of cognitive dysfunction in CKD, with findings suggesting shared genetic biomarkers between Alzheimer's Disease and CKD.Because of the limited specific research on genetic markers of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in CKD, we extracted data from the current literature studies on genetic markers in the general population that may be relevant to the CKD population. These markers include Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Complement Receptor 1 (CR1), Clusterin (CLU), Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1), Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), all of which are known to be associated with cognitive dysfunction and dementia in other populations. These genes play various roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, Aβ clearance, and neuronal function, making them potential candidates for studying cognitive decline in CKD patients.CKD-specific research is needed to understand the role of these genetic markers in CKD-related cognitive dysfunction. Investigating how these genes influence cognitive decline in CKD patients could provide valuable insights into early detection, targeted interventions, and personalised treatment strategies. Overall, genetic studies to enhance our understanding and management of cognitive dysfunction in CKD represent a clinical research priority in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, USA.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem), Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renale (IPNET), c/o Nefrologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem), Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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14
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Neven J, Issayama LK, Dewachter I, Wilson DM. Genomic stress and impaired DNA repair in Alzheimer disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 139:103678. [PMID: 38669748 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prominent form of dementia and has received considerable attention due to its growing burden on economic, healthcare and basic societal infrastructures. The two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD, i.e., extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau neurofibrillary tangles, have been the focus of much research, with an eye on understanding underlying disease mechanisms and identifying novel therapeutic avenues. One often overlooked aspect of AD is how Aβ and Tau may, through indirect and direct mechanisms, affect genome integrity. Herein, we review evidence that Aβ and Tau abnormalities induce excessive genomic stress and impair genome maintenance mechanisms, events that can promote DNA damage-induced neuronal cell loss and associated brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Neven
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Luidy Kazuo Issayama
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - David M Wilson
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium.
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15
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Palihati N, Tang Y, Yin Y, Yu D, Liu G, Quan Z, Ni J, Yan Y, Qing H. Clusterin is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3836-3850. [PMID: 38017342 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Clusterin, a glycosylated protein with multiple biological functions, has attracted extensive research attention. It is closely associated with the physiological and pathological states within the organism. Particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, Clusterin plays a significant role in the disease's occurrence and progression. Numerous studies have demonstrated a close association between Clusterin and AD. Firstly, the expression level of Clusterin in the brain tissue of AD patients is closely related to pathological progression. Secondly, Clusterin is involved in the deposition and formation of β-amyloid, which is a crucial process in AD development. Furthermore, Clusterin may affect the pathogenesis of AD through mechanisms such as regulating inflammation, controlling cell apoptosis, and clearing pathological proteins. Therefore, further research on the relationship between Clusterin and AD will contribute to a deeper understanding of the etiology of this neurodegenerative disease and provide a theoretical basis for developing early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AD. This also makes Clusterin one of the research focuses as a potential biomarker for AD diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazhakaiti Palihati
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yajuan Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Ding Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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16
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Wang N, Cai L, Pei X, Lin Z, Huang L, Liang C, Wei M, Shao L, Guo T, Huang F, Luo H, Zheng H, Chen XF, Leng L, Zhang YW, Wang X, Zhang J, Guo K, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Xu H. Microglial apolipoprotein E particles contribute to neuronal senescence and synaptotoxicity. iScience 2024; 27:110006. [PMID: 38868202 PMCID: PMC11167441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia exhibit a substantial upregulation of apoE in AD-associated circumstances, despite astrocytes being the primary source of apoE expression and secretion in the brain. Although the role of astrocytic apoE in the brain has been extensively investigated, it remains unclear that whether and how apoE particles generated from astrocytes and microglia differ in biological characteristic and function. Here, we demonstrate the differences in size between apoE particles generated from microglia and astrocytes. Microglial apoE particles impair neurite growth and synapses, and promote neuronal senescence, whereas depletion of GPNMB (glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B) in microglial apoE particles mitigated these deleterious effects. In addition, human APOE4-expressing microglia are more neurotoxic than APOE3-bearing microglia. For the first time, these results offer concrete evidence that apoE particles produced by microglia are involved in neuronal senescence and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lujian Cai
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xinyu Pei
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chensi Liang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Min Wei
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiao-fen Chen
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lige Leng
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yun-wu Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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17
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Molina‐Henry DP, Raman R, Liu A, Langford O, Johnson K, Shum LK, Glover CM, Dhadda S, Irizarry M, Jimenez‐Maggiora G, Braunstein JB, Yarasheski K, Venkatesh V, West T, Verghese PB, Rissman RA, Aisen P, Grill JD, Sperling RA. Racial and ethnic differences in plasma biomarker eligibility for a preclinical Alzheimer's disease trial. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3827-3838. [PMID: 38629508 PMCID: PMC11180863 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In trials of amyloid-lowering drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), differential eligibility may contribute to under-inclusion of racial and ethnic underrepresented groups. We examined plasma amyloid beta 42/40 and positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid eligibility for the ongoing AHEAD Study preclinical AD program (NCT04468659). METHODS Univariate logistic regression models were used to examine group differences in plasma and PET amyloid screening eligibility. RESULTS Of 4905 participants screened at time of analysis, 1724 were plasma eligible to continue in screening: 13.3% Hispanic Black, 24.7% Hispanic White, 20.8% non-Hispanic (NH) Asian, 24.7% NH Black, and 38.9% NH White. Plasma eligibility differed across groups in models controlling for covariates (odds ratio from 1.9 to 4.0 compared to the NH White reference group, P < 0.001). Among plasma eligible participants, PET eligibility did not differ by group. DISCUSSION These results suggest that prevalence of brain amyloid pathology differed, but that eligibility based on plasma was equally effective across racial and ethnic group members. HIGHLIGHTS Plasma amyloid eligibility is lower in underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. In plasma eligible adults, positron emission tomography eligibility rates are similar across race and ethnicity. Plasma biomarker tests may be similarly effective across racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Patricia Molina‐Henry
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 9860 Mesa Rim Rd, San Diego, CA, 92121
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andy Liu
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Oliver Langford
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Keith Johnson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leona K. Shum
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Crystal M. Glover
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesRush University Medical CollegeChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush Medical CollegeChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Gustavo Jimenez‐Maggiora
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Tim West
- C2N DiagnosticsSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research InstituteKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joshua D. Grill
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
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18
