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Randall KL, Flesch IEA, Mei Y, Miosge LA, Aye R, Yu Z, Domaschenz H, Hollett NA, Russell TA, Stefanovic T, Wong YC, Seneviratne S, Ballard F, Hernandez Gallardo R, Croft SN, Goodnow CC, Bertram EM, Enders A, Tscharke DC. DOCK2 Deficiency Causes Defects in Antiviral T-Cell Responses and Impaired Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:e712-e721. [PMID: 38366567 PMCID: PMC11420714 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The expanding number of rare immunodeficiency syndromes offers an opportunity to understand key genes that support immune defense against infectious diseases. However, analysis of these in patients is complicated by their treatments and comorbid infections, requiring the use of mouse models for detailed investigations. We developed a mouse model of DOCK2 immunodeficiency and herein demonstrate that these mice have delayed clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. We also uncovered a critical, cell-intrinsic role of DOCK2 in the priming of antiviral CD8+ T cells and in particular their initial expansion, despite apparently normal early activation of these cells. When this defect was overcome by priming in vitro, DOCK2-deficient CD8+ T cells were surprisingly protective against HSV-1 disease, albeit not as effectively as wild-type cells. These results shed light on a cellular deficiency that is likely to impact antiviral immunity in DOCK2-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Randall
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Inge E A Flesch
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yan Mei
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Racheal Aye
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhijia Yu
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Heather Domaschenz
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Natasha A Hollett
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tiffany A Russell
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tijana Stefanovic
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sandali Seneviratne
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fiona Ballard
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Raquel Hernandez Gallardo
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sarah N Croft
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward M Bertram
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David C Tscharke
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Bangert C, Alkon N, Chennareddy S, Arnoldner T, Levine JP, Pilz M, Medjimorec MA, Ruggiero J, Cohenour ER, Jonak C, Damsky W, Griss J, Brunner PM. Dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis shows a pronounced type 22 immune signature mediated by oligoclonally expanded T cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2839. [PMID: 38565563 PMCID: PMC10987549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dupilumab, an IL4R-blocking antibody, has shown clinical efficacy for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. In addition to conjunctivitis/blepharitis, the de novo appearance of head/neck dermatitis is now recognized as a distinct side effect, occurring in up to 10% of patients. Histopathological features distinct from AD suggest a drug effect, but exact underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We profiled punch biopsies from dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis (DAHND) by using single-cell RNA sequencing and compared data with untreated AD and healthy control skin. We show that dupilumab treatment was accompanied by normalization of IL-4/IL-13 downstream activity markers such as CCL13, CCL17, CCL18 and CCL26. By contrast, we found strong increases in type 22-associated markers (IL22, AHR) especially in oligoclonally expanded T cells, accompanied by enhanced keratinocyte activation and IL-22 receptor upregulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that dupilumab effectively dampens conventional type 2 inflammation in DAHND lesions, with concomitant hyperactivation of IL22-associated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tamara Arnoldner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmine P Levine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Pilz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco A Medjimorec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Ruggiero
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Emry R Cohenour
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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He Z, Xu X, Zhao Q, Ding H, Wang DW. Vasospastic angina: Past, present, and future. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 249:108500. [PMID: 37482097 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Vasospastic angina (VSA) is characterized by episodes of rest angina that are responsive to short-acting nitrates and are attributable to coronary artery vasospasm. The condition is underdiagnosed as the provocation test is rarely performed. VSA, the most important component of non-obstructive coronary artery disease, can present with angina, be asymptomatic, or can even present with fatal arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Although most patients with VSA respond well to vasodilating medications, prognosis does not improve as expected in most patients, suggesting the existence elusive prognostic factors and pathogenesis that warrant further exploration. Moreover, patients with either severe or refractory VSA barely respond to conventional treatment and may develop life-threatening arrhythmias or suffer sudden cardiac death during ischemic attacks, which are associated with immune-inflammatory responses and have been shown to achieve remission following glucocorticoid and immunoglobulin treatments. Our recent work revealed that inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and development of coronary spasms, and that inflammatory cytokines have predictive value for diagnosis. In contrast to the existing literature, this review both summarizes the theoretical and clinical aspects of VSA, and also discusses the relationship between inflammation, especially myocarditis and VSA, in order to provide novel insights into the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of VSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowen He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qu Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Randall KL, Flesch IEA, Mei Y, Miosge LA, Aye R, Yu Z, Domaschenz H, Hollett NA, Russell TA, Stefanovic T, Wong YC, Goodnow CC, Bertram EM, Enders A, Tscharke DC. DOCK2-deficiency causes defects in anti-viral T cell responses and poor control of herpes simplex virus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551154. [PMID: 37577614 PMCID: PMC10418165 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The expanding number of rare immunodeficiency syndromes offers an opportunity to understand key genes that support immune defence against infectious diseases. However, patients with these diseases are by definition rare. In addition, any analysis is complicated by treatments and co-morbid infections requiring the use of mouse models for detailed investigations. Here we develop a mouse model of DOCK2 immunodeficiency and demonstrate that these mice have delayed clearance of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections. Further, we found that they have a critical, cell intrinsic role of DOCK2 in the clonal expansion of anti-viral CD8+ T cells despite normal early activation of these cells. Finally, while the major deficiency is in clonal expansion, the ability of primed and expanded DOCK2-deficient CD8+ T cells to protect against HSV-1-infection is also compromised. These results provide a contributing cause for the frequent and devastating viral infections seen in DOCK2-deficient patients and improve our understanding of anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Randall
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2600
| | - Inge E A Flesch
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Yan Mei
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Racheal Aye
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Zhijia Yu
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Heather Domaschenz
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Natasha A Hollett
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Tiffany A Russell
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Tijana Stefanovic
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Edward M Bertram
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - Anselm Enders
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
| | - David C Tscharke
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601
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5
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Saito S, Shimizu M, Miyashita R, Inoue T, Nagano A, Kunugi S, Hatori T, Okano T, Seike M. Successful immunosuppressant-free treatment of a drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction caused by dupilumab. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 44:101883. [PMID: 37305219 PMCID: PMC10249011 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a drug-induced sarcoidosis-like reaction (DISR) in a 34-year-old female patient who had been receiving dupilumab for eosinophilic rhinosinusitis, for seven months. Computerized tomography scans revealed multiple lymphadenopathies, and biopsies performed on the lung and skin lesions showed the presence of non-caseating granulomas. The patient's serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme were elevated. There were no findings of Mycobacterium spp, or any other bacterial infections. Based on these findings, it was suspected that the sarcoidosis-like reaction observed in this patient was caused by dupilumab. Switching the patient's treatment from dupilumab to mepolizumab improved the DISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Saito
- Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimizu
- Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Miyashita
- Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Inoue
- Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atushiro Nagano
- Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinobu Kunugi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hatori
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okano
- Nippon Medical School Chiba-Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
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Li W, Sun Y, Yu L, Chen R, Gan R, Qiu L, Sun G, Chen J, Zhou L, Ding Y, Du H, Shu Z, Zhang Z, Tang X, Chen Y, Zhao X, Zhao Q, An Y. Multiple Immune Defects in Two Patients with Novel DOCK2 Mutations Result in Recurrent Multiple Infection Including Live Attenuated Virus Vaccine. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01466-y. [PMID: 36947335 PMCID: PMC10032263 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis 2(DOCK2) protein, an atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEFs), is a member of the DOCKA protein subfamily. DOCK2 protein deficiency is characterized by early-onset lymphopenia, recurrent infections, and lymphocyte dysfunction, which was classified as combined immune deficiency with neutrophil abnormalities as well. The only cure is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we report two patients harboring four novel DOCK2 mutations associated with recurrent infections including live attenuated vaccine-related infections. The patient's condition was partially alleviated by symptomatic treatment or intravenous immunoglobulin. We also confirmed defects in thymic T cell output and T cell proliferation, as well as aberrant skewing of T/B cell subset TCR-Vβ repertoires. In addition, we noted neutrophil defects, the weakening of actin polymerization, and BCR internalization under TCR/BCR activation. Finally, we found that the DOCK2 protein affected antibody affinity although with normal total serum immunoglobulin. The results reported herein expand the clinical phenotype, the pathogenic DOCK2 mutation database, and the immune characteristics of DOCK2-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Gan
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyao Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqiang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Shu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongwen Chen
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yunfei An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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7
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Kunimura K, Akiyoshi S, Uruno T, Matsubara K, Sakata D, Morino K, Hirotani K, Fukui Y. DOCK2 regulates MRGPRX2/B2-mediated mast cell degranulation and drug-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023:S0091-6749(23)00209-9. [PMID: 36804596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced anaphylaxis is triggered by the direct stimulation of mast cells (MCs) via Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2; mouse ortholog MRGPRB2). However, the precise mechanism that links MRGPRX2/B2 to MC degranulation is poorly understood. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) is a Rac activator predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Although DOCK2 regulates migration and activation of leukocytes, its role in MCs remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate whether-and if so, how-DOCK2 is involved in MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC degranulation and anaphylaxis. METHODS Induction of drug-induced systemic and cutaneous anaphylaxis was compared between wild-type and DOCK2-deficient mice. In addition, genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of DOCK2 in human and murine MCs was used to reveal its role in MRGPRX2/B2-mediated signal transduction and degranulation. RESULTS Induction of MC degranulation and anaphylaxis by compound 48/80 and ciprofloxacin was severely attenuated in the absence of DOCK2. Although calcium influx and phosphorylation of several signaling molecules were unaffected, MRGPRB2-mediated Rac activation and phosphorylation of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) were impaired in DOCK2-deficient MCs. Similar results were obtained when mice or MCs were treated with small-molecule inhibitors that bind to the catalytic domain of DOCK2 and inhibit Rac activation. CONCLUSION DOCK2 regulates MRGPRX2/B2-mediated MC degranulation through Rac activation and PAK1 phosphorylation, thereby indicating that the DOCK2-Rac-PAK1 axis could be a target for preventing drug-induced anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Kunimura
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Akiyoshi
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Morino
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hirotani
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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D'Auria E, Acunzo M, Salvatore S, Grazi R, Agosti M, Vandenplas Y, Zuccotti G. Biotics in atopic diseases: state of the art and future perspectives. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:688-702. [PMID: 36149096 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.07010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of allergic diseases has growing in recent decades, being a significant burden for patients and their families. Different environmental factors, acting in early life, can significantly affect the timing and diversity of bacterial colonization and the immune system development. Growing evidence points to a correlation between early life microbial perturbation and development of allergic diseases. Besides, changes in the microbiota in one body site may influence other microbiota communities at distance by different mechanisms, including microbial-derived metabolites, mainly the short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Hence, there has been an increasing interest on the role of "biotics" (probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics and postbiotics) in shaping dysbiosis and modulating allergic risk. Systemic type 2 inflammation is emerging as a common pathogenetic pathway of allergic diseases, intertwining communication with the gut mcirobiota. The aim of this review was to provide an update overview of the current knowledge of biotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, also addressing research gaps which need to be filled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D'Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy -
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, F. Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberta Grazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Agosti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Insubria, F. Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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9
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Ji L, Xu S, Luo H, Zeng F. Insights from DOCK2 in cell function and pathophysiology. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:997659. [PMID: 36250020 PMCID: PMC9559381 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.997659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) can activate the downstream small G protein Rac and regulate cytoskeletal reorganization. DOCK2 is essential for critical physiological processes such as migration, activation, proliferation, and effects of immune cells, including lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. For example, DOCK2 is involved in the development and activation of T and B lymphocytes by affecting synapse formation and inhibiting the development of the Th2 lineage by downregulating IL-4Rα surface expression. Not only that, DOCK2 may be a molecular target for controlling cardiac transplant rejection and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Patients with defects in the DOCK2 gene also exhibit a variety of impaired cellular functions, such as chemotactic responses of lymphocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils. To date, DOCK2 has been shown to be involved in the development of various diseases, including AD, pneumonia, myocarditis, colitis, tumors, etc. DOCK2 plays different roles in these diseases and the degree of inflammatory response has a different impact on the progression of disease. In this paper, we present a review of recent advances in the function of DOCK2 in various immune cells and its role in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Organoid Research Center, Xiamen Broad Creation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Research and Development Center, Xiamen Mogengel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
| | - Fanwei Zeng
- Organoid Research Center, Xiamen Broad Creation Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- Research and Development Center, Xiamen Mogengel Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Fanwei Zeng, ; Haiqing Luo, ; Lulin Ji,
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10
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Pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells in gut-mouth axis provoke inflammatory oral disease and are modulated by intestinal microbiome. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111314. [PMID: 36070692 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immune response via Th17 cells against oral pathobionts is a key mediator in periodontitis development. However, where and how the Th17-type immune response is induced during the development of periodontitis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that gut translocation of the oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) exacerbates oral pathobiont-induced periodontitis with enhanced Th17 cell differentiation. The oral pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells are differentiated in Peyer's patches and translocated systemically in the peripheral immune tissues. They are also capable of migrating to and accumulating in the mouth upon oral infection. Development of periodontitis via the oral pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells is regulated by the intestinal microbiome, and altering the intestinal microbiome composition with antibiotics affects the development of periodontitis. Our study highlights that pathobiont-responsive Th17 cells in the gut-mouth axis and the intestinal microbiome work together to provoke inflammatory oral diseases, including periodontitis.
