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Ponzio RA, Ibarra LE, Achilli EE, Odella E, Chesta CA, Martínez SR, Palacios RE. Sweet light o' mine: Photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of tenacious pathogens using conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112510. [PMID: 36049287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each year a rising number of infections can not be successfully treated owing to the increasing pandemic of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The global shortage of innovative antibiotics fuels the emergence and spread of drug resistant microbes. Basic research, development, and applications of alternative therapies are urgently needed. Since the 90´s, light-mediated therapies have promised to be the next frontier combating multidrug-resistance microbes. These platforms have demonstrated to be a reliable, rapid, and efficient alternative to eliminate tenacious pathogens while avoiding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Among the materials showing antimicrobial activity triggered by light, conjugated polymers (CPs) have risen as the most promising option to tackle this complex situation. These materials present outstanding characteristics such as high absorption coefficients, great photostability, easy processability, low cytotoxicity, among others, turning them into a powerful class of photosensitizer (PS)/photothermal agent (PTA) materials. Herein, we summarize and discuss the advances in the field of CPs with applications in photodynamic inactivation and photothermal therapy towards bacteria elimination. Additionally, a section of current challenges and needs in terms of well-defined benchmark experiments and conditions to evaluate the efficiency of phototherapies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC y CONICET, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía E Achilli
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-IMBICE (CONICET), Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Zhou W, Lu S, Chen X. Anionic donor-acceptor conjugated polymer dots/g-C 3N 4 nanosheets heterojunction: High efficiency and excellent stability for co-catalyst-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:912-921. [PMID: 34785466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have assembled an anionic donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polyelectrolyte dots (Pdots), based on bithiophene units-containing backbone and sulfonate modified side chain (PCP-2F-Li), with porous g-C3N4 nanosheets (CNNS) into a new 0D/2D heterojunction (PCP-2F-Li Pdots/CNNS). The well-matched energy levels of PCP-2F-Li and CNNS and the strong electron-donating sulfinates in PCP-2F-Li can significantly accelerate the interfacial electron transfer in heterojunction, while the strong hydrophilicity of PCP-2F-Li can improve the interface wetting and promote the photocatalytic water-splitting. As such, PCP-2F-Li Pdots/CNNS can be used for efficient co-catalyst-free water splitting with a hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 1932.1 μmol·h-1·g-1 over 6 runs, which is 1.85 and 2.29 times of hydrophobic F8T2 Pdots/CNNS and Pt-assisted CNNS, respectively. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) of PCP-2F-Li Pdots/CNNS can reach 7.87 %, 7.73 % and 5.60 % at 420, 450 and 475 nm, respectively. The findings highlight a new type of the Pdots-assisted heterojunctions for high-efficiency and durable co-catalyst-free water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Shaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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3
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Xiong H, Huang Z, Lin Q, Yang B, Yan F, Liu B, Chen H, Kong J. Surface Plasmon Coupling Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on Polymer Dots and AuNPs for Ultrasensitive Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Exosomes. Anal Chem 2021; 94:837-846. [PMID: 34914878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymer dots (Pdots) have become attractive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores due to their facile synthesis, easy modification, and stable electrochemical and optical properties. However, their ECL efficiency is not high enough for practical applications. In this work, we proposed an ECL immunosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) between AuNPs and Pdots for the determination of pancreatic cancer exosomes. Based on the finite-difference time-domain simulations and the band energy of Pdots and AuNPs, we proposed the possible LSPR mechanism. The hot electrons of plasmonic AuNPs were photoexcited to surface plasmon states by ECL emission of Pdots, and then the excited hot electrons were transferred to the conduction band of Pdots, which significantly improved the ECL efficiency of Pdots. The ECL immunosensor displayed a wide calibration range of 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 106 particles/mL with a detection limit of 400 particles/mL. Cancer-related protein profiling revealed high selectivity toward different expressions of exosomal surface proteins from PANC-01, HeLa, MCF-7, and HPDE6-C7 cell lines. The proposed ECL system exhibits a promising prospect for protein biomarker profiling and early cancer-related diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiuyuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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4
