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Kind S, Castillo CP, Schlichter R, Gorbokon N, Lennartz M, Hornsteiner LS, Dwertmann Rico S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Bernreuther C, Büscheck F, Clauditz TS, Fraune C, Hinsch A, Krech T, Lebok P, Steurer S, Burandt E, Minner S, Marx AH, Simon R, Wilczak W, Sauter G, Menz A, Jacobsen F. KLK7 expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 13,447 tumors. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:794. [PMID: 38961454 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease which is essential for the desquamation of corneocytes and thus plays a pivotal role in maintaining skin homeostasis. In cancer, KLK7 overexpression was suggested to represent a route for metastasis through cleavage of cell junction and extracellular matrix proteins of cancer cells. METHODS To comprehensively determine KLK7 protein expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 13,447 samples from 147 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS KLK7 positivity was found in 64 of 147 tumor categories, including 17 tumor categories with at least one strongly positive case. The highest rate of KLK7 positivity was found in squamous cell carcinomas from various sites of origin (positive in 18.1%-63.8%), ovarian and endometrium cancers (4.8%-56.2%), salivary gland tumors (4.8%-13.7%), bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (20.0%-40.4%), and adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract (3.3%-12.5%). KLK7 positivity was linked to nodal metastasis (p = 0.0005), blood vessel infiltration (p = 0.0037), and lymph vessel infiltration (p < 0.0001) in colorectal adenocarcinoma, nodal metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (p = 0.0382), advanced pathological tumor stage in papillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.0132), and low grade of malignancy in a cohort of 719 squamous cell carcinomas from 11 different sites of origin (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These data provide a comprehensive overview on KLK7 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues. The prognostic relevance of KLK7 expression and the possible role of KLK7 as a drug target need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Carolina Palacios Castillo
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Lisa S Hornsteiner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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2
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Oz O, Irmak Yuzuguldu R, Yazici A, Kocatepe Cavdar D, Yilmaz C, Ozturk M, Duzel H, Gurel D. The differences between pure and mixed invasive micropapillary breast cancer: the epithelial-mesenchymal transition molecules and prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07384-w. [PMID: 38955980 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is known for its high metastatic potential, but the definition of pure and mixed IMPC remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of the micropapillary component ratio and the expression of critical molecules of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), CD44s, and β-catenin (β-cat), in distinguishing between pure and mixed IMPCs. METHODS We analyzed 100 cases of locally advanced IMPC between 2000 and 2018 and excluded patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pure IMPC was defined as having a micropapillary component of over 90%. A comprehensive recording of prognostic parameters was conducted. The IMPC areas were analyzed using the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method on the microarray set for pure and mixed IMPC patients. Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards analysis were employed. RESULTS The comparative survival analysis of the entire group, based on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), revealed no significant difference between the pure and mixed groups (P = 0.480, HR = 1.474 [0.502-4.325] and P = 0.390, HR = 1.587 [0.550-4.640], respectively). However, in the pure IMPC group, certain factors were found to be associated with a higher risk of short survival. These factors included skin involvement (P = 0.050), pT3&4 category (P = 0.006), a ratio of intraductal component (> 5%) (P = 0.032), and high-level expression of N-cad (P = 0.020). Notably, none of the risk factors identified for short OS in pure IMPC cases were observed as significant risks in mixed cases and vice versa. Furthermore, N-cad was identified as a poor prognostic marker for OS in pure IMPCs (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The selection of a 90% ratio for classifying pure IMPCs revealed significant differences in certain molecular and prognostic parameters between pure and mixed groups. Notably, the involvement of N-cadherin in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process provided crucial insights for predicting OS and DFS while also distinguishing between the two groups. These findings strongly support the notion that the pure IMPC subgroup represents a distinct entity characterized by unique molecular characteristics and behavioral patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Oz
- Department of Pathology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | - Ayse Yazici
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Demet Kocatepe Cavdar
- Department of Pathology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mucteba Ozturk
- Department of General Surgery, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hilal Duzel
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Boroojerdi S, Weidemann S, Menz A, Lennartz M, Dwertmann Rico S, Schlichter R, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Bawahab AA, Höflmeyer D, Fraune C, Gorbokon N, Luebke AM, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Krech T, Hinsch A, Jacobsen F, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Kluth M, Steurer S, Minner S, Marx AH, Bernreuther C, Clauditz TS, Dum D, Lebok P. Staining pattern of specific and cross-reacting Melan-A antibodies: A comparative study on 15,840 samples from 133 human tumor types. APMIS 2024; 132:479-491. [PMID: 38757248 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The Melan-A (melanocyte antigen) protein, also termed 'melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1' (MART-1) is a protein with unknown function whose expression is specific for the melanocyte lineage. Antibodies against Melan-A are thus used for identifying melanocytic tumors, but some Melan-A antibodies show an additional - diagnostically useful - cross-reactivity against an unspecified protein involved in corticosteroid hormone synthesis. To comprehensively compare the staining patterns of a specific and a cross-reactive Melan-A antibody in normal and neoplastic tissues, tissue microarrays containing 15,840 samples from 133 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. For the Melan-A-specific antibody 'Melan-A specific' (MSVA-900M), Melan-A positivity was seen in 96.0% of 25 benign nevi, 93.0% of 40 primary and 86.7% of 75 metastatic melanomas, 82.4% of 85 renal angiomyolipomas as well as 96.4% of 84 neurofibromas, 2.2% of 46 granular cell tumors, 1.0% of 104 schwannomas, and 1.1% of 87 leiomyosarcomas. The cross-reactive antibody 'Melan-A+' (MSVA-901M+) stained 98.1% of the tumors stained by 'Melan-A specific'. In addition, high positivity rates were seen in sex-cord-stroma tumors of the ovary (35.3%-100%) and the testis (86.7%) as well as for adrenocortical neoplasms (76.3%-83.0%). Only nine further tumor groups showed Melan-A+ staining, including five different categories of urothelial carcinomas. Our data provide a comprehensive overview on the staining patterns of specific and cross-reactive Melan-A antibodies. The data demonstrate that both antibodies are highly useful for their specific purpose. It is important for pathologists to distinguish these two Melan-A antibody subtypes for their daily work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Boroojerdi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abdulwahab Bawahab
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doris Höflmeyer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
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4
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Yasunaga Y, Tanaka M, Arita J, Hasegawa K, Ushiku T. ss of ATRX and DAXX in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: association with recurrence risk, cellular phenotype, and heterogeneity. Hum Pathol 2024:S0046-8177(24)00123-0. [PMID: 38909708 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms in terms of biological behavior. This study aims to develop a practical algorithm based on emerging biomarkers, including chromatin-remodeling molecules DAXX/ATRX/H3K36me3, in conjunction with established prognostic factors, such as WHO grade and size. In immunohistochemical analyses, 18 of the 111 (16.2%) primary PanNETs showed DAXX or ATRX loss in a mutually exclusive manner. DAXX/ATRX loss was significantly correlated with higher recurrence risk and better predicted postoperative recurrence than WHO grade. We proposed a novel algorithm for stratifying patients with resectable PanNET into three groups according to recurrence risk: (A) WHO Grade 1 and ≤ 2 cm (very low-risk); for the others, (B) retained DAXX/ATRX (low-risk) and (C) DAXX/ATRX complete/heterogeneous loss (high-risk). Furthermore, we elucidated the intratumoral heterogeneities of PanNETs. Among cases with DAXX or ATRX loss, nine cases demonstrated heterogeneous loss of expression of DAXX/ATRX/H3K36me3. The majority of cases with DAXX/ATRX loss, either homogeneous or heterogeneous loss, showed uniform α-cell-like phenotype (ARX1+/PDX1-). In cases of metastatic or recurrent tumors, the expression pattern was identical to that observed in at least part of the primary tumor. In some instances, the expression pattern differed among different metastatic or recurrent tumors of the same patient. In summary, we propose a clinically useful and practical algorithm for postoperative recurrence risk stratification in PanNETs, by combining DAXX/ATRX status with WHO grade and size. Moreover, our findings highlighted the frequent spatiotemporal heterogeneity of chromatin-remodeling molecule expression in PanNETs with an α-cell phenotype, offering insights into tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Yasunaga
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Billiary-Pancreatic Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Oz O, Tasli FA, Yuzuguldu RI, Zengel B, Cavdar DK, Durak MG, Durusoy R. Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Biomarkers in the Invasive Micropapillary Cancer of the Breast. Int J Breast Cancer 2024; 2024:2350073. [PMID: 38903413 PMCID: PMC11189676 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2350073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is commonly associated with a poor prognosis due to its high incidence of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis (LNM). Our study is aimed at investigating the prognostic significance of the expressions of E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), CD44s, and β-catenin (β-cat). In addition, it is aimed at deciphering the consistency of these markers between the IMPC, the invasive breast carcinoma, no-special type (IBC-NST), and LNM components in the same IMPC cases. Methods: Sixty-two IMPC cases with LNM from 1996 to 2018 were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed separately on the three regions for each patient. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and McNemar's statistical tests. Results: Loss of CD44 expression in IMPC, IBC-NST, and LNM areas was associated with poor prognosis in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.010, p < 0.0005, p = 0.025). Loss of CD44 expression in the IBC-NST, gain of N-cad expression in the IMPC, and loss of β-cat expression in the LNM areas were indicators of poor prognosis in disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.005, p = 0.041, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Our evaluation of this rare subtype, focusing on the expression of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecules, revealed that it shares characteristics with the IBC-NST component within mixed tumors. Notably, contrary to expectations, a reduction in CD44 expression was found to adversely affect both OS and DFS. By conducting staining procedures simultaneously across three regions within the same patient, a novel approach has provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Oz
- Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research HospitalDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Funda Alkan Tasli
- Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research HospitalDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Resmiye Irmak Yuzuguldu
- Faculty of MedicineTraining and Research HospitalDepartments of PathologyMugla Sıtkı Koçman University, Mugla, Türkiye
| | - Baha Zengel
- Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research HospitalDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Demet Kocatepe Cavdar
- Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research HospitalDepartment of PathologyUniversity of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Merih Guray Durak
- Medical FacultyDepartments of PathologyDokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Raika Durusoy
- Department of Public HealthMedical FacultyEge University, Izmir, Türkiye
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6
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Plage H, Furlano K, Neymeyer J, Weinberger S, Gerdes B, Hubatsch M, Ralla B, Franz A, Fendler A, de Martino M, Roßner F, Schallenberg S, Elezkurtaj S, Kluth M, Lennartz M, Blessin NC, Marx AH, Samtleben H, Fisch M, Rink M, Kaczmarek K, Ecke T, Hallmann S, Koch S, Adamini N, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Weischenfeldt J, Klatte T, Schlomm T, Horst D, Zecha H, Slojewski M. CEA (CEACAM5) expression is common in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder but unrelated to the disease course. BJUI COMPASS 2024; 5:585-592. [PMID: 38873357 PMCID: PMC11168773 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell surface glycoprotein that represents a promising therapeutic target. Serum measurement of shedded CEA can be utilized for monitoring of cancer patients. Material and Methods To evaluate the potential clinical significance of CEA expression in urothelial bladder neoplasms, CEA was analysed by immunohistochemistry in more than 2500 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray format. Results CEA staining was largely absent in normal urothelial cells but was observed in 30.4% of urothelial bladder carcinomas including 406 (16.7%) with weak, 140 (5.8%) with moderate, and 192 (7.9%) with strong staining. CEA positivity occurred in 10.9% of 411 pTaG2 low-grade, 32.0% of 178 pTaG2 high-grade, and 43.0% of 93 pTaG3 tumours (p < 0.0001). In 1335 pT2-4 carcinomas, CEA positivity (34.1%) was lower than in pTaG3 tumours. Within pT2-4 carcinomas, CEA staining was unrelated to pT, pN, grade, L-status, V-status, overall survival, recurrence free survival, and cancer specific survival (p > 0.25). Conclusion CEA increases markedly with grade progression in pTa tumours, and expression occurs in a significant fraction of pT2-4 urothelial bladder carcinomas. The high rate of CEA positivity in pT2-4 carcinomas offers the opportunity of using CEA serum measurement for monitoring the clinical course of these cancers. Moreover, CEA positive urothelial carcinomas are candidates for a treatment by targeted anti-CEA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Plage
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Kira Furlano
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Jörg Neymeyer
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Sarah Weinberger
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Benedikt Gerdes
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Mandy Hubatsch
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Antonia Franz
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Annika Fendler
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Michela de Martino
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Roßner
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Niclas C. Blessin
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of PathologyAcademic Hospital FuerthFuerthGermany
| | | | - Margit Fisch
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of UrologyMarienhospital HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Krystian Kaczmarek
- Department of Urology and Urological OncologyPomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecinPoland
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of UrologyHelios Hospital Bad SaarowBad SaarowGermany
| | - Steffen Hallmann
- Department of UrologyHelios Hospital Bad SaarowBad SaarowGermany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of PathologyHelios Hospital Bad SaarowBad SaarowGermany
| | - Nico Adamini
- Department of UrologyAlbertinen HospitalHamburgGermany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center (BRIC)University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Finsen LaboratoryRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of UrologyHelios Hospital Bad SaarowBad SaarowGermany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of PathologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Henrik Zecha
- Department of UrologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of UrologyAlbertinen HospitalHamburgGermany
| | - Marcin Slojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological OncologyPomeranian Medical UniversitySzczecinPoland
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7
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Menz A, Lony N, Lennartz M, Dwertmann Rico S, Schlichter R, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Dum D, Luebke AM, Kluth M, Gorbokon N, Hube-Magg C, Bernreuther C, Simon R, Clauditz TS, Sauter G, Hinsch A, Jacobsen F, Marx AH, Steurer S, Minner S, Burandt E, Krech T, Lebok P, Weidemann S. Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) Expression in Human Tumors: A Comparison with Pan-Cytokeratin and TROP2 in 14,832 Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1044. [PMID: 38786342 PMCID: PMC11120328 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
EpCAM is expressed in many epithelial tumors and is used for the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas from adenocarcinomas and as a surrogate pan-epithelial marker. A tissue microarray containing 14,832 samples from 120 different tumor categories was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. EpCAM staining was compared with TROP2 and CKpan. EpCAM staining was detectable in 99 tumor categories. Among 78 epithelial tumor types, the EpCAM positivity rate was ≥90% in 60 categories-including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine neoplasms, and germ cell tumors. EpCAM staining was the lowest in hepatocellular carcinomas, adrenocortical tumors, renal cell neoplasms, and in poorly differentiated carcinomas. A comparison of EpCAM and CKpan staining identified a high concordance but EpCAM was higher in testicular seminomas and neuroendocrine neoplasms and CKpan in hepatocellular carcinomas, mesotheliomas, and poorly differentiated non-neuroendocrine tumors. A comparison of EpCAM and TROP2 revealed a higher rate of TROP2 positivity in squamous cell carcinomas and lower rates in many gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, testicular germ cell tumors, neuroendocrine neoplasms, and renal cell tumors. These data confirm EpCAM as a surrogate epithelial marker for adenocarcinomas and its diagnostic utility for the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas. In comparison to CKpan and TROP2 antibodies, EpCAM staining is particularly common in seminomas and in neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Nora Lony
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Andreas M. Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany;
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (A.M.); (N.L.); (M.L.); (S.D.R.); (R.S.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (D.D.); (A.M.L.); (M.K.); (N.G.); (C.H.-M.); (C.B.); (T.S.C.); (G.S.); (A.H.); (F.J.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (E.B.); (T.K.); (P.L.); (S.W.)