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11
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Guo X, Adeyanju O, Sunil C, Mandlem V, Olajuyin A, Huang S, Chen SY, Idell S, Tucker TA, Qian G. DOCK2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis by promoting lung fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C133-C144. [PMID: 35584329 PMCID: PMC9273279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00067.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common chronic interstitial lung disease and is characterized by progressive scarring of the lung. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays an essential role in IPF and drives fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT). Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) is known to regulate diverse immune functions by activating Rac and has been recently implicated in pleural fibrosis. We now report a novel role of DOCK2 in pulmonary fibrosis development by mediating FMT. In primary normal and IPF human lung fibroblasts (HLFs), TGF-β induced DOCK2 expression concurrent with FMT markers, smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA), collagen-1, and fibronectin. Knockdown of DOCK2 significantly attenuated TGF-β-induced expression of these FMT markers. In addition, we found that the upregulation of DOCK2 by TGF-β is dependent on both Smad3 and ERK pathways as their respective inhibitors blocked TGF-β-mediated induction. TGF-β also stabilized DOCK2 protein, which contributes to increased DOCK2 expression. In addition, DOCK2 was also dramatically induced in the lungs of patients with IPF and in bleomycin, and TGF-β induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, increased lung DOCK2 expression colocalized with the FMT marker α-SMA in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, implicating DOCK2 in the regulation of lung fibroblast phenotypic changes. Importantly, DOCK2 deficiency also attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and α-SMA expression. Taken together, our study demonstrates a novel role of DOCK2 in pulmonary fibrosis by modulating FMT and suggests that targeting DOCK2 may present a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Oluwaseun Adeyanju
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Christudas Sunil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Venkatakirankumar Mandlem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Ayobami Olajuyin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Steven Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, Texas
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
- The Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, Texas
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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12
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Ding S, Cao Y, Lu X, Zhang H, Cong L, Yi T, Xu M, Wang L. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) silencing protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by modulating microglia polarization via the activation of the STAT6 signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 491:110-121. [PMID: 35395356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is the major pathophysiological process in stroke and could lead to severe and permanent disability. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. We established a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model with suture-occluded method in vivo. Then, BV-2 cells were conducted to oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. The results showed that DOCK2 was highly expressed in ischemic brain following MCAO and in BV-2 cells induced by OGD/R. DOCK2 depletion protected against MCAO-induced brain infarcts and neuron degeneration. DOCK2 downregulation improved long-term neurological function, which was assessed by the Morris water-maze test. Moreover, silencing of DOCK2 promoted M2 polarization (anti-inflammation) and repressed M1 polarization (pro-inflammation) of microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Subsequently, we found that the loss of DOCK2 upregulated the expression of p-STAT6. DOCK2 knockdown-induced microglial cell polarization towards M2 phenotype was partly abrogated by the STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499. In conclusion, DOCK2 downregulation protected against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by modulating microglia polarization via the activation of the STAT6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Ding
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuze Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Tingting Yi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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13
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Bakker DS, van der Wal MM, Heeb LE, Giovannone B, Asamoah M, Delemarre EM, Drylewicz J, Nierkens S, Boyman O, de Bruin-Weller MS, Thijs JL, van Wijk F. Early and Long-Term Effects of Dupilumab Treatment on Circulating T-Cell Functions in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1943-1953.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Yang C, Lin J, Liang H, Xue L, Kwart A, Jiang M, Zhao J, Ren H, Jiang X, Munshi NC. CD44 v5 domain inhibition represses the polarization of Th2 cells by interfering with the IL-4/IL-4R signaling pathway. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 100:21-32. [PMID: 34219288 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The balance between Th1 and Th2 cells is critical for both innate and acquired immune reactions. But the precise mechanisms of T helper cells differentiations are still unclear. As an important T cell activation molecular, CD44 participates in the Th1 and Th2 differentiation. We demonstrated that CD44 variant exon-v5 is highly expressed by induced human Th2 cells. In order to investigate the role of CD44v5 domain in Th2 cell differentiation, we treated human CD4+ T cells with CD44v5 antibody and observed that the levels of pSTAT6 and GATA3 and the secretion of IL-4 were significantly decreased after the treatment. We also further found that the inhibition of Th2 differentiation was caused by the IL-4Rα degradation, CD44v5 domain co-localized with IL-4Rα on cell surface, the degradation of IL-4Rα increased after CD44v5 blocking or ablating. Our results indicated that CD44v5 antibody treatment interrupted the interaction between CD44v5 and IL-4Rα, but the CD44v5 domain blockage would not spoil the co-localization between IL4R expression and TCR and the immunological synapse formation, similar results were also found in CD44v5 deficient CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, we revealed the function of CD44v5 domain in Th2 cell differentiation, blocking or ablating CD44v5 domain could accelerate IL-4Rα degradation and then induce the Th2 cell inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4thHospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4thHospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4thHospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariel Kwart
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meng Jiang
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of General surgery, the 4th Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Huan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the 4thHospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Bhattacharyya ND, Counoupas C, Daniel L, Zhang G, Cook SJ, Cootes TA, Stifter SA, Bowen DG, Triccas JA, Bertolino P, Britton WJ, Feng CG. TCR Affinity Controls the Dynamics but Not the Functional Specification of the Antimycobacterial CD4 + T Cell Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2875-2887. [PMID: 34049970 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The quality of T cell responses depends on the lymphocytes' ability to undergo clonal expansion, acquire effector functions, and traffic to the site of infection. Although TCR signal strength is thought to dominantly shape the T cell response, by using TCR transgenic CD4+ T cells with different peptide:MHC binding affinity, we reveal that TCR affinity does not control Th1 effector function acquisition or the functional output of individual effectors following mycobacterial infection in mice. Rather, TCR affinity calibrates the rate of cell division to synchronize the distinct processes of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and trafficking. By timing cell division-dependent IL-12R expression, TCR affinity controls when T cells become receptive to Th1-imprinting IL-12 signals, determining the emergence and magnitude of the Th1 effector pool. These findings reveal a distinct yet cooperative role for IL-12 and TCR binding affinity in Th1 differentiation and suggest that the temporal activation of clones with different TCR affinity is a major strategy to coordinate immune surveillance against persistent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan D Bhattacharyya
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claudio Counoupas
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lina Daniel
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stuart J Cook
- Immune Imaging Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Taylor A Cootes
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastian A Stifter
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Bowen
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - James A Triccas
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunity Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; and
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl G Feng
- Immunology and Host Defense Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; .,Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Baylet A, Laclaverie M, Marchand L, Bordes S, Closs-Gonthier B, Delpy L. Immunotherapies in cutaneous pathologies: an overview. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:248-255. [PMID: 33137480 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a vital protective organ, the main role of which is to provide a physical barrier and to prevent the entry of pathogens. Various pathologies, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (PSO), or skin cancers, can affect the skin, and all show a high and increasing prevalence. Many antibodies are currently used in the treatment of these diseases. However, various studies are underway for the development of new biologics directed against specific targets. In this review, we describe current biologics used in skin pathologies as well as antibodies in development. We also discuss various immunotherapy examples that use new delivery technologies, such as microneedle patch, nanoparticles (NPs), liposomes, or gel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Baylet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - Université de Limoges, CBRS, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; Silab R&D Department, Brive, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Delpy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7276 - INSERM U1262 - Université de Limoges, CBRS, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France.
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atopic dermatitis (AD), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) represent three important allergic dermatoses with many unmet therapeutic needs. The development of biologic agents has opened the door to both new treatment options and improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, both shared and unique for these entities. With several FDA-approved medications available and many more in development, the biologic revolution has begun for allergic dermatoses. RECENT FINDINGS This is a narrative review on the current state of pathomechanisms and appropriately targeted biologic agents for these three common allergic skin conditions. The importance of Th2 inflammation and the effect of inflammatory cytokines on the skin barrier may help explain the impressive efficacy of biologic agents, while maintaining relative safety. While some of the biologic agents show efficacy across multiple allergic dermatoses, more often it seems these more targeted pathways show accordingly precise efficacy. However, in each disease, multiple agents hold promise, and may be differentiated by safety and adverse effect profile rather than simply by efficacy. New understanding of the pathogenesis of the allergic dermatoses has ushered in a new era of biologic therapies. Competing mechanisms and molecules will continue to be developed and vetted in trials with hopes of continuously refined precision therapies with optimized safety and efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Bilimoria
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 363 W. Erie Street, Suite 350, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Peter A Lio
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 363 W. Erie Street, Suite 350, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
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18
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Licari A, Castagnoli R, Marseglia A, Olivero F, Votto M, Ciprandi G, Marseglia GL. Dupilumab to Treat Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases in Children and Adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 2020; 22:295-310. [PMID: 32157553 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-020-00387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, significant therapeutic progress has been made in the field of allergic diseases, mainly concerning the pathogenic role of type 2 inflammation. Biologics targeting specific key cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, as well as IgE, have emerged as promising innovative therapies for allergic disorders. In this context, dupilumab has emerged as one of the most successful therapies targeting the IL-4R axis. Dupilumab is a human IgG4 antibody anti-IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) α-subunit that blocks IL-4R signaling induced by both IL-4 and IL-13, downregulating the molecular pathways that drive type 2 inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and eosinophilic esophagitis. This review presents the most recent evidence on dupilumab for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory diseases and discusses the future perspective, focusing on the pediatric age group and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Olivero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Votto