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Meshref M, Ghaith HS, Hammad MA, Shalaby MMM, Ayasra F, Monib FA, Attia MS, Ebada MA, Elsayed H, Shalash A, Bahbah EI. The Role of RIN3 Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: a Comprehensive Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3528-3544. [PMID: 37995081 PMCID: PMC11087354 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a globally prevalent form of dementia that impacts diverse populations and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and impairments in executive memory. Although the exact mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis remain unclear, it is commonly accepted that the aggregation of misfolded proteins, such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, plays a critical role. Additionally, AD is a multifactorial condition influenced by various genetic factors and can manifest as either early-onset AD (EOAD) or late-onset AD (LOAD), each associated with specific gene variants. One gene of particular interest in both EOAD and LOAD is RIN3, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor. This gene plays a multifaceted role in AD pathogenesis. Firstly, upregulation of RIN3 can result in endosomal enlargement and dysfunction, thereby facilitating the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Secondly, RIN3 has been shown to impact the PICLAM pathway, affecting transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier. Lastly, RIN3 has implications for immune-mediated responses, notably through its influence on the PTK2B gene. This review aims to provide a concise overview of AD and delve into the role of the RIN3 gene in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Meshref
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Faris Ayasra
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Hanaa Elsayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali Shalash
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eshak I Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
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19
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Kantor B, Odonovan B, Rittiner J, Hodgson D, Lindner N, Guerrero S, Dong W, Zhang A, Chiba-Falek O. All-in-one AAV-delivered epigenome-editing platform: proof-of-concept and therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.14.536951. [PMID: 38798630 PMCID: PMC11118458 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.14.536951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Safely and efficiently controlling gene expression is a long-standing goal of biomedical research, and the recently discovered bacterial CRISPR/Cas system can be harnessed to create powerful tools for epigenetic editing. Current state-of-the-art systems consist of a deactivated-Cas9 nuclease (dCas9) fused to one of several epigenetic effector motifs/domains, along with a guide RNA (gRNA) which defines the genomic target. Such systems have been used to safely and effectively silence or activate a specific gene target under a variety of circumstances. Adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) are the therapeutic platform of choice for the delivery of genetic cargo; however, their small packaging capacity is not suitable for delivery of large constructs, which includes most CRISPR/dCas9-effector systems. To circumvent this, many AAV-based CRISPR/Cas tools are delivered in two pieces, from two separate viral cassettes. However, this approach requires higher viral payloads and usually is less efficient. Here we develop a compact dCas9-based repressor system packaged within a single, optimized AAV vector. The system uses a smaller dCas9 variant derived from Staphylococcus aureus ( Sa ). A novel repressor was engineered by fusing the small transcription repression domain (TRD) from MeCP2 with the KRAB repression domain. The final d Sa Cas9-KRAB-MeCP2(TRD) construct can be efficiently packaged, along with its associated gRNA, into AAV particles. Using reporter assays, we demonstrate that the platform is capable of robustly and sustainably repressing the expression of multiple genes-of-interest, both in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, we successfully reduced the expression of ApoE, the stronger genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). This new platform will broaden the CRISPR/dCas9 toolset available for transcriptional manipulation of gene expression in research and therapeutic settings.
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20
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Parrish RL, Buchman AS, Tasaki S, Wang Y, Avey D, Xu J, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Epstein MP, Yang J. SR-TWAS: Leveraging Multiple Reference Panels to Improve TWAS Power by Ensemble Machine Learning. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.06.20.23291605. [PMID: 37425698 PMCID: PMC10327185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.23291605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple reference panels of a given tissue or multiple tissues often exist, and multiple regression methods could be used for training gene expression imputation models for TWAS. To leverage expression imputation models (i.e., base models) trained with multiple reference panels, regression methods, and tissues, we develop a Stacked Regression based TWAS (SR-TWAS) tool which can obtain optimal linear combinations of base models for a given validation transcriptomic dataset. Both simulation and real studies showed that SR-TWAS improved power, due to increased effective training sample sizes and borrowed strength across multiple regression methods and tissues. Leveraging base models across multiple reference panels, tissues, and regression methods, our real application studies identified 6 independent significant risk genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia for supplementary motor area tissue and 9 independent significant risk genes for Parkinson's disease (PD) for substantia nigra tissue. Relevant biological interpretations were found for these significant risk genes.
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21
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Ahmed H, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ, Levey AI, Pikuleva I, Liang SH, Haider A. Brain cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: challenges and opportunities in probe and drug development. Brain 2024; 147:1622-1635. [PMID: 38301270 PMCID: PMC11068113 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease; however, attempts to modulate brain cholesterol biology have not translated into tangible clinical benefits for patients to date. Several recent milestone developments have substantially improved our understanding of how excess neuronal cholesterol contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, neuronal cholesterol was linked to the formation of amyloid-β and neurofibrillary tangles through molecular pathways that were recently delineated in mechanistic studies. Furthermore, remarkable advances in translational molecular imaging have now made it possible to probe cholesterol metabolism in the living human brain with PET, which is an important prerequisite for future clinical trials that target the brain cholesterol machinery in Alzheimer's disease patients-with the ultimate aim being to develop disease-modifying treatments. This work summarizes current concepts of how the biosynthesis, transport and clearance of brain cholesterol are affected in Alzheimer's disease. Further, current strategies to reverse these alterations by pharmacotherapy are critically discussed in the wake of emerging translational research tools that support the assessment of brain cholesterol biology not only in animal models but also in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - William J Griffiths
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Irina Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Da Mesquita S, Rua R. Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer's disease? Trends Immunol 2024; 45:346-357. [PMID: 38632001 PMCID: PMC11088519 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their beneficial homeostatic functions. We hypothesize that by expediting the deterioration of BAMs, multiple infection episodes might be associated with accelerated brain aging and the putative development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our viewpoint is supported by recent studies suggesting that rejuvenating aged BAMs, and counterbalancing their detrimental inflammatory signatures during infections, might hold promise in treating aging-related neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rejane Rua
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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23
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Zelek WM, Bevan RJ, Morgan BP. Targeting terminal pathway reduces brain complement activation, amyloid load and synapse loss, and improves cognition in a mouse model of dementia. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:355-363. [PMID: 38485063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement is dysregulated in the brain in Alzheimer's Disease and in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Each of the complement derived effectors, opsonins, anaphylatoxins and membrane attack complex (MAC), have been implicated as drivers of disease but their relative contributions remain unclarified. Here we have focussed on the MAC, a lytic and pro-inflammatory effector, in the AppNL-G-F mouse amyloidopathy model. To test the role of MAC, we back-crossed to generate AppNL-G-F mice deficient in C7, an essential MAC component. C7 deficiency ablated MAC formation, reduced synapse loss and amyloid load and improved cognition compared to complement-sufficient AppNL-G-F mice at 8-10 months age. Adding back C7 caused increased MAC formation in brain and an acute loss of synapses in C7-deficient AppNL-G-F mice. To explore whether C7 was a viable therapeutic target, a C7-blocking monoclonal antibody was administered systemically for one month in AppNL-G-F mice aged 8-9 months. Treatment reduced brain MAC and amyloid deposition, increased synapse density and improved cognitive performance compared to isotype control-treated AppNL-G-F mice. The findings implicate MAC as a driver of pathology and highlight the potential for complement inhibition at the level of MAC as a therapy in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta M Zelek
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
| | - Ryan J Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
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24