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8
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Ali HR, West RB. Spatial Biology of Breast Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041335. [PMID: 38110242 PMCID: PMC11065165 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Spatial findings have shaped on our understanding of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss how spatial methods, including spatial transcriptomics and proteomics and the resultant understanding of spatial relationships, have contributed to concepts regarding cancer progression and treatment. In addition to discussing traditional approaches, we examine how emerging multiplex imaging technologies have contributed to the field and how they might influence future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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9
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Dulken BW, Kingsley L, Zdravkovic S, Cespedes O, Qian X, Suster DI, Charville GW. CHRNA6 RNA In Situ Hybridization Is a Useful Tool for the Diagnosis of Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100464. [PMID: 38447752 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm characteristically composed of uniform-appearing round to spindle-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and abundant myxoid extracellular matrix. Although the majority of cases harbor a pathognomonic t(9;22) translocation that fuses EWSR1 with the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3, there are less common variants that partner NR4A3 with TAF15, TCF12, or TFG. By immunohistochemistry, EMC has features of both cartilaginous and neuroendocrine differentiation, as evidenced by inconsistent expression of S100 protein and synaptophysin or INSM1, respectively, in a subset of cases. Given the limitations of available immunohistochemical stains for the diagnosis of EMC, we analyzed genome-wide gene expression microarray data to identify candidate biomarkers based on differential expression in EMC in comparison with other mesenchymal neoplasms. This analysis pointed to CHRNA6 as the gene with the highest relative expression in EMC (96-fold; P = 8.2 × 10-26) and the only gene with >50-fold increased expression in EMC compared with other tumors. Using RNA chromogenic in situ hybridization, we observed strong and diffuse expression of CHRNA6 in 25 cases of EMC, including both EWSR1-rearranged and TAF15-rearranged variants. All examined cases of histologic mimics were negative for CHRNA6 overexpression; however, limited CHRNA6 expression, not reaching a threshold of >5 puncta or 1 aggregate of chromogen in >25% of cells, was observed in 69 of 685 mimics (10.1%), spanning an array of mesenchymal tumors. Taken together, these findings suggest that, with careful interpretation and the use of appropriate thresholds, CHRNA6 RNA chromogenic in situ hybridization is a potentially useful ancillary histologic tool for the diagnosis of EMC.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Chondrosarcoma/genetics
- Chondrosarcoma/pathology
- Chondrosarcoma/diagnosis
- Chondrosarcoma/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue/genetics
- Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue/pathology
- Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue/diagnosis
- Female
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Aged
- In Situ Hybridization/methods
- Adult
- Receptors, Nicotinic/genetics
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Connective Tissue/genetics
- Neoplasms, Connective Tissue/pathology
- Neoplasms, Connective Tissue/diagnosis
- Aged, 80 and over
- Immunohistochemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben W Dulken
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leandra Kingsley
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sabrina Zdravkovic
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David I Suster
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, New Jersey
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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10
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Plage H, Furlano K, Hofbauer S, Weinberger S, Ralla B, Franz A, Fendler A, de Martino M, Roßner F, Elezkurtaj S, Kluth M, Lennartz M, Blessin NC, Marx AH, Samtleben H, Fisch M, Rink M, Slojewski M, Kaczmarek K, Ecke T, Hallmann S, Koch S, Adamini N, Zecha H, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Weischenfeldt J, Klatte T, Schlomm T, Horst D, Schallenberg S. PD-L1 expression in tumor and inflammatory cells is associated with favorable tumor features and favorable prognosis in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder not treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors. BMC Urol 2024; 24:96. [PMID: 38658905 PMCID: PMC11041044 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high level of PD-L1 expression is the most relevant predictive parameter for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in urinary bladder cancer. Existing data on the relationship between PD-L1 expression and the natural course of disease are controversial and sparse. METHODS To expand our understanding of the relationship between PD-L1 expression and parameters of cancer aggressiveness, PD-L1 was analyzed on tissue microarrays containing 2710 urothelial bladder carcinomas including 512 patients with follow-up data who underwent radical cystectomy and follow-up therapies in the pre-immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy era. RESULTS Tumor cell positivity in ≥10% of cells were seen in 513 (20%) and an immune cell positivity occurred in 872 (34%) of 2566 interpretable cancers. PD-L1 positivity in tumor cells increased from pTaG2 low grade (0.9% positive) to pTaG3 high grade (4.1%; p = 0.0255) and was even higher in muscle-invasive (pT2-4) carcinomas (29.3%; p < 0.0001). However, within pT2-4 carcinomas, PD-L1 positivity was linked to low pT stage (p = 0.0028), pN0 (p < 0.0001), L0 status (p = 0.0005), and a better prognosis within 512 patients with cystectomy who never received CPIs (p = 0.0073 for tumor cells and p = 0.0086 for inflammatory cells). PD-L1 staining in inflammatory cells was significantly linked to PD-L1 staining in tumor cells (p < 0.0001) and both were linked to a positive p53 immunostaining (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION It cannot be fully excluded that the strong statistical link between PD-L1 status and favorable histological tumor features as well as better prognosis could influence the outcome of studies evaluating CPIs in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Plage
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kira Furlano
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofbauer
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Weinberger
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Franz
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Fendler
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Roßner
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Henrik Samtleben
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, Marienhospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Slojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krystian Kaczmarek
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Steffen Hallmann
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Pathology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Nico Adamini
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Zecha
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Grass JK, Grupp K, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Simon R, Kemper M, Izbicki JR, Sauter G, Melling N. CD10 Expression Correlates with Earlier Tumour Stages and Left-Sided Tumour Location in Colorectal Cancer but Has No Prognostic Impact in a European Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1473. [PMID: 38672555 PMCID: PMC11047823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of CD10 expression in colorectal cancer has been controversially discussed in the literature. Some data suggest a predictive capacity for lymph node and liver metastases, thus influencing overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). This study aims to analyse the relationship between CD10 expression and overall survival (OS) in a European cohort. To determine the association of CD10 expression with tumour phenotype, molecular features, and prognosis, a tissue microarray of 1469 colorectal carcinomas was analysed using immunohistochemistry and was compared with matched clinicopathologic data. CD10 expression correlated with earlier tumour stages (p = 0.017) and left-sided colon cancer (p < 0.001). However, no correlation was found between CD10 expression and lymph node involvement (p = 0.711), tumour grading (p = 0.397), or overall survival (p = 0.562). Even in the subgroup analysis of tumour or nodal stage, CD10 did not affect overall survival, although it was significantly associated with p53 and nuclear β-catenin expression (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively). CD10 expression correlates with earlier tumour stages, colon cancer location, and indicators of aggressive CRC subtypes. However, we can exclude CD10 as a relevant independent prognosticator for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Kristin Grass
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.R.I.); (N.M.)
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martina Kluth
- Department of Pathology with Sections Molecular Pathology and Cytopathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Department of Pathology with Sections Molecular Pathology and Cytopathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Ronald Simon
- Department of Pathology with Sections Molecular Pathology and Cytopathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Marius Kemper
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.R.I.); (N.M.)
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.R.I.); (N.M.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology with Sections Molecular Pathology and Cytopathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (C.H.-M.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.); (J.R.I.); (N.M.)