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, viale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Harb H, Chatila TA. Mechanisms of Dupilumab. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:5-14. [PMID: 31505066 PMCID: PMC6930967 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 and the heterodimeric IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complexes that they interact with play a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. Dupilumab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα), common to both IL-4R complexes: type 1 (IL-4Rα/γc; IL-4 specific) and type 2 (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1; IL-4 and IL-13 specific). In this review, we detail the current state of knowledge of the different signalling pathways coupled to the IL-4R complexes and examine the possible mechanisms of Dupilumab action and survey its clinical efficacy in different allergic disorders. The development of Dupilumab and the widening spectrum of its clinical applications is relevant to the current emphasis on precision medicine approaches to the blockade of pathways involved in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Janssen E, Geha RS. Primary immunodeficiencies caused by mutations in actin regulatory proteins. Immunol Rev 2019; 287:121-134. [PMID: 30565251 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The identification of patients with monogenic gene defects have illuminated the function of different proteins in the immune system, including proteins that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Many of these actin regulatory proteins are exclusively expressed in leukocytes and regulate the formation and branching of actin filaments. Their absence or abnormal function leads to defects in immune cell shape, cellular projections, migration, and signaling. Through the study of patients' mutations and generation of mouse models that recapitulate the patients' phenotypes, our laboratory and others have gained a better understanding of the role these proteins play in cell biology and the underlying pathogenesis of immunodeficiencies and immune dysregulatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Janssen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Segatto I, Zompit MDM, Citron F, D'Andrea S, Vinciguerra GLR, Perin T, Berton S, Mungo G, Schiappacassi M, Marchini C, Amici A, Vecchione A, Baldassarre G, Belletti B. Stathmin Is Required for Normal Mouse Mammary Gland Development and Δ16HER2-Driven Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 79:397-409. [PMID: 30478213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal development of the mammary gland relies on the maintenance of oriented cell division and apicobasal polarity, both of which are often deregulated in cancer. The microtubule (MT) network contributes to control these processes; however, very little is known about the impact of altered MT dynamics in the development of a complex organ and on the role played by MT-interacting proteins such as stathmin. In this study, we report that female stathmin knock-out (STM KO) mice are unable to nurse their litters due to frank impairment of mammary gland development. In mouse mammary epithelial cells, loss of stathmin compromised the trafficking of polarized proteins and the achievement of proper apicobasal polarity. In particular, prolactin receptor internalization and localization was altered in STM KO mammary epithelial cells, leading to decreased protein stability and downmodulation of the Prl/PrlR/STAT5 signaling pathway. Absence of stathmin induced alterations in mitotic spindle orientation, accumulation of mitotic defects, and apoptosis, overall contributing to tissue disorganization and further decreasing the expansion of the mammary epithelial compartment. Loss of stathmin in MMTV-Δ16HER2 transgenic mice decreased the incidence and increased the latency of these very aggressive mammary carcinomas. Collectively, these data identify the essential mammary protein stathmin as protumorigenic and suggest it may serve as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Stathmin expression is critical to maintain oriented cell division and apicobasal polarity in normal mammary glands and to establish a protumorigenic program that eventually sustains HER2-positive breast cancer formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Segatto
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mara De Marco Zompit
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Citron
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara D'Andrea
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Unit of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Stefania Berton
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mungo
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Cristina Marchini
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Augusto Amici
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza" Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
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22
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Chen Y, Meng F, Wang B, He L, Liu Y, Liu Z. Dock2 in the development of inflammation and cancer. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:915-922. [PMID: 29509960 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An atypical guanine exchange factor, Dock2 is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells and regulates activation and migration of immune cells through activating Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac). Dock2 was shown to be critical in the development of various inflammatory diseases, including allergic diseases, HIV infection, and graft rejection in organ transplantation. DOCK2 mutation in infants was recently identified to be associated with T and B cell combined immunodeficiency. Furthermore, Dock2 is involved in host protection during enteric bacterial infection and is also associated with the proliferation of cancer cells. It was also shown that patients with digestive tract cancer had high frequency mutation of DOCK2. This review summarizes the latest research progresses on the role of Dock2 for the development of various inflammatory diseases and cancers, and discusses the potential application of Dock2 modulators for patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Meng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangmei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.,Ganzhou Cancer Precision Medicine Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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23
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Abstract
Proper regulation of the immune system is required for protection against pathogens and preventing autoimmune disorders. Inborn errors of the immune system due to inherited or de novo germline mutations can lead to the loss of protective immunity, aberrant immune homeostasis, and the development of autoimmune disease, or combinations of these. Forward genetic screens involving clinical material from patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) can vary in severity from life-threatening disease affecting multiple cell types and organs to relatively mild disease with susceptibility to a limited range of pathogens or mild autoimmune conditions. As central mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses, T cells are critical orchestrators and effectors of the immune response. As such, several PIDs result from loss of or altered T cell function. PID-associated functional defects range from complete absence of T cell development to uncontrolled effector cell activation. Furthermore, the gene products of known PID causal genes are involved in diverse molecular pathways ranging from T cell receptor signaling to regulators of protein glycosylation. Identification of the molecular and biochemical cause of PIDs can not only guide the course of treatment for patients, but also inform our understanding of the basic biology behind T cell function. In this chapter, we review PIDs with known genetic causes that intrinsically affect T cell function with particular focus on perturbations of biochemical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Comrie
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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24
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Ushijima M, Uruno T, Nishikimi A, Sanematsu F, Kamikaseda Y, Kunimura K, Sakata D, Okada T, Fukui Y. The Rac Activator DOCK2 Mediates Plasma Cell Differentiation and IgG Antibody Production. Front Immunol 2018; 9:243. [PMID: 29503648 PMCID: PMC5820292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of humoral immune responses is the production of antibodies. This process involves a complex cascade of molecular and cellular interactions, including recognition of specific antigen by the B cell receptor (BCR), which triggers activation of B cells and differentiation into plasma cells (PCs). Although activation of the small GTPase Rac has been implicated in BCR-mediated antigen recognition, its precise role in humoral immunity and the upstream regulator remain elusive. DOCK2 is a Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. We found that BCR-mediated Rac activation was almost completely lost in DOCK2-deficient B cells, resulting in defects in B cell spreading over the target cell-membrane and sustained growth of BCR microclusters at the interface. When wild-type B cells were stimulated in vitro with anti-IgM F(ab′)2 antibody in the presence of IL-4 and IL-5, they differentiated efficiently into PCs. However, BCR-mediated PC differentiation was severely impaired in the case of DOCK2-deficient B cells. Similar results were obtained in vivo when DOCK2-deficient B cells expressing a defined BCR specificity were adoptively transferred into mice and challenged with the cognate antigen. In addition, by generating the conditional knockout mice, we found that DOCK2 expression in B-cell lineage is required to mount antigen-specific IgG antibody. These results highlight important role of the DOCK2–Rac axis in PC differentiation and IgG antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ushijima
- Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nishikimi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sanematsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kamikaseda
- Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiji Sakata
- Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaharu Okada
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Nishikimi A, Koyama YI, Ishihara S, Kobayashi S, Tometsuka C, Kusubata M, Kuwaba K, Hayashida O, Hattori S, Katagiri K. Collagen-derived peptides modulate CD4 + T-cell differentiation and suppress allergic responses in mice. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:245-255. [PMID: 29388365 PMCID: PMC5946155 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collagen peptides have been widely used as a food supplement. After ingestion of collagen peptides, oligopeptides containing hydroxyproline (Hyp), which are known to have some physiological activities, are detected in peripheral blood. However, the effects of collagen-peptide administration on immune response are unclear. In the present study, we tested the effects of collagen-peptide ingestion on allergic response and the effects of collagen-derived oligopeptides on CD4+ T-cell differentiation. METHODS BALB/c mice fed a collagen-peptide diet were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA), and their serum IgE and IgG levels, active cutaneous anaphylaxis, and cytokine secretion by splenocytes were examined. Naive CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of collagen-derived oligopeptides, and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and Foxp3 was analyzed. RESULTS In an active anaphylaxis model, oral administration of collagen peptides suppressed serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and diminished anaphylaxis responses. In this model, the ingestion of collagen peptides skewed the pattern of cytokine production by splenocytes toward T-helper (Th) type 1 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vitro T-helper cell differentiation assays showed that Hyp-containing oligopeptides promoted Th1 differentiation by upregulating IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling. These oligopeptides also promoted the development of Foxp3+ Treg cells in response to antigen stimulation in the presence of TGF-β. CONCLUSIONS Collagen-peptide ingestion suppresses allergic responses by skewing the balance of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Treg cells and seems to be a promising agent for preventing allergies and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Nishikimi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoh-Ichi Koyama
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Animal Reproduction, Kasumigaura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kobayashi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chisa Tometsuka
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Kusubata
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kuwaba
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Osamu Hayashida
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koko Katagiri
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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26
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The AP-1 transcription factor JunB is required for Th17 cell differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17402. [PMID: 29234109 PMCID: PMC5727176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells are crucial for host defense against extracellular microbes and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here we show that the AP-1 transcription factor JunB is required for Th17 cell development. Junb-deficient CD4+ T cells are able to develop in vitro into various helper T subsets except Th17. The RNA-seq transcriptome analysis reveals that JunB is crucial for the Th17-specific gene expression program. Junb-deficient mice are completely resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a Th17-mediated inflammatory disease, and naive T helper cells from such mice fail to differentiate into Th17 cells. JunB appears to activate Th17 signature genes by forming a heterodimer with BATF, another AP-1 factor essential for Th17 differentiation. The mechanism whereby JunB controls Th17 cell development likely involves activation of the genes for the Th17 lineage-specifying orphan receptors RORγt and RORα and reduced expression of Foxp3, a transcription factor known to antagonize RORγt function.