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Gao H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yu H, Rong S, Meng L, Song S, Mei Y, Pan H, Chang D. Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for cancer antigen 125 detection based on novel resonance energy transfer between graphitic carbon nitride and NIR CdTe/CdS QDs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Xie M, Hua Y, Hong D, Wan S, Tian Y. Physical insights into protection effect of conjugated polymers by natural antioxidants. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1614-1622. [PMID: 35424094 PMCID: PMC8693752 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) known as organic semiconductors have been broadly applied in photovoltaic and light emitting devices due to their easy fabrication and flexibility. However, one of the bottlenecks limiting the application of CPs is their poor photostability upon continuous excitation which is one of the crucial parameters of CPs. How to improve the photostability of CPs is always one of the key questions in this field. In this work, we found that the photostability of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) molecules can be largely improved by addition of vitamin E (VE) in bulk solution, solid films and single molecules. In solution and films, VE can not only significantly retard the photodegradation of P3HT but also enhance the fluorescence intensity. For individual P3HT molecules, with increasing VE concentrations, the on-time duration increases and the off-time duration becomes shorter. VE as natural antioxidants can not only donate electrons to the long-lived charged species but also quench the triplet states of CPs via energy transfer accelerating the depopulation process back to the ground state. The short duration time of the charged species and the triplet states provides higher fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, VE can also directly react with singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species (ROS) preventing them from reacting with CPs. These results not only provide an efficient strategy for improving the photostability of conjugated polymers in solution and films, but also shed light on better understanding the photophysics of conjugated polymers at single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Daocheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
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6
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7
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Su B. Spatially resolved electrochemistry enabled by thin-film optical interference. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12359-12362. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reactions occurring on the local surface can be spatially resolved by successive interferometric imaging of the nanochannel membrane coated electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
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8
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Zhao T, Zhou Q, Lv Y, Han D, Wu K, Zhao L, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Ultrafast Condensation of Carbon Nitride on Electrodes with Exceptional Boosted Photocurrent and Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Dan Han
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
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9
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Zhao T, Zhou Q, Lv Y, Han D, Wu K, Zhao L, Shen Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Ultrafast Condensation of Carbon Nitride on Electrodes with Exceptional Boosted Photocurrent and Electrochemiluminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1139-1143. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanqin Lv
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Dan Han
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Lufang Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Medical School Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China
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10
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High spatial resolution electrochemical biosensing using reflected light microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15196. [PMID: 31645591 PMCID: PMC6811617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If the analyte does not only change the electrochemical but also the optical properties of the electrode/solution interface, the spatial resolution of an electrochemical sensor can be substantially enhanced by combining the electrochemical sensor with optical microscopy. In order to demonstrate this, electrochemical biosensors for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose were developed by drop casting enzyme and redox polymer mixtures onto planar, optically transparent electrodes. These biosensors generate current signals proportional to the analyte concentration via a reaction sequence which ultimately changes the oxidation state of the redox polymer. Images of the interface of these biosensors were acquired using bright field reflected light microscopy (BFRLM). Analysis showed that the intensity of these images is higher when the redox polymer is oxidized than when it is reduced. It also revealed that the time needed for the redox polymer to change oxidation state can be assayed optically and is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. By combining the biosensor for hydrogen peroxide detection with BFRLM, it was possible to determine hydrogen peroxide in concentrations as low as 12.5 µM with a spatial resolution of 12 µm × 12 µm, without the need for the fabrication of microelectrodes of these dimensions.
