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Li X, Liu B, Wang J, Li S, Zhen X, Zhi J, Zou J, Li B, Shen Z, Zhang X, Zhang S, Nan CW. High-temperature capacitive energy stroage in polymer nanocomposites through nanoconfinement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6655. [PMID: 39107376 PMCID: PMC11303793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric-based dielectric materials hold great potential as energy storage media in electrostatic capacitors. However, the inferior thermal resistance of polymers leads to severely degraded dielectric energy storage capabilities at elevated temperatures, limiting their applications in harsh environments. Here we present a flexible laminated polymer nanocomposite where the polymer component is confined at the nanoscale, achieving improved thermal-mechanical-electrical stability within the resulting nanocomposite. The nanolaminate, consisting of nanoconfined polyetherimide (PEI) polymer sandwiched between solid Al2O3 layers, exhibits a high energy density of 18.9 J/cm3 with a high energy efficiency of ~ 91% at elevated temperature of 200°C. Our work demonstrates that nanoconfinement of PEI polymer results in reduced diffusion coefficient and constrained thermal dynamics, leading to a remarkable increase of 37°C in glass-transition temperature compared to bulk PEI polymer. The combined effects of nanoconfinement and interfacial trapping within the nanolaminates synergistically contribute to improved electrical breakdown strength and enhanced energy storage performance across temperature range up to 250°C. By utilizing the flexible ultrathin nanolaminate on curved surfaces such as thin metal wires, we introduce an innovative concept that enables the creation of a highly efficient and compact metal-wired capacitor, achieving substantial capacitance despite the minimal device volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices & International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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2
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Kawaguchi D, Sasahara K, Inutsuka M, Abe T, Yamamoto S, Tanaka K. Absolute local conformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) chains adsorbed on a quartz surface. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244902. [PMID: 38146829 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer chains at a buried interface with an inorganic solid play a critical role in the performance of polymer nanocomposites and adhesives. Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy with a sub-nanometer depth resolution provides valuable information regarding the orientation angle of functional groups at interfaces. However, in the case of conventional SFG, since the signal intensity is proportional to the square of the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and thereby loses phase information, it cannot be unambiguously determined whether the functional groups face upward or downward. This problem can be solved by phase-sensitive SFG (ps-SFG). We here applied ps-SFG to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains in direct contact with a quartz surface, shedding light on the local conformation of chains adsorbed onto the solid surface. The measurements made it possible to determine the absolute orientation of the ester methyl groups of PMMA, which were oriented toward the quartz interface. Combining ps-SFG with all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulation, the distribution of the local conformation and the driving force are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Manabu Inutsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamamoto
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Zhang X, Dai X, Gao L, Xu D, Wan H, Wang Y, Yan LT. The entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembling systems. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6806-6837. [PMID: 37743794 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of various building blocks has been considered as a powerful approach to generate novel materials with tailorable structures and optimal properties. Understanding physicochemical interactions and mechanisms related to structural formation and transitions is of essential importance for this approach. Although it is well-known that diverse forces and energies can significantly contribute to the structures and properties of self-assembling systems, the potential entropic contribution remains less well understood. The past few years have witnessed rapid progress in addressing the entropic effects on the structures, responses, and functions in the self-assembling systems, and many breakthroughs have been achieved. This review provides a framework regarding the entropy-controlled strategy of self-assembly, through which the structures and properties can be tailored by effectively tuning the entropic contribution and its interplay with the enthalpic counterpart. First, we focus on the fundamentals of entropy in thermodynamics and the entropy types that can be explored for self-assembly. Second, we discuss the rules of entropy in regulating the structural organization in self-assembly and delineate the entropic force and superentropic effect. Third, we introduce the basic principles, significance and approaches of the entropy-controlled strategy in self-assembly. Finally, we present the applications where this strategy has been employed in fields like colloids, macromolecular systems and nonequilibrium assembly. This review concludes with a discussion on future directions and future research opportunities for developing and applying the entropy-controlled strategy in complex self-assembling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiaobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lijuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Haixiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Li-Tang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Li X, He S, Jiang Y, Wang J, Yu Y, Liu X, Zhu F, Xie Y, Li Y, Ma C, Shen Z, Li B, Shen Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Nan CW. Unraveling bilayer interfacial features and their effects in polar polymer nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5707. [PMID: 37714851 PMCID: PMC10504251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites with nanoparticles dispersed in polymer matrices have attracted extensive attention due to their significantly improved overall performance, in which the nanoparticle-polymer interface plays a key role. Understanding the structures and properties of the interfacial region, however, remains a major challenge for polymer nanocomposites. Here, we directly observe the presence of two interfacial polymer layers around a nanoparticle in polar polymers, i.e., an inner bound polar layer (~10 nm thick) with aligned dipoles and an outer polar layer (over 100 nm thick) with randomly orientated dipoles. Our results reveal that the impacts of the local nanoparticle surface potential and interparticle distance on molecular dipoles induce interfacial polymer layers with different polar molecular conformations from the bulk polymer. The bilayer interfacial features lead to an exceptional enhancement in polarity-related properties of polymer nanocomposites at ultralow nanoparticle loadings. By maximizing the contribution of inner bound polar layer via a nanolamination design, we achieve an ultrahigh dielectric energy storage density of 86 J/cm3, far superior to state-of-the-art polymers and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanda Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yimei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Huo H, Zou J, Yang SG, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu Y, Hao Y, Chen H, Li H, Huang C, Ungar G, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. Multicompartment Nanoparticles by Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Star Polymers: Combining High Stability and Loading Capacity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200706. [PMID: 36353903 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein novel multicompartment nanoparticles (MCNs) that combine high stability and cargo loading capacity are developed. The MCNs are fabricated by crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of a tailor-made 21 arm star polymer, poly(L-lactide)[poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)]20 [PLLA(PtBA-b-PEG)20 ]. Platelet-like or spherical MCNs containing a crystalline PLLA core and hydrophobic PtBA subdomains are formed and stabilized by PEG. Hydrophobic cargos, such as Nile Red and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, can be successfully encapsulated into the collapsed PtBA subdomains with loading capacity two orders of magnitude higher than traditional CDSA nanoparticles. Depolarized fluorescence measurements of the Nile Red loaded MCNs suggest that the free volume of the hydrophobic chains in the nanoparticles may be the key for regulating their drug loading capacity. In vitro study of the MCNs suggests excellent cytocompatibility of the blank nanoparticles as well as a dose-dependent cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the drug-loaded MCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Huo
