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Patel MM, Gerakopoulos V, Petsouki E, Zimmerman KA, Tsiokas L. Nephronophthisis-associated FBW7 mediates cyst-dependent decline of renal function in ADPKD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582788. [PMID: 38464230 PMCID: PMC10925305 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and autosomal dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) are two genetically distinct forms of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), yet both diseases present with kidney cysts and a gradual decline in renal function. Prevailing dogma in PKD is that changes in kidney architecture account for the decline in kidney function, but the molecular/cellular basis of such coupling is unknown. To address this question, we induced a form of proteome reprogramming by deleting Fbxw7 encoding FBW7, the recognition receptor of the SCF FBW7 E3 ubiquitin ligase in different segments of the kidney tubular system. Deletion of Fbxw7 in the medulla led to a juvenile-adult NPHP-like phenotype, where the decline in renal function was due to SOX9-mediated interstitial fibrosis rather than cystogenesis. In contrast, the decline of renal function in ADPKD is coupled to cystic expansion via the abnormal accumulation of FBW7 in the proximal tubules and other cell types in the renal cortex. We propose that FBW7 functions at the apex of a protein network that determines renal function in ADPKD by sensing architectural changes induced by cystic expansion.
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Yousef Yengej FA, Pou Casellas C, Ammerlaan CME, Olde Hanhof CJA, Dilmen E, Beumer J, Begthel H, Meeder EMG, Hoenderop JG, Rookmaaker MB, Verhaar MC, Clevers H. Tubuloid differentiation to model the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113614. [PMID: 38159278 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho)physiology. Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The progenitor state of expanding tubuloids comes at the expense of differentiation. Here, we differentiate tubuloids to model the distal nephron and collecting ducts, essential functional parts of the kidney. Differentiation suppresses progenitor traits and upregulates genes required for function. A single-cell atlas reveals that differentiation predominantly generates thick ascending limb and principal cells. Differentiated human tubuloids express luminal NKCC2 and ENaC capable of diuretic-inhibitable electrolyte uptake and enable disease modeling as demonstrated by a lithium-induced tubulopathy model. Lithium causes hallmark AQP2 loss, induces proliferation, and upregulates inflammatory mediators, as seen in vivo. Lithium also suppresses electrolyte transport in multiple segments. In conclusion, this tubuloid model enables modeling of the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease and provides opportunities to develop improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor A Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carola M E Ammerlaan
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J A Olde Hanhof
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emre Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Human Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elise M G Meeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Awadalla A, Hamam ET, Mostafa SA, Mahmoud SA, Elazab KM, El Nakib AM, Eldesoqui M, El-Sherbiny M, Ammar OA, Al-Serwi RH, Saleh MA, Sarhan A, Ali M. Hepatoprotective Effects of Hyaluronic Acid-Preconditioned Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Liver Toxicity via the Inhibition of Apoptosis and the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Cells 2023; 12:1526. [PMID: 37296647 PMCID: PMC10252276 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used to treat a variety of malignancies in both adults and children, including those of the bladder, breast, stomach, and ovaries. Despite this, it has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. The recent discovery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells' (BMSCs) therapeutic effects in the context of liver diseases suggests that their administration plays a part in the mitigation and rehabilitation of drug-induced toxicities. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether bone BMSCs could reduce DOX-induced liver damage by blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway that causes fibrotic liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS BMSCs were isolated and treated with hyaluronic acid (HA) for 14 days before injection. Thirty-five mature male SD rats were categorized into four groups; group one (control) rats were supplemented with saline 0.9% for 28 days, group two (DOX) rats were injected with DOX (20 mg/kg), group three (DOX + BMSCs) rats were injected with 2 × 106 BMSCs after 4 days of DOX injection, group four (DOX + BMSCs + HA) rats were injected with 0.1 mL BMSCs pretreated with HA after 4 days of DOX. After 28 days the rats were sacrificed, and blood and liver tissue samples were subjected to biochemical and molecular analysis. Morphological and immunohistochemical observations were also carried out. RESULTS In terms of liver function and antioxidant findings, cells treated with HA showed considerable improvement compared to the DOX group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of inflammatory markers (TGFβ1, iNos), apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl2), cell tracking markers (SDF1α), fibrotic markers (β-catenin, Wnt7b, FN1, VEGF, and Col-1), and ROS markers (Nrf2, HO-1) was improved in BMSCs conditioned with HA in contrast to BMSCs alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings proved that BMSCs treated with HA exert their paracrine therapeutic effects via their secretome, suggesting that cell-based regenerative therapies conditioned with HA may be a viable alternative to reduce hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Awadalla
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman T. Hamam
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sally Abdallah Mostafa
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Seham Ahmed Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Khalid Mohamed Elazab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed El Nakib
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Eldesoqui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A. Ammar
- Basic Science Department, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourahbint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Sarhan
- Center of Excellence for Genome and Cancer Research, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Devlin L, Dhondurao Sudhindar P, Sayer JA. Renal ciliopathies: promising drug targets and prospects for clinical trials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:325-346. [PMID: 37243567 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2218616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ciliopathies represent a collection of genetic disorders characterized by deficiencies in the biogenesis, maintenance, or functioning of the ciliary complex. These disorders, which encompass autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), and nephronophthisis (NPHP), typically result in cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and a gradual deterioration of kidney function, culminating in kidney failure. AREAS COVERED Here we review the advances in basic science and clinical research into renal ciliopathies which have yielded promising small compounds and drug targets, within both preclinical studies and clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Tolvaptan is currently the sole approved treatment option available for ADPKD patients, while no approved treatment alternatives exist for ARPKD or NPHP patients. Clinical trials are presently underway to evaluate additional medications in ADPKD and ARPKD patients. Based on preclinical models, other potential therapeutic targets for ADPKD, ARPKD, and NPHP look promising. These include molecules targeting fluid transport, cellular metabolism, ciliary signaling and cell-cycle regulation. There is a real and urgent clinical need for translational research to bring novel treatments to clinical use for all forms of renal ciliopathies to reduce kidney disease progression and prevent kidney failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Devlin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Praveen Dhondurao Sudhindar
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Tubuloid culture enables long-term expansion of functional human kidney tubule epithelium from iPSC-derived organoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216836120. [PMID: 36724260 PMCID: PMC9963523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216836120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have proven valuable for studies of kidney development, disease, and therapeutic screening. However, specific applications have been hampered by limited expansion capacity, immaturity, off-target cells, and inability to access the apical side. Here, we apply recently developed tubuloid protocols to purify and propagate kidney epithelium from d7+18 (post nephrogenesis) iPSC-derived organoids. The resulting 'iPSC organoid-derived (iPSCod)' tubuloids can be exponentially expanded for at least 2.5 mo, while retaining expression of important tubular transporters and segment-specific markers. This approach allows for selective propagation of the mature tubular epithelium, as immature cells, stroma, and undesirable off-target cells rapidly disappeared. iPSCod tubuloids provide easy apical access, which enabled functional evaluation and demonstration of essential secretion and electrolyte reabsorption processes. In conclusion, iPSCod tubuloids provide a different, complementary human kidney model that unlocks opportunities for functional characterization, disease modeling, and regenerative nephrology.