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11
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Optical methods for studying local electrochemical reactions with spatial resolution: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1074:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Tuncel D. π-Conjugated nanostructured materials: preparation, properties and photonic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:19-33. [PMID: 36132459 PMCID: PMC9473242 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in π-conjugated nanostructures based on conjugated oligomers and polymers, focusing on their preparation, energy transfer abilities, optoelectronic and laser applications, and photophysical properties including light harvesting. This is a rapidly evolving field as these materials are expected to have many important applications in areas such as light-emitting diodes, solid-state lighting, photovoltaics, solid-state lasers, biophotonics, sensing, imaging, photocatalysis, and photodynamic therapy. Other advantages of these materials are their versatility, and consequently, their adaptability to diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönüs Tuncel
- Department of Chemistry, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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13
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Abstract
The Li-ion desertion process of a single LiFePO4 particle with a diameter of 400 nm in aqueous media at high potential is investigated by stochastic collision of the particle at a microelectrode. No extra additive, such as polymeric binder or conductive carbon, is involved in this stochastic measurement. The ion diffusion inside the particle is proved to be the rate-determining step that limits the discharge rate of batteries using LiFePO4 in an aqueous environment. This result offers guidance for exploring the most effective enhancement of Li-ion batteries. Moreover, this general method can be applied to study the electrochemical behavior of other electrode materials as an alternative and complementary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Yige Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
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14
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Wang Y, Shan X, Tao N. Emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry. Faraday Discuss 2018; 193:9-39. [PMID: 27722354 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry studies charge transfer and related processes at various microscopic structures (atomic steps, islands, pits and kinks on electrodes), and mesoscopic materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, viruses, vesicles and cells) made by nature and humans, involving ions and molecules. The traditional approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of these individual entities, including the microstructures, mesoscopic materials, ions and molecules. There is a need to develop tools to study single entities because a real system is usually heterogeneous, e.g., containing nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. Even in the case of "homogeneous" molecules, they bind to different microscopic structures of an electrode, assume different conformations and fluctuate over time, leading to heterogeneous reactions. Here we highlight some emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and provide personal views on the need for tools with new capabilities for further advancing single entity electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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15
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Single-molecule studies beyond optical imaging: Multi-parameter single-molecule spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Chemical activity of single nanoparticles can be imaged and determined by monitoring the optical signal of each individual during chemical reactions with advanced optical microscopes. It allows for clarifying the functional heterogeneity among individuals, and for uncovering the microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics that could otherwise be averaged out in ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Sun
- Department of Materials Chemistry; Huzhou University; Huzhou 313000 P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014 P.R. China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
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18
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Ponzio RA, Marcato YL, Gómez ML, Waiman CV, Chesta CA, Palacios RE. Crosslinked polymer nanoparticles containing single conjugated polymer chains. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 5:024001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa6405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Chen T, Dong B, Chen K, Zhao F, Cheng X, Ma C, Lee S, Zhang P, Kang SH, Ha JW, Xu W, Fang N. Optical Super-Resolution Imaging of Surface Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7510-7537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Changbei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Dahak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Weilin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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Yu J, Rong Y, Kuo CT, Zhou XH, Chiu DT. Recent Advances in the Development of Highly Luminescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots and Nanoparticles for Biological Imaging and Medicine. Anal Chem 2017; 89:42-56. [PMID: 28105818 PMCID: PMC5682631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chun-Ting Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xing-Hua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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21
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Calver CF, Lago BA, Schanze KS, Cosa G. Enhancing the photostability of poly(phenylene ethynylene) for single particle studies. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1821-1831. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced photostability of conjugated polyelectrolytes achieved by using anti-fading agents opens the way for advanced single molecule fluorescence imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Calver
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA)