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Ayyubova G, Fazal N. Beneficial versus Detrimental Effects of Complement-Microglial Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:434. [PMID: 38790413 PMCID: PMC11119363 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that brain-region-specific synapse loss and dysfunction are early hallmarks and stronger neurobiological correlates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) than amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle counts or neuronal loss. Even though the precise mechanisms underlying increased synaptic pruning in AD are still unknown, it has been confirmed that dysregulation of the balance between complement activation and inhibition is a crucial driver of its pathology. The complement includes three distinct activation mechanisms, with the activation products C3a and C5a, potent inflammatory effectors, and a membrane attack complex (MAC) leading to cell lysis. Besides pro-inflammatory cytokines, the dysregulated complement proteins released by activated microglia bind to amyloid β at the synaptic regions and cause the microglia to engulf the synapses. Additionally, research indicating that microglia-removed synapses are not always degenerating and that suppression of synaptic engulfment can repair cognitive deficits points to an essential opportunity for intervention that can prevent the loss of intact synapses. In this study, we focus on the latest research on the role and mechanisms of complement-mediated microglial synaptic pruning at different stages of AD to find the right targets that could interfere with complement dysregulation and be relevant for therapeutic intervention at the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunel Ayyubova
- Department of Cytology, Embryology and Histology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku 370022, Azerbaijan;
| | - Nadeem Fazal
- College of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA
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25
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Ramakrishnan A, Piehl N, Simonton B, Parikh M, Zhang Z, Teregulova V, van Olst L, Gate D. Epigenetic dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease peripheral immunity. Neuron 2024; 112:1235-1248.e5. [PMID: 38340719 PMCID: PMC11031321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral immune system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been thoroughly studied with modern sequencing methods. To investigate epigenetic and transcriptional alterations to the AD peripheral immune system, we used single-cell sequencing strategies, including assay for transposase-accessible chromatin and RNA sequencing. We reveal a striking amount of open chromatin in peripheral immune cells in AD. In CD8 T cells, we uncover a cis-regulatory DNA element co-accessible with the CXC motif chemokine receptor 3 gene promoter. In monocytes, we identify a novel AD-specific RELA transcription factor binding site adjacent to an open chromatin region in the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 gene. We also demonstrate apolipoprotein E genotype-dependent epigenetic changes in monocytes. Surprisingly, we also identify differentially accessible chromatin regions in genes associated with sporadic AD risk. Our findings provide novel insights into the complex relationship between epigenetics and genetic risk factors in AD peripheral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami Ramakrishnan
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Piehl
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke Simonton
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Milan Parikh
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Teregulova
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lynn van Olst
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Gate
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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26
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Niso-Santano M, Fuentes JM, Galluzzi L. Immunological aspects of central neurodegeneration. Cell Discov 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 38594240 PMCID: PMC11004155 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of various neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the central nervous system including (but not limited to) Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease has classically been attributed to neuronal defects that culminate with the loss of specific neuronal populations. However, accumulating evidence suggests that numerous immune effector cells and the products thereof (including cytokines and other soluble mediators) have a major impact on the pathogenesis and/or severity of these and other neurodegenerative syndromes. These observations not only add to our understanding of neurodegenerative conditions but also imply that (at least in some cases) therapeutic strategies targeting immune cells or their products may mediate clinically relevant neuroprotective effects. Here, we critically discuss immunological mechanisms of central neurodegeneration and propose potential strategies to correct neurodegeneration-associated immunological dysfunction with therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Niso-Santano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain.
| | - José M Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Eteleeb AM, Novotny BC, Tarraga CS, Sohn C, Dhungel E, Brase L, Nallapu A, Buss J, Farias F, Bergmann K, Bradley J, Norton J, Gentsch J, Wang F, Davis AA, Morris JC, Karch CM, Perrin RJ, Benitez BA, Harari O. Brain high-throughput multi-omics data reveal molecular heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002607. [PMID: 38687811 PMCID: PMC11086901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Unbiased data-driven omic approaches are revealing the molecular heterogeneity of Alzheimer disease. Here, we used machine learning approaches to integrate high-throughput transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles with clinical and neuropathological data from multiple human AD cohorts. We discovered 4 unique multimodal molecular profiles, one of them showing signs of poor cognitive function, a faster pace of disease progression, shorter survival with the disease, severe neurodegeneration and astrogliosis, and reduced levels of metabolomic profiles. We found this molecular profile to be present in multiple affected cortical regions associated with higher Braak tau scores and significant dysregulation of synapse-related genes, endocytosis, phagosome, and mTOR signaling pathways altered in AD early and late stages. AD cross-omics data integration with transcriptomic data from an SNCA mouse model revealed an overlapping signature. Furthermore, we leveraged single-nuclei RNA-seq data to identify distinct cell-types that most likely mediate molecular profiles. Lastly, we identified that the multimodal clusters uncovered cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers poised to monitor AD progression and possibly cognition. Our cross-omics analyses provide novel critical molecular insights into AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. Eteleeb
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brenna C. Novotny
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carolina Soriano Tarraga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christopher Sohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Eliza Dhungel
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Logan Brase
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aasritha Nallapu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jared Buss
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fabiana Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kristy Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joseph Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joanne Norton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jen Gentsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Albert A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - John C. Morris
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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28
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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. Involvement of transposable elements in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:228-238. [PMID: 38680184 PMCID: PMC11043511 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease affects an average of 5 % of the population with a significant increase in prevalence with age, suggesting that the same mechanisms that underlie aging may influence this pathology. Investigation of these mechanisms is promising for effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease. Possible participants in these mechanisms are transposons, which serve as drivers of epigenetic regulation, since they form species-specific distributions of non-coding RNA genes in genomes in evolution. Study of miRNA involvement in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is relevant, since the associations of protein-coding genes (APOE4, ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, CR1, PICALM, TREM2) with the disease revealed as a result of GWAS make it difficult to explain its complex pathogenesis. Specific expression changes of many genes were found in different brain parts of Alzheimer's patients, which may be due to global regulatory changes under the influence of transposons. Experimental and clinical studies have shown pathological activation of retroelements in Alzheimer's disease. Our analysis of scientific literature in accordance with MDTE DB revealed 28 miRNAs derived from transposons (17 from LINE, 5 from SINE, 4 from HERV, 2 from DNA transposons), the expression of which specifically changes in this disease (decreases in 17 and increases in 11 microRNA). Expression of 13 out of 28 miRNAs (miR-151a, -192, -211, -28, -31, -320c, -335, -340, -378a, -511, -576, -708, -885) also changes with aging and cancer development, which indicates the presence of possible common pathogenetic mechanisms. Most of these miRNAs originated from LINE retroelements, the pathological activation of which is associated with aging, carcinogenesis, and Alzheimer's disease, which supports the hypothesis that these three processes are based on the primary dysregulation of transposons that serve as drivers of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E K Khusnutdinova
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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29