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Zhang K, Da Silva F, Seidl C, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Herbst J, Huttner WB, Niehrs C. Primary cilia are WNT-transducing organelles whose biogenesis is controlled by a WNT-PP1 axis. Dev Cell 2023; 58:139-154.e8. [PMID: 36693320 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
WNT signaling is important in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease. WNT ligands typically signal via receptor activation across the plasma membrane to induce β-catenin-dependent gene activation. Here, we show that in mammalian primary cilia, WNT receptors relay a WNT/GSK3 signal that β-catenin-independently promotes ciliogenesis. Characterization of a LRP6 ciliary targeting sequence and monitoring of acute WNT co-receptor activation (phospho-LRP6) support this conclusion. Ciliary WNT signaling inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, a negative regulator of ciliogenesis, by preventing GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of the PP1 regulatory inhibitor subunit PPP1R2. Concordantly, deficiency of WNT/GSK3 signaling by depletion of cyclin Y and cyclin-Y-like protein 1 induces primary cilia defects in mouse embryonic neuronal precursors, kidney proximal tubules, and adult mice preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Zhang
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Herbst
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraβe 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Yu Y, Mo H, Zhuo H, Yu C, Liu Y. High Fat Diet Induces Kidney Injury via Stimulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:851618. [PMID: 35462998 PMCID: PMC9021428 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.851618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet could cause kidney injury, and the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Wnt signaling in this process. Mice were fed with high-fat diet in vivo, and podocytes were stimulated with palmitate in vitro. In mice fed with high-fat diet, renal function was impaired, accompanied by induction of various proinflammatory cytokines and proteinuria. Renal expression of Wnt ligands was also significantly induced, with Wnt1 and Wnt3a being the most pronounced, in high-fat diet mice, compared with normal diet controls. Intervention with ICG-001, a small molecule Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, improved renal function, inhibited proinflammatory cytokines expression, reduced proteinuria and alleviated podocyte injury. In palmitate-treated podocytes, intracellular lipid deposition was increased, Wnt1 and Wnt3a expression was up-regulated, which was accompanied by an increased proinflammatory cytokines expression and podocyte injury. These lesions caused by palmitate were largely alleviated by ICG-001. Furthermore, ICG-001 also restored the expression of phosphorylated AMPK repressed by palmitate in podocytes or a high-fat diet in mice. These studies suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of high-fat diet-induced kidney injury. Targeting this signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating obesity-related nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Mo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hui Zhuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Yu
| | - Youhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Youhua Liu
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Szymanska K, Boldt K, Logan CV, Adams M, Robinson PA, Ueffing M, Zeqiraj E, Wheway G, Johnson CA. Regulation of canonical Wnt signalling by the ciliopathy protein MKS1 and the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2E1. eLife 2022; 11:57593. [PMID: 35170427 PMCID: PMC8880992 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary defects cause a group of developmental conditions known as ciliopathies. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into ciliary ubiquitin processing in cells and for mouse model lacking the ciliary protein Mks1. In vivo loss of Mks1 sensitises cells to proteasomal disruption, leading to abnormal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. We identified UBE2E1, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that polyubiquitinates β-catenin, and RNF34, an E3 ligase, as novel interactants of MKS1. UBE2E1 and MKS1 colocalised, and loss of UBE2E1 recapitulates the ciliary and Wnt signalling phenotypes observed during loss of MKS1. Levels of UBE2E1 and MKS1 are co-dependent and UBE2E1 mediates both regulatory and degradative ubiquitination of MKS1. We demonstrate that processing of phosphorylated β-catenin occurs at the ciliary base through the functional interaction between UBE2E1 and MKS1. These observations suggest that correct β-catenin levels are tightly regulated at the primary cilium by a ciliary-specific E2 (UBE2E1) and a regulatory substrate-adaptor (MKS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthew Adams
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Bai Y, Wei C, Li P, Sun X, Cai G, Chen X, Hong Q. Primary cilium in kidney development, function and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:952055. [PMID: 36072924 PMCID: PMC9441790 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.952055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like, microtubule-based organelle that is covered by the cell membrane and extends from the surface of most vertebrate cells. It detects and translates extracellular signals to direct various cellular signaling pathways to maintain homeostasis. It is mainly distributed in the proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney. Specific signaling transduction proteins localize to primary cilia. Defects in cilia structure and function lead to a class of diseases termed ciliopathies. The proper functioning of primary cilia is essential to kidney organogenesis and the maintenance of epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. Persistent cilia dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as cystogenesis and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). In this review, we focus on the central role of cilia in kidney development and illustrate how defects in cilia are associated with renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Bai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangmei Chen, ; Quan Hong,
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10
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Agborbesong E, Zhou JX, Li LX, Calvet JP, Li X. Antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 5 regulates cyst growth and ciliogenesis via modulating Plk1 stability. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22089. [PMID: 34888938 PMCID: PMC9060392 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101270rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is emerging as a contributing factor to the homeostasis in cystic diseases. However, the role antioxidant enzymes play in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remains elusive. Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of H2 O2 and alkyl hydroperoxide and plays an important role in different biological processes. In this study, we show that Prdx5 is downregulated in a PKD mutant mouse model and ADPKD patient kidneys. Knockdown of Prdx5 resulted in the formation of cysts in a three-dimensional mouse inner medullar collecting duct (IMCD) cell Matrigel culture system. The mechanisms of Prdx5 deficiency mediated cyst growth include: (1) induction of oxidative stress as indicated by increased mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1, an oxidant stress marker; (2) activation of Erk, S6 and mTORC1, which contribute to cystic renal epithelial cell proliferation and cyst growth; (3) abnormal centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation which result in genome instability; (4) upregulation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and Aurora kinase A, important mitotic kinases involved in cell proliferation and ciliogenesis; (5) impaired formation of primary cilia in mouse IMCD3 and retinal pigment epithelial cells, which could be rescued by inhibiting Plk1 activity; and (6) restraining the effect of Wnt3a and Wnt5a ligands on primary cilia in mouse IMCD3 cells, while regulating the activity of the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling in a separate cilia independent mechanism, respectively. Importantly, we found that targeting Plk1 with its inhibitor, volasertib, delayed cyst growth in Pkd1 conditional knockout mouse kidneys. Together, these findings indicate that Prdx5 is an important antioxidant that regulates cyst growth via diverse mechanisms, in particular, the Prdx5-Plk1 axis, and that induction and activation of Prdx5, alone or together with inhibition of Plk1, represent a promising strategy for combatting ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Julie Xia Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Linda Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - James P. Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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11
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Pavlovic O, Hudolin T, Miskulin I, Bulimbasic S, Coric M, Perkovic J, Zekulic T. Immunohistochemical Expression of Wnt-4 Protein in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245795. [PMID: 34945091 PMCID: PMC8705518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless binding integration site proteins (Wnt) have an important role in normal kidney development and in various kidney diseases. They are required for complete epithelial differentiation and normal nephron formation. Changes in these proteins could also have important role in carcinogenesis. This study included 185 patients with clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) in whom immunohistochemical expression of Wnt-4 protein in healthy and tumorous tissue after surgery was investigated. There was higher expression of Wnt-4 in healthy than in tumor tissue. No difference between Fuhrman’s grade and Wnt-4 expression was found. A poor negative correlation between tumor size and Wnt-4 expression was found. Patients with suspected metastatic diseases had higher Wnt-4 expression. There was no difference in survival rates between Wnt-4 negative and positive groups. In our study we have shown that high Wnt-4 expression in healthy tissue decreases in low-grade tumors but then increases in high-grade tumors, suggesting that tumor progression requires Wnt-4 activation or reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pavlovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (O.P.); (J.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Urology, Orthopedics and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Hudolin
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Zagreb School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Miskulin
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Stela Bulimbasic
- Zagreb School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Coric
- Zagreb School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Perkovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (O.P.); (J.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Urology, Orthopedics and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Toni Zekulic
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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12