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - B. A. Lago
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA)
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - K. S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
| | - G. Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA)
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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22
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Al-Kutubi H, Zafarani HR, Rassaei L, Mathwig K. Electrofluorochromic systems: Molecules and materials exhibiting redox-switchable fluorescence. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Wu Z, Zhou CH, Pan LJ, Zeng T, Zhu L, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. Reliable Digital Single Molecule Electrochemistry for Ultrasensitive Alkaline Phosphatase Detection. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9166-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and
Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Tachikawa T, Ochi T, Kobori Y. Crystal-Face-Dependent Charge Dynamics on a BiVO4 Photocatalyst Revealed by Single-Particle Spectroelectrochemistry. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tachikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan
Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ochi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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25
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Feng Y, Dai C, Lei J, Ju H, Cheng Y. Silole-Containing Polymer Nanodot: An Aqueous Low-Potential Electrochemiluminescence Emitter for Biosensing. Anal Chem 2015; 88:845-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- Key
Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Oja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Chadd M. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Peter Defnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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27
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Zaino LP, Grismer DA, Han D, Crouch GM, Bohn PW. Single occupancy spectroelectrochemistry of freely diffusing flavin mononucleotide in zero-dimensional nanophotonic structures. Faraday Discuss 2015; 184:101-15. [PMID: 26406924 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00072f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Zero-mode waveguides (ZMW) have the potential to be powerful confinement tools for studying electron transfer dynamics at single molecule occupancy conditions. Flavin mononucleotide contains an isoalloxazine chromophore, which is fluorescent in the oxidized state (FMN) while the reduced state (FMNH2) exhibits dramatically lower light emission, i.e. a dark-state. This allows fluorescence emission to report the redox state of single FMN molecules, an observation that has been used previously to study single electron transfer events in surface-immobilized flavins and flavoenzymes, e.g. sarcosine oxidase, by direct wide-field imaging of ZMW arrays. Single molecule electron transfer dynamics have now been extended to the study of freely diffusing molecules using fluorescence measurements of Au ZMWs under single occupancy conditions. The Au in the ZMW serves both as an optical cladding layer and as the working electrode for potential control, thereby accessing single molecule electron transfer dynamics at μM concentrations. Consistent with expectations, the probability of observing single reduced molecules increases as the potential is scanned negative, E(appl) < E(eq), and the probability of observing emitting oxidized molecules increases at E(appl) > E(eq). Different single molecules exhibit different electron transfer properties as reflected in the position of E(eq) and the distribution of E(eq) among a population of FMN molecules. Two types of actively-controlled electroluminescence experiments were used: chronofluorometry experiments, in which the potential is alternately stepped between oxidizing and reducing potentials, and cyclic potential sweep fluorescence experiments, analogous to cyclic voltammetry, these latter experiments exhibiting a dramatic scan rate dependence with the slowest scan rates showing distinct intermediate states that are stable over a range of potentials. These states are assigned to flavosemiquinone species that are stabilized in the special environment of the ZMW nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Zaino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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28
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Wilson AJ, Marchuk K, Willets KA. Imaging Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence at Single Gold Nanowire Electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6110-6115. [PMID: 26267267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) generated at single gold nanowire electrodes supported on tin-doped indium oxide. Unlike other single nanoparticle electrochemical characterization techniques, ECL provides a massively parallel direct readout of electrochemical activity on individual nanoparticle electrodes without the need for extrinsic illumination or a scanning electrochemical probe. While ECL is not observed from as-purchased nanowires due to the surfactant layer, by removing the layer and coating the nanowires with a polymer blend, ECL from single nanowire electrodes is readily measured. With an increase in polymer thickness, an increase in ECL image quality and reproducibility over multiple redox cycles is observed. The polymer coating also provides a strategy for stabilizing gold nanoparticle electrodes against complete surface oxidation in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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29
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Kuralay F, Erdem A. Gold nanoparticle/polymer nanocomposite for highly sensitive drug–DNA interaction. Analyst 2015; 140:2876-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a gold nanaparticle/polyvinylferrocenium (AuNP/PVF+) coated platinum (Pt) electrode for sensing highly sensitive DNA–anticancer drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences
- Ordu University
- 52200 Ordu
- Turkey
| | - A. Erdem
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
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30