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12
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Jacobsen F, Pushpadevan R, Viehweger F, Freytag M, Schlichter R, Gorbokon N, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Putri D, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Sauter G, Minner S, Steurer S, Simon R, Burandt E, Dum D, Lutz F, Marx AH, Krech T, Clauditz TS. Cadherin-17 (CDH17) expression in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,131 tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155175. [PMID: 38452580 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a membranous cell adhesion protein predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CDH17 is therefore considered a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target. This study was to comprehensively determine the expression of CDH17 in cancer and to further assess the diagnostic utility of CDH17 immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray containing 14,948 interpretable samples from 150 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by IHC. In normal tissues, a membranous CDH17 staining was predominantly seen in the epithelium of the intestine and pancreatic excretory ducts. In tumors, 53 of 150 analyzed categories showed CDH17 positivity including 26 categories with at least one strongly positive case. CDH17 positivity was most common in epithelial and neuroendocrine colorectal neoplasms (50.0%-100%), other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (42.7%-61.6%), mucinous ovarian cancer (61.1%), pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (28.6%), cervical adenocarcinoma (52.6%), bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (40.5-69.8%), and other neuroendocrine neoplasms (5.6%-100%). OnIy 9.9% of 182 pulmonary adenocarcinomas were CDH17 positive. In colorectal adenocarcinomas, reduced CDH17 staining was linked to high pT (p = 0.0147), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0041), V1 (p = 0.0025), L1 (p = 0.0054), location in the right colon (p = 0.0033), and microsatellite instability (p < 0.0001). The CDH17 expression level was unrelated to tumor phenotype in gastric and pancreatic cancer. In summary, our comprehensive overview on CDH17 expression in human tumors identified various tumor entities that might often benefit from anti-CDH17 therapies and suggest utility of CDH17 IHC for the distinction of metastatic gastrointestinal or bilio-pancreatic adenocarcinomas (often positive) from primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas (mostly negative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramesh Pushpadevan
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Morton Freytag
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Schlichter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Devita Putri
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Lennartz M, Benjamin Dünnebier N, Höflmayer D, Dwertmann Rico S, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Lutz F, Fraune C, Gorbokon N, Luebke AM, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Menz A, Uhlig R, Krech T, Hinsch A, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Kluth M, Steurer S, Marx AH, Lebok P, Dum D, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Bernreuther C. GAD2 Is a Highly Specific Marker for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:377-386. [PMID: 38271200 PMCID: PMC10930383 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter and plays a role in insulin-producing β cells of pancreatic islets. The limitation of GAD2 expression to a few normal cell types makes GAD2 a potential immunohistochemical diagnostic marker. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of GAD2 immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 19,202 samples from 152 different tumor entities and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed. In normal tissues, GAD2 staining was restricted to brain and pancreatic islet cells. GAD2 staining was seen in 20 (13.2%) of 152 tumor categories, including 5 (3.3%) tumor categories containing at least 1 strongly positive case. GAD2 immunostaining was most commonly seen in neuroendocrine carcinomas (58.3%) and neuroendocrine tumors (63.2%) of the pancreas, followed by granular cell tumors (37.0%) and neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (11.1%). GAD2 was only occasionally (<10% of cases) seen in 16 other tumor entities including paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Data on GAD2 and progesterone receptor (PR) expression (from a previous study) were available for 95 pancreatic and 380 extrapancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. For determining a pancreatic origin of a neuroendocrine neoplasm, the sensitivity of GAD2 was 64.2% and specificity 96.3%, while the sensitivity of PR was 56.8% and specificity 92.6%. The combination of PR and GAD2 increased both sensitivity and specificity. GAD2 immunohistochemistry is a highly useful diagnostic tool for the identification of pancreatic origin in case of neuroendocrine neoplasms with unknown site of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | | | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | | | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Andreas M. Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
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14
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Ali GS, Yaqo RT, Abdullah MA. Clinicopathological Implications of Mismatch Repair Status in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer in Duhok City. Cureus 2024; 16:e56861. [PMID: 38659537 PMCID: PMC11040277 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a specialized system that corrects errors in DNA replication, namely, base substitution mismatches and minor insertion-deletion mismatches. The deficient mismatch repair (d-MMR) protein plays a vital role in predicting the prognosis of endometrioid carcinoma. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of MMR errors in endometrial cancer (EC) and their correlation with clinicopathological features. METHODS We examined the immunohistochemistry presence of four MMR proteins in 50 samples of EC tissues that were preserved in formalin and embedded in paraffin. The proteins identified were MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), post-meiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2), MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), and MutS homolog 6 (MSH6). The study examined several clinicopathological characteristics and conducted MMR phenotyping. RESULTS The findings revealed that among the 50 cases of EC, 40% of patients had grade I disease and 78% had stage I malignancy. Furthermore, among the 50 individuals evaluated, 56% exhibited competence in MMR, whereas 44% displayed loss in nuclear expression of MMR. The rate of MLH1 and PMS2 protein loss was recorded as the greatest, at 18%, while the loss of MSH2 and MSH6 was documented at 6%. Within the same range, the majority of patients with d-MMR were above the age of 50 years. CONCLUSION The majority of the recruited EC patients in this study showed advanced age and a high percentage of d-MMR status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorbat S Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Rafil T Yaqo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
| | - Mahdi A Abdullah
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Veterinary, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ
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15
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Nishikawa S, Menju T, Takahashi K, Sowa T, Yoshizawa A, Date H. The impact of vascular division sequence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition status on postoperative recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2024; 32:123-132. [PMID: 38254290 DOI: 10.1177/02184923241226468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular division sequence in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lung resection is usually determined by the handling difficulty due to the limited surgical view through the scope. However, upfront pulmonary vein division is theoretically desirable to avoid tumor cells spreading by surgical manipulation. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with poor prognosis and an increased number of circulating tumor cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of vascular division sequence and EMT on postoperative recurrence. METHODS We retrospectively investigated tissue microarrays of 282 lung adenocarcinomas surgically resected between 2001 and 2007. We excluded the cases with segmentectomy, wedge resection, dissemination, insufficient material for staining, or lack of medical records. The effect of vascular division sequence and clinicopathologic factors on recurrence was evaluated in 195 cases. RESULTS The upfront pulmonary vein division (V-first) was performed in 60 patients, and the upfront pulmonary artery division (A-first) was performed in 135 patients. The recurrence was observed in 67 patients (13 in V-first and 54 in A-first). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition activation was observed in 104 patients. Multivariable analysis with 195 patients revealed that lymph node metastasis and pleural invasion were risk factors for the recurrence. The stratified multivariable analysis showed that vascular division sequence (A-first) was a risk factor only in the EMT-negative group (91 patients). In the EMT-negative subset, the 5-year relapse-free survival rate was significantly lower in the A-first group than the V-first group (72.6% vs. 92.2%, p = 0.0136). CONCLUSIONS The upfront pulmonary artery division might be a risk factor in patients without EMT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeto Nishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Terumasa Sowa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Pytlarz M, Wojnicki K, Pilanc P, Kaminska B, Crimi A. Deep Learning Glioma Grading with the Tumor Microenvironment Analysis Protocol for Comprehensive Learning, Discovering, and Quantifying Microenvironmental Features. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024:10.1007/s10278-024-01008-x. [PMID: 38413460 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are primary brain tumors that arise from neural stem cells, or glial precursors. Diagnosis of glioma is based on histological evaluation of pathological cell features and molecular markers. Gliomas are infiltrated by myeloid cells that accumulate preferentially in malignant tumors, and their abundance inversely correlates with survival, which is of interest for cancer immunotherapies. To avoid time-consuming and laborious manual examination of images, a deep learning approach for automatic multiclass classification of tumor grades was proposed. As an alternative way of investigating characteristics of brain tumor grades, we implemented a protocol for learning, discovering, and quantifying tumor microenvironment elements on our glioma dataset. Using only single-stained biopsies we derived characteristic differentiating tumor microenvironment phenotypic neighborhoods. The study was complicated by the small size of the available human leukocyte antigen stained on glioma tissue microarray dataset - 206 images of 5 classes - as well as imbalanced data distribution. This challenge was addressed by image augmentation for underrepresented classes. In practice, we considered two scenarios, a whole slide supervised learning classification, and an unsupervised cell-to-cell analysis looking for patterns of the microenvironment. In the supervised learning investigation, we evaluated 6 distinct model architectures. Experiments revealed that a DenseNet121 architecture surpasses the baseline's accuracy by a significant margin of 9% for the test set, achieving a score of 69%, increasing accuracy in discerning challenging WHO grade 2 and 3 cases. All experiments have been carried out in a cross-validation manner. The tumor microenvironment analysis suggested an important role for myeloid cells and their accumulation in the context of characterizing glioma grades. Those promising approaches can be used as an additional diagnostic tool to improve assessment during intraoperative examination or subtyping tissues for treatment selection, potentially easing the workflow of pathologists and oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pytlarz
- Sano - Centre for Computational Personalised Medicine, Czarnowiejska 36, Kraków, 30-054, Poland.
| | - K Wojnicki
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warszawa, 02-093, Poland
| | - P Pilanc
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warszawa, 02-093, Poland
| | - B Kaminska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warszawa, 02-093, Poland
| | - A Crimi
- Sano - Centre for Computational Personalised Medicine, Czarnowiejska 36, Kraków, 30-054, Poland
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17
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Kaczmarek K, Plage H, Furlano K, Hofbauer S, Weinberger S, Ralla B, Franz A, Fendler A, de Martino M, Roßner F, Schallenberg S, Elezkurtaj S, Kluth M, Lennartz M, Blessin NC, Marx AH, Samtleben H, Fisch M, Rink M, Slojewski M, Ecke T, Hallmann S, Koch S, Adamini N, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Weischenfeldt J, Klatte T, Schlomm T, Horst D, Zecha H. Loss of Upk1a and Upk1b expression is linked to stage progression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:499-508. [PMID: 37777995 PMCID: PMC10808463 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uroplakin-1a (Upk1a) and uroplakin-1b (Upk1b) have recently been identified as diagnostic markers for the distinction of urothelial carcinomas from other solid tumor entities. Both proteins play an important role in the stabilization and strengthening of epithelial cells that line the bladder. METHODS To evaluate the prognostic role of uroplakin expression in urothelial carcinomas, more than 2700 urothelial neoplasms were analyzed in a tissue microarray format by immunohistochemistry. To further assess the diagnostic role of uroplakin immunohistochemistry, results were compared with preexisting GATA3 data. RESULT The fraction of Upk1a/Upk1b positive cases decreased slightly from pTaG2 low-grade (88% positive for Upk1a/87% positive for Upk1b) and pTaG2 high-grade (92%/89%) to pTaG3 (83%/88%; p > 0.05) and was lower in muscle-invasive (pT2-4) carcinomas (42%/64%; p < 0.0001/p < 0.0001 for pTa vs. pT2-4). Within pT2-4 carcinomas, high expression of Upk1a and Upk1b was linked to nodal metastasis and lymphatic vessel infiltration (p < 0.05) but unrelated to patient outcome. There were significant associations between Upk1a, Upk1b and GATA3 immunostaining (p < 0.0001 each), but 11% of GATA3 negative cancers were Upk1a/b positive and 8% of Upk1a/b negative cancers were GATA3 positive. Absence of GATA3/Upk1a/b staining was significantly linked to poor patient survival in the subgroup of 126 pT4 carcinomas (p = 0.0004) but not in pT2 and pT3 cancers. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the results of our study demonstrate that Upk1a and/or Upk1b immunohistochemistry can complement GATA3 for the distinction of urothelial carcinomas. Furthermore, a progressive loss of Upk1a/b expression during stage progression and a prognostic role of the combination GATA3/Upk1a/Upk1b in pT4 carcinomas is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Kaczmarek
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Henning Plage
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kira Furlano
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hofbauer
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Weinberger
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonia Franz
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Fendler
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Roßner
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Henrik Samtleben
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, Marienhospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Slojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Steffen Hallmann
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Pathology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Nico Adamini