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Stein MC, Braun F, Krebs CF, Bunders MJ. Kidney organoid systems for studies of immune-mediated kidney diseases: challenges and opportunities. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:457-473. [PMID: 34309728 PMCID: PMC8310776 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in the global population. Many nephropathies are considered to be immune-mediated with dysregulated immune responses playing an important role in the pathogenesis. At present, targeted approaches for many kidney diseases are still lacking, as the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. With the recent development of organoids—a three-dimensional, multicellular culture system, which recapitulates important aspects of human tissues—new opportunities to investigate interactions between renal cells and immune cells in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases arise. To date, kidney organoid systems, which reflect the structure and closer resemble critical aspects of the organ, have been established. Here, we highlight the recent advances in the development of kidney organoid models, including pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids and primary epithelial cell-based tubuloids. The employment and further required advances of current organoid models are discussed to investigate the role of the immune system in renal tissue development, regeneration, and inflammation to identify targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches of immune-mediated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Stein
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz-Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Li Z, Zhang M, Teuscher KB, Ji H. Discovery of 1-Benzoyl 4-Phenoxypiperidines as Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11195-11218. [PMID: 34270257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based design and optimization were performed to develop small-molecule β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) inhibitors and improve their inhibitory activities. Compound ZL3138 with a novel 1-benzoyl 4-phenoxypiperidine scaffold was discovered to disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction (PPI) with a Ki of 0.96 μM in AlphaScreen competitive inhibition assays and displayed good selectivity for β-catenin/BCL9 over β-catenin/E-cadherin PPIs. The binding mode of new inhibitors was characterized by structure-activity relationship and site-directed mutagenesis studies. Protein pull-down assays indicate that this series of compounds directly binds with β-catenin. Cellular target engagement and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that ZL3138 binds with β-catenin and disrupts the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction in living cells. Further cell-based studies show that ZL3138 selectively suppresses transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, regulates transcription and expression of Wnt target genes, and inhibits the growth of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Li
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Kevin B Teuscher
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
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14
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Zhang Q, Hu Q, Wang J, Miao Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wan B, Allen EG, Sun M, Jin P, Xu X. Stress modulates Ahi1-dependent nuclear localization of Ten-Eleven Translocation Protein 2. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2149-2160. [PMID: 34218273 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. Recent evidence supports that environmental stress affects gene expression and promotes the pathological process of depression through epigenetic mechanisms. Three Ten-Eleven Translocation (Tet) enzymes are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that promote 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification of genes. Here, we show that the loss of Tet2 can induce depression-like phenotypes in mice. Paradoxically, using the paradigms of chronic stress, such as chronic mild stress (CMS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), we found that depressive behaviors were associated with increased Tet2 expression but decreased global 5hmC level in hippocampus. We examined the genome-wide 5hmC profile in the hippocampus of Tet2 knockout mice and identified 651 dynamically hydroxymethylated regions, some of which overlapped with known depression-associated loci. We further showed that chronic stress could induce the abnormal nuclear translocation of Tet2 protein from cytosol. Through Tet2 immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analyses, we identified a cellular trafficking protein, Abelson helper integration site-1 (Ahi1), which could interact with Tet2 protein. Ahi1 knockout or knockdown caused the accumulation of Tet2 in cytosol. The reduction of Ahi1 protein under chronic stress explained the abnormal Ahi1-dependent nuclear translocation of Tet2. These findings together provide the evidence for a critical role of modulating Tet2 nuclear translocation in regulating stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Qicheng Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Emily G Allen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- The Institute of Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Departments of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Stokman MF, Saunier S, Benmerah A. Renal Ciliopathies: Sorting Out Therapeutic Approaches for Nephronophthisis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653138. [PMID: 34055783 PMCID: PMC8155538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy and a major cause of end-stage renal disease in children. The main forms, juvenile and adult NPH, are characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis whereas the infantile form is more severe and characterized by cysts. NPH is caused by mutations in over 20 different genes, most of which encode components of the primary cilium, an organelle in which important cellular signaling pathways converge. Ciliary signal transduction plays a critical role in kidney development and tissue homeostasis, and disruption of ciliary signaling has been associated with cyst formation, epithelial cell dedifferentiation and kidney function decline. Drugs have been identified that target specific signaling pathways (for example cAMP/PKA, Hedgehog, and mTOR pathways) and rescue NPH phenotypes in in vitro and/or in vivo models. Despite identification of numerous candidate drugs in rodent models, there has been a lack of clinical trials and there is currently no therapy that halts disease progression in NPH patients. This review covers the most important findings of therapeutic approaches in NPH model systems to date, including hypothesis-driven therapies and untargeted drug screens, approached from the pathophysiology of NPH. Importantly, most animal models used in these studies represent the cystic infantile form of NPH, which is less prevalent than the juvenile form. It appears therefore important to develop new models relevant for juvenile/adult NPH. Alternative non-orthologous animal models and developments in patient-based in vitro model systems are discussed, as well as future directions in personalized therapy for NPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
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16
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Zhu P, Qiu Q, Harris PC, Xu X, Lin X. mtor Haploinsufficiency Ameliorates Renal Cysts and Cilia Abnormality in Adult Zebrafish tmem67 Mutants. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:822-836. [PMID: 33574160 PMCID: PMC8017545 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although zebrafish embryos have been used to study ciliogenesis and model polycystic kidney disease (PKD), adult zebrafish remain unexplored. METHODS Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) technology was used to generate mutant for tmem67, the homolog of the mammalian causative gene for Meckel syndrome type 3 (MKS3). Classic 2D and optical-clearing 3D imaging of an isolated adult zebrafish kidney were used to examine cystic and ciliary phenotypes. A hypomorphic mtor strain or rapamycin was used to inhibit mTOR activity. RESULTS Adult tmem67 zebrafish developed progressive mesonephric cysts that share conserved features of mammalian cystogenesis, including a switch of cyst origin with age and an increase in proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells. The mutants had shorter and fewer distal single cilia and greater numbers of multiciliated cells (MCCs). Absence of a single cilium preceded cystogenesis, and expansion of MCCs occurred after pronephric cyst formation and was inversely correlated with the severity of renal cysts in young adult zebrafish, suggesting a primary defect and an adaptive action, respectively. Finally, the mutants exhibited hyperactive mTOR signaling. mTOR inhibition ameliorated renal cysts in both the embryonic and adult zebrafish models; however, it only rescued ciliary abnormalities in the adult mutants. CONCLUSIONS Adult zebrafish tmem67 mutants offer a new vertebrate model for renal cystic diseases, in which cilia morphology can be analyzed at a single-nephron resolution and mTOR inhibition proves to be a candidate therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter C. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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The novel testicular enrichment protein Cfap58 is required for Notch-associated ciliogenesis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221781. [PMID: 31904090 PMCID: PMC6970087 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella are critical organelles with conserved internal structures and diverse developmental and physiological processes according to cell type. Although the core components of structures are shared with thousands of associated proteins involved in cilia or flagella formation, we hypothesized that some unknown proteins, such as outer dense fiber 2 (Odf2/Cenexin) perform distinct functions in these organelles. In the present study, we identified several uncharacterized proteins through mass spectrometry interactome analysis of Odf2/Cenexin proteins. We further examined the expression patterns and functions of a protein named cilia and flagella associated protein 58 (Cfap58) in cultured astrocytes and sperm flagella. The results of a combination of biochemical analyses and drug administration studies reveal that Cfap58 is a testis-enrichment protein that exhibits similar localization to Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is required for the elongation of the primary cilium and sperm midpiece via modulation of the Notch signaling pathway. However, the cell cycle-related functions and localization of Odf2/Cenexin in the mother centriole were not altered in Cfap58 knockdown cells. These findings indicate that Cfap58 may be partially recruited by Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is indispensable for the cilia and flagellar assembly. These data provide us with a better understanding of ciliogenesis and flagellar elongation and may aid in identifying new targets for diseases caused by Notch-mediated ciliopathies and flagellar abnormalities.