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Jiang D, Du X, Liu Q, Hao N, Qian J, Dai L, Mao H, Wang K. Anchoring AgBr nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for enhancement of electrochemiluminescence and radical stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4451-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AgBr nanoparticles anchored nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposites were designed to obtain enhanced electrochemiluminescence intensity and better stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Liming Dai
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Hanping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Equipment and Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang
- P. R. China
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31
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Tang F, Wang C, Wang J, Wang X, Li L. Fluorescent organic nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence by self-aggregation and their application to cellular imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:18337-18343. [PMID: 25275214 DOI: 10.1021/am505776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple strategy to prepare organic biocompatible fluorescent nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence. A significant fluorescence enhancement was realized by designing a fluorescent small molecule, 4,4'-(2,7-bis[4-{1,2,2-triphenylvinyl}phenyl]-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,N-trimethylbutan-1-aminum)bromide (TPEFN), with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect. Nanoparticles of TPEFN can be formed through molecular self-aggregation by gradually increasing the water fraction in TPEFN mixed solution (methanol/water). Fluorescence enhancement by about 120-fold was observed after nanoparticle formation. By addition of the biomolecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP), larger nanoparticles of TPEFN are formed and further fluorescence enhancement can be achieved, yielding a total fluorescence enhancement of 420-fold compared with the TPEFN molecular solution. Both of these nanoparticles show very good biocompatibility. Ultrabright spots present in the confocal laser scanning microscopy image again proved the formation of nanoparticles. Positively charged side chains of TPEFN endow these nanoparticles cationic surfaces. The size of the prepared TPEFN nanoparticles and their cationic surface allow them to be rapidly internalized into cells. Cell viability assays prove that the TPEFN nanoparticles have high biocompatibility. These organic fluorescent nanoparticles show great promise for applications in cellular imaging or biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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32
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Schäfer S, Cogan NMB, Krauss TD. Spectroscopic investigation of electrochemically charged individual (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:3138-3144. [PMID: 24797608 DOI: 10.1021/nl5003729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) of (6,5) chirality were investigated by means of optical spectroscopy while their charge state was controlled electrochemically. The photoluminescence of the SWNTs was found to be quenched at positive and negative potentials, where the onset and offset varied for each individual SWNT. We propose that differences in the local environment of the individual SWNT lead to a shift of the Fermi energy, resulting in a distribution of the oxidation and reduction potentials. The exciton emission energy was found to correlate with the oxidation and reduction potential. Further proof of a correlation was found by deliberately doping individual SWNTs and monitoring their photoluminescence spectral shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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33
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Mathwig K, Aartsma TJ, Canters GW, Lemay SG. Nanoscale methods for single-molecule electrochemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:383-404. [PMID: 25000819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of experiments capable of probing individual molecules has led to major breakthroughs in fields ranging from molecular electronics to biophysics, allowing direct tests of knowledge derived from macroscopic measurements and enabling new assays that probe population heterogeneities and internal molecular dynamics. Although still somewhat in their infancy, such methods are also being developed for probing molecular systems in solution using electrochemical transduction mechanisms. Here we outline the present status of this emerging field, concentrating in particular on optical methods, metal-molecule-metal junctions, and electrochemical nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Mathwig
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands; ,
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34
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Oja SM, Guerrette JP, David MR, Zhang B. Fluorescence-enabled electrochemical microscopy with dihydroresorufin as a fluorogenic indicator. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6040-8. [PMID: 24870955 PMCID: PMC4066899 DOI: 10.1021/ac501194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently, we introduced a new electrochemical
imaging technique
called fluorescence-enabled electrochemical microscopy (FFEM). The
central idea of FEEM is that a closed bipolar electrode is utilized
to electrically couple a redox reaction of interest to a complementary
fluorogenic reaction converting an electrochemical signal into a fluorescent
signal. This simple strategy enables one to use fluorescence microscopy
to observe conventional electrochemical processes on very large electrochemical
arrays. The initial demonstration of FEEM focused on the use of a
specific fluorogenic indicator, resazurin, which is reduced to generate
highly fluorescent resorufin. The use of resazurin has enabled the
study of analyte oxidation reactions, such as the oxidation of dopamine
and H2O2. In this report, we extend the capability
of FEEM to the study of cathodic reactions using a new fluorogenic
indicator, dihydroresorufin. Dihydroresorufin is a nonfluorescent
molecule, which can be electrochemically oxidized to generate resorufin.