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Zecha
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Möller K, Uhlig R, Gorbokon N, Dum D, Menz A, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Lebok P, Weidemann S, Lennartz M, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Steurer S, Burandt E, Krech R, Krech T, Marx AH, Sauter G, Simon R, Bernreuther C, Minner S. Comparison of INSM1 immunostaining with established neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin and chromogranin A in over 14,000 neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 581:112106. [PMID: 37951531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INSM1 is a transcription factor protein which is increasingly used as an immunohistochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation. To determine the prevalence of INSM1 expression in tumors and its expression pattern in normal tissues, tissue microarrays containing 14,908 samples from 117 different tumor types/subtypes as well as 76 different normal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. INSM1 was positive in 89.2% of 471 neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and in 3.5% of 11,815 non-neuroendocrine neoplasms that were successfully analyzed. At least an occasional weak INSM1 positivity was observed in 59 different non-neuroendocrine tumor entities, of which 15 entities contained at least one case with strong INSM1 staining. A comparison with synaptophysin and chromogranin A staining revealed that in NEN, synaptophysin showed the highest sensitivity (93.3%), followed by INSM1 (89.2%) and chromogranin A (87.5%). In neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC), sensitivity was highest for INSM1 (88.0%), followed by synaptophysin (86.5%) and chromogranin A (66.4%). If INSM1 was used as an additional marker, the sensitivity for detecting neuroendocrine differentiation in NEN increased from 96.6% (synaptophysin and chromogranin A) to 97.2% (synaptophysin, chromogranin A and INSM1). Our study shows that INSM1 is a useful additional marker for neuroendocrine differentiation with high sensitivity, particularly in NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Müller JH, Plage H, Elezkurtaj S, Mandelkow T, Huang Z, Lurati MCJ, Raedler JB, Debatin NF, Vettorazzi E, Samtleben H, Hofbauer S, Furlano K, Neymeyer J, Goranova I, Ralla B, Weinberger S, Horst D, Roßner F, Schallenberg S, Marx AH, Fisch M, Rink M, Slojewski M, Kaczmarek K, Ecke T, Hallmann S, Koch S, Adamini N, Lennartz M, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Zecha H, Schlomm T, Bady E. Loss of TROP2 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule expression is linked to grade progression in pTa but unrelated to disease outcome in pT2-4 urothelial bladder carcinomas. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1342367. [PMID: 38282671 PMCID: PMC10811247 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1342367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2; EpCAM2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is closely related to EpCAM (EpCAM; EpCAM1). Both proteins share partial overlapping functions in epithelial development and EpCAM expression but have not been comparatively analyzed together in bladder carcinomas. TROP2 constitutes the target for the antibody-drug conjugate Sacituzumab govitecan (SG; TrodelvyTM) which has been approved for treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma by the United States Food and Drug administration (FDA) irrespective of its TROP2 expression status. Methods To evaluate the potential clinical significance of subtle differences in TROP2 and EpCAM expression in urothelial bladder cancer, both proteins were analyzed by multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry in combination with a deep-learning based algorithm for automated cell detection on more than 2,700 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray (TMA) format. Results The staining pattern of TROP2 and EpCAM were highly similar. For both proteins, the staining intensity gradually decreased from pTa G2 low grade (TROP2: 68.8±36.1; EpCAM: 21.5±11.7) to pTa G2 high grade (64.6±38.0; 19.3±12.2) and pTa G3 (52.1±38.7; 16.0±13.0, p<0.001 each). In pT2-4 carcinomas, the average TROP2 and EpCAM staining intensity was intermediate (61.8±40.9; 18.3±12.3). For both proteins, this was significantly lower than in pTa G2 low grade (p<0.001 each) but also higher than in pTa G3 tumors (p=0.022 for TROP2, p=0.071 for EpCAM). Within pT2-4 carcinomas, the TROP2 and EpCAM staining level was unrelated to pT, grade, UICC-category, and overall or tumor-specific patient survival. The ratio TROP2/EpCAM was unrelated to malignant phenotype and patient prognosis. Conclusion Our data show that TROP2 and EpCAM expression is common and highly interrelated in urothelial neoplasms. Despite of a progressive loss of TROP2/EpCAM during tumor cell dedifferentiation in pTa tumors, the lack of associations with clinicopathological parameters in pT2-4 cancer argues against a major cancer driving role of both proteins for the progression of urothelial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H. Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Plage
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tim Mandelkow
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhihao Huang
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Magalie C. J. Lurati
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas B. Raedler
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Fürth, Germany
| | - Nicolaus F. Debatin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Kira Furlano
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Neymeyer
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - David Horst
- Insitute of Pathology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Slojewski
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Stettin, Stettin, Poland
| | | | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Steffen Hallmann
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Pathology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Nico Adamini
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Zecha
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Elena Bady
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Elfving H, Thurfjell V, Mattsson JSM, Backman M, Strell C, Micke P. Tumor Heterogeneity Confounds Lymphocyte Metrics in Diagnostic Lung Cancer Biopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:e18-e24. [PMID: 37382890 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0327-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The immune microenvironment is involved in fundamental aspects of tumorigenesis, and immune scores are now being developed for clinical diagnostics. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate how well small diagnostic biopsies and tissue microarrays (TMAs) reflect immune cell infiltration compared to the whole tumor slide, in tissue from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. DESIGN.— A TMA was constructed comprising tissue from surgical resection specimens of 58 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, with available preoperative biopsy material. Whole sections, biopsies, and TMA were stained for the pan-T lymphocyte marker CD3 to determine densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immune cell infiltration was assessed semiquantitatively as well as objectively with a microscopic grid count. For 19 of the cases, RNA sequencing data were available. RESULTS.— The semiquantitative comparison of immune cell infiltration between the whole section and the biopsy displayed fair agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.29; P = .01; CI, 0.03-0.51). In contrast, the TMA showed substantial agreement compared with the whole slide (ICC, 0.64; P < .001; CI, 0.39-0.79). The grid-based method did not enhance the agreement between the different tissue materials. The comparison of CD3 RNA sequencing data with CD3 cell annotations confirmed the poor representativity of biopsies as well as the stronger correlation for the TMA cores. CONCLUSIONS.— Although overall lymphocyte infiltration is relatively well represented on TMAs, the representativity in diagnostic lung cancer biopsies is poor. This finding challenges the concept of using biopsies to establish immune scores as prognostic or predictive biomarkers for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Elfving
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Thurfjell
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Max Backman
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Strell
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Al Shboul S, Boyle S, Singh A, Saleh T, Alrjoub M, Abu Al Karsaneh O, Mryyian A, Dawoud R, Gul S, Abu Baker S, Ball K, Hupp T, Brennan PM. FISH analysis reveals CDKN2A and IFNA14 co-deletion is heterogeneous and is a prominent feature of glioblastoma. Brain Tumor Pathol 2024; 41:4-17. [PMID: 38097874 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-023-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Deletion of CDKN2A occurs in 50% of glioblastomas (GBM), and IFNA locus deletion in 25%. These genes reside closely on chromosome 9. We investigated whether CDKN2A and IFNA were co-deleted within the same heterogeneous tumour and their prognostic implications. We assessed CDKN2A and IFNA14 deletions in 45 glioma samples using an in-house three-colour FISH probe. We examined the correlation between p16INK4a protein expression (via IHC) and CDKN2A deletion along with the impact of these genomic events on patient survival. FISH analyses demonstrated that grades II and III had either wildtype (wt) or amplified CDKN2A/IFNA14, whilst 44% of GBMs harboured homozygous deletions of both genes. Cores with CDKN2A homozygous deletion (n = 11) were negative for p16INK4a. Twenty p16INK4a positive samples lacked CDKN2A deletion with some of cells showing negative p16INK4a. There was heterogeneity in IFNA14/CDKN2A ploidy within each GBM. Survival analyses of primary GBMs suggested a positive association between increased p16INK4a and longer survival; this persisted when considering CDKN2A/IFNA14 status. Furthermore, wt (intact) CDKN2A/IFNA14 were found to be associated with longer survival in recurrent GBMs. Our data suggest that co-deletion of CDKN2A/IFNA14 in GBM negatively correlates with survival and CDKN2A-wt status correlated with longer survival, and with second surgery, itself a marker for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Al Shboul
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Shelagh Boyle
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ashita Singh
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Moath Alrjoub
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ola Abu Al Karsaneh
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Amel Mryyian
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Rand Dawoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Sinem Gul
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Shaden Abu Baker
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Kathryn Ball
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK
| | - Ted Hupp
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland, UK.
| | - Paul M Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Translational Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland, UK.
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22
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Yokoyama S, Matsuo K, Tanimoto A. Methylation-Specific Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2763:259-268. [PMID: 38347417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3670-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Methylation of CpG sites in the promoter region of genomic DNA is an important epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in gene regulation, particularly in gene silencing. Epigenetic abnormalities, along with genetic alterations, are implicated in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Numerous studies have investigated the role of epigenetics in cancer using various tools to assess DNA methylation. However, conventional analysis methods for DNA methylation require a large amount of DNA but lack higher sensitivity, making them unsuitable for analysis of samples with high heterogeneity, such as tumor tissues. In this study, we introduce a novel electrophoresis method named "methylation-specific electrophoresis (MSE)," which utilizes a denaturing gradient acrylamide gel. We demonstrate the applicability of the MSE method for DNA methylation analysis of the mucin gene as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Kei Matsuo
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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23
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Duangdara J, Boonsri B, Sayinta A, Supradit K, Thintharua P, Kumkate S, Suriyonplengsaeng C, Larbcharoensub N, Mingphruedhi S, Rungsakulkij N, Muangkaew P, Tangtawee P, Vassanasiri W, Suragul W, Janvilisri T, Tohtong R, Bates DO, Wongprasert K. CP-673451, a Selective Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis in Opisthorchis viverrini-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma via Nrf2 Suppression and Enhanced ROS. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:9. [PMID: 38275995 PMCID: PMC10821224 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) play essential roles in promoting cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell survival by mediating paracrine crosstalk between tumor and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), indicating the potential of PDGFR as a target for CCA treatment. Clinical trials evaluating PDGFR inhibitors for CCA treatment have shown limited efficacy. Furthermore, little is known about the role of PDGF/PDGFR expression and the mechanism underlying PDGFR inhibitors in CCA related to Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). Therefore, we examined the effect of PDGFR inhibitors in OV-related CCA cells and investigated the molecular mechanism involved. We found that the PDGF and PDGFR mRNAs were overexpressed in CCA tissues compared to resection margins. Notably, PDGFR-α showed high expression in CCA cells, while PDGFR-β was predominantly expressed in CAFs. The selective inhibitor CP-673451 induced CCA cell death by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway, leading to a decreased expression of Nrf2-targeted antioxidant genes. Consequently, this led to an increase in ROS levels and the promotion of CCA apoptosis. CP-673451 is a promising PDGFR-targeted drug for CCA and supports the further clinical investigation of CP-673451 for CCA treatment, particularly in the context of OV-related cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchutha Duangdara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Boonyakorn Boonsri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Apinya Sayinta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
- Division of Basic and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Pathumthani University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Supradit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Thintharua
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute (CNMI), Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Supeecha Kumkate
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chinnawut Suriyonplengsaeng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
| | - Noppadol Larbcharoensub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Somkit Mingphruedhi
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Narongsak Rungsakulkij
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Paramin Muangkaew
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Pongsatorn Tangtawee
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Watoo Vassanasiri
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Wikran Suragul
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Division, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (S.M.); (W.V.); (W.S.)
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Rutaiwan Tohtong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - David O. Bates
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.D.); (B.B.); (K.S.); (P.T.)