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27
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Ackerknecht M, Gollmer K, Germann P, Ficht X, Abe J, Fukui Y, Swoger J, Ripoll J, Sharpe J, Stein JV. Antigen Availability and DOCK2-Driven Motility Govern CD4+ T Cell Interactions with Dendritic Cells In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:520-530. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Neuronal IFN-beta-induced PI3K/Akt-FoxA1 signalling is essential for generation of FoxA1 +T reg cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14709. [PMID: 28436428 PMCID: PMC5413980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons reprogramme encephalitogenic T cells (Tenc) to regulatory T cells (Tregs), either FoxP3+Tregs or FoxA1+Tregs. We reported previously that neuronal ability to generate FoxA1+Tregs was central to preventing neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mice lacking interferon (IFN)-β were defective in generating FoxA1+Tregs in the brain. Here we show that lack of neuronal IFNβ signalling is associated with the absence of programme death ligand-1 (PDL1), which prevents their ability to reprogramme Tenc cells to FoxA1+Tregs. Passive transfer-EAE via IFNβ-competent Tenc cells to mice lacking IFNβ and active induced-EAE in mice lacking its receptor, IFNAR, in the brain (NesCre:Ifnarfl/fl) result in defective FoxA1+Tregs generation and aggravated neuroinflammation. IFNβ activates neuronal PI3K/Akt signalling and Akt binds to transcription factor FoxA1 that translocates to the nucleus and induces PDL1. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K/Akt, FoxA1 and PDL1 blocked neuronal ability to generate FoxA1+Tregs. We characterize molecular factors central for neuronal ability to reprogramme pathogenic T cells to FoxA1+Tregs preventing neuroinflammation.
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29
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Guo X, Chen SY. Dedicator of Cytokinesis 2 in Cell Signaling Regulation and Disease Development. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1931-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
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30
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Adachi Y, Sakamoto K, Umemoto T, Fukuda Y, Tani A, Asami T. Investigation on cellular uptake and pharmacodynamics of DOCK2-inhibitory peptides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2148-2155. [PMID: 28284862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction between dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is an attractive intracellular target for transplant rejection and inflammatory diseases. Recently, DOCK2-selective inhibitory peptides have been discovered, and conjugation with oligoarginine cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) improved inhibitory activity in a cell migration assay. Although a number of CPPs have been reported, oligoarginine was only one example introduced to the inhibitory peptides. In this study, we aimed to confirm the feasibility of CPP-conjugation approach for DOCK2-inhibitory peptides, and select preferable sequences as CPP moiety. First, we evaluated cell permeability of thirteen known CPPs and partial sequences of influenza A viral protein PB1-F2 using an internalization assay system based on luciferin-luciferase reaction, and then selected four CPPs with efficient cellular uptake. Among four conjugates of these CPPs and a DOCK2-inhibitory peptide, the inhibitory activity of a novel CPP, PB1-F2 fragment 5 (PF5), conjugate was comparable to oligoarginine conjugate and higher than that of the non-conjugated peptide. Finally, internalization assay revealed that oligoarginine and PF5 increased the cellular uptake of inhibitory peptides to the same extent. Hence, we demonstrated that CPP-conjugation approach is applicable to the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs based on DOCK2 inhibition by investigating both cellular uptake and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Adachi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Umemoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Fukuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Taiji Asami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan.
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31
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Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been demonstrated as a key transcription factor of the immune system, playing important roles in modulating inflammatory immune responses in numerous cell types including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. As well as driving the expression of type I interferon in antiviral responses, IRF5 is also crucial for driving macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype by regulating cytokine and chemokine expression and modulating B-cell maturity and antibody production. This review highlights the functional importance of IRF5 in a disease setting, by discussing polymorphic mutations at the human Irf5 locus that lead to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In concordance with this, we also discuss lessons in IRF5 functionality learned from murine in vivo models of autoimmune disease and inflammation and hypothesize that modulation of IRF5 activity and expression could provide potential therapeutic benefits in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley L Eames
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alastair L Corbin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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32
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Herter JM, Grabie N, Cullere X, Azcutia V, Rosetti F, Bennett P, Herter-Sprie GS, Elyaman W, Luscinskas FW, Lichtman AH, Mayadas TN. AKAP9 regulates activation-induced retention of T lymphocytes at sites of inflammation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10182. [PMID: 26680259 PMCID: PMC4703868 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving T cell homing to lymph nodes and migration to tissue are well described but little is known about factors that affect T cell egress from tissues. Here, we generate mice with a T cell-specific deletion of the scaffold protein A kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9) and use models of inflammatory disease to demonstrate that AKAP9 is dispensable for T cell priming and migration into tissues and lymph nodes, but is required for T cell retention in tissues. AKAP9 deficiency results in increased T cell egress to draining lymph nodes, which is associated with impaired T cell re-activation in tissues and protection from organ damage. AKAP9-deficient T cells exhibit reduced microtubule-dependent recycling of TCRs back to the cell surface and this affects antigen-dependent activation, primarily by non-classical antigen-presenting cells. Thus, AKAP9-dependent TCR trafficking drives efficient T cell re-activation and extends their retention at sites of inflammation with implications for disease pathogenesis. A-kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9) is a scaffold protein that binds signalling proteins and regulates microtubules. Here the authors show that during inflammation AKAP9 in T cells is required for their reactivation and retention at the inflammation site and that its deletion protects from inflammation-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Herter
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nir Grabie
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xavier Cullere
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Veronica Azcutia
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Florencia Rosetti
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Paul Bennett
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Grit S Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tanya N Mayadas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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33
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Inhibition of G-Protein βγ Signaling Decreases Levels of Messenger RNAs Encoding Proinflammatory Cytokines in T Cell Receptor-Stimulated CD4(+) T Helper Cells. J Mol Signal 2015; 10:1. [PMID: 27095999 PMCID: PMC4831316 DOI: 10.5334/1750-2187-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inhibition of G-protein βγ (Gβγ) signaling was found previously to enhance T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulated increases in interleukin 2 (IL-2) mRNA in CD4+ T helper cells, suggesting that Gβγ might be a useful drug target for treating autoimmune diseases, as low dose IL-2 therapy can suppress autoimmune responses. Because IL-2 may counteract autoimmunity in part by shifting CD4+ T helper cells away from the Type 1 T helper cell (TH1) and TH17 subtypes towards the TH2 subtype, the purpose of this study was to determine if blocking Gβγ signaling affected the balance of TH1, TH17, and TH2 cytokine mRNAs produced by CD4+ T helper cells. Methods: Gallein, a small molecule inhibitor of Gβγ, and siRNA-mediated silencing of the G-protein β1 subunit (Gβ1) were used to test the effect of blocking Gβγ on mRNA levels of cytokines in primary human TCR-stimulated CD4+ T helper cells. Results: Gallein and Gβ1 siRNA decreased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17A mRNA levels in TCR-stimulated CD4+ T cells grown under TH1-promoting conditions. Inhibiting Gβγ also decreased mRNA levels of STAT4, which plays a positive role in TH1 differentiation and IL-17A production. Moreover, mRNA levels of the STAT4-regulated TH1-associated proteins, IL-18 receptor β chain (IL-18Rβ), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), natural killer cell group 7 sequence (NKG7), and oncostatin M (OSM) were also decreased upon Gβγ inhibition. Gallein also increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 mRNA levels in TCR-stimulated memory CD4+ T cells grown in TH2-promoting conditions. Conclusions: Inhibiting Gβγ to produce these shifts in cytokine mRNA production might be beneficial for patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn’s disease (CD), psoriasis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), in which both IFN-γ and IL-17A are elevated.