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18
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Santoni M, Piva F, Cimadamore A, Giulietti M, Battelli N, Montironi R, Cosmai L, Porta C. Exploring the Spectrum of Kidney Ciliopathies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1099. [PMID: 33339422 PMCID: PMC7766105 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of multi-organ diseases caused by the disruption of the primary cilium. This event leads to a variety of kidney disorders, including nephronophthisis, renal cystic dysplasia, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Primary cilium contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle and protein homeostasis, that is, the balance between protein synthesis and degradation by acting on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and mTOR signaling. Many proteins are involved in renal ciliopathies. In particular, fibrocystin (PKHD1) is involved in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), while polycystin-1 (PKD1) and polycystin-2 (PKD2) are implicated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Moreover, primary cilia are associated with essential signaling pathways, such as Hedgehog, Wnt, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF). In this review, we focused on the ciliopathies associated with kidney diseases, exploring genes and signaling pathways associated with primary cilium and the potential role of cilia as therapeutic targets in renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Laura Cosmai
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 20121 Milan, Italy;
| | - Camillo Porta
- Chair of Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari ‘A. Moro’, 70121 Bari, Italy;
- Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.U. ConsorzialePoliclinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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19
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Cyst Reduction by Melatonin in a Novel Drosophila Model of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225477. [PMID: 33238462 PMCID: PMC7700119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) causes progressive cystic degeneration of the renal tubules, the nephrons, eventually severely compromising kidney function. ADPKD is incurable, with half of the patients eventually needing renal replacement. Treatments for ADPKD patients are limited and new effective therapeutics are needed. Melatonin, a central metabolic regulator conserved across all life kingdoms, exhibits oncostatic and oncoprotective activity and no detected toxicity. Here, we used the Bicaudal C (BicC) Drosophila model of polycystic kidney disease to test the cyst-reducing potential of melatonin. Significant cyst reduction was found in the renal (Malpighian) tubules upon melatonin administration and suggest mechanistic sophistication. Similar to vertebrate PKD, the BicC fly PKD model responds to the antiproliferative drugs rapamycin and mimics of the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac). Melatonin appears to be a new cyst-reducing molecule with attractive properties as a potential candidate for PKD treatment.
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Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic renal disease, primarily caused by germline mutation of PKD1 or PKD2, leading to end-stage renal disease. There are few cures for ADPKD, although many researchers are trying to find a cure. The Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ growth and cell proliferation. Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a Hippo signaling effector. In this study, we demonstrated that the PKD1–TAZ–Wnt–β-catenin–c-MYC signaling axis plays a critical role in cystogenesis. Endo IWR1 treatment, which inhibited β-catenin activity via AXIN stabilization, reduced cyst growth in an ADPKD model. Our findings provide a potential therapeutic target against ADPKD and would be important for clinical translation. Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic renal disease, primarily caused by germline mutation of PKD1 or PKD2, leading to end-stage renal disease. The Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ growth and cell proliferation. Herein, we demonstrate the regulatory mechanism of cystogenesis in ADPKD by transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), a Hippo signaling effector. TAZ was highly expressed around the renal cyst-lining epithelial cells of Pkd1-deficient mice. Loss of Taz in Pkd1-deficient mice reduced cyst formation. In wild type, TAZ interacted with PKD1, which inactivated β-catenin. In contrast, in PKD1-deficient cells, TAZ interacted with AXIN1, thus increasing β-catenin activity. Interaction of TAZ with AXIN1 in PKD1-deficient cells resulted in nuclear accumulation of TAZ together with β-catenin, which up-regulated c-MYC expression. Our findings suggest that the PKD1–TAZ–Wnt–β-catenin–c-MYC signaling axis plays a critical role in cystogenesis and might be a potential therapeutic target against ADPKD.
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21
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Vriend J, Rastegar M. Ubiquitin ligases and medulloblastoma: genetic markers of the four consensus subgroups identified through transcriptome datasets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165839. [PMID: 32445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system regulates key cellular processes in normal and in cancer cells. Herein, we review published data on the role of ubiquitin ligases in the four major subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB). While conventional literature serves as an initial source of information on cellular pathways in MB, large publicly available datasets of gene expression can be used to add information not previously identified in the literature. By analysing the publicly available Cavalli dataset, we show that increased expression of ZNRF3 characterizes the WNT subgroup of MB. The ZNRF3 gene codes for an E3 ligase associated with WNT receptors. Loss of a copy of chromosome 6 in a subtype of the WNT group was associated with decreased expression of the gene encoding the E3 ligase RNF146. While the E3 ligase SMURF regulates SHH receptors, increased expression of the gene encoding the Cullin Ring E3 adaptor PPP2R2C was statistically a better genetic marker of the SHH group. Genes whose expression was statistically strongly related to Group 3 included the E3 ligase gene TRIM58, and the gene for the E3 ligase adaptor, PPP2R2B. Group 4 MB was associated with expression of genes encoding several E3 ligases and E3 ligase adaptors involved in ribosome biogenesis. Increased expression of the genes encoding the E3 ligase adaptors and transcription repressors ZBTB18 and ZBTB38 were also noted in subgroup 4. These data suggest that several E3 ligases and their adaptors should be investigated as therapeutic targets for subgroup specific MB brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Mojgan Rastegar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Program, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
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WNT-β-catenin signalling - a versatile player in kidney injury and repair. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:172-184. [PMID: 32989282 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The WNT-β-catenin system is an evolutionary conserved signalling pathway that is of particular importance for morphogenesis and cell organization during embryogenesis. The system is usually suppressed in adulthood; however, it can be re-activated in organ injury and regeneration. WNT-deficient mice display severe kidney defects at birth. Transient WNT-β-catenin activation stimulates tissue regeneration after acute kidney injury, whereas sustained (uncontrolled) WNT-β-catenin signalling promotes kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), podocyte injury and proteinuria, persistent tissue damage during acute kidney injury and cystic kidney diseases. Additionally, WNT-β-catenin signalling is involved in CKD-associated vascular calcification and mineral bone disease. The WNT-β-catenin pathway is tightly regulated, for example, by proteins of the Dickkopf (DKK) family. In particular, DKK3 is released by 'stressed' tubular epithelial cells; DKK3 drives kidney fibrosis and is associated with short-term risk of CKD progression and acute kidney injury. Thus, targeting the WNT-β-catenin pathway might represent a promising therapeutic strategy in kidney injury and associated complications.
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23
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Liu Y, Cao S, Yu M, Hu H. TMEM216 Deletion Causes Mislocalization of Cone Opsin and Rhodopsin and Photoreceptor Degeneration in Zebrafish. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32687549 PMCID: PMC7425700 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mutations in TMEM216, a ciliary transition zone tetraspan transmembrane protein, are linked to Joubert syndrome and Meckel syndrome. Photoreceptor degeneration is a prominent phenotype in Joubert syndrome. How TMEM216 contributes to photoreceptor health is poorly understood. Methods We have generated tmem216 knockout zebrafish by CRISPR genome editing. The impact of TMEM216 deletion on photoreceptors was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy. Results Homozygous tmem216 knockout zebrafish died before 21 days after fertilization. Their retina exhibited reduced immunoreactivity to rod photoreceptor outer segment marker 4D2 and cone photoreceptor outer segment marker G protein subunit α transducin 2 (GNAT2). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) revealed an increase in TUNEL-positive nuclei in the knockout retina, indicating photoreceptor degeneration. The tmem216 mutation resulted in shortened photoreceptor ciliary axoneme, as revealed by acetylated α-tubulin immunostaining. Photoreceptors in knockout zebrafish exhibited mislocalization of outer segment proteins such as rhodopsin, GNAT2, and red opsin to the inner segment and cell bodies. Additionally, electron microscopy revealed that the mutant photoreceptors elaborated outer segment with abnormal disc morphology such as shortened discs and vesicles/vacuoles within the outer segment. Conclusion Our results indicate that TMEM216 is essential for normal genesis of outer segment disc structures, transport of outer segment materials, and survival of photoreceptors in zebrafish. These tmem216 knockout zebrafish will be useful in studying how transition zone proteins regulate photoreceptor outer segment formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Shuqin Cao
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Miao Yu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Center for Vision Research, Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology and of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
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24
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Yousef Yengej FA, Jansen J, Rookmaaker MB, Verhaar MC, Clevers H. Kidney Organoids and Tubuloids. Cells 2020; 9:E1326. [PMID: 32466429 PMCID: PMC7349753 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past five years, pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived kidney organoids and adult stem or progenitor cell (ASC)-based kidney tubuloids have emerged as advanced in vitro models of kidney development, physiology, and disease. PSC-derived organoids mimic nephrogenesis. After differentiation towards the kidney precursor tissues ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme, their reciprocal interaction causes self-organization and patterning in vitro to generate nephron structures that resemble the fetal kidney. ASC tubuloids on the other hand recapitulate renewal and repair in the adult kidney tubule and give rise to long-term expandable and genetically stable cultures that consist of adult proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct epithelium. Both organoid types hold great potential for: (1) studies of kidney physiology, (2) disease modeling, (3) high-throughput screening for drug efficacy and toxicity, and (4) regenerative medicine. Currently, organoids and tubuloids are successfully used to model hereditary, infectious, toxic, metabolic, and malignant kidney diseases and to screen for effective therapies. Furthermore, a tumor tubuloid biobank was established, which allows studies of pathogenic mutations and novel drug targets in a large group of patients. In this review, we discuss the nature of kidney organoids and tubuloids and their current and future applications in science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute—Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.B.R.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 24, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Geert Grooteplein 24, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.B.R.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.B.R.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute—Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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25
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The Role of Wnt Signalling in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050496. [PMID: 32365994 PMCID: PMC7290783 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) encompasses a group of diverse diseases that are associated with accumulating kidney damage and a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These conditions can be of an acquired or genetic nature and, in many cases, interactions between genetics and the environment also play a role in disease manifestation and severity. In this review, we focus on genetically inherited chronic kidney diseases and dissect the links between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling, and this umbrella of conditions that result in kidney damage. Most of the current evidence on the role of Wnt signalling in CKD is gathered from studies in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and nephronophthisis (NPHP) and reveals the involvement of β-catenin. Nevertheless, recent findings have also linked planar cell polarity (PCP) signalling to CKD, with further studies being required to fully understand the links and molecular mechanisms.