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24
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Hasnaoui A, Helal I, Ben Azouz Z, Hmidi A, Jouini R, Chadli-Debbiche A. A dataset of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer patients using limited resources. Database (Oxford) 2023; 2023:0. [PMID: 38104276 PMCID: PMC10725308 DOI: 10.1093/database/baad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer research, specifically focusing on colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), a novel diagnostic test referred to as 'Immunoscore' (IS) has emerged. This test relies on assessing the density of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, specifically CD3 and CD8, in both the centre of the tumour (CT) and its invasive margin (IM). IS holds promise as a potential prognostic factor. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted within the Pathology Department of Habib Thameur Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia. The study's aim was to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of IS for patients with CRC by means of a comprehensive survival analysis. This publication introduces the immunoscore in colorectal cancer (ISCRC) dataset, which was meticulously compiled during the aforementioned study. The ISCRC dataset comprises digital slide images sourced from biopsies of 104 patients diagnosed with CRC. Using the tissue microarray technique, an immunohistochemical investigation involving anti-CD3 and anti-CD8 markers was performed in regions designated as 'Hot Spots' within the CT and IM. The images were captured using a smartphone camera. Each marker's percentage presence within its respective region was quantified. The IS was estimated utilizing a semi-quantitative method. The ISCRC dataset encompasses anonymized personal data, along with macroscopic and microscopic attributes. The captured images, acquired through manual efforts using smartphones, stand as a valuable asset for the advancement of predictive algorithms Importantly, the potential applications of these models extend beyond mere prediction capabilities. They lay the groundwork for innovative mobile applications that could potentially revolutionize the practices of pathologists, particularly in healthcare settings constrained by resources and the absence of specialized scanning equipment. Database URL: https://figshare.com/s/5b4fa3e58c247a4851d4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hasnaoui
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Rue Djebal Lakhdar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Signals and Smart Systems Lab L3S, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached B.P. n° 94 - ROMMANA, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Imen Helal
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Rue Djebal Lakhdar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Rue Ali Ben Ayed Montfleury, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Zouhour Ben Azouz
- Signals and Smart Systems Lab L3S, National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Campus Universitaire Farhat Hached B.P. n° 94 - ROMMANA, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Amira Hmidi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Rue Djebal Lakhdar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Rue Ali Ben Ayed Montfleury, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Raja Jouini
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Rue Djebal Lakhdar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Rue Ali Ben Ayed Montfleury, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
| | - Aschraf Chadli-Debbiche
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Rue Djebal Lakhdar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Rue Ali Ben Ayed Montfleury, Tunis 1008, Tunisia
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25
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Alshamrani K, Alshamrani HA, Alqahtani FF, Alshehri AH, Althaiban SH. Generative and Discriminative Learning for Lung X-Ray Analysis Based on Probabilistic Component Analysis. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:4039-4051. [PMID: 38116305 PMCID: PMC10728308 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s437445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The paper presents a hybrid generative/discriminative classification method aimed at identifying abnormalities, such as cancer, in lung X-ray images. Methods The proposed method involves a generative model that performs generative embedding in Probabilistic Component Analysis (PrCA). The primary goal of PrCA is to model co-existing information within a probabilistic framework, with the intent to locate the feature vector space for X-ray data based on a defined kernel structure. A kernel-based classifier, grounded in information-theoretic principles, was employed in this study. Results The performance of the proposed method is evaluated against nearest neighbour (NN) classifiers and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, which use a diagonal covariance matrix and incorporate normal linear and non-linear kernels, respectively. Discussion The method is found to achieve superior accuracy, offering a viable solution to the class of problems presented. Accuracy rates achieved by the kernels in the NN and SVM models were 95.02% and 92.45%, respectively, suggesting the method's competitiveness with state-of-the-art approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf Alshamrani
- Radiological Science Department, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Oncology and Metabolism Department, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - F F Alqahtani
- Radiological Science Department, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alshehri
- Radiological Science Department, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Huang H, Liu H, Ma W, Qin L, Chen L, Guo H, Xu H, Li J, Yang C, Hu H, Wu R, Chen D, Feng J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wang X. High-throughput MALDI-MSI metabolite analysis of plant tissue microarrays. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2574-2584. [PMID: 37561662 PMCID: PMC10651148 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel metabolomics analysis technique, termed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging-based plant tissue microarray (MALDI-MSI-PTMA), was successfully developed for high-throughput metabolite detection and imaging from plant tissues. This technique completely overcomes the disadvantage that metabolites cannot be accessible on an intact plant tissue due to the limitations of the special structures of plant cells (e.g. epicuticular wax, cuticle and cell wall) through homogenization of plant tissues, preparation of PTMA moulds and matrix spraying of PTMA sections. Our study shows several properties of MALDI-MSI-PTMA, including no need of sample separation and enrichment, high-throughput metabolite detection and imaging (>1000 samples per day), high-stability mass spectrometry data acquisition and imaging reconstruction and high reproducibility of data. This novel technique was successfully used to quickly evaluate the effects of two plant growth regulator treatments (i.e. 6-benzylaminopurine and N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) on endogenous metabolite expression in plant tissue culture specimens of Dracocephalum rupestre Hance (D. rupestre). Intra-day and inter-day evaluations indicated that the metabolite data detected on PTMA sections had good reproducibility and stability. A total of 312 metabolite ion signals in leaves tissues of D. rupestre were detected, of which 228 metabolite ion signals were identified, they were composed of 122 primary metabolites, 90 secondary metabolites and 16 identified metabolites of unknown classification. The results demonstrated the advantages of MALDI-MSI-PTMA technique for enhancing the overall detection ability of metabolites in plant tissues, indicating that MALDI-MSI-PTMA has the potential to become a powerful routine practice for high-throughput metabolite study in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Huang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Weiwei Ma
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Liang Qin
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jinrong Li
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Difan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
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Wu JB, Li XJ, Liu H, Liu YJ, Liu XP. Association of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations with clinicopathological features, prognosis and ring finger protein 215 expression in patients with colorectal cancer. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:104. [PMID: 38025833 PMCID: PMC10646763 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationships of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA gene mutations with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patient are lacking. Furthermore, the role of ring finger protein 215 (RNF215) in CRC patients with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations remains unclear. In the present study, 182 surgical resection specimens from patients with primary CRC for retrospective analysis, were collected. KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA gene mutations were confirmed by an amplification-refractory mutation system. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to confirm KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA protein expression. RNF215 expression in patients with CRC was evaluated using TIMER 2.0 database and IHC. The individual mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were 40.7% (74/182), 4.4% (8/182), 4.4% (8/182) and 3.3% (6/182), respectively. The KRAS exon 2 mutation rate was the highest (61.5%, 64/104), and these mutations mainly occurred at codons 12 and 13. KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA wild-type CRC patients had significantly longer overall survival and disease-free survival than mutated KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA CRC patients (P<0.05). Overall, 45.4% (5/11) of patients with PIK3CA mutations had concomitant KRAS mutations. The KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA gene mutation rate in patients with lymph node metastasis (76.1%, 35/46) was significantly higher than that in patients without lymph node metastasis (50.8%, 69/136) (P=0.0027). There were no significant differences in IHC expression between patients with and without KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations (P>0.05). The TIMER 2.0 analysis showed that RNF215 expression was significantly higher in the mutated BRAF group than in the wild-type BRAF group in CRC (P<0.05). In conclusion, KRAS is the most commonly mutated gene, and KRAS mutations may be a poor prognostic factor for patients with CRC. KRAS wild-type patient resistance may be related to PIK3CA gene mutations, although this needs further verification in larger cohorts. BRAF mutations may be associated with RNF215 expression in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Juan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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28
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Abdullazade S, Behrens HM, Krüger S, Haag J, Röcken C. MDM2 amplification is rare in gastric cancer. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:795-807. [PMID: 37821635 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2) is a primary negative regulator of p53. The latter is frequently mutated in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, we aimed to validate gene amplification, protein expression, and the putative tumor biological function of MDM2 in a well-characterized Western GC cohort. MDM2 amplification and protein expression were studied in a cohort of 327 GCs by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. Gene amplification and protein expression were correlated with diverse clinicopathological patient characteristics including patient outcome. Immunohistochemically, 97 GCs (29.7%) were categorized as MDM2 positive and 230 GCs (70.3%) as negative. An amplification of MDM2 was found in 11 (3.4%) cases without evidence of intratumoral heterogeneity. Nine of these eleven (81.8%) cases showed MDM2 protein expression. MDM2 amplification correlated significantly with MDM2 protein expression (p < 0.001). On a case-by-case analysis, MDM2-amplified cases showed varied histological phenotypes and were most commonly microsatellite stable; EBV, HER2, and MET negative; and FGFR2 positive. A single case harbored both, MDM2 amplification and TP53 mutation. MDM2 amplification and MDM2 expression, respectively, did not correlate with overall or tumor-specific survival. Our targeted analysis of MDM2 in a well-characterized cohort of GC patients showed that MDM2 amplification is rare, of no specific histological phenotype, and may not be always mutually exclusive with TP53 mutations. Given the low number of cases, currently, no diagnostic or therapeutic recommendation related to MDM2 amplification can be given for GC of Western origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abdullazade
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Behrens
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Haag
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Dept. of Pathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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29
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Schallenberg S, Plage H, Hofbauer S, Furlano K, Weinberger S, Bruch PG, Roßner F, Elezkurtaj S, Kluth M, Lennartz M, Blessin NC, Marx AH, Samtleben H, Fisch M, Rink M, Slojewski M, Kaczmarek K, Ecke T, Hallmann S, Koch S, Adamini N, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Horst D, Klatte T, Schlomm T, Zecha H. Altered p53/p16 expression is linked to urothelial carcinoma progression but largely unrelated to prognosis in muscle-invasive tumors. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1880-1889. [PMID: 37938166 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2277344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most inactivating p53 mutations result in a nuclear p53 accumulation - detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC). p53 alterations leading to a complete lack of p53 protein and absence of immunostaining do also occur - not easily detectable by IHC. p16 is upregulated in p53 inactivated cells. We hypothesized that a positive p16 IHC may help to distinguish p53 inactivation in IHC negative cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated p53 and p16 immunostaining on 2710 urothelial bladder carcinomas in a tissue microarray format to understand their impact in relation to clinicopathological parameters of disease progression and patient outcome. RESULTS p16 immunostaining was absent in normal urothelium but occurred in 63.5% (30.4% strong) of cancers. p16 strongly positive cases increased from pTaG2 low-grade (9.6%) to pTaG3 high-grade tumors (46.5%, p < .0001) but decreased from pTaG3 to pT4 (33.3%; p = .0030). Among pT2-4 carcinomas, p16 positivity was linked to high-grade (p = .0005) but unrelated to overall survival. p53 staining was negative in 8.4%, very weak in 15.4%, weak in 55.3%, strong in 4.7%, and very strong in 16.2% cancers. p53 negative (potentially p53 null phenotype), strong, and very strong p53 positivity increased from pTaG2 low-grade to pTaG3 high-grade tumors (p < .0001) and from pTaG3 to pT2-4 cancers (p = .0007). p53 staining was largely unrelated to histopathological parameters or patient prognosis among pT2-4 carcinomas, except of p53 strong/very strong immunostaining. p16 expression predominated in tumors with very strong, strong, and negative p53 staining and the combination of p53 negative/p16 strongly positive cancers was linked to features of tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSION Aberrant p53 and p16 immunostaining increases during grade and stage progression although p53 negative and p16 positive immunostaining lack prognostic significance in pT2-4 carcinomas. Potential diagnostic features are that high level p16 expression is limited to neoplastic urothelium and p53 null phenotype to aggressive cancers (grade 3 and invasive).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henning Plage
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kira Furlano
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Henrik Samtleben
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Margit Fisch
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rink
- Department of Urology, Marienhospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Slojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krystian Kaczmarek
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thorsten Ecke
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Steffen Hallmann
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Department of Pathology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Nico Adamini
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Helios Hospital Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Zecha
- Department of Urology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Urology, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
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Sumitomo R, Menju T, Shimazu Y, Toyazaki T, Chiba N, Miyamoto H, Hirayama Y, Nishikawa S, Tanaka S, Yutaka Y, Yamada Y, Nakajima D, Ohsumi A, Hamaji M, Sato A, Yoshizawa A, Huang C, Haga H, Date H. M2-like tumor-associated macrophages promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the transforming growth factor β/Smad/zinc finger e-box binding homeobox pathway with increased metastatic potential and tumor cell proliferation in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4521-4534. [PMID: 37806311 PMCID: PMC10728010 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes primary tumor progression toward a metastatic state. The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in inducing EMT in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the significance of TAMs in relation to EMT in LUSC. We collected 221 LUSC specimens from patients who had undergone surgery. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate M1-like and M2-like TAM distribution and EMT by E-cadherin and vimentin staining. Human LUSC cell lines (H226 and EBC-1) and a human monocyte cell line (THP-1) were used for in vitro experiments. M2-like polarization of TAMs and EMT marker expression in LUSC cells were evaluated by western blotting. The biological behavior of LUSC cells was evaluated by migration, invasion, and cell proliferation assays. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 166 (75.1%) tumors were E-cadherin-positive and 44 (19.9%) were vimentin-positive. M2-like TAM density in the tumor stroma was significantly associated with vimentin positivity and worse overall survival. Western blotting demonstrated higher levels of CD163, CD206, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in TAMs versus unstimulated macrophages. Furthermore, increased TGF-β1 secretion from TAMs was confirmed by ELISA. TAM-co-cultured H226 and EBC-1 cells exhibited EMT (decreased E-cadherin, increased vimentin). Regarding EMT-activating transcriptional factors, phosphorylated Smad3 and ZEB-family proteins were higher in TAM-co-cultured LUSC cells than in parental cells. TAM-co-cultured H226 and EBC-1 cells demonstrated enhanced migration and invasion capabilities and improved proliferation. Overall, the present study suggests that TAMs can induce EMT with increased metastatic potential and tumor cell proliferation in LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sumitomo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yumeta Shimazu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Toshiya Toyazaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Naohisa Chiba
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hideaki Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yutaka Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigeto Nishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Satona Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yojiro Yutaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akihiro Ohsumi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Atsuyasu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Cheng‐Long Huang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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31
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Tribian LS, Lennartz M, Höflmayer D, de Wispelaere N, Dwertmann Rico S, von Bargen C, Kind S, Reiswich V, Viehweger F, Lutz F, Bertram V, Fraune C, Gorbokon N, Weidemann S, Hube-Magg C, Menz A, Uhlig R, Krech T, Hinsch A, Burandt E, Sauter G, Simon R, Kluth M, Steurer S, Marx AH, Lebok P, Dum D, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Bernreuther C. Diagnostic Role and Prognostic Impact of PSAP Immunohistochemistry: A Tissue Microarray Study on 31,358 Cancer Tissues. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3242. [PMID: 37892063 PMCID: PMC10606209 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13203242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAP) is a marker for prostate cancer. To assess the specificity and prognostic impact of PSAP, 14,137 samples from 127 different tumor (sub)types, 17,747 prostate cancers, and 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed via immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray format. In normal tissues, PSAP staining was limited to the prostate epithelial cells. In prostate cancers, PSAP was seen in 100% of Gleason 3 + 3, 95.5% of Gleason 4 + 4, 93.8% of recurrent cancer under androgen deprivation therapy, 91.0% of Gleason 5 + 5, and 31.2% of small cell neuroendocrine cancer. In non-prostatic tumors, PSAP immunostaining was only found in 3.2% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and in 0.8% of diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinomas. In prostate cancer, reduced PSAP staining was strongly linked to an advanced pT stage, a high classical and quantitative Gleason score, lymph node metastasis, high pre-operative PSA levels, early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001 each), high androgen receptor expression, and TMPRSS2:ERG fusions. A low level of PSAP expression was linked to PSA recurrence independent of pre- and postoperative prognostic markers in ERG-negative cancers. Positive PSAP immunostaining is highly specific for prostate cancer. Reduced PSAP expression is associated with aggressive prostate cancers. These findings make PSAP a candidate marker for prognostic multiparameter panels in ERG-negative prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sophie Tribian
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Noémi de Wispelaere
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Dwertmann Rico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Clara von Bargen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Veit Bertram
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth, Germany;
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.T.); (M.L.); (D.H.); (S.D.R.); (C.v.B.); (S.K.); (V.R.); (F.V.); (F.L.); (V.B.); (C.F.); (N.G.); (S.W.); (C.H.-M.); (A.M.); (R.U.); (T.K.); (A.H.); (E.B.); (G.S.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (P.L.); (D.D.); (S.M.); (F.J.); (T.S.C.); (C.B.)