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Guo X, Shi N, Cui XB, Wang JN, Fukui Y, Chen SY. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2, a novel regulator for smooth muscle phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. Circ Res 2015; 116:e71-80. [PMID: 25788409 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling contribute to the development of several vascular disorders such as restenosis after angioplasty, transplant vasculopathy, and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms underlying these processes, however, remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the role of dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) in SMC phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced DOCK2 expression while modulating SMC phenotype. DOCK2 deficiency diminishes platelet-derived growth factor-BB or serum-induced downregulation of SMC markers. Conversely, DOCK2 overexpression inhibits SMC marker expression in primary cultured SMC. Mechanistically, DOCK2 inhibits myocardin expression, blocks serum response factor nuclear location, attenuates myocardin binding to serum response factor, and thus attenuates myocardin-induced smooth muscle marker promoter activity. Moreover, DOCK2 and Kruppel-like factor 4 cooperatively inhibit myocardin-serum response factor interaction. In a rat carotid artery balloon-injury model, DOCK2 is induced in media layer SMC initially and neointima SMC subsequently after vascular injury. Knockdown of DOCK2 dramatically inhibits the neointima formation by 60%. Most importantly, knockout of DOCK2 in mice markedly blocks ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identified DOCK2 as a novel regulator for SMC phenotypic modulation and vascular lesion formation after vascular injury. Therefore, targeting DOCK2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of vascular remodeling in proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (X.G., N.S., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (J.-N.W., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.F.)
| | - Ning Shi
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (X.G., N.S., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (J.-N.W., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.F.)
| | - Xiao-Bing Cui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (X.G., N.S., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (J.-N.W., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.F.)
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (X.G., N.S., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (J.-N.W., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (X.G., N.S., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (J.-N.W., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.F.)
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens (X.G., N.S., X.-B.C., S.-Y.C.); Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China (J.-N.W., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.F.).
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Oksanen A, Aittomäki S, Jankovic D, Ortutay Z, Pulkkinen K, Hämäläinen S, Rokka A, Corthals GL, Watford WT, Junttila I, O'Shea JJ, Pesu M. Proprotein convertase FURIN constrains Th2 differentiation and is critical for host resistance against Toxoplasma gondii. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5470-9. [PMID: 25355923 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin enzymes proteolytically convert immature proproteins into bioactive molecules, and thereby they serve as key regulators of cellular homeostasis. The archetype proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin, FURIN, is a direct target gene of the IL-12/STAT4 pathway and it is upregulated in Th1 cells. We have previously demonstrated that FURIN expression in T cells critically regulates the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance and the functional maturation of pro-TGF-β1 in vivo, but FURIN's role in cell-mediated immunity and Th polarization has remained elusive. In this article, we show that T cell-expressed FURIN is essential for host resistance against a prototypic Th1 pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, and for the generation of pathogen-specific Th1 lymphocytes, including Th1-IL-10 cells. FURIN-deficient Th cells instead show elevated expression of IL-4R subunit α on cell surface, sensitized IL-4/STAT6 signaling, and a propensity to polarize toward the Th2 phenotype. By exploring FURIN-interacting proteins in Jurkat T cells with Strep-Tag purification and mass spectrometry, we further identify an association with a cytoskeleton modifying Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate/dedicator of cytokinesis 2 protein complex and unravel that FURIN promotes F-actin polymerization, which has previously been shown to downregulate IL-4R subunit α cell surface expression and promote Th1 responses. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that in addition to peripheral immune tolerance, T cell-expressed FURIN is also a central regulator of cell-mediated immunity and Th1/2 cell balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oksanen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Aittomäki
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zsuzsanna Ortutay
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Pulkkinen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Hämäläinen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Garry L Corthals
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy T Watford
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ilkka Junttila
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33101 Tampere, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland; and
| | - John J O'Shea
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marko Pesu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33101 Tampere, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33101 Tampere, Finland
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Yasuda K, Watkins AA, Kochar GS, Wilson GE, Laskow B, Richez C, Bonegio RG, Rifkin IR. Interferon regulatory factor-5 deficiency ameliorates disease severity in the MRL/lpr mouse model of lupus in the absence of a mutation in DOCK2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103478. [PMID: 25076492 PMCID: PMC4116215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) polymorphisms are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. In mouse lupus models, IRF5-deficiency was shown to reduce disease severity consistent with an important role for IRF5 in disease pathogenesis. However these mouse studies were confounded by the recent demonstration that the IRF5 knockout mouse line contained a loss-of-function mutation in the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) gene. As DOCK2 regulates lymphocyte trafficking and Toll-like receptor signaling, this raised the possibility that some of the protective effects attributed to IRF5 deficiency in the mouse lupus models may instead have been due to DOCK2 deficiency. We have therefore here evaluated the effect of IRF5-deficiency in the MRL/lpr mouse lupus model in the absence of the DOCK2 mutation. We find that IRF5-deficient (IRF5−/−) MRL/lpr mice develop much less severe disease than their IRF5-sufficient (IRF5+/+) littermates. Despite markedly lower serum levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies and reduced total splenocyte and CD4+ T cell numbers, IRF5−/− MRL/lpr mice have similar numbers of all splenic B cell subsets compared to IRF5+/+ MRL/lpr mice, suggesting that IRF5 is not involved in B cell development up to the mature B cell stage. However, IRF5−/− MRL/lpr mice have greatly reduced numbers of spleen plasmablasts and bone marrow plasma cells. Serum levels of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) were markedly elevated in the MRL/lpr mice but no effect of IRF5 on serum BLyS levels was seen. Overall our data demonstrate that IRF5 contributes to disease pathogenesis in the MRL/lpr lupus model and that this is due, at least in part, to the role of IRF5 in plasma cell formation. Our data also suggest that combined therapy targeting both IRF5 and BLyS might be a particularly effective therapeutic approach in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yasuda
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KY); (IRR)
| | - Amanda A. Watkins
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guneet S. Kochar
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabriella E. Wilson
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bari Laskow
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christophe Richez
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramon G. Bonegio
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ian R. Rifkin
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KY); (IRR)
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Li W, Holsinger RMD, Kruse CA, Flügel A, Graeber MB. The potential for genetically altered microglia to influence glioma treatment. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2014; 12:750-62. [PMID: 24047526 DOI: 10.2174/18715273113126660171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse and unstoppable infiltration of brain and spinal cord tissue by neoplastic glial cells is the single most important therapeutic problem posed by the common glioma group of tumors: astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, their malignant variants and glioblastoma. These neoplasms account for more than two thirds of all malignant central nervous system tumors. However, most glioma research focuses on an examination of the tumor cells rather than on host-specific, tumor micro-environmental cells and factors. This can explain why existing diffuse glioma therapies fail and why these tumors have remained incurable. Thus, there is a great need for innovation. We describe a novel strategy for the development of a more effective treatment of diffuse glioma. Our approach centers on gaining control over the behavior of the microglia, the defense cells of the CNS, which are manipulated by malignant glioma and support its growth. Armoring microglia against the influences from glioma is one of our research goals. We further discuss how microglia precursors may be genetically enhanced to track down infiltrating glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Nishikimi A, Kukimoto-Niino M, Yokoyama S, Fukui Y. Immune regulatory functions of DOCK family proteins in health and disease. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2343-9. [PMID: 23911989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DOCK proteins constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family of GTPases. Although DOCK family proteins do not contain the Dbl homology domain typically found in GEFs, they mediate the GTP-GDP exchange reaction through DHR-2 domain. Accumulating evidence indicates that the DOCK proteins act as major GEFs in varied biological settings. For example, DOCK2, which is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells, regulates migration and activation of leukocytes through Rac activation. On the other hand, it was recently reported that mutations of DOCK8, another member of the DOCK family proteins, cause a combined immunodeficiency syndrome in humans. This article reviews the structure, functions and signaling of DOCK2 and DOCK8, especially focusing on their roles in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Nishikimi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of immunological memory formation focusing upon Th2 inflammatory responses in asthma is well supported and reviewed previously. Here, we review data supporting the establishment of a tissue-based signalling memory utilizing examples of in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical reports of sustained extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation in asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Endosomal recycling of receptors contributes to chronic signalling activation, presumably through increased receptor availability. This chronic signalling constitutes a bistable state and the formation of a tissue memory. The transition to chronic asthma is marked by the persistence of low-level disease severity and chronic signalling in the apparent absence of an environmental trigger. SUMMARY System bistability provides a mathematical explanation for a tissue-based memory. We will have to generate quantitative data about the involved biochemical reactions (substrates, products, dissociation constants of the reactions) to utilize this model. Only then will we be able to understand and interfere with a tissue memory-driven disease and curtail the persistence of asthma.