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Gao S, Wang T, Han Z, Hu Y, Zhu P, Xue Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Liu G. Interpretation of 10 years of Alzheimer's disease genetic findings in the perspective of statistical heterogeneity. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae140. [PMID: 38711368 PMCID: PMC11074593 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variants and susceptibility loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been discovered through large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), GWAS by proxy (GWAX) and meta-analysis of GWAS and GWAX (GWAS+GWAX). However, due to the very low repeatability of AD susceptibility loci and the low heritability of AD, these AD genetic findings have been questioned. We summarize AD genetic findings from the past 10 years and provide a new interpretation of these findings in the context of statistical heterogeneity. We discovered that only 17% of AD risk loci demonstrated reproducibility with a genome-wide significance of P < 5.00E-08 across all AD GWAS and GWAS+GWAX datasets. We highlighted that the AD GWAS+GWAX with the largest sample size failed to identify the most significant signals, the maximum number of genome-wide significant genetic variants or maximum heritability. Additionally, we identified widespread statistical heterogeneity in AD GWAS+GWAX datasets, but not in AD GWAS datasets. We consider that statistical heterogeneity may have attenuated the statistical power in AD GWAS+GWAX and may contribute to explaining the low repeatability (17%) of genome-wide significant AD susceptibility loci and the decreased AD heritability (40-2%) as the sample size increased. Importantly, evidence supports the idea that a decrease in statistical heterogeneity facilitates the identification of genome-wide significant genetic loci and contributes to an increase in AD heritability. Collectively, current AD GWAX and GWAS+GWAX findings should be meticulously assessed and warrant additional investigation, and AD GWAS+GWAX should employ multiple meta-analysis methods, such as random-effects inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis, which is designed specifically for statistical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You’an Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, No. 26, Kexueyuan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 5, Dongdan Santichao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You’an Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanli Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'an Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, No. 26, Kexueyuan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory of Internet Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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30
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Nimmo J, Byrne R, Daskoulidou N, Watkins L, Carpanini S, Zelek W, Morgan B. The complement system in neurodegenerative diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:387-412. [PMID: 38505993 PMCID: PMC10958133 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Complement is an important component of innate immune defence against pathogens and crucial for efficient immune complex disposal. These core protective activities are dependent in large part on properly regulated complement-mediated inflammation. Dysregulated complement activation, often driven by persistence of activating triggers, is a cause of pathological inflammation in numerous diseases, including neurological diseases. Increasingly, this has become apparent not only in well-recognized neuroinflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis but also in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases where inflammation was previously either ignored or dismissed as a secondary event. There is now a large and rapidly growing body of evidence implicating complement in neurological diseases that cannot be comprehensively addressed in a brief review. Here, we will focus on neurodegenerative diseases, including not only the 'classical' neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but also two other neurological diseases where neurodegeneration is a neglected feature and complement is implicated, namely, schizophrenia, a neurodevelopmental disorder with many mechanistic features of neurodegeneration, and multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disorder where neurodegeneration is a major cause of progressive decline. We will discuss the evidence implicating complement as a driver of pathology in these diverse diseases and address briefly the potential and pitfalls of anti-complement drug therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui Nimmo
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Robert A.J. Byrne
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Nikoleta Daskoulidou
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Lewis M. Watkins
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Sarah M. Carpanini
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - Wioleta M. Zelek
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, U.K
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31
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Zheng H, Gu C, Yang H. Identification of disease-specific bio-markers through network-based analysis of gene co-expression: A case study on Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27070. [PMID: 38468964 PMCID: PMC10926071 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Finding biomarker genes for complex diseases attracts persistent attention due to its application in clinics. In this paper, we propose a network-based method to obtain a set of biomarker genes. The key idea is to construct a gene co-expression network among sensitive genes and cluster the genes into different modules. For each module, we can identify its representative, i.e., the gene with the largest connectivity and the smallest average shortest path length to other genes within the module. We believe these representative genes could serve as a new set of potential biomarkers for diseases. As a typical example, we investigated Alzheimer's disease, obtaining a total of 16 potential representative genes, three of which belong to the non-transcriptome. A total of 11 out of these genes are found in literature from different perspectives and methods. The incipient groups were classified into two different subtypes using machine learning algorithms. We subjected the two subtypes to Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis with healthy groups and moderate groups, respectively. The two sub-type groups were involved in two different biological processes, demonstrating the validity of this approach. This method is disease-specific and independent; hence, it can be extended to classify other kinds of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Zheng
- Department of Systems Science, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Changgui Gu
- Department of Systems Science, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Department of Systems Science, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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32
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Zgorzynska E. TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease: Structure, function, therapeutic prospects, and activation challenges. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 128:103917. [PMID: 38244651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a membrane glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of microglial survival, activation, phagocytosis, as well as in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and the inflammatory response to injury or neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TREM2 structure and functions, highlighting the role of its variants in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Additionally, the article discusses the potential of TREM2 as a therapeutic target in AD, analyzing the current state of research and future prospects. Given the significant challenges associated with the activation of TREM2, particularly due to its diverse isoforms and the delicate balance required to modulate the immune response without triggering hyperactivation, this review aims to enhance our understanding of TREM2 in AD and inspire further research into this promising yet challenging therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Zgorzynska
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
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33
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Le Borgne J, Amouyel P, Andreassen O, Frikke‐Schmidt R, Hiltunen M, Ingelsson M, Ramirez A, Rossi G, Ruiz A, Sanchez‐Juan P, Sims R, Sleegers K, Tsolaki M, van der Lee SJ, Williams J, Lambert J, Bellenguez C. Association of MGMT and BIN1 genes with Alzheimer's disease risk across sex and APOE ε4 status. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2282-2284. [PMID: 38041824 PMCID: PMC10984453 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Borgne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, LabEx DISTALZ ‐ U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | | | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, LabEx DISTALZ ‐ U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | | | - Ruth Frikke‐Schmidt
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/GeriatricsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Krembil Brain InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine & PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric PsychiatryUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular psychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of Cologne, Medical FacultyCologneGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn)BonnGermany
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic Fundació ACEInstitut Català de Neurociències AplicadesUniversitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
- CiBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesNational Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Pascual Sanchez‐Juan
- CiBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical research in Neurodegenerative DiseasesNational Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia‐CIEN FoundationMadridSpain
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease GroupVIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIBAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Department of NeurologyMedical SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece
- Alzheimer HellasThessalonikiGreece