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Coelho RC, Ruppenthal RD, Graudenz MS. Trop-2 Is Highly Expressed in Early Luminal-Like Breast Cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2023; 71:529-535. [PMID: 37675806 PMCID: PMC10546983 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231195659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trop-2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been identified in human epithelial cells as a contributor to tumor growth and unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer (BC). Our study aimed to assess the expression of Trop-2 protein via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlate it with clinicopathological features in early luminal-like BC. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating Trop-2 protein expression in tissue microarrays using IHC. The expression was evaluated by the H-score and the following categorization was used: H-Score 0 to <100 as low, H-Score 100 to 200 as intermediate, and H-Score >200 to 300 as high. The study included 84 patients with a median age of 57, of whom 70% had invasive ductal carcinomas, 75% were classified as T2, and 47.6% had no affected lymph nodes. Trop-2 expression was high in 56% of patients and intermediate in 38%. None of the patients had an H-Score of zero. No correlation was observed between Trop-2 expression and clinicopathological features, including age, histological subtype, grade, Ki67, tumor size, nodal status, lymphovascular invasion, tumor subtype, and pathological staging. We demonstrated that Trop-2 is highly expressed in early luminal-like BC and is not influenced by clinicopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Coelho
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences (PPGCM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rubia D. Ruppenthal
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcia S. Graudenz
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences (PPGCM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Menz A, Gorbokon N, Viehweger F, Lennartz M, Hube-Magg C, Hornsteiner L, Kluth M, Völkel C, Luebke AM, Fraune C, Uhlig R, Minner S, Dum D, Höflmayer D, Sauter G, Simon R, Burandt E, Clauditz TS, Lebok P, Jacobsen F, Steurer S, Krech T, Marx AH, Bernreuther C. Pan-keratin Immunostaining in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study of 15,940 Tumors. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:927-938. [PMID: 35946088 PMCID: PMC10492441 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficiency of pan-keratin immunostaining, tissue microarrays of 13,501 tumor samples from 121 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In normal tissues, strong pan-keratin immunostaining was seen in epithelial cells. Staining intensity was lower in hepatocytes, islets of Langerhans, and pneumocytes but markedly reduced in the adrenal cortex. Pan-keratin was positive in ≥98% of samples in 62 (83%) of 75 epithelial tumor entities, including almost all adenocarcinomas, squamous cell and urothelial carcinomas. Only 17 of 121 tumor entities (13%) had a pan-keratin positivity rate between 25% and 98%, including tumors with mixed differentiation, endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors, renal cell carcinomas, adrenocortical tumors, and particularly poorly differentiated carcinoma subtypes. The 15 entities with pan-keratin positivity in 0.9%-25% were mostly of mesenchymal origin. Reduced/absent pan-keratin immunostaining was associated with high UICC stage (p = 0.0001), high Thoenes grade (p = 0.0183), high Fuhrman grade (p = 0.0049), advanced tumor stage (p < 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0114) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, advanced pT stage (p = 0.0007) in papillary renal cell carcinoma, and with advanced stage (p = 0.0023), high grade (p = 0.0005) as well as loss of ER and PR expression (each p < 0.0001) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). In summary, pan-keratin can consistently be detected in the vast majority of epithelial tumors, although pan-keratin can be negative a fraction of renal cell, adrenocortical and neuroendocrine neoplasms. The data also link reduced pan-keratin immunostaining to unfavorable tumor phenotype in in epithelial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Hornsteiner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M. Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Lennartz M, Csomós H, Chirico V, Weidemann S, Gorbokon N, Menz A, Büscheck F, Hube-Magg C, Höflmayer D, Bernreuther C, Blessin NC, Lebok P, Sauter G, Steurer S, Burandt E, Dum D, Krech T, Simon R, Minner S, Jacobsen F, Clauditz TS, Luebke AM, Siraj AK, Al-Dayel F, Al-Kuraya KS, Hinsch A. Cadherin-16 (CDH16) immunohistochemistry: a useful diagnostic tool for renal cell carcinoma and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12917. [PMID: 37558687 PMCID: PMC10412623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-16 (CDH16) plays a role in the embryonal development in kidney and thyroid. Downregulation of CDH16 RNA was found in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid. To determine the expression of CDH16 in tumors and to assess the diagnostic utility a tissue microarray containing 15,584 samples from 152 different tumor types as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed. A membranous CDH16 immunostaining was predominantly seen in thyroid, kidney, cauda epididymis, and mesonephric remnants. In the thyroid, CDH16 staining was seen in 100% of normal samples, 86% of follicular adenomas, 60% of follicular carcinomas, but only 7% of papillary carcinomas (p < 0.0001). CDH16 positivity was frequent in nephrogenic adenomas (100%), oncocytomas (98%), chromophobe (97%), clear cell (85%), and papillary (76%) renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), various subtypes of carcinoma of the ovary (16-56%), various subtyped of carcinomas of the uterus (18-40%), as well as in various subtypes of neuroendocrine neoplasms (4-26%). Nineteen further tumor entities showed a weak to moderate CDH16 staining in up to 8% of cases. Our data suggest CDH16 as a potential diagnostic marker-as a part of a panel-for the identification of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid, nephrogenic adenomas, and the distinction of renal cell tumors from other neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Henrietta Csomós
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Chirico
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niclas C Blessin
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abdul Khalid Siraj
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Melling N, Grass J, Reeh M, Tachezy M, Blessmann M, Izbicki JR, Grupp K. Decreased expression of prolyl hydroxylase 1 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7579-7585. [PMID: 36976352 PMCID: PMC10374750 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolyl hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) is a prognostic marker in several cancers. AIMS AND SCOPES This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical relevance of PHD1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared PHD1 expression on a tissue microarray (TMA) containing samples from 1800 CRCs with corresponding clinicopathological tumor variables and patient survival. RESULTS While PHD1 staining was always high in benign colorectal epithelium, high PHD1 staining was detectable in only 71.8% of CRCs. Low PHD1 staining was associated with advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0101) and shortened overall survival in CRC patients (p = 0.0011). In a multivariable analysis including tumor stage, histological type and PHD1 staining revealed tumor stage and histological type (p < 0.0001 each), but also PHD1 staining (p = 0.0202) to be independent prognostic markers for CRC. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, loss of PHD1 expression independently identified a subset of CRC patients with poor overall survival and might, thus, be a promising prognostic marker. PHD1 targeting may even allow for specific therapeutic approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Grass
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reeh
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tachezy
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Blessmann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Nana FA, Lamberts V, Hoton D, Stanciu CP, Lecocq M, Carlier FM, Duplaquet F, Pirard L, Pilette C, Bihin B, Ocak S. Restin protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2302-2309. [PMID: 37365889 PMCID: PMC10423652 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restin is a member of the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) superfamily. Its expression has been reported to be up- or downregulated in cancer. Preclinical data suggest it is a tumor suppressor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate restin expression and prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Restin expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in three tissue microarrays consisting of formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded NSCLC specimens from 113 patients, represented in triplicate. Restin staining H-score was the result of the staining intensity (0-no, 1-weak, 2-moderate, and 3-strong) multiplied by the percentage of stained tumor cells; it was defined as low if 1-100, moderate if 101-200, and strong if 201-300. Haverage-score was the average H-score in the triplicate. Restin Haverage-scores were tested for correlations with clinical and pathological characteristics and patient outcome. RESULTS Restin expression was localized to the cytoplasm, with nuclear enhancement, of 112/113 (99.1%) NSCLCs. Restin Haverage-scores were 0 in 1/113 (0.88%), low in 15/113 (13.3%), moderate in 48/113 (42.5%), and strong in 49/113 (43.4%) NSCLCs. Restin Haverage-scores did not correlate with NSCLC histological subtype, disease stage, recurrence/progression-free, or overall survival. CONCLUSION Restin is moderately to strongly expressed in the majority of NSCLC tumors but its expression has no prognostic value in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Aboubakar Nana
- Division of PulmonologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Delphine Hoton
- Department of PathologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Marylène Lecocq
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - François M. Carlier
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
- Division of Pulmonology, CHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
| | | | | | - Charles Pilette
- Division of PulmonologyCliniques Universitaires Saint‐LucBrusselsBelgium
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Benoît Bihin
- Scientific Support Unit, CHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
| | - Sebahat Ocak
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology (PNEU), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC)Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)BrusselsBelgium
- Division of Pulmonology, CHU UCL NamurYvoirBelgium
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Ezenkwa US, Ogun GO, Mashor MI, Ogunbiyi OJ. EpCAM expression negatively regulates E-cadherin function in colorectal carcinomas. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1569. [PMID: 37533952 PMCID: PMC10393316 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to characterise epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression patterns in colorectal carcinomas (CRC) from Nigerian patients, its association with E-cadherin and tumour characteristics, to forecast patient selection for anti-EpCAM therapy among whom no data existed previously. Methods Tissue microarray blocks of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded CRC tissues, with their non-cancer margins of resection, were sectioned and stained with EpCAM and E-cadherin primary antibodies. Scoring for antibody staining was done semiquantitatively by combining staining proportion and intensity. The outcome was correlated with patient age, gender and tumour histological parameters with p ≤ 0.05 regarded as statistically significant. Results Sixty-three carcinoma tissues had staining status for the two markers and were included in this study. Of these, 36 (57.1%) showed positive EpCAM expression (immunoscore ≥3) out of which 83% (30/36 positive cases) were overexpressed (combined immunoscore ≥4) while 12 (19%) tissues were positive for E-cadherin. Non-tumour margins of resection tissues showed less EpCAM positivity in 24% (6/25) of histospots. The difference in staining between tumour and non-tumour margin tissues with EpCAM was significant (p < 0.001). Also, EpCAM overexpression was significantly associated with reduced E-cadherin (p < 0.035) expression in tumour cells. Tumour extent within the gut wall was equal (50% each) for early and late pT stages among EpCAM overexpressing tumours but two-thirds (8/12) of cases expressing E-cadherin had later pT stage paradoxically, while distant metastasis was negligible among tumours bearing both markers. Also, tumours overexpressing EpCAM had significant association with tumour-associated lymphocytes (p < 0.02 each). Conclusion CRC in this study preferentially overexpress EpCAM over E-cadherin whose strong cell-cell contact inhibitory role is weakened even when expressed, resulting in further local tumour spread. This, and the observed immune response, supports targeted therapy among eligible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Simon Ezenkwa
- Federal Medical Centre Azare, Azare 751101, Bauchi, Nigeria
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-8268
| | - Gabriel Olabiyi Ogun
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200285, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Mbwas Isaac Mashor
- Department of Pathology, Bringham University, Jos 930105, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi John Ogunbiyi
- Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200285, Oyo, Nigeria
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-2879
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Dowling NM, Khramtsova G, Olopade O, Lee BS, Lee J. Expression analysis of BACH1 with clinical variables using the US breast cancer patient cohort. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3121163. [PMID: 37461502 PMCID: PMC10350188 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3121163/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies on functional roles of BACH1 reveal that BACH1 promotes cancer metastasis and regulates metabolic networks for metastatic processes. However, little is known about BACH1 protein expression in breast tumors and its relevance to clinical variables as a biomarker for patients with breast tumors. Methods Using a tissue microarray (TMA) of breast tumor tissues isolated from a patient cohort (N = 130) expression of BACH1 and its target gene MCT1 (encoded by SLC16A1) were monitored by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays and scored for further analyses. We examined the association between scores of BACH1 (Allredscoretotal) or MCT1 (Hscoretotal3×2×1x) with clinical variables including: breast cancer subtypes, tissue types, tumor size, patient's racial/ethnic background, and age group. Groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (or the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test when appropriate) for numerical data. A proportional odds ordinal logistic model was used to examine multiple covariates. Associations between variables were evaluated with the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results BACH1 and MCT1 expression were detected in 90.76% (N = 118/130) and 92.30% (N = 120/130) of patients by IHC, respectively, in our study. After dichotomizing tumor size (small: 3-25 in diameter vs. big: 27-85 mm in diameter), BACH1 expression scores were significantly higher (p = 0.015) in the bigger tumor group (mean [SD]; 4.20 [1.796]) compared with the smaller tumor group (3.920 [1.693]). Of interest, we also observed significantly higher BACH1 scores (p = 0.004) in tumors from Black women (3.971 [1.514]; N = 69) compared with those of White women (3.02 [1.942]; N = 49). Consistent with mRNA expression analysis, BACH1 expression is most abundant in the basal-like tumors among all subtypes, specifically in Black women, whereas MCT1 expression scores are considerably higher in the basal-like tumors regardless of race. In addition, there was a positive association between BACH1 and MCT1 IHC scores in tumors from Black women, although a weak association between them in tumors from White women. In general, we did not detect associations between MCT1 IHC scores and race, tumor size, tissue types, or patient's age. Conclusions We found strong associations of BACH1 expression with tumor size and the basal-like subtype, respectively. Importantly, BACH1 expresses significantly higher in tumors from Black women than White women, as well as in the basal-like subtype of breast tumors from Black women. Our study suggests that BACH1 expression could serve as a potential race-associated biomarker indicating poor prognosis.