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26
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Abstract
Primary cilia project in a single copy from the surface of most vertebrate cell types; they detect and transmit extracellular cues to regulate diverse cellular processes during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis. The sensory capacity of primary cilia relies on the coordinated trafficking and temporal localization of specific receptors and associated signal transduction modules in the cilium. The canonical Hedgehog (HH) pathway, for example, is a bona fide ciliary signalling system that regulates cell fate and self-renewal in development and tissue homeostasis. Specific receptors and associated signal transduction proteins can also localize to primary cilia in a cell type-dependent manner; available evidence suggests that the ciliary constellation of these proteins can temporally change to allow the cell to adapt to specific developmental and homeostatic cues. Consistent with important roles for primary cilia in signalling, mutations that lead to their dysfunction underlie a pleiotropic group of diseases and syndromic disorders termed ciliopathies, which affect many different tissues and organs of the body. In this Review, we highlight central mechanisms by which primary cilia coordinate HH, G protein-coupled receptor, WNT, receptor tyrosine kinase and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling and illustrate how defects in the balanced output of ciliary signalling events are coupled to developmental disorders and disease progression.
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27
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Choi BKA, D’Onofrio PM, Shabanzadeh AP, Koeberle PD. Stabilization of primary cilia reduces abortive cell cycle re-entry to protect injured adult CNS neurons from apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220056. [PMID: 31369591 PMCID: PMC6675095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abortive cell cycle (ACC) re-entry of apoptotic neurons is a recently characterized phenomenon that occurs after central nervous system (CNS) injury or over the course of CNS disease. Consequently, inhibiting cell cycle progression is neuroprotective in numerous CNS pathology models. Primary cilia are ubiquitous, centriole-based cellular organelles that prevent cell cycling, but their ability to modulate abortive cell cycle has not been described. Here, we show that neuronal cilia are ablated in-vitro and in-vivo following injury by hypoxia or optic nerve transection (ONT), respectively. Furthermore, forced cilia resorption sensitized neurons to these injuries and enhanced cell death. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition or shRNA knockdown of the proteins that disassemble the cilia increased neuron survival and decreased the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb), a master switch for cell cycle re-entry. Our findings show that the stabilization of neuronal primary cilia inhibits, at least transiently, apoptotic cell cycling, which has implications for future therapeutic strategies that halt or slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and acute CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. A. Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe M. D’Onofrio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alireza P. Shabanzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulo D. Koeberle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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28
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Wang J, Ji H. Optimization of Peptidomimetics as Selective Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/T-Cell Factor Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3617-3635. [PMID: 30856332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The β-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf) protein-protein interaction (PPI) plays a critical role in the β-catenin signaling pathway which is hyperactivated in many cancers and fibroses. Based on compound 1, which was designed to target the Tcf4 G13ANDE17 binding site of β-catenin, extensive structure-activity relationship studies have been conducted. As a result, compounds 53 and 57 were found to disrupt the β-catenin/Tcf PPI with the Ki values of 0.64 and 0.44 μM, respectively, and exhibit good selectivity for β-catenin/Tcf over β-catenin/E-cadherin and β-catenin/adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) PPIs. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetrazolium (MTS) cell viability assays revealed that 56, the ethyl ester of 53, was more potent than 53 in inhibiting viability of most of the Wnt/β-catenin hyperactive cancer cells. Further cell-based studies indicated that 56 disrupted the β-catenin/Tcf PPI without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin and β-catenin/APC PPIs, suppressed transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in dose-dependent manners, and inhibited migration and invasiveness of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612-9497 , United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612-9497 , United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612-9497 , United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612-9497 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620-9497 , United States
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29
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Tubuloids derived from human adult kidney and urine for personalized disease modeling. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:303-313. [PMID: 30833775 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cell-derived organoids are three-dimensional epithelial structures that recapitulate fundamental aspects of their organ of origin. We describe conditions for the long-term growth of primary kidney tubular epithelial organoids, or 'tubuloids'. The cultures are established from human and mouse kidney tissue and can be expanded for at least 20 passages (>6 months) while retaining a normal number of chromosomes. In addition, cultures can be established from human urine. Human tubuloids represent proximal as well as distal nephron segments, as evidenced by gene expression, immunofluorescence and tubular functional analyses. We apply tubuloids to model infectious, malignant and hereditary kidney diseases in a personalized fashion. BK virus infection of tubuloids recapitulates in vivo phenomena. Tubuloids are established from Wilms tumors. Kidney tubuloids derived from the urine of a subject with cystic fibrosis allow ex vivo assessment of treatment efficacy. Finally, tubuloids cultured on microfluidic organ-on-a-chip plates adopt a tubular conformation and display active (trans-)epithelial transport function.