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40
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Wijesundara DK, Tscharke DC, Jackson RJ, Ranasinghe C. Reduced interleukin-4 receptor α expression on CD8+ T cells correlates with higher quality anti-viral immunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55788. [PMID: 23383283 PMCID: PMC3561338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the hope of understanding how interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 modulated quality of anti-viral CD8+ T cells, we evaluated the expression of receptors for these cytokines following a range of viral infections (e.g. pox viruses and influenza virus). Results clearly indicated that unlike other IL-4/IL-13 receptor subunits, IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) was significantly down-regulated on anti-viral CD8+ T cells in a cognate antigen dependent manner. The infection of gene knockout mice and wild-type (WT) mice with vaccinia virus (VV) or VV expressing IL-4 confirmed that IL-4, IL-13 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) were required to increase IL-4Rα expression on CD8+ T cells, but not interferon (IFN)-γ. STAT6 dependent elevation of IL-4Rα expression on CD8+ T cells was a feature of poor quality anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity as measured by the production of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in response to VV antigen stimulation in vitro. We propose that down-regulation of IL-4Rα, but not the other IL-4/IL-13 receptor subunits, is a mechanism by which CD8+ T cells reduce responsiveness to IL-4 and IL-13. This can improve the quality of anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity. Our findings have important implications in understanding anti-viral CD8+ T cell immunity and designing effective vaccines against chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K Wijesundara
- The Molecular Mucosal Vaccine Immunology Group, The Department of Immunology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australia.
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Sanematsu F, Nishikimi A, Watanabe M, Hongu T, Tanaka Y, Kanaho Y, Côté JF, Fukui Y. Phosphatidic acid-dependent recruitment and function of the Rac activator DOCK1 during dorsal ruffle formation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8092-8100. [PMID: 23362269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.410423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases leads to the formation of two different types of plasma membrane structures: peripheral ruffles and dorsal ruffles. Although the formation of both ruffle types requires activation of the small GTPase Rac, the difference in kinetics suggests that a distinct regulatory mechanism operates for their ruffle formation. DOCK1 and DOCK5 are atypical Rac activators and are both expressed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that although PDGF-induced Rac activation and peripheral ruffle formation were coordinately regulated by DOCK1 and DOCK5 in MEFs, DOCK1 deficiency alone impaired dorsal ruffle formation in MEFs. Unlike DOCK5, DOCK1 bound to phosphatidic acid (PA) through the C-terminal polybasic amino acid cluster and was localized to dorsal ruffles. When this interaction was blocked, PDGF-induced dorsal ruffle formation was severely impaired. In addition, we show that phospholipase D, an enzyme that catalyzes PA synthesis, is required for PDGF-induced dorsal, but not peripheral, ruffle formation. These results indicate that the phospholipase D-PA axis selectively controls dorsal ruffle formation by regulating DOCK1 localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sanematsu
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nishikimi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Mayuki Watanabe
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tanaka
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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Yasuda K, Nündel K, Watkins AA, Dhawan T, Bonegio RG, Ubellacker JM, Marshak-Rothstein A, Rifkin IR. Phenotype and function of B cells and dendritic cells from interferon regulatory factor 5-deficient mice with and without a mutation in DOCK2. Int Immunol 2013; 25:295-306. [PMID: 23291967 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5-deficient (IRF5 (-/-) ) mice have been used for many studies of IRF5 biology. A recent report identifies a mutation in dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) as being responsible for the abnormal B-cell development phenotype observed in the IRF5 (-/-) line. Both dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) and IRF5 play important roles in immune cell function, raising the issue of whether immune effects previously associated with IRF5 are due to IRF5 or DOCK2. Here, we defined the insertion end-point of the DOCK2 mutation and designed a novel PCR to detect the mutation in genomic DNA. We confirmed the association of the DOCK2 mutation and the abnormal B-cell phenotype in our IRF5 (-/-) line and also established another IRF5 (-/-) line without the DOCK2 mutation. These two lines were used to compare the role of IRF5 in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells in the presence or absence of the DOCK2 mutation. IRF5 deficiency reduces IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-6 production by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)- and TLR7-stimulated DCs and reduces TLR7- and TLR9-induced IL-6 production by B cells to a similar extent in the two lines. Importantly however, IRF5 (-/-) mice with the DOCK2 mutation have higher serum levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2b, IgG2a/c and IgG3 than IRF5 (-/-) mice without the DOCK2 mutation, suggesting that the DOCK2 mutation confers additional Th2-type effects. Overall, these studies help clarify the function of IRF5 in B cells and DCs in the absence of the DOCK2 mutation. In addition, the PCR described will be useful for other investigators using the IRF5 (-/-) mouse line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yasuda
- Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Tollenaere C, Jacquet S, Ivanova S, Loiseau A, Duplantier JM, Streiff R, Brouat C. Beyond an AFLP genome scan towards the identification of immune genes involved in plague resistance inRattus rattusfrom Madagascar. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:354-67. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Tollenaere
- IRD UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
| | - S. Jacquet
- IRD UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
| | - S. Ivanova
- IRD UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
| | - A. Loiseau
- INRA UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
| | - J.-M. Duplantier
- IRD UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
| | - R. Streiff
- INRA UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
| | - C. Brouat
- IRD UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro); Campus International Baillarguet; CS 30016 34988 Montferrier sur Lez cedex France
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Abstract
The discovery that loss-of-function mutations in the gene DOCK8 are responsible for most forms of autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome and some forms of combined immunodeficiency without elevated serum IgE has led to studies into the immunopathogenesis of this disease. In this review, we relate the clinical features of this disease to studies using patients' cells and a mouse model of Dock8 deficiency, which have revealed how DOCK8 regulates T and B cell numbers and functions. The results of these studies help to explain how the absence of DOCK8 contributes to patients' susceptibility to viral, fungal, and bacterial infections. However, unanswered questions remain regarding how the absence of DOCK8 also leads to high IgE and allergic disease, predisposition for malignancy, and unusual clinical features, such as CNS abnormalities and autoimmunity, observed in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1546, USA
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Structural basis for mutual relief of the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2 and its partner ELMO1 from their autoinhibited forms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3305-10. [PMID: 22331897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113512109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DOCK2, a hematopoietic cell-specific, atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factor, controls lymphocyte migration through ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac) activation. Dedicator of cytokinesis 2-engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (DOCK2•ELMO1) complex formation is required for DOCK2-mediated Rac signaling. In this study, we identified the N-terminal 177-residue fragment and the C-terminal 196-residue fragment of human DOCK2 and ELMO1, respectively, as the mutual binding regions, and solved the crystal structure of their complex at 2.1-Å resolution. The C-terminal Pro-rich tail of ELMO1 winds around the Src-homology 3 domain of DOCK2, and an intermolecular five-helix bundle is formed. Overall, the entire regions of both DOCK2 and ELMO1 assemble to create a rigid structure, which is required for the DOCK2•ELMO1 binding, as revealed by mutagenesis. Intriguingly, the DOCK2•ELMO1 interface hydrophobically buries a residue which, when mutated, reportedly relieves DOCK180 from autoinhibition. We demonstrated that the ELMO-interacting region and the DOCK-homology region 2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain of DOCK2 associate with each other for the autoinhibition, and that the assembly with ELMO1 weakens the interaction, relieving DOCK2 from the autoinhibition. The interactions between the N- and C-terminal regions of ELMO1 reportedly cause its autoinhibition, and binding with a DOCK protein relieves the autoinhibition for ras homolog gene family, member G binding and membrane localization. In fact, the DOCK2•ELMO1 interface also buries the ELMO1 residues required for the autoinhibition within the hydrophobic core of the helix bundle. Therefore, the present complex structure reveals the structural basis by which DOCK2 and ELMO1 mutually relieve their autoinhibition for the activation of Rac1 for lymphocyte chemotaxis.