The use of dihydroresorufin has enabled us to study a series of reducible
analyte species including Fe(CN)63– and
Ru(NH3)63+. Here we demonstrate the
correlation between the simultaneously recorded fluorescence intensity
of resorufin and electrochemical oxidation current during potential
sweep experiments. FEEM is used to quantitatively detect the reduction
of ferricyanide down to a concentration of approximately 100 μM
on a 25 μm ultramicroelectrode. We also demonstrate that dihydroresorufin,
as a fluorogenic indicator, gives an improved temporal response and
significantly decreases diffusional broadening of the signal in FEEM
as compared to resazurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Oja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Bard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712;
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36
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Chen L, Zeng X, Si P, Chen Y, Chi Y, Kim DH, Chen G. Gold Nanoparticle-Graphite-Like C3N4 Nanosheet Nanohybrids Used for Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensor. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4188-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichan Chen
- MOE Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for
Food Safety, and Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Xiaoting Zeng
- MOE Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for
Food Safety, and Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Peng Si
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Yingmei Chen
- MOE Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for
Food Safety, and Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yuwu Chi
- MOE Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for
Food Safety, and Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Guonan Chen
- MOE Key
Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for
Food Safety, and Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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37
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Liu J, Hill CM, Pan S, Liu H. Interfacial charge transfer events of BODIPY molecules: single molecule spectroelectrochemistry and substrate effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23150-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BODIPY dye single molecules on nanostructured substrates are studied with a single molecule spectroelectrochemistry technique to reveal the heterogeneous charge transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa, 35487-0336 USA
| | - Caleb M. Hill
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa, 35487-0336 USA
| | - Shanlin Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa, 35487-0336 USA
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Michigan Technological University
- Houghton, 49931 USA
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38
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Beatrup D, Wade J, Biniek L, Bronstein H, Hurhangee M, Kim JS, McCulloch I, Durrant JR. Polaron stability in semiconducting polymer neat films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14425-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a spectroelectrochemical approach to accelerated electrochemical stability studies of conjugated polymers under oxidative stress. The polaron stabilities of alternating copolymers based on (i) thiophene and thiazole, namely PTTz, and (ii) bithiophene and thiazole, namely PTTTz, are compared in neat films with that of P3HT. P3HT is found to be the most stable whilst PTTz is found to be the least stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Beatrup
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Jessica Wade
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Laure Biniek
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
- Institut Charles Sadron
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Michael Hurhangee
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - James R. Durrant
- Centre for Plastic Electronics and Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- UK
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39
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Hill CM, Pan S. A Dark-Field Scattering Spectroelectrochemical Technique for Tracking the Electrodeposition of Single Silver Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17250-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4075387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Shanlin Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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40
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Kokil A, Chudomel JM, Yang B, Barnes MD, Lahti PM, Kumar J. Determining the Critical Particle Size to Induce Enhanced Emission in Aggregates of a Highly Twisted Triarylamine. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3682-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang L, Wu CF, Wang HY, Wang YF, Chen QD, Han W, Qin WP, McNeill J, Sun HB. Internal structure-mediated ultrafast energy transfer in self-assembled polymer-blend dots. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7265-7270. [PMID: 23817864 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Applications of polymeric semiconductors in organic electronics and biosensors depend critically on the nature of energy transfer in these materials. Important questions arise as to how this long-range transport degrades in amorphous condensed solids which are most amenable to low-cost optoelectronic devices and how fast energy transfer could occur. Here, we address these in disordered, densely packed nanoparticles made from green-light-harvesting host polymers (PFBT) and deep-red-emitting dopant polymers (PF-DBT5). By femtosecond selective excitation of donor (BT) units, we study in detail the internal structure-mediated energy transfer to uniformly distributed, seldom acceptor (DBT) units. It has been unambiguously demonstrated that the creation of interchain species is responsible for the limitation of bulk exciton diffusion length in polymer materials. This interchain Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) becomes a preferred and dominant channel, and near 100% energy transfer efficiency could be achieved at high acceptor concentrations (>10 wt%). Side-chain carboxylic acid groups in functionalized polymer-blend dots slightly slow down the FRET rate, but it could not affect the Förster radius and FRET efficiency. These findings imply that a greater understanding of the role of interchain species could be an efficient approach to improve the cell efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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42