| | - Sven J. van der Lee
- Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Human GeneticsVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam NeuroscienceNeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- UKDRI@ Cardiff, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Jean‐Charles Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, LabEx DISTALZ ‐ U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, LabEx DISTALZ ‐ U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
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34
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Leng S, Ma Y, Jiang Q, Wen Q, Ju S, Hu J. The relationship between inflammation, impaired glymphatic system, and neurodegenerative disorders: A vicious cycle. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106426. [PMID: 38331353 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "glymphatic" emerged roughly a decade ago, marking a pivotal point in neuroscience research. The glymphatic system, a glial-dependent perivascular network distributed throughout the brain, has since become a focal point of investigation. There is increasing evidence suggesting that impairment of the glymphatic system appears to be a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders, and this impairment exacerbates as disease progression. Nevertheless, the common factors contributing to glymphatic system dysfunction across most neurodegenerative disorders remain unclear. Inflammation, however, is suspected to play a pivotal role. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system can lead to a significant accumulation of protein and waste products, which can trigger inflammation. The interaction between the glymphatic system and inflammation appears to be cyclical and potentially synergistic. Yet, current research is limited, and there is a lack of comprehensive models explaining this association. In this perspective review, we propose a novel model suggesting that inflammation, impaired glymphatic function, and neurodegenerative disorders interconnected in a vicious cycle. By presenting experimental evidence from the existing literature, we aim to demonstrate that: (1) inflammation aggravates glymphatic system dysfunction, (2) the impaired glymphatic system exacerbated neurodegenerative disorders progression, (3) neurodegenerative disorders progression promotes inflammation. Finally, the implication of proposed model is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangqiqi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuo Leng
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qiuting Wen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W.16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5188, USA
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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35
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Chandrashekar H, Simandi Z, Choi H, Ryu HS, Waldman AJ, Nikish A, Muppidi SS, Gong W, Paquet D, Phillips-Cremins JE. A multi-looping chromatin signature predicts dysregulated gene expression in neurons with familial Alzheimer's disease mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582395. [PMID: 38463966 PMCID: PMC10925341 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian genomes fold into tens of thousands of long-range loops, but their functional role and physiologic relevance remain poorly understood. Here, using human post-mitotic neurons with rare familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutations, we identify hundreds of reproducibly dysregulated genes and thousands of miswired loops prior to amyloid accumulation and tau phosphorylation. Single loops do not predict expression changes; however, the severity and direction of change in mRNA levels and single-cell burst frequency strongly correlate with the number of FAD-gained or -lost promoter-enhancer loops. Classic architectural proteins CTCF and cohesin do not change occupancy in FAD-mutant neurons. Instead, we unexpectedly find TAATTA motifs amenable to binding by DLX homeodomain transcription factors and changing noncoding RNAPolII signal at FAD-dynamic promoter-enhancer loops. DLX1/5/6 mRNA levels are strongly upregulated in FAD-mutant neurons coincident with a shift in excitatory-to-inhibitory gene expression and miswiring of multi-loops connecting enhancers to neural subtype genes. DLX1 overexpression is sufficient for loop miswiring in wildtype neurons, including lost and gained loops at enhancers with tandem TAATTA arrays and singular TAATTA motifs, respectively. Our data uncover a genome structure-function relationship between multi-loop miswiring and dysregulated excitatory and inhibitory transcriptional programs during lineage commitment of human neurons homozygously-engineered with rare FAD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Chandrashekar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Zoltan Simandi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Heesun Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Han-Seul Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Abraham J Waldman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandria Nikish
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Srikar S Muppidi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Wanfeng Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Phillips-Cremins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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36
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Ifediora N, Canoll P, Hargus G. Human stem cell transplantation models of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1354164. [PMID: 38450383 PMCID: PMC10915253 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1354164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent form of dementia. It is characterized by pronounced neuronal degeneration with formation of neurofibrillary tangles and deposition of amyloid β throughout the central nervous system. Animal models have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of AD and they have shown that different brain cell types including neurons, astrocytes and microglia have important functions in the pathogenesis of AD. However, there are difficulties in translating promising therapeutic observations in mice into clinical application in patients. Alternative models using human cells such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide significant advantages, since they have successfully been used to model disease mechanisms in neurons and in glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent studies that describe the transplantation of human iPSC-derived neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells into the forebrain of mice to generate chimeric transplantation models of AD. We also discuss opportunities, challenges and limitations in using differentiated human iPSCs for in vivo disease modeling and their application for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechime Ifediora
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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37
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Cho SB. Comorbidity Genes of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Memory and Cognitive Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2211. [PMID: 38396891 PMCID: PMC10889845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are comorbidities that result from the sharing of common genes. The molecular background of comorbidities can provide clues for the development of treatment and management strategies. Here, the common genes involved in the development of the two diseases and in memory and cognitive function are reviewed. Network clustering based on protein-protein interaction network identified tightly connected gene clusters that have an impact on memory and cognition among the comorbidity genes of AD and T2DM. Genes with functional implications were intensively reviewed and relevant evidence summarized. Gene information will be useful in the discovery of biomarkers and the identification of tentative therapeutic targets for AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street, Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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38
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Penney J, Ralvenius WT, Loon A, Cerit O, Dileep V, Milo B, Pao PC, Woolf H, Tsai LH. iPSC-derived microglia carrying the TREM2 R47H/+ mutation are proinflammatory and promote synapse loss. Glia 2024; 72:452-469. [PMID: 37969043 PMCID: PMC10904109 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic findings have highlighted key roles for microglia in the pathology of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of mutations in the microglial protein triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) have been associated with increased risk for developing AD, most notably the R47H/+ substitution. We employed gene editing and stem cell models to gain insight into the effects of the TREM2 R47H/+ mutation on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. We found transcriptional changes affecting numerous cellular processes, with R47H/+ cells exhibiting a proinflammatory gene expression signature. TREM2 R47H/+ also caused impairments in microglial movement and the uptake of multiple substrates, as well as rendering microglia hyperresponsive to inflammatory stimuli. We developed an in vitro laser-induced injury model in neuron-microglia cocultures, finding an impaired injury response by TREM2 R47H/+ microglia. Furthermore, mouse brains transplanted with TREM2 R47H/+ microglia exhibited reduced synaptic density, with upregulation of multiple complement cascade components in TREM2 R47H/+ microglia suggesting inappropriate synaptic pruning as one potential mechanism. These findings identify a number of potentially detrimental effects of the TREM2 R47H/+ mutation on microglial gene expression and function likely to underlie its association with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Penney
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - William T Ralvenius
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anjanet Loon
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Oyku Cerit
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Blerta Milo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ping-Chieh Pao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hannah Woolf