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30
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Higgins M, Obaidi I, McMorrow T. Primary cilia and their role in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3041-3047. [PMID: 30867732 PMCID: PMC6396132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are expressed on almost all mammalian cells. It has become apparent that these structures are important signaling hubs that serve crucial roles in Wnt, hedgehog, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Notch signaling pathways. A number of diseases have been found to involve dysfunctional primary cilia; collectively these diseases are called ciliopathies. In recent years, there has been more focus on the association between primary cilia and cancer, including renal, pancreatic and breast cancer. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various types of cancer cells fail to express cilia. Notably, it has also been indicated that a number of renal carcinogens induce a significant loss of cilia in renal epithelial cells. The present review focuses on the existing literature regarding primary cilia and their involvement with cancer signaling pathways, providing a brief overview of the structural features and functions of primary cilia, then discussing the evidence associating primary cilia with cancer, and presenting the available information on the ERK/MAPK, hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways, and their involvement in primary cilia in association with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Higgins
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ismael Obaidi
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tara McMorrow
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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31
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Guo D, Zhang S, Sun H, Xu X, Hao Z, Mu C, Xu X, Wang G, Ren H. Tyrosine hydroxylase down-regulation after loss of Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) promotes depression via the circadian clock pathway in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5090-5101. [PMID: 29449373 PMCID: PMC5892572 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelson helper integration site 1 (AHI1) is associated with several neuropsychiatric and brain developmental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, autism, and Joubert syndrome. Ahi1 deficiency in mice leads to behaviors typical of depression. However, the mechanisms by which AHI1 regulates behavior remain to be elucidated. Here, we found that down-regulation of expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), in the midbrains of Ahi1-knockout (KO) mice is responsible for Ahi1-deficiency-mediated depressive symptoms. We also found that Rev-Erbα, a TH transcriptional repressor and circadian regulator, is up-regulated in the Ahi1-KO mouse midbrains and Ahi1-knockdown Neuro-2a cells. Moreover, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1), the Rev-Erbα transcriptional regulator, is also increased in the Ahi1-KO mouse midbrains and Ahi1-knockdown cells. Our results further revealed that AHI1 decreases BMAL1/Rev-Erbα expression by interacting with and repressing retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α, a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator of circadian genes. Of note, Bmal1 deficiency reversed the reduction in TH expression induced by Ahi1 deficiency. Moreover, microinfusion of the Rev-Erbα inhibitor SR8278 into the ventral midbrain of Ahi1-KO mice significantly increased TH expression in the ventral tegmental area and improved their depressive symptoms. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for a link between AHI1-related behaviors and the circadian clock pathway, indicating an involvement of circadian regulatory proteins in AHI1-regulated mood and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkai Guo
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xingyun Xu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zongbing Hao
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chenchen Mu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xingshun Xu
- the Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu 215123, China, and
- the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China,
| | - Haigang Ren
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China,
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32
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Guo W, Ji H. Structure-Based Optimization of Small-Molecule Inhibitors for the β-Catenin/B-Cell Lymphoma 9 Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2989-3007. [PMID: 29566337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based optimization was conducted to improve the potency, selectivity, and cell-based activities of β-catenin/B-cell lymphoma 9 (BCL9) inhibitors based on the 4'-fluoro- N-phenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxamide scaffold, which was designed to mimic the side chains of the hydrophobic α-helical hot spots at positions i, i + 3, and i + 7. Compound 29 was found to disrupt the β-catenin/BCL9 protein-protein interaction (PPI) with a Ki of 0.47 μM and >1900-fold selectivity for β-catenin/BCL9 over β-catenin/E-cadherin PPIs. The proposed binding mode of new inhibitors was consistent with the results of site-directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. Cell-based studies indicated that 29 disrupted the β-catenin/BCL9 interaction without affecting the β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction, selectively suppressed transactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, downregulated expression of Wnt target genes, and inhibited viability of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cancer cells in dose-dependent manners. A comparison of the biochemical and cell-based assay results offered the directions for future inhibitor optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Haitao Ji
- Drug Discovery Department , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida 33612 , United States.,Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Chemistry , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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33
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Activated renal tubular Wnt/β-catenin signaling triggers renal inflammation during overload proteinuria. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1367-1383. [PMID: 29605095 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal cells is associated with renal dysfunction, yet the precise mechanism is poorly understood. Previously we observed activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in renal tubules during proteinuric nephropathy with an unknown net effect. Therefore, to identify the definitive role of tubular Wnt/β-catenin, we generated a novel transgenic "Tubcat" mouse conditionally expressing stabilized β-catenin specifically in renal tubules following tamoxifen administration. Four weeks after tamoxifen injection, uninephrectomized Tubcat mice displayed proteinuria and elevated blood urea nitrogen levels compared to non-transgenic mice, implying a detrimental effect of the activated signaling. This was associated with infiltration of the tubulointerstitium predominantly by M1 macrophages and overexpression of the inflammatory chemocytokines CCL-2 and RANTES. Induction of overload proteinuria by intraperitoneal injection of low-endotoxin bovine serum albumin following uninephrectomy for four weeks aggravated proteinuria and increased blood urea nitrogen levels to a significantly greater extent in Tubcat mice. Renal dysfunction correlated with the degree of M1 macrophage infiltration in the tubulointerstitium and renal cortical up-regulation of CCL-2, IL-17A, IL-1β, CXCL1, and ICAM-1. There was overexpression of cortical TLR-4 and NLRP-3 in Tubcat mice, independent of bovine serum albumin injection. Finally, there was no fibrosis, activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or non-canonical Wnt pathways observed in the kidneys of Tubcat mice. Thus, conditional activation of renal tubular Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a novel transgenic mouse model demonstrates that this pathway enhances intrarenal inflammation via the TLR-4/NLRP-3 inflammasome axis in overload proteinuria.
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34
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Li A, Xu Y, Fan S, Meng J, Shen X, Xiao Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Wu G, Liang C, Wu D. Canonical Wnt inhibitors ameliorate cystogenesis in a mouse ortholog of human ADPKD. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 29515026 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) can be caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes. The PKD1 gene product is a Wnt cell-surface receptor. We previously showed that a lack of the PKD2 gene product, PC2, increases β-catenin signaling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, kidney renal epithelia, and isolated renal collecting duct cells. However, it remains unclear whether β-catenin signaling plays a role in polycystic kidney disease phenotypes or if a Wnt inhibitor can halt cyst formation in ADPKD disease models. Here, using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we demonstrated that the elevated β-catenin signaling caused by PC2 deficiency contributes significantly to disease phenotypes in a mouse ortholog of human ADPKD. Pharmacologically inhibiting β-catenin stability or the production of mature Wnt protein, or genetically reducing the expression of Ctnnb1 (which encodes β-catenin), suppressed the formation of renal cysts, improved renal function, and extended survival in ADPKD mice. Our study clearly demonstrates the importance of β-catenin signaling in disease phenotypes associated with Pkd2 mutation. It also describes the effects of two Wnt inhibitors, XAV939 and LGK974, on various Wnt signaling targets as a potential therapeutic modality for ADPKD, for which there is currently no effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuchen Xu
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Song Fan
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jialin Meng
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xufeng Shen
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guanqing Wu
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Anhui Province PKD Center, Institute and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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35
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Kumar R, Kotapalli V, Naz A, Gowrishankar S, Rao S, Pollack JR, Bashyam MD. XPNPEP3 is a novel transcriptional target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:304-310. [PMID: 29383790 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays important roles in embryonic development and adult tissue regeneration while aberrant Wnt activation is the major driver of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, it is important to characterize the complete β-catenin target transcriptome. We previously performed microarray-based mRNA profiling of rectal cancer samples stratified for Wnt status. In addition to AXIN2 and EPHB2, XPNPEP3 transcripts were significantly elevated in tumors exhibiting activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, validated by Q-PCR. Three different cell lines supported elevated XPNPEP3 transcript levels upon activation of Wnt signaling, confirmed using promoter-luciferase assays. Ectopic expression of XPNPEP3 promoted tumorigenic properties in CRC cells. Immunohistochemistry on a CRC tissue microarray revealed significant correlation between β-catenin nuclear localization and XPNPEP3 levels. More importantly, XPNPEP3 expression was upregulated compared to normal samples in published expression data sets from several cancers including CRC. Finally, XPNPEP3 expression correlated with poor survival in many cancers. Our results therefore suggest XPNPEP3 to be a transcriptional target of Wnt/β-catenin pathway with particular significance for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Viswakalyan Kotapalli
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashmala Naz
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India.,Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Satish Rao
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jonathan R Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Murali Dharan Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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36
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Wheway G, Nazlamova L, Hancock JT. Signaling through the Primary Cilium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:8. [PMID: 29473038 PMCID: PMC5809511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of single, non-motile “primary” cilia on the surface of epithelial cells has been well described since the 1960s. However, for decades these organelles were believed to be vestigial, with no remaining function, having lost their motility. It wasn't until 2003, with the discovery that proteins responsible for transport along the primary cilium are essential for hedgehog signaling in mice, that the fundamental importance of primary cilia in signal transduction was realized. Little more than a decade later, it is now clear that the vast majority of signaling pathways in vertebrates function through the primary cilium. This has led to the adoption of the term “the cells's antenna” as a description for the primary cilium. Primary cilia are particularly important during development, playing fundamental roles in embryonic patterning and organogenesis, with a suite of inherited developmental disorders known as the “ciliopathies” resulting from mutations in genes encoding cilia proteins. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of these fascinating organelles in a wide range of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liliya Nazlamova
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Lai D, Chen M, Su J, Liu X, Rothe K, Hu K, Forrest DL, Eaves CJ, Morin GB, Jiang X. PP2A inhibition sensitizes cancer stem cells to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in BCR-ABL
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human leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
PP2A inhibitors and BCR-ABL inhibitors synergize to kill drug-insensitive leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Min Chen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jiechuang Su
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Katharina Rothe
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Kaiji Hu
