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Schneider C, O'Leary CE, Locksley RM. Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 19:584-593. [PMID: 31114038 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are rare, secretory epithelial cells that generated scant immunological interest until contemporaneous reports in 2016 linked tuft cells with type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Tuft cells have the capacity to produce an unusual spectrum of biological effector molecules, including IL-25, eicosanoids implicated in allergy (such as cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2) and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In most cases, the extracellular signals controlling tuft cell effector function are unknown, but signal transduction is thought to proceed via canonical, G protein-coupled receptor-dependent pathways involving components of the signalling pathway used by type II taste bud cells to sense sweet, bitter and umami compounds. Tuft cells are ideally positioned as chemosensory sentinels that can detect and relay information from diverse luminal substances via what appear to be stereotyped outputs to initiate both positive and aversive responses through populations of immune and neuronal cells. Despite recent insights, numerous questions remain regarding tuft cell lineage, diversity and effector mechanisms and how tuft cells interface with the immunological niche in the tissues where they reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Chen K, Eddens T, Trevejo-Nunez G, Way EE, Elsegeiny W, Ricks DM, Garg AV, Erb CJ, Bo M, Wang T, Chen W, Lee JS, Gaffen SL, Kolls JK. IL-17 Receptor Signaling in the Lung Epithelium Is Required for Mucosal Chemokine Gradients and Pulmonary Host Defense against K. pneumoniae. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:596-605. [PMID: 27923703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-17, and signaling via its heterodimeric IL-17RA/IL-17RC receptor, is critical for host defense against extracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens. Polarized lung epithelial cells express IL-17RA and IL-17RC basolaterally. However, their contribution to IL-17-dependent pulmonary defenses in vivo remains to be determined. To address this, we generated mice with conditional deletion of Il17ra or Il17rc in Scgb1a1-expressing club cells, a major component of the murine bronchiolar epithelium. These mice displayed an impaired ability to recruit neutrophils into the airway lumen in response to IL-17, a defect in bacterial clearance upon mucosal challenge with the pulmonary pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae, and substantially reduced epithelial expression of the chemokine Cxcl5. Neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance were restored by intranasal administration of recombinant CXCL5. Our data show that IL-17R signaling in the lung epithelium plays a critical role in establishing chemokine gradients that are essential for mucosal immunity against pulmonary bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Chen
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Giraldina Trevejo-Nunez
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Emily E Way
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Waleed Elsegeiny
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - David M Ricks
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Abhishek V Garg
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Carla J Erb
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Meihua Bo
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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de Vries SPW, Eleveld MJ, Hermans PWM, Bootsma HJ. Characterization of the molecular interplay between Moraxella catarrhalis and human respiratory tract epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72193. [PMID: 23936538 PMCID: PMC3735583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis is a mucosal pathogen that causes childhood otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. During the course of infection, M. catarrhalis needs to adhere to epithelial cells of different host niches such as the nasopharynx and lungs, and consequently, efficient adhesion to epithelial cells is considered an important virulence trait of M. catarrhalis. By using Tn-seq, a genome-wide negative selection screenings technology, we identified 15 genes potentially required for adherence of M. catarrhalis BBH18 to pharyngeal epithelial Detroit 562 and lung epithelial A549 cells. Validation with directed deletion mutants confirmed the importance of aroA (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase), ecnAB (entericidin EcnAB), lgt1 (glucosyltransferase), and MCR_1483 (outer membrane lipoprotein) for cellular adherence, with ΔMCR_1483 being most severely attenuated in adherence to both cell lines. Expression profiling of M. catarrhalis BBH18 during adherence to Detroit 562 cells showed increased expression of 34 genes in cell-attached versus planktonic bacteria, among which ABC transporters for molybdate and sulfate, while reduced expression of 16 genes was observed. Notably, neither the newly identified genes affecting adhesion nor known adhesion genes were differentially expressed during adhesion, but appeared to be constitutively expressed at a high level. Profiling of the transcriptional response of Detroit 562 cells upon adherence of M. catarrhalis BBH18 showed induction of a panel of pro-inflammatory genes as well as genes involved in the prevention of damage of the epithelial barrier. In conclusion, this study provides new insight into the molecular interplay between M. catarrhalis and host epithelial cells during the process of adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P. W. de Vries
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J. Eleveld
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W. M. Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hester J. Bootsma
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Costa MM, Pereiro P, Wang T, Secombes CJ, Figueras A, Novoa B. Characterization and gene expression analysis of the two main Th17 cytokines (IL-17A/F and IL-22) in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:505-16. [PMID: 23000268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the cloning, characterization and gene expression pattern of two Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17A/F and -22, in turbot Scophthalmus maximus. The turbot IL-17A/F cDNA contains a 516 bp open reading frame encoding a deduced IL-17A/F protein of 171 amino acid (aa) residues, containing a predicted signal peptide of 31 aa. Turbot IL-22 had a 564 bp ORF coding for a 187 aa protein with a 33 aa signal peptide. The turbot IL-22 protein contained a typical IL-10 family signature. Both cytokines had highest expression levels in the intestine followed by head kidney and gills. Stimulation with the Gram negative bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida was able to modulate IL-17A/F and IL-22 expression in head kidney, spleen and liver but not the intestine. PMA and PHA were also able to induce the expression of both cytokines, suggesting that, as expected, T-cells are likely the main producers of these molecules in turbot as in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Costa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Vigo, Spain
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Liu J, Liu S, Cao X. Highlights of the advances in basic immunology in 2011. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 9:197-207. [PMID: 22522654 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the major fundamental advances in immunological research reported in 2011. The highlights focus on the improved understanding of key questions in basic immunology, including the initiation and activation of innate responses as well as mechanisms for the development and function of various T-cell subsets. The research includes the identification of novel cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors as well as the identification of the novel regulators of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway. Moreover, remarkable advances have been made in the developmental and functional properties of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Helper T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells play indispensable roles in orchestrating adaptive immunity. There have been exciting discoveries regarding the regulatory mechanisms of the development of distinct T-cell subsets, particularly Th17 cells and Treg cells. The emerging roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in T cell immunity are discussed, as is the recent identification of a novel T-cell subset referred to as follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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