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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39
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Ni J, Xie Z, Quan Z, Meng J, Qing H. How brain 'cleaners' fail: Mechanisms and therapeutic value of microglial phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:227-244. [PMID: 37650384 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident phagocytes of the brain, where they primarily function in the clearance of dead cells and the removal of un- or misfolded proteins. The impaired activity of receptors or proteins involved in phagocytosis can result in enhanced inflammation and neurodegeneration. RNA-seq and genome-wide association studies have linked multiple phagocytosis-related genes to neurodegenerative diseases, while the knockout of such genes has been demonstrated to exert protective effects against neurodegeneration in animal models. The failure of microglial phagocytosis influences AD-linked pathologies, including amyloid β accumulation, tau propagation, neuroinflammation, and infection. However, a precise understanding of microglia-mediated phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in microglial phagocytosis in AD across a wide range of pre-clinical, post-mortem, ex vivo, and clinical studies and review the current limitations regarding the detection of microglia phagocytosis in AD. Finally, we discuss the rationale of targeting microglial phagocytosis as a therapeutic strategy for preventing AD or slowing its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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40
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Yaldız B, Erdoğan O, Rafatov S, Iyigün C, Aydın Son Y. Revealing third-order interactions through the integration of machine learning and entropy methods in genomic studies. BioData Min 2024; 17:3. [PMID: 38291454 PMCID: PMC10826120 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-024-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-linear relationships at the genotype level are essential in understanding the genetic interactions of complex disease traits. Genome-wide association Studies (GWAS) have revealed statistical association of the SNPs in many complex diseases. As GWAS results could not thoroughly reveal the genetic background of these disorders, Genome-Wide Interaction Studies have started to gain importance. In recent years, various statistical approaches, such as entropy-based methods, have been suggested for revealing these non-additive interactions between variants. This study presents a novel prioritization workflow integrating two-step Random Forest (RF) modeling and entropy analysis after PLINK filtering. PLINK-RF-RF workflow is followed by an entropy-based 3-way interaction information (3WII) method to capture the hidden patterns resulting from non-linear relationships between genotypes in Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease to discover early and differential diagnosis markers. RESULTS Three models from different datasets are developed by integrating PLINK-RF-RF analysis and entropy-based three-way interaction information (3WII) calculation method, which enables the detection of the third-order interactions, which are not primarily considered in epistatic interaction studies. A reduced SNP set is selected for all three datasets by 3WII analysis by PLINK filtering and prioritization of SNP with RF-RF modeling, promising as a model minimization approach. Among SNPs revealed by 3WII, 4 SNPs out of 19 from GenADA, 1 SNP out of 27 from ADNI, and 4 SNPs out of 106 from NCRAD are mapped to genes directly associated with Alzheimer Disease. Additionally, several SNPs are associated with other neurological disorders. Also, the genes the variants mapped to in all datasets are significantly enriched in calcium ion binding, extracellular matrix, external encapsulating structure, and RUNX1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription pathways. Therefore, these functional pathways are proposed for further examination for a possible LOAD association. Besides, all 3WII variants are proposed as candidate biomarkers for the genotyping-based LOAD diagnosis. CONCLUSION The entropy approach performed in this study reveals the complex genetic interactions that significantly contribute to LOAD risk. We benefited from the entropy-based 3WII as a model minimization step and determined the significant 3-way interactions between the prioritized SNPs by PLINK-RF-RF. This framework is a promising approach for disease association studies, which can also be modified by integrating other machine learning and entropy-based interaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yaldız
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Erdoğan
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevda Rafatov
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Iyigün
- Department of Industrial Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Aydın Son
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Informatics, ODTU-NOROM, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
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41
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Balestri W, Sharma R, da Silva VA, Bobotis BC, Curle AJ, Kothakota V, Kalantarnia F, Hangad MV, Hoorfar M, Jones JL, Tremblay MÈ, El-Jawhari JJ, Willerth SM, Reinwald Y. Modeling the neuroimmune system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:32. [PMID: 38263227 PMCID: PMC10807115 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases have distinct pathologies and symptoms that are linked to specific cell populations in the brain. Notably, the immune system has been implicated in both diseases, with a particular focus on the dysfunction of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, contributing to neuronal loss and exacerbating symptoms. Researchers use models of the neuroimmune system to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and biological aspects of these neurodegenerative diseases and how they progress. Several in vitro and in vivo models, including 2D cultures and animal models, have been utilized. Recently, advancements have been made in optimizing these existing models and developing 3D models and organ-on-a-chip systems, holding tremendous promise in accurately mimicking the intricate intracellular environment. As a result, these models represent a crucial breakthrough in the transformation of current treatments for PD and AD by offering potential for conducting long-term disease-based modeling for therapeutic testing, reducing reliance on animal models, and significantly improving cell viability compared to conventional 2D models. The application of 3D and organ-on-a-chip models in neurodegenerative disease research marks a prosperous step forward, providing a more realistic representation of the complex interactions within the neuroimmune system. Ultimately, these refined models of the neuroimmune system aim to aid in the quest to combat and mitigate the impact of debilitating neuroimmune diseases on patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Balestri
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Victor A da Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Bianca C Bobotis
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Annabel J Curle
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vandana Kothakota
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Maria V Hangad
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Joanne L Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute On Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Reinwald
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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Kong F, Wu T, Dai J, Cai J, Zhai Z, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Sun T. Knowledge domains and emerging trends of Genome-wide association studies in Alzheimer's disease: A bibliometric analysis and visualization study from 2002 to 2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295008. [PMID: 38241287 PMCID: PMC10798548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive and behavioral function. Studies have shown that genetic factors are one of the main causes of AD risk. genome-wide association study (GWAS), as a novel and effective tool for studying the genetic risk of diseases, has attracted attention from researchers in recent years and a large number of studies have been conducted. This study aims to summarize the literature on GWAS in AD by bibliometric methods, analyze the current status, research hotspots and future trends in this field. METHODS We retrieved articles on GWAS in AD published between 2002 and 2022 from Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were applied to analyze the articles for the number of articles published, countries/regions and institutions of publication, authors and cited authors, highly cited literature, and research hotspots. RESULTS We retrieved a total of 2,751 articles. The United States had the highest number of publications in this field, and Columbia University was the institution with the most published articles. The identification of AD-related susceptibility genes and their effects on AD is one of the current research hotspots. Numerous risk genes have been identified, among which APOE, CLU, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, PICALM, CR1, ABCA7 and TREM2 are the current genes of interest. In addition, risk prediction for AD and research on other related diseases are also popular research directions in this field. CONCLUSION This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of GWAS in AD and identified the current research hotspots and research trends. In addition, we also pointed out the shortcomings of current research and suggested future research directions. This study can provide researchers with information about the knowledge structure and emerging trends in the field of GWAS in AD and provide guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Kong
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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43