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Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Stathmin: a protein with many tasks. New biomarker and potential target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1249-66. [PMID: 21978024 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.620951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stathmin is a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, firstly identified as the downstream target of many signal transduction pathways. Several studies then indicated that stathmin is overexpressed in many types of human malignancies, thus deserving the name of Oncoprotein 18 (Op18). At molecular level, stathmin depolymerizes microtubules by either sequestering free tubulin dimers or directly inducing microtubule-catastrophe. A crucial role for stathmin in the control of mitosis has been proposed, since both its overexpression and its downregulation induce failure in the correct completion of cell division. Accordingly, stathmin is an important target of the main regulator of M phase, cyclin-dependent kinase 1. AREAS COVERED Recent evidences support a role for stathmin in the regulation of cell growth and motility, both in vitro and in vivo, and indicate its involvement in advanced, invasive and metastatic cancer more than in primary tumors. EXPERT OPINION Many studies suggest that high stathmin expression levels in cancer negatively influence the response to microtubule-targeting drugs. These notions together with the fact that stathmin is expressed at very low levels in most adult tissues strongly support the use of stathmin as marker of prognosis and as target for novel anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Belletti
- National Cancer Institute, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe a new combined primary immunodeficiency disease, previously known as autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome, whose molecular basis was discovered in 2009. RECENT FINDINGS Two groups identified homozygous and compound heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) gene in at least 30 patients who had been previously diagnosed with an atypical form of hyper-IgE syndrome. Absence of DOCK8 expression impairs T cell expansion in vitro, which could help explain the T cell lymphopenia and susceptibility to cutaneous viral infections observed in these patients. In mouse models of DOCK8 deficiency, absence of DOCK8 expression also impairs the generation of a durable secondary antibody response to specific antigens, which could account for the functional antibody abnormalities and recurrent sinopulmonary infections observed in the patients. Two patients have been cured of infectious complications after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. SUMMARY The discovery of the molecular basis of this disease is expected to facilitate diagnosis and definitive treatment with hematopoietic cell transplantation. Further research is needed to understand how DOCK8 normally functions in lymphocytes and how DOCK8 deficiency leads to disease.
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Kiyokawa E, Aoki K, Nakamura T, Matsuda M. Spatiotemporal regulation of small GTPases as revealed by probes based on the principle of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET): Implications for signaling and pharmacology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 51:337-58. [PMID: 20936947 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight ("small") GTPases are key regulators of a number of signaling cascades. Each GTPase is regulated by numerous guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and each GTPase binds to numerous effector proteins in a GTP-dependent manner. In many instances, individual regulators activate more than one GTPase, and each effector binds to one or more GTPases belonging to the same family. To untangle these complex networks, probes based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) are widely used. Here, we provide an overview of the probes based on FRET and examples of discoveries achieved with them. In the process, we attempt to delineate the merits, current limitations, and future applications of this technique to pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Kiyokawa
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Kyoto University, Japan
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Boselli D, Ragimbeau J, Orlando L, Cappello P, Capello M, Ambrogio C, Chiarle R, Marsili G, Battistini A, Giovarelli M, Pellegrini S, Novelli F. Expression of IFNγR2 mutated in a dileucine internalization motif reinstates IFNγ signaling and apoptosis in human T lymphocytes. Immunol Lett 2010; 134:17-25. [PMID: 20709103 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In T lymphocytes, the internalization of the R2 chain of the IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR2) prevents the switching-on of pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative genes induced by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway. In fibroblasts, a critical role of controlling the IFN-γR2 internalization is played by the LI(255-256) intracellular motif. Here we show that, in human malignant T cells, the expression of a mutated IFN-γR2 chain in which the LI(255-256) internalization motif is replaced by two alanines (LI(255-256)AA) induces cell surface accumulation of the receptor and reinstates the cell sensitivity to IFN-γ. In comparison with T cells that expressed wild-type IFN-γR2, cells that expressed the mutated receptor displayed, in response to IFN-γ a sustained activation of STAT1. The activation of this signaling pathway leads to higher induction of MHC class I and FasL expression and triggered apoptosis. Malignant ST4 cells transduced with either wild-type or mutated receptor were able to grow in SCID mice, but only the proliferation of T cells expressing the mutated receptor was inhibited by IFN-γ. Finally, lentiviral-mediated transduction of the mutated receptor in T lymphoblasts from healthy donors reinstated their IFN-γ-dependent apoptosis. As a whole, these data indicate that perturbation of IFN-γR2 internalization by mutating the LI(255-256) motif induces a timely coordinated activation of IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathways that leads to the apoptosis of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boselli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Yuan L, Wu L, Chen J, Wu Q, Hu S. Paclitaxel acts as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice. Vaccine 2010; 28:4402-10. [PMID: 20434553 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a diterpenoid isolated from the bark of the Taxus cuspidate cv. Nana, was evaluated for its adjuvant effect on the immune responses in a mouse model. Fifty-six mice were randomly distributed into seven groups with 8 mice in each. Animals were subcutaneously immunized on days 1 and 21 with 100microg of paclitaxel, 10microg of ovalbumin (OVA), OVA with paclitaxel (50, 100 or 200microg) or with aluminum hydroxide (alum). Two weeks after the primary and boost immunizations, blood samples were collected for measurement of serum antibodies. Splenocytes were separated for detection of lymphocyte proliferation in responses to concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and OVA, and mRNA expression of Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-5) and transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 (Th1/Th2 switcher). Results showed that coadministration of OVA with paclitaxel induced significantly higher IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 and IgM responses than when OVA was used alone. In addition, up-regulated T-bet/GATA-3 together with significantly increased mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and IL-12 by splenocytes, as well as the proliferative responses of splenocytes to Con A, LPS and OVA were observed in paclitaxel-adjuvanted groups. Incubation of a murine macrophage-like cell line with paclitaxel significantly increased TNF-alpha and -10 released from the cells and expression of microRNAs such as miR-155, miR-147, miR-146a and miR-132. Therefore, paclitaxel activated both Th1 and Th2 responses. Considering its unique adjuvant effect demonstrated in this study and a safe record clinically used as an antineoplastic agent, paclitaxel could be an ideal adjuvant candidate when mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
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