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Krishnan A, Spegg V, Dettwiler S, Schraml P, Moch H, Dedes K, Varga Z, Altmeyer M. Analysis of the PARP1, ADP-Ribosylation, and TRIP12 Triad With Markers of Patient Outcome in Human Breast Cancer. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100167. [PMID: 36990278 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are increasingly used in breast cancer therapy, including high-grade triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Varying treatment responses and PARPi resistance with relapse currently pose limitations to the efficacy of PARPi therapy. The pathobiological reasons why individual patients respond differently to PARPi are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed expression of PARP1, the main target of PARPi, in normal breast tissue, breast cancer, and its precursor lesions using human breast cancer tissue microarrays covering a total of 824 patients, including more than 100 TNBC cases. In parallel, we analyzed nuclear adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation as a marker of PARP1 activity and TRIP12, an antagonist of PARPi-induced PARP1 trapping. Although we found PARP1 expression to be generally increased in invasive breast cancer, PARP1 protein levels and nuclear ADP-ribosylation were lower in higher tumor grade and TNBC samples than non-TNBCs. Cancers with low levels of PARP1 and low levels of nuclear ADP-ribosylation were associated with significantly reduced overall survival. This effect was even more pronounced in cases with high levels of TRIP12. These results indicate that PARP1-dependent DNA repair capacity may be compromised in aggressive breast cancers, potentially fueling enhanced accumulation of mutations. Moreover, the results revealed a subset of breast cancers with low PARP1, low nuclear ADP-ribosylation, and high TRIP12 levels, which may compromise their response to PARPi, suggesting a combination of markers for PARP1 abundance, enzymatic activity, and trapping capabilities might aid patient stratification for PARPi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Dettwiler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schraml
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Dedes
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mourão TC, Bezerra SM, de Almeida E Paula F, Rocha MM, Santos VE, Brazão Junior ES, Abreu D, da Costa WH, Zequi SDC. Prognostic role of the immunohistochemical expression of proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system pathway in nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2023:S1078-1439(23)00190-4. [PMID: 37286405 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stage migration has been observed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in recent decades; however, mortality rates have continuously increased in some countries. Tumoral factors have been characterized as major predictors of RCC. Nonetheless, this concept can be improved by combining these tumoral factors with other variables, including biomolecular factors. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression and prognostic value of renin (REN), erythropoietin (EPO), and cathepsin D (CTSD), and to evaluate whether the concomitant expression of these markers can influence the prognostic outcomes in patients without metastasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 729 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who underwent surgical treatment between 1985 and 2016 were evaluated. All the cases in the tumor bank were reviewed by dedicated uropathologists. The IHC expression patterns of the markers were assessed using a tissue microarray. REN and EPO were classified as "positive" or "negative" expression. CTSD was grouped into "absent or weak expression" or "strong expression." Associations between clinical and pathological variables and the studied markers, in addition to 10-year overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival rates, were described. RESULTS REN and EPO expressions were positive in 70.6% and 86.6% of patients, respectively. Absent or weak and strong expressions of CTSD were observed in 58.2% and 41.3% of the patients, respectively. EPO expression had no impact on survival rates even when assessed concomitantly with REN. Negative REN expression was associated with advanced age, preoperative anemia, larger tumors, perirenal fat, hilum or renal sinus infiltration, microvascular invasion, necrosis, high nuclear grade, and clinical stages III to IV. In contrast, strong CTSD expression was associated with poor prognostic variables. The expression patterns of REN and CTSD were unfavorable predictors of the 10-year OS and CSS. In particular, the combination of negative REN and strong CTSD expression had a negative impact on these rates, including a higher risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Loss of REN expression and strong CTSD expression were independent prognostic factors in nonmetastatic ccRCC, particularly when the concomitant expression pattern of both markers was present. EPO expression did not influence survival rates in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Camelo Mourão
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Stephania Martins Bezerra
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Murce Rocha
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Walter Henriques da Costa
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stênio de Cássio Zequi
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Graduate School, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pazaitis N, Kaiser A. TMA-Mate: An open-source modular toolkit for constructing tissue microarrays of arbitrary layouts. HARDWAREX 2023; 14:e00419. [PMID: 37128356 PMCID: PMC10148229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research and quality control procedures often demand a variety of microscopic analysis of numerous formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from different individuals of both healthy and diseased regions of interest. Depending on the number of samples to be analyzed, conventional processing of each FFPE block separately can be laborious or impracticable. This effort can be drastically reduced by using tissue microarrays (TMAs). TMAs have a wide range of applications and can be considered as a high-throughput method to process up to hundreds of miniaturized tissue samples simultaneously on a single microscopy slide, in order to reduce labor, costs and sample consumption, and to increase results comparability. Several commercial and self-made solutions to fabricate TMAs with varying degrees of automation are available. However, these solutions may not be suitable for every situation, either due to high costs, high complexity, lack of precision or lack of flexibility, especially when diagnostically oriented pathology institutes or laboratories with constrained resources are considered. This article introduces the TMA-Mate, an open-source 3D printable modular toolkit for constructing high-density TMAs of arbitrary layouts, providing an affordable, lightweight, and accessible procedure to implement TMAs into existing histology processing pipelines. Step-by-step demonstrations for replicating the hardware and constructing TMAs are included.
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Hathaway CA, Conejo-Garcia JR, Fridley BL, Rosner B, Saeed-Vafa D, Segura CM, Nguyen JV, Hecht JL, Sasamoto N, Terry KL, Tworoger SS, Townsend MK. Measurement of Ovarian Tumor Immune Profiles by Multiplex Immunohistochemistry: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:848-853. [PMID: 36940177 PMCID: PMC10239319 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the immunogenic nature of many ovarian tumors, treatment with immune checkpoint therapies has not led to substantial improvements in ovarian cancer survival. To advance population-level research on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment, it is critical to understand methodologic issues related to measurement of immune cells on tissue microarrays (TMA) using multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) assays. METHODS In two prospective cohorts, we collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovarian tumors from 486 cases and created seven TMAs. We measured T cells, including several sub-populations, and immune checkpoint markers on the TMAs using two mIF panels. We used Spearman correlations, Fisher exact tests, and multivariable-adjusted beta-binomial models to evaluate factors related to immune cell measurements in TMA tumor cores. RESULTS Between-core correlations of intratumoral immune markers ranged from 0.52 to 0.72, with more common markers (e.g., CD3+, CD3+CD8+) having higher correlations. Correlations of immune cell markers between the whole core, tumor area, and stromal area were high (range 0.69-0.97). In multivariable-adjusted models, odds of T-cell positivity were lower in clear cell and mucinous versus type II tumors (ORs, 0.13-0.48) and, for several sub-populations, were lower in older tissue (sample age > 30 versus ≤ 10 years; OR, 0.11-0.32). CONCLUSIONS Overall, high correlations between cores for immune markers measured via mIF support the use of TMAs in studying ovarian tumor immune infiltration, although very old samples may have reduced antigenicity. IMPACT Future epidemiologic studies should evaluate differences in the tumor immune response by histotype and identify modifiable factors that may alter the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daryoush Saeed-Vafa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos Moran Segura
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan V. Nguyen
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mary K. Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Stolnicu S, Hoang L, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Terinte C, Pesci A, Aviel-Ronen S, Kiyokawa T, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Oliva E, Park KJ, Soslow RA. Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Detailed Analysis of Morphology, Immunohistochemical Profile, and Outcome in 59 Cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:259-269. [PMID: 36044310 PMCID: PMC9971353 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although both the 2014 and 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria require unequivocal glandular and squamous differentiation for a diagnosis of cervical adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), in practice, ASC diagnoses are often made in tumors that lack unequivocal squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Considering the ambiguous etiologic, morphologic, and clinical features and outcomes associated with ASCs, we sought to redefine these tumors. We reviewed slides from 59 initially diagnosed ASCs (including glassy cell carcinoma and related lesions) to confirm an ASC diagnosis only in the presence of unequivocal malignant glandular and squamous differentiation. Select cases underwent immunohistochemical profiling as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) testing by in situ hybridization. Of the 59 cases originally classified as ASCs, 34 retained their ASC diagnosis, 9 were reclassified as pure invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinomas, 10 as invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinomas with other components (such as HPV-associated mucinous, usual-type, or ASCs), and 4 as HPV-associated usual or mucinous adenocarcinomas with benign-appearing squamous metaplasia. Two glassy adenocarcinomas were reclassified as poorly differentiated HPV-associated carcinomas based on morphology and immunophenotype. There were no significant immunophenotypic differences between ASCs and pure invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinomas with regard to HPV and other markers including p16 expression. Although limited by a small sample size, survival outcomes seemed to be similar between all groups. ASCs should be diagnosed only in the presence of unequivocal malignant glandular and squamous differentiation. The 2 putative glassy cell carcinomas studied did not meet our criteria for ASC and categorizing them as such should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Stolnicu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Lien Hoang
- Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna Pesci
- Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay J. Park
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert A. Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Wu Y, Gao B, Xia Q, Zhu Y, Wang N, Chang X, Huang B, Luo D, Zhang J, Zhang P, Shi H, Fan J, Nie X. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression in PDGFRA-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumors probably correlates with poor prognosis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:138. [PMID: 37120571 PMCID: PMC10148552 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) overexpression and gene alterations have been detected in several mesenchymal tumors, with significant implications for diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between ALK expression status and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS A total of 506 GIST patients were enrolled. Sanger sequencing was employed to detect c-KIT and PDGFRA gene mutations. The tissue microarray (TMA) technique and immunohistochemistry were employed to identify the ALK (clone: 1A4 and D5F3) expression status in the tumor tissues. The ALK gene variants of IHC-positive cases were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The clinicopathological data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 26.0. RESULTS Among the 506 GIST patients, the c-KIT mutation accounted for 84.2% (426/506), followed by PDGFRA mutation (10.3%, 52/506), while the wild-type accounted for the least (5.5%, 28/506). ALK-positive expression was detected in PDGFRA-mutant GISTs (7.7%, 4/52) but negative for c-KIT-mutant or wild-type GISTs by IHC. Four ALK IHC-positive patients were all male. The tumors all occurred outside the stomach. The predominant patterns of growth were epithelioid (2/4), spindle (1/4), and mixed type (1/4). They were all identified as high-risk classification according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification. Aberrant ALK mutations were not identified by DNA-based NGS except in one of the 4 cases with amplification by FISH. CONCLUSION Our study revealed 7.7% (4/52) of ALK expression in PDGFRA-mutant GISTs, indicating that molecular tests were required to rule out the possibility of PDGFRA-mutant GISTs when encountering ALK-positive mesenchymal tumors with CD117-negative or weakly positive in immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yili Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Danju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Heshui Shi
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