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Li M, Ma YH, Guo Y, Liu JY, Tan L. Associations of cerebrospinal fluid complement proteins with Alzheimer's pathology, cognition, and brain structure in non-dementia elderly. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:12. [PMID: 38238858 PMCID: PMC10795368 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) complement activation is a key part of neuroinflammation that occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the associations of CSF complement proteins with AD pathology, cognition, and structural neuroimaging biomarkers for AD have been rarely investigated. METHODS A total of 210 participants (125 mild cognitive impairment [MCI] patients and 85 normal controls) were included from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database who measured AD pathology, cognition, and neuroimaging at baseline and every 12 months. The mixed-effect linear models were utilized to investigate longitudinal associations of CSF complement proteins with AD pathology, cognition, and neuroimaging in cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential mediators between CSF complement proteins and cognitive changes. RESULTS We found that the subjects with low CSF complement protein levels at baseline had worse outcomes in AD pathology, indicated by their lowest concentrations observed in A + and A + T + individuals. The reduced CSF complement proteins were associated with faster accumulation of tau among CN subjects and with cognitive decline and greater brain atrophy of specific regions among MCI subjects. Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the effects of CSF complement proteins on cognitive performance were partially mediated by regional brain structures (mediation proportions range from 19.78 to 94.92%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that CSF complement proteins were involved in the early progression of AD. Our results indicated that regional brain atrophy might be a plausible way to connect CSF complement protein levels and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yun Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jia-Yao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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44
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Batista AF, Khan KA, Papavergi MT, Lemere CA. The Importance of Complement-Mediated Immune Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:817. [PMID: 38255891 PMCID: PMC10815224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As an essential component of our innate immune system, the complement system is responsible for our defense against pathogens. The complement cascade has complex roles in the central nervous system (CNS), most of what we know about it stems from its role in brain development. However, in recent years, numerous reports have implicated the classical complement cascade in both brain development and decline. More specifically, complement dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common form of dementia. Synapse loss is one of the main pathological hallmarks of AD and correlates with memory impairment. Throughout the course of AD progression, synapses are tagged with complement proteins and are consequently removed by microglia that express complement receptors. Notably, astrocytes are also capable of secreting signals that induce the expression of complement proteins in the CNS. Both astrocytes and microglia are implicated in neuroinflammation, another hallmark of AD pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of previously known and newly established roles for the complement cascade in the CNS and we explore how complement interactions with microglia, astrocytes, and other risk factors such as TREM2 and ApoE4 modulate the processes of neurodegeneration in both amyloid and tau models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Batista
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Khyrul A. Khan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Maria-Tzousi Papavergi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia A. Lemere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
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Haraldsen IH, Hatlestad-Hall C, Marra C, Renvall H, Maestú F, Acosta-Hernández J, Alfonsin S, Andersson V, Anand A, Ayllón V, Babic A, Belhadi A, Birck C, Bruña R, Caraglia N, Carrarini C, Christensen E, Cicchetti A, Daugbjerg S, Di Bidino R, Diaz-Ponce A, Drews A, Giuffrè GM, Georges J, Gil-Gregorio P, Gove D, Govers TM, Hallock H, Hietanen M, Holmen L, Hotta J, Kaski S, Khadka R, Kinnunen AS, Koivisto AM, Kulashekhar S, Larsen D, Liljeström M, Lind PG, Marcos Dolado A, Marshall S, Merz S, Miraglia F, Montonen J, Mäntynen V, Øksengård AR, Olazarán J, Paajanen T, Peña JM, Peña L, Peniche DL, Perez AS, Radwan M, Ramírez-Toraño F, Rodríguez-Pedrero A, Saarinen T, Salas-Carrillo M, Salmelin R, Sousa S, Suyuthi A, Toft M, Toharia P, Tveitstøl T, Tveter M, Upreti R, Vermeulen RJ, Vecchio F, Yazidi A, Rossini PM. Intelligent digital tools for screening of brain connectivity and dementia risk estimation in people affected by mild cognitive impairment: the AI-Mind clinical study protocol. Front Neurorobot 2024; 17:1289406. [PMID: 38250599 PMCID: PMC10796757 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1289406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 10 million Europeans show signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal brain aging and dementia stage memory disorder. The path MCI takes can be divergent; while some maintain stability or even revert to cognitive norms, alarmingly, up to half of the cases progress to dementia within 5 years. Current diagnostic practice lacks the necessary screening tools to identify those at risk of progression. The European patient experience often involves a long journey from the initial signs of MCI to the eventual diagnosis of dementia. The trajectory is far from ideal. Here, we introduce the AI-Mind project, a pioneering initiative with an innovative approach to early risk assessment through the implementation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) on multimodal data. The cutting-edge AI-based tools developed in the project aim not only to accelerate the diagnostic process but also to deliver highly accurate predictions regarding an individual's risk of developing dementia when prevention and intervention may still be possible. AI-Mind is a European Research and Innovation Action (RIA H2020-SC1-BHC-06-2020, No. 964220) financed between 2021 and 2026. First, the AI-Mind Connector identifies dysfunctional brain networks based on high-density magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) recordings. Second, the AI-Mind Predictor predicts dementia risk using data from the Connector, enriched with computerized cognitive tests, genetic and protein biomarkers, as well as sociodemographic and clinical variables. AI-Mind is integrated within a network of major European initiatives, including The Virtual Brain, The Virtual Epileptic Patient, and EBRAINS AISBL service for sensitive data, HealthDataCloud, where big patient data are generated for advancing digital and virtual twin technology development. AI-Mind's innovation lies not only in its early prediction of dementia risk, but it also enables a virtual laboratory scenario for hypothesis-driven personalized intervention research. This article introduces the background of the AI-Mind project and its clinical study protocol, setting the stage for future scientific contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camillo Marra
- Memory Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Hanna Renvall
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Speech and Language Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Soraya Alfonsin
- Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Speech and Language Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Abhilash Anand
- Performance and Assurance Solutions, Digital Solutions, DNV, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aleksandar Babic
- Healthcare Programme, Group Research and Development, DNV, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asma Belhadi
- Department of Computer Science, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ricardo Bruña
- Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naike Caraglia
- Memory Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Americo Cicchetti
- The Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Signe Daugbjerg
- The Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Bidino
- The Graduate School of Health Economics and Management (ALTEMS), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ainar Drews
- IT Department, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Maria Giuffrè
- Memory Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pedro Gil-Gregorio
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tim M. Govers
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Harry Hallock
- Healthcare Programme, Group Research and Development, DNV, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marja Hietanen
- Division of Neuropsychology, HUS Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lone Holmen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaakko Hotta
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Department of Computer Science, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rabindra Khadka
- Department of Computer Science, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antti S. Kinnunen
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M. Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shrikanth Kulashekhar
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denis Larsen
- Department of Computer Science, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mia Liljeström
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro G. Lind
- Department of Computer Science, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alberto Marcos Dolado
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Marshall
- Healthcare Programme, Group Research and Development, DNV, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Merz
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Juha Montonen
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Mäntynen
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Javier Olazarán
- Neurology Service, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teemu Paajanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Ana S. Perez
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohamed Radwan
- Department of Computer Science, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Federico Ramírez-Toraño
- Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Speech and Language Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Pedrero
- Centre for Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Psychology and Speech and Language Therapy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Timo Saarinen
- BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Salas-Carrillo
- Institute of Sanitary Investigation (IdISSC), San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Riitta Salmelin
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia Sousa
- School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Abdillah Suyuthi
- Performance and Assurance Solutions, Digital Solutions, DNV, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pablo Toharia
- Center for Computational Simulation, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mats Tveter
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramesh Upreti
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin J. Vermeulen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Como, Italy
| | - Anis Yazidi
- Department of Computer Science, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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46
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Amari B, Merle BMJ, Korobelnik JF, Delyfer MN, Boniol M, Dore JF, Helmer C, Delcourt C, Cougnard-Gregoire A. LIFETIME AMBIENT ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION EXPOSURE AND INCIDENCE OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. Retina 2024; 44:28-36. [PMID: 38117581 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the link between lifelong exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS The Alienor study is a prospective population-based cohort involving 963 residents of Bordeaux, France, older than 73 years. A subset of 614 participants for advanced AMD and 422 participants for early AMD were included in the analysis. The participants' residential history combined with UVR estimates from the EuroSun satellite were used to estimate the amount of ambient UVR they have been exposed to over their lifetime. Age-related macular degeneration was classified from retinal fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography at 2 to 3 years intervals over the 2006 to 2017 period. Associations between cumulative exposure to ultraviolet A, ultraviolet B, and total (total UV) and the incidence of early and advanced AMD were estimated using multivariate Cox models. RESULTS Intermediate quartiles of total UV, ultraviolet A, and ultraviolet B exposures were associated with a higher risk for incident early AMD (Hazard Ratio [HR] =2.01 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-3.13], HR = 2.20 [95% CI = 1.38-3.50], HR = 1.79 [95% CI = 1.13-2.80], respectively) as compared with the lower quartile. However, this risk did not further increase in the highest quartiles of exposure. None of the three types of UVR exposure was significantly associated with incident advanced AMD. CONCLUSION Despite an increased risk with intermediate compared with low UVR exposure, our study cannot confirm a dose-response relationship of UVR exposure with early AMD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Amari
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jean-François Korobelnik
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Delyfer
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Boniol
- World Health Organization, Health Personnel Department, Geneva, Switzerland; and
| | - Jean-François Dore
- INSERM U 1296 "Radiation, Defense, Health, Environment", Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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47
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Dejanovic B, Sheng M, Hanson JE. Targeting synapse function and loss for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:23-42. [PMID: 38012296 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction and loss are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases that correlate with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse synaptic damage remain elusive. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways that impair synapses in neurodegenerative diseases, including the effects of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation. We also highlight emerging therapeutic approaches that aim to restore synaptic function and integrity, such as enhancing synaptic plasticity, preventing synaptotoxicity, modulating neuronal network activity and targeting immune signalling. We discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for each strategy, as well as the challenges and opportunities for developing effective synapse-targeting therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Sheng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesse E Hanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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48
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Perneczky R. Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Treatment Based on Population-Based Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2785:15-33. [PMID: 38427185 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is hindered by limited knowledge of the underlying biological and environmental causes. While certain genetic factors have been associated with AD, and various lifestyle and environmental factors have been linked to dementia risk, the interactions between genes and the environment are not yet fully understood. To identify new avenues for dementia prevention, coordinated global efforts are needed to utilize existing cohorts and resources effectively and efficiently. This chapter provides an overview of current research on risk and protective factors for AD and dementia and discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with population-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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49
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Horibe S, Emoto T, Mizoguchi T, Tanaka T, Kawauchi S, Sasaki N, Yamashita T, Ikeda K, Emoto N, Hirata KI, Rikitake Y. Endothelial senescence alleviates cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:51-68. [PMID: 37610154 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence was discovered in the AD brain, but its function in AD pathogenesis was unidentified. Here we created an AD mouse model with EC senescence (APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice) by intercrossing APP/PS1 mice with Tie2 promoter-driven dominant negative telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 transgenic mice (TERF2DN-Tg mice). We evaluated cognitive functions and AD brain pathology in APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice. Surprisingly, compared with the control APP/PS1 mice, APP/PS1;TERF2DN mice demonstrated the attenuation of cognitive impairment and amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, accompanied by the compaction of Aβ plaques with increased microglial coverage and reduced neurite dystrophy. Moreover, we evaluated whether EC senescence could affect microglial morphology and phagocytosis of Aβ. Compared with wild-type mice, microglia in TERF2DN-Tg mice display increased numbers of endpoints (a morphometric parameter to quantify the number of processes) and Aβ phagocytosis and related gene expression. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis showed that compared with APP/PS1 mouse microglia, APP/PS1;TERF2DN mouse microglia displayed a modest decline in disease-associated microglia, accompanied by an altered direction of biological process branching from antigen synthesis and arrangement to ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis. Our outcomes indicate that EC senescence alters microglia toward a protective phenotype with a rise in phagocytic and barrier roles, and may offer a clue to create a novel preventive/therapeutic method to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayo Horibe
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takuo Emoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawauchi
- Comprehensive Education and Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Epidemiology for Longevity and Regional Health, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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50
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Le Bourdonnec K, Samieri C, Tzourio C, Mura T, Mishra A, Trégouët DA, Proust-Lima C. Addressing unmeasured confounders in cohort studies: Instrumental variable method for a time-fixed exposure on an outcome trajectory. Biom J 2024; 66:e2200358. [PMID: 38098309 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202200358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Instrumental variable methods, which handle unmeasured confounding by targeting the part of the exposure explained by an exogenous variable not subject to confounding, have gained much interest in observational studies. We consider the very frequent setting of estimating the unconfounded effect of an exposure measured at baseline on the subsequent trajectory of an outcome repeatedly measured over time. We didactically explain how to apply the instrumental variable method in such setting by adapting the two-stage classical methodology with (1) the prediction of the exposure according to the instrumental variable, (2) its inclusion into a mixed model to quantify the exposure association with the subsequent outcome trajectory, and (3) the computation of the estimated total variance. A simulation study illustrates the consequences of unmeasured confounding in classical analyses and the usefulness of the instrumental variable approach. The methodology is then applied to 6224 participants of the 3C cohort to estimate the association of type-2 diabetes with subsequent cognitive trajectory, using 42 genetic polymorphisms as instrumental variables. This contribution shows how to handle endogeneity when interested in repeated outcomes, along with a R implementation. However, it should still be used with caution as it relies on instrumental variable assumptions hardly testable in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Inserm, BPH, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thibault Mura
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Aniket Mishra
- Inserm, BPH, U1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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