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Donna L. Forrest
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Connie J. Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Gregg B. Morin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada
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Wang Y, Zhou CJ, Liu Y. Wnt Signaling in Kidney Development and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:181-207. [PMID: 29389516 PMCID: PMC6008255 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signal cascade is an evolutionarily conserved, developmental pathway that regulates embryogenesis, injury repair, and pathogenesis of human diseases. It is well established that Wnt ligands transmit their signal via canonical, β-catenin-dependent and noncanonical, β-catenin-independent mechanisms. Mounting evidence has revealed that Wnt signaling plays a key role in controlling early nephrogenesis and is implicated in the development of various kidney disorders. Dysregulations of Wnt expression cause a variety of developmental abnormalities and human diseases, such as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, cystic kidney, and renal carcinoma. Multiple Wnt ligands, their receptors, and transcriptional targets are upregulated during nephron formation, which is crucial for mediating the reciprocal interaction between primordial tissues of ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme. Renal cysts are also associated with disrupted Wnt signaling. In addition, Wnt components are important players in renal tumorigenesis. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin is instrumental for tubular repair and regeneration after acute kidney injury. However, sustained activation of this signal cascade is linked to chronic kidney diseases and renal fibrosis in patients and experimental animal models. Mechanistically, Wnt signaling controls a diverse array of biologic processes, such as cell cycle progression, cell polarity and migration, cilia biology, and activation of renin-angiotensin system. In this chapter, we have reviewed recent findings that implicate Wnt signaling in kidney development and diseases. Targeting this signaling may hold promise for future treatment of kidney disorders in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Youhua Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Scanga HL, Nischal KK. Overarching Concepts and Mechanisms Affecting Phenotypes of Ocular Genetic Conditions. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Terada N, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunolocalization of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin in neonate and adult rat kidney. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1785-1790. [PMID: 28993569 PMCID: PMC5709553 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin are adhesion molecules that play important roles in organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, renal epithelial integrity and polarity. The present study demonstrated their immunolocalization in adult and neonate rat kidney. Membranous or cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were seen in adult and developing renal tubular epithelial cells. Particularly, in adult kidney, E-cadherin and β-catenin were intensively expressed in distal renal tubules, whereas N-cadherin was expressed in proximal renal tubules. In neonate rat kidney on 1 and 4 days old, developing renal tubular epithelial cells were mainly reacted with E-cadherin and very weakly expressed N-cadherin; β-catenin was expressed in developing renal tubules and mesenchymal blastemal cells. Interestingly, β-catenin-positive renal tubular epithelial cells simultaneously expressed E-cadherin in the kidney of adult and developing rats. Collectively, the adhesion molecules were differentially distributed in the renal tubules of adult rats and β-catenin and E-cadherin are predominant adhesion molecules in developing kidney. The present findings would provide the basic information of evaluating renal tubular toxicity using rats, in addition to renal genesis, in terms of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Terada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Phencyclidine-induced dysregulation of primary cilia in the rodent brain. Brain Res 2017; 1674:62-69. [PMID: 28842124 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant roles of the primary cilia in the central nervous system have been reported in neural generation and cognitive functions. However, little is known about the possible pathological changes in brain primary cilia in neuropsychiatric disorders. To obtain an insight into the relationship between cilial dysregulation and schizophrenia, we presently investigated the effects of psychotomimetics, phencyclidine, MK-801 (dizocilpine), and methamphetamine, on morphological and molecular indices in the rodent brain. Using an immunohistochemical technique, we found that a subcutaneous injection of phencyclidine, an NMDA type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, caused a reduction in the long axis length of a primary cilium in the CA1 region of the hippocampus without affecting that in the dentate gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex of rats and mice. The region-selective modulation of primary cilia was mimicked by another NMDAR antagonist, MK-801, but not by the indirect dopamine agonist methamphetamine. Furthermore, systemic administration of phencyclidine, but not methamphetamine, down-regulated mRNA expression of primary cilium morphology-related genes, including kif3a, 5-HTR6, RPGRIP1L, and TMEM67, and of genes composing the cilial Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, β-catenin, syn2 and Bcl-2, in the hippocampus, but not in the cerebral cortex of rats. These findings suggest that NMDAR hypofunction-induced dysregulation of CA1 primary cilia could be involved in the pathophysiology of dopamine transmission-independent symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Takao D, Wang L, Boss A, Verhey KJ. Protein Interaction Analysis Provides a Map of the Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Ciliary Gating Zone. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2296-2306.e3. [PMID: 28736169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The motility and signaling functions of the primary cilium require a unique protein and lipid composition that is determined by gating mechanisms localized at the base of the cilium. Several protein complexes localize to the gating zone and may regulate ciliary protein composition; however, the mechanisms of ciliary gating and the dynamics of the gating components are largely unknown. Here, we used the BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complementation) assay and report for the first time on the protein-protein interactions that occur between ciliary gating components and transiting cargoes during ciliary entry. We find that the nucleoporin Nup62 and the C termini of the nephronophthisis (NPHP) proteins NPHP4 and NPHP5 interact with the axoneme-associated kinesin-2 motor KIF17 and thus spatially map to the inner region of the ciliary gating zone. Nup62 and NPHP4 exhibit rapid turnover at the transition zone and thus define dynamic components of the gate. We find that B9D1, AHI1, and the N termini of NPHP4 and NPHP5 interact with the transmembrane protein SSTR3 and thus spatially map to the outer region of the ciliary gating zone. B9D1, AHI1, and NPHP5 exhibit little to no turnover at the transition zone and thus define components of a stable gating structure. These data provide the first comprehensive map of the molecular orientations of gating zone components along the inner-to-outer axis of the ciliary gating zone. These results advance our understanding of the functional roles of gating zone components in regulating ciliary protein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Allison Boss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristen J Verhey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Reiter JF. Open Sesame: How Transition Fibers and the Transition Zone Control Ciliary Composition. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028134. [PMID: 27770015 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are plasma membrane protrusions that act as cellular propellers or antennae. To perform these functions, cilia must maintain a composition distinct from those of the contiguous cytosol and plasma membrane. The specialized composition of the cilium depends on the ciliary gate, the region at the ciliary base separating the cilium from the rest of the cell. The ciliary gate's main structural features are electron dense struts connecting microtubules to the adjacent membrane. These structures include the transition fibers, which connect the distal basal body to the base of the ciliary membrane, and the Y-links, which connect the proximal axoneme and ciliary membrane within the transition zone. Both transition fibers and Y-links form early during ciliogenesis and play key roles in ciliary assembly and trafficking. Accordingly, many human ciliopathies are caused by mutations that perturb ciliary gate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc R Garcia-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy F Reiter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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Srivastava S, Molinari E, Raman S, Sayer JA. Many Genes-One Disease? Genetics of Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and NPHP-Associated Disorders. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:287. [PMID: 29379777 PMCID: PMC5770800 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy and an autosomal recessive cause of cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal failure, affecting children and young adults. Molecular genetic studies have identified more than 20 genes underlying this disorder, whose protein products are all related to cilia, centrosome, or mitotic spindle function. In around 15% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, including retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. Alongside, gene identification has arisen molecular mechanistic insights into the disease pathogenesis. The genetic causes of NPHP are discussed in terms of how they help us to define treatable disease pathways including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, the mTOR pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathways, and DNA damage response pathways. While the underlying pathology of the many types of NPHP remains similar, the defined disease mechanisms are diverse, and a personalized medicine approach for therapy in NPHP patients is likely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, City Hospitals Sunderland and South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Raman
- Department of Histopathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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45
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Hartill V, Szymanska K, Sharif SM, Wheway G, Johnson CA. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome: An Update on Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Research Advances. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:244. [PMID: 29209597 PMCID: PMC5701918 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a lethal autosomal recessive congenital anomaly syndrome caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that are structural or functional components of the primary cilium. Conditions that are caused by mutations in ciliary genes are collectively termed the ciliopathies, and MKS represents the most severe condition in this group of disorders. The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle, projecting from the apical surface of vertebrate cells. It acts as an "antenna" that receives and transduces chemosensory and mechanosensory signals, but also regulates diverse signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Shh, that have important roles during embryonic development. Most MKS proteins localize to a distinct ciliary compartment called the transition zone (TZ) that regulates the trafficking of cargo proteins or lipids. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of MKS clinical features, molecular genetics, and clinical diagnosis. MKS has a highly variable phenotype, extreme genetic heterogeneity, and displays allelism with other related ciliopathies such as Joubert syndrome, presenting significant challenges to diagnosis. Recent advances in genetic technology, with the widespread use of multi-gene panels for molecular testing, have significantly improved diagnosis, genetic counseling, and the clinical management of MKS families. These include the description of some limited genotype-phenotype correlations. We discuss recent insights into the molecular basis of disease in MKS, since the functions of some of the relevant ciliary proteins have now been determined. A common molecular etiology appears to be disruption of ciliary TZ structure and function, affecting essential developmental signaling and the regulation of secondary messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Hartill
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Saghira Malik Sharif
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Sciences, UWE Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Primary cilia are small, antenna-like structures that detect mechanical and chemical cues and transduce extracellular signals. While mammalian primary cilia were first reported in the late 1800s, scientific interest in these sensory organelles has burgeoned since the beginning of the twenty-first century with recognition that primary cilia are essential to human health. Among the most common clinical manifestations of ciliary dysfunction are renal cysts. The molecular mechanisms underlying renal cystogenesis are complex, involving multiple aberrant cellular processes and signaling pathways, while initiating molecular events remain undefined. Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease is the most common renal cystic disease, caused by disruption of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 transmembrane proteins, which evidence suggests must localize to primary cilia for proper function. To understand how the absence of these proteins in primary cilia may be remediated, we review intracellular trafficking of polycystins to the primary cilium. We also examine the controversial mechanisms by which primary cilia transduce flow-mediated mechanical stress into intracellular calcium. Further, to better understand ciliary function in the kidney, we highlight the LKB1/AMPK, Wnt, and Hedgehog developmental signaling pathways mediated by primary cilia and misregulated in renal cystic disease.