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Wu C, Chiu DT. Highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots for biology and medicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3086-109. [PMID: 23307291 PMCID: PMC5616106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention because of their outstanding characteristics as fluorescent probes. These nanoparticles, which primarily consist of π-conjugated polymers and are called polymer dots (Pdots) when they exhibit small particle size and high brightness, have demonstrated utility in a wide range of applications such as fluorescence imaging and biosensing. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the photophysical properties of Pdots which speak to the merits of these entities as fluorescent labels. This review also highlights the surface functionalization and biomolecular conjugation of Pdots, and their applications in cellular labeling, in vivo imaging, single-particle tracking, biosensing, and drug delivery. We discuss the relationship between the physical properties and performance, and evaluate the merits and limitations of the Pdot probes for certain imaging tasks and fluorescence assays. We also tackle the current challenges of Pdots and share our perspective on the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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43
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Cortés E, Etchegoin PG, Le Ru EC, Fainstein A, Vela ME, Salvarezza RC. Strong Correlation between Molecular Configurations and Charge-Transfer Processes Probed at the Single-Molecule Level by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2809-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja312236y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal
4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo G. Etchegoin
- The MacDiarmid Institute for
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical
Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Eric C. Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for
Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical
Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alejandro Fainstein
- Centro Atómico Bariloche
and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica and Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, (8400)
San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María E. Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal
4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roberto C. Salvarezza
- Instituto de Investigaciones
Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal
4 Casilla de Correo 16 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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44
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Wu C, Chiu DT. Stark fluoreszierende halbleitende Polymerpunkte für Biologie und Medizin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Hill CM, Clayton DA, Pan S. Combined optical and electrochemical methods for studying electrochemistry at the single molecule and single particle level: recent progress and perspectives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20797-807. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52756e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Guerrette JP, Percival SJ, Zhang B. Fluorescence Coupling for Direct Imaging of Electrocatalytic Heterogeneity. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:855-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310401b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Guerrette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen J. Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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47
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Hill CM, Pan S. Efficient Analysis of Single Molecule Spectroscopic Data via MATLAB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2012.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTA MATLAB program is developed to help analyze single molecule spectroscopic data obtained with a standard inverted optical microscope. The described software has provisions to mitigate the effects of high background signals present in such data sets and greatly streamlines their analysis. Efficient single molecule image analysis and statistical blinking analysis are enabled with these programs to support single molecule imaging in an inverted configuration.
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48
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Li Y, Liu J, Liu B, Tomczak N. Highly emissive PEG-encapsulated conjugated polymer nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5694-5702. [PMID: 22878417 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel bioimaging probe based on a conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) (PFBD), is demonstrated. Transfer of the hydrophobic polymer into water using a short chain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) resulted in conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PEG-PFBD) with a fluorescence quantum yield of 46%. The PEG-PFBD nanoparticles possessed several desirable structural and photophysical properties, such as colloidal stability in a broad range of pH values, sub-20 nm particle size, the presence of surface chemical functionality, as well as desirable excitation and emission spectra, for bioimaging applications. PEG-PFBD nanoparticles were conjugated with cyclic RGDfK targeting peptide for labeling of membrane α(V)β(3) integrin receptors on live HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells. Single nanoparticle microscopy revealed that the PEG-capped PFBD nanoparticles exhibit at least ten times higher emitted photon counts than single quantum dots (QD655) of comparable size. In addition, Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) of single PEG-PFBD nanoparticles revealed that the nanoparticles display a clearly resolvable single nanoparticle fluorescence lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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49
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Yu J, Wu C, Tian Z, McNeill J. Tracking of single charge carriers in a conjugated polymer nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:1300-6. [PMID: 22313320 DOI: 10.1021/nl203784m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The motion of individual charge carriers in organic nanostructures was tracked by fluorescence microscopy. A twinkling effect is observed in fluorescence microscopy of single conjugated polymer nanoparticles, that is, small displacements in the fluorescence spot of single nanoparticles of the conjugated polymer PFBT are observed over time. There is evidence that superquenching by the charge carrier induces a dark spot in the nanoparticle, which moves with the carrier, resulting in the observed displacements in the fluorescence. Zero-field mobilities of individual charge carriers consistent with highly trapped polarons were obtained from tracking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, USA
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50
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Gao J, Grey JK. Spectroscopic studies of energy transfer in fluorene co-polymer blend nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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