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Zimpfer A, Kdimati S, Mosig M, Rudolf H, Zettl H, Erbersdobler A, Hakenberg OW, Maruschke M, Schneider B. ERBB2 Amplification as a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092414. [PMID: 37173881 PMCID: PMC10177383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) occur in about 5-10% of all urothelial carcinomas and are frequently discovered in high-stage disease. We aimed to evaluate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2) protein expression immunohistochemically and ERBB2 amplification in UTUCs by fluorescence in situ hybridization, applying a tissue microarray technique. ERBB2 overexpression and ERBB2 amplification were defined according to the recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) for breast cancer and gastric carcinoma (GC), revealing scores of 2+ and 3+ in 10.2% and 41.8% of UTUCs, respectively. The performance parameters showed obviously higher sensitivity of ERBB2 immunoscoring according to the ASCO/CAP criteria for GC. ERBB2 amplification was detected in 10.5% of UTUCs. ERBB2 overexpression was more likely to be found in high-grade tumors and was associated with tumor progression. Univariable Cox regression analysis revealed a significantly lower progression-free survival (PFS) in cases with ERBB2 immunoscores of 2+ or 3+ according to the ASCO/CAP guidelines for GC. UTUCs with ERBB2 amplification showed a significantly shorter PFS in the multivariable Cox regression analysis. Irrespective of their ERBB2 status, patients with UTUC treated with platin showed a significantly lower PFS than UTUC patients who had not received any platin-based therapy. In addition, UTUC patients with a normal ERBB2 gene status who had not received platin-based therapy showed significantly longer overall survival. The results suggest that ERBB2 is a biomarker for progression in UTUCs and may define a distinct subgroup of UTUCs. As previously shown, ERBB2 amplification is infrequent. However, the small number of patients diagnosed with ERBB2-amplified UTUC might benefit from ERBB2-targeted cancer therapy. In clinical-pathological routine diagnostics, the determination of ERBB2 amplification is an established method in some defined entities and also successful in small samples. Still, the simultaneous use of ERBB2 immunohistochemistry and ERBB2 in situ hybridization would be important in order to record the low rate of amplified UTUC cases as completely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Zimpfer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Said Kdimati
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Melanie Mosig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Rudolf
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Heike Zettl
- Clinical Cancer Registry, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Erbersdobler
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver W Hakenberg
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Maruschke
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Urology, HELIOS Hanseklinikum, 18435 Stralsund, Germany
| | - Björn Schneider
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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46
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Gologan D, Ștefan AE, Militaru M, Sanda AC, Arjan S, Mușat S, Leavitt MO, Stan R. Quality Assurance and Cost Reduction in Histopathology Laboratories Using Tissue Microarrays. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040280. [PMID: 37104435 PMCID: PMC10147037 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of cost increases of both labor and consumables, cheaper and faster histopathology methods are needed. We implemented in our research laboratory the use of tissue microarrays (TMA) for the parallel processing and analysis of tissue samples. In this study, we used seven pre-processed, paraffinated biomimetic sectionable support matrices serving as "recipient" paraffin blocks to embed a total of 196 tissue cores from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (serving as "donor" paraffin blocks) from seven different rabbit organs. These tissue samples were obtained using four different processing protocols: two 6 h protocols with xylene as the transition solvent, and two using butanol instead (one 10 h in duration and the other 72 h long). While the samples from protocols 1 and 2 (with xylene) quite regularly generated peeling of some of the cores from the slides (most likely because of substandard paraffin infiltration), butanol processing performed flawlessly for both processing protocols. Our proposed technique of using TMAs in the research laboratory brings with it a significant reduction in time and consumable costs (up to 77 and 64%, respectively), but also new challenges for all the upstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gologan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Doctoral School, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, Politehnica University, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Research and Development, Themis Pathology SRL, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Ștefan
- Department of Research and Development, Themis Pathology SRL, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuella Militaru
- Department of Pathology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Suzana Arjan
- Department of Research and Development, Themis Pathology SRL, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Mușat
- Department of Research and Development, Themis Pathology SRL, 077190 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Research and Development, LUMEA Inc., Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | | | - Raluca Stan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Doctoral School, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, Politehnica University, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Gorbokon N, Timm P, Dum D, Menz A, Büscheck F, Völkel C, Hinsch A, Lennartz M, Luebke AM, Hube-Magg C, Fraune C, Krech T, Lebok P, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Steurer S, Minner S, Marx AH, Simon R, Burandt E, Bernreuther C, Höflmayer D. Mammaglobin-A Expression Is Highly Specific for Tumors Derived from the Breast, the Female Genital Tract, and the Salivary Gland. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061202. [PMID: 36980510 PMCID: PMC10047670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mammaglobin-A (SCGB2A2) is a secretory protein with an unknown function that is used as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer. However, other tumors can also express mammaglobin-A. To comprehensively study patterns of mammaglobin-A expression, a tissue microarray containing 16,328 samples from 128 different tumor types as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Mammaglobin-A positivity was found in only a few normal tissues, including luminal cells of the breast as well as endocervical and endometrial glands. In tumor tissues, 37 of 128 tumor categories showed mamma-globin-A staining, 32 of which were derived from one of four organs: breast (6 tumor categories), endometrium (5 tumor categories), ovary (5 tumor categories), and salivary glands (16 tumor categories). Only five additional tumor types showed occasional weak mammaglobin positivity, including medullary thyroid cancer, teratoma of the testis, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and pharynx, and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Among 1139 evaluable invasive breast carcinomas of no special type, low mammaglobin-A immunostaining was linked to high BRE grade (p = 0.0011), loss of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (p < 0.0001 each), and triple-negative status (p < 0.0001) but not to patient survival. In endometrial cancer, mammaglobin-A loss was linked to an advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0198). Our data characterize mammaglobin-A as a highly specific marker for tumors derived from either the breast, female genitals, or salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Timm
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, D-49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, D-90766 Fuerth, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Jiang W, Li Y, Li R, Chen W, Song M, Zhang Q, Chen S. The Prognostic Significance of FOXD1 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030530. [PMID: 36983712 PMCID: PMC10053205 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) plays an established role in human early embryonic development and is broadly involved in various malignancies. However, there is limited information regarding FOXD1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This present study aimed to explore the clinical significance of FOXD1 in patients with HNSCC. Tissue microarrays of 334 primary HNSCC patients who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2010 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were investigated by immunohistochemistry regarding FOXD1 expression. χ2 test was used to estimate the relationship of FOXD1 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify FOXD1 expression as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). FOXD1 expression is closely associated with postoperative recurrence. HNSCC patients with high FOXD1 expression have poorer prognoses than the low-expression group (p < 0.05). According to multivariate analysis, FOXD1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. The results revealed that FOXD1 could be a prognostic factor for HNSCC and might serve as a potential target for novel therapies.
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49
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Ghandili S, Dierlamm J, Bokemeyer C, von Bargen CM, Weidemann SA. NTRK fusion protein expression is absent in a large cohort of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146029. [PMID: 36998460 PMCID: PMC10043297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEven though two NTRK-targeting drugs are available for the treatment of irresectable, metastatic, or progressive NTRK-positive solid tumors, less is known about the role of NTRK fusions in lymphoma. For this reason, we aimed to investigate if NTRK fusion proteins are expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by systemic immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening and additional FISH analysis in a large cohort of DLBCL samples according to the ESMO Translational Research and Precision Medicine Working Group recommendations for the detection of NTRK fusions in daily practice and clinical research.MethodsA tissue microarray of 92 patients with the diagnosis of DLBCL at the University Hospital Hamburg between 2020 and 2022 was built. The clinical data were taken from patient records. Immunohistochemistry for Pan-NTRK fusion protein was performed and positive staining was defined as any viable staining. For FISH analysis only results with quality 2 and 3 were evaluated.ResultsNTRK immunostaining was absent in all analyzable cases. No break apart was detectable by FISH.ConclusionOur negative result is consistent with the very sparse data existing on NTRK gene fusions in hematologic neoplasms. To date, only a few cases of hematological malignancies have been described in which NTRK-targeting drugs may provide a potential therapeutic agent. Even though NTRK fusion protein expression was not detectable in our sample cohort, performing systemic screenings for NTRK fusions are necessary to define further the role of NTRK fusions not only in DLBCL but in a multitude of lymphoma entities as long as the lack of reliable data exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ghandili
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Ghandili,
| | - Judith Dierlamm
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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50
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Maas M, Kurcz A, Hennenlotter J, Scharpf M, Fend F, Walz S, Stühler V, Todenhöfer T, Stenzl A, Bedke J, Rausch S. Differential Expression and Clinical Relevance of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) in Renal Cell Carcinomas, Benign Renal Tumors, and Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065227. [PMID: 36982302 PMCID: PMC10048828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) is part of the human chemokine system and involved in progression and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of CXCR4 protein expression in RCC remains controversial. In particular, data regarding the subcellular distribution of CXCR4 in RCC and RCC metastasis as well as CXCR4 expression in renal tumors of variant histology are limited. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the differential CXCR4 expression in RCC primary tumor and metastatic tissue as well as in variant renal histologies. In addition, the prognostic capacity of CXCR4 expression in organ-confined clear cell RCC (ccRCC) was evaluated. Three independent renal tumor cohorts (primary ccRCC cohort n1 = 64; cohort of various histological entities n2 = 146; metastatic RCC tissue cohort n3 = 92) were evaluated using tissue microarrays (TMA). After immunohistochemical staining for CXCR4, nuclear and cytoplasmic expression patterns were evaluated. CXCR4 expression was correlated with validated pathologic prognosticators, clinical data, and overall and cancer-specific survival. Positive cytoplasmic staining was observed in 98% of the benign and 38.9% of the malignant samples. Nuclear staining was positive for 94.1% of the benign samples and 83% of the malignant samples. The median cytoplasmic expression score was found to be higher in benign tissue than in ccRCC (130.00 vs. 0.00); median nuclear expression score analysis indicated the opposite (56.0 vs. 71.0). Within malignant subtypes, the highest expression score was seen in papillary renal cell carcinomas (cytoplasmic: 117.50, nuclear: 41.50). Within benign renal tumors, high cytoplasmic and nuclear CXCR4 expression scores were seen for oncocytomas (cytoplasmic: 100.00, nuclear: 31.00). Expression scores in RCC metastasis ranked between benign renal tissue and ccRCC in cytoplasmic and nuclear expression. Cytoplasmic CXCR4 expression was identified as a prognostic factor for OS and CSS (p = 0.042; p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis including clinicopathological parameters did not reveal an independent prognostic character of CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 expression differs significantly within benign lesions and renal neoplasms. Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of CXCR4 could be detected across all RCC subtypes. The prognostic value of CXCR4 in ccRCC was confirmed in univariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aymone Kurcz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scharpf
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Walz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Clinical Trial Unit Studienpraxis Urologie, D-72622 Nürtingen, Germany
- Medical School, Eberhard-Karls-University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-86000; Fax: +49-7071-29-5880
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