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Six2creFrs2α knockout mice are a novel model of renal cystogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36736. [PMID: 27853247 PMCID: PMC5113122 DOI: 10.1038/srep36736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Six2cre-mediated deletion of Frs2α (Six2creFrs2αKO), a major fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr) docking protein in mouse nephron progenitors results in perinatal renal hypoplasia; however, postnatal Six2creFrs2αKO kidneys develop cysts. We sought to determine the pathogenesis of Six2creFrs2αKO cyst formation. We performed histological assays, Western blots, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). While embryonic day (E) 18.5 Six2Frs2αKO kidneys were hypoplastic and not cystic, postnatal day (P) 7 mutants had proximal tubular-derived cysts that nearly replaced the renal parenchyma by P21. Mutants had high proximal tubular proliferation rates and interstitial fibrosis, similar to known polycystic kidney disease (PKD) models. Six2creFrs2αKO kidneys also had upregulation of Wnt/βcatenin signaling, macrophage infiltration and chemokine production (e.g. ectopic Ccl2 in non-dilated proximal tubules), and augmented hedgehog signaling, features also seen in other PKD models. We saw increased Gli1 (hedgehog readout) in postnatal Six2creFrs2αKO interstitium and ectopic sonic hedgehog (Shh) in subsets of non-dilated P7 mutant proximal tubules (likely driving the stromal Gli expression). As ectopic tubular Shh and Ccl2 expression is seen after acute kidney injury (AKI), we interrogated another bone fide AKI marker, Kim1 and noted ectopic expression in P7 non-dilated proximal tubules. These observations suggest that aberrantly activated “AKI” pathways may drive pathogenesis in PKD.
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Jiang S, Chen G, Feng L, Jiang Z, Yu M, Bao J, Tian W. Disruption of kif3a results in defective osteoblastic differentiation in dental mesenchymal stem/precursor cells via the Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1891-900. [PMID: 27432616 PMCID: PMC4991727 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterograde intraflagellar transport motor protein, kif3a, regulates the integrity of primary cilia and various cellular functions, however, the role of kif3a in dental mesenchymal stem/precursor cell differentiation remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the expression of kif3a was knocked down in human dental follicle cells (hDFCs) and human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) using short hairpin RNA. The results of subsequent immunofluorescence revealed that knocking down kif3a resulted in the loss of primary cilia, which led to impairment of substantial mineralization and expression of the differentiation-associated markers, including alkaline phosphatase, Runt-related transcription factor 2, dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein in the hDFCs and hDPCs. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of Wnt3a-mediated active β-catenin and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 were attenuated, whereas the expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β was enhanced, in the kif3a-knockdown cells. In addition, exogenous Wnt3a partially rescued osteoblastic differentiation in the hDFCs and hDPCs. These results demonstrated that inhibition of kif3a in the hDFCs and hDPCs disrupted primary cilia formation and/or function, and indicated that kif3a is important in the differentiation of hDFCs and hDPCs through the Wnt pathway. These findings not only enhance current understanding of tooth development and diseases of tooth mineralization, but also indicate possible strategies to regulate mineralization during tooth repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resources and Eco‑Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zongting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jinku Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resources and Eco‑Environment, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Bracken C, Beauverger P, Duclos O, Russo RJ, Rogers KA, Husson H, Natoli TA, Ledbetter SR, Janiak P, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Bukanov NO. CaMKII as a pathological mediator of ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine model of nephronophthisis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1414-22. [PMID: 27076647 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00426.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are genetic diseases characterized by renal cyst formation with increased cell proliferation, apoptosis, and transition to a secretory phenotype at the expense of terminal differentiation. Despite recent progress in understanding PKD pathogenesis and the emergence of potential therapies, the key molecular mechanisms promoting cystogenesis are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative damage, and compromised mitochondrial function all contribute to nephronophthisis-associated PKD. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is emerging as a critical mediator of these cellular processes. Therefore, we reasoned that pharmacological targeting of CaMKII may translate into effective inhibition of PKD in jck mice. Our data demonstrate that CaMKII is activated within cystic kidney epithelia in jck mice. Blockade of CaMKII with a selective inhibitor results in effective inhibition of PKD in jck mice. Mechanistic experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that CaMKII inhibition relieves endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative damage and improves mitochondrial integrity and membrane potential. Taken together, our data support CaMKII inhibition as a new and effective therapeutic avenue for the treatment of cystic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bracken
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | - Ryan J Russo
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kelly A Rogers
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Hervé Husson
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Thomas A Natoli
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven R Ledbetter
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Philip Janiak
- Cardiovascular Research, Sanofi, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Nikolay O Bukanov
- Rare Diseases, Sanofi-Genzyme R&D Center, Framingham, Massachusetts; and
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Downregulation of renal tubular Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Dickkopf-3 induces tubular cell death in proteinuric nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2155. [PMID: 27010856 PMCID: PMC4823961 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in different forms of kidney disease have yielded discrepant results. Here, we report the biphasic change of renal β-catenin expression in mice with overload proteinuria in which β-catenin was upregulated at the early stage (4 weeks after disease induction) but abrogated at the late phase (8 weeks). Acute albuminuria was observed at 1 week after bovine serum albumin injection, followed by partial remission at 4 weeks that coincided with overexpression of renal tubular β-catenin. Interestingly, a rebound in albuminuria at 8 weeks was accompanied by downregulated tubular β-catenin expression and heightened tubular apoptosis. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) and renal tubular β-catenin expression at these time points. In vitro, a similar trend in β-catenin expression was observed in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells with acute (upregulation) and prolonged (downregulation) exposure to albumin. Induction of a proapoptotic phenotype by albumin was significantly enhanced by silencing β-catenin in HK-2 cells. Finally, Dkk-3 expression and secretion was increased after prolonged exposure to albumin, leading to the suppression of intracellular β-catenin signaling pathway. The effect of Dkk-3 on β-catenin signaling was confirmed by incubation with exogenous Dkk-3 in HK-2 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that downregulation of tubular β-catenin signaling induced by Dkk-3 has a detrimental role in chronic proteinuria, partially through the increase in apoptosis.
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