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Gui Yang
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yanyun Hao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Goran Ungar
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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6
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Merrill JH, Li R, Roth CB. End-Tethered Chains Increase the Local Glass Transition Temperature of Matrix Chains by 45 K Next to Solid Substrates Independent of Chain Length. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1-7. [PMID: 36516977 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The local glass transition temperature Tg of pyrene-labeled polystyrene (PS) chains intermixed with end-tethered PS chains grafted to a neutral silica substrate was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. To isolate the impact of the grafted chains, the films were capped with bulk neat PS layers eliminating competing effects of the free surface. Results demonstrate that end-grafted chains strongly increase the local Tg of matrix chains by ≈45 K relative to bulk Tg, independent of grafted chain molecular weight from Mn = 8.6 to 212 kg/mol and chemical end-group, over a wide range of grafting densities σ = 0.003 to 0.33 chains/nm2 spanning the mushroom-to-brush transition regime. The tens-of-degree increase in local Tg resulting from immobilization of the chain ends by covalent bonding in this athermal system suggests a mechanism that substantially increases the local activation energy required for cooperative rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Merrill
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30322, United States
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30322, United States
| | - Connie B Roth
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30322, United States
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7
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Li J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Sun T, Heng Z, Zuo H. Enhanced mechanical properties of bridged graphene oxide/bismaleimide nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Li
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Han Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tong Sun
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhengguang Heng
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huawei Zuo
- The State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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8
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Lei Z, Zhang Z, Xu L, Yao J, Chen F, Liu Y. GUS Aerogel Modified Phenolic Nanocomposites: Effects of Inhomogeneous Cross-Linking Characteristics and Interfacial Phase Properties on the Mechanical Behavior. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongzhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Beyond particle stabilization of emulsions and foams: Proteins in liquid-liquida and liquid-gas interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Zhu Z, Tsai CY, Zhao M, Baker J, Sue HJ. PMMA Nanocomposites Based on PMMA-Grafted α-Zirconium Phosphate Nanoplatelets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Chia-Ying Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Mingzhen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Joseph Baker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
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11
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Swain A, Das A N, Chandran S, Basu JK. Kinetics of high density functional polymer nanocomposite formation by tuning enthalpic and entropic barriers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1005-1012. [PMID: 35018946 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01681d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High density functional polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with high degree of dispersion have recently emerged as novel materials for various thermo-mechanical, optical and electrical applications. The key challenge is to attain a high loading while maintaining reasonable dispersion to attain maximum possible benefits from the functional nanoparticle additives. Here, we report a facile method to prepare polymer grafted nanoparticle (PGNP)-based high density functional polymer nanocomposites using thermal activation of a high density PGNP monolayer to overcome entropic or enthalpic barriers to insertion of PGNPs into the underlying polymer films. We monitor the temperature-dependent kinetics of penetration of a high density PGNP layer and correlate the penetration time to the effective enthalpic/entropic barriers. The experimental results are corroborated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Repeated application of the methodology to insert nanoparticles by appropriate control over temperature, time and graft-chain properties can lead to enhanced densities of loading in the PNC. Our method can be engineered to produce a wide range of high density polymer nanocomposite membranes for various possible applications including gas separation and water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Nimmi Das A
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - J K Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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12
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Salatto D, Carrillo JMY, Endoh MK, Taniguchi T, Yavitt BM, Masui T, Kishimoto H, Tyagi M, Ribbe AE, Garcia Sakai V, Kruteva M, Sumpter BG, Farago B, Richter D, Nagao M, Koga T. Structural and Dynamical Roles of Bound Polymer Chains in Rubber Reinforcement. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura-Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Benjamin M. Yavitt
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Tomomi Masui
- Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 671-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 671-0027, Japan
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexander E. Ribbe
- Department for Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Victoria Garcia Sakai
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Margarita Kruteva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bela Farago
- Institut Laue−Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP 156-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9 38000, France
| | - Dieter Richter
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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13
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Nanocomposite of Fullerenes and Natural Rubbers: MARTINI Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224044. [PMID: 34833344 PMCID: PMC8626026 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) composites depend on many factors, including the filler loading, filler size, filler dispersion, and filler-rubber interfacial interactions. Thus, NR composites with nano-sized fillers have attracted a great deal of attention for improving properties such as stiffness, chemical resistance, and high wear resistance. Here, a coarse-grained (CG) model based on the MARTINI force field version 2.1 has been developed and deployed for simulations of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (cis-PI). The model shows qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experiments and atomistic simulations. Interestingly, only a 0.5% difference with respect to the experimental result of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cis-PI in the melts was observed. In addition, the mechanical and thermodynamical properties of the cis-PI-fullerene(C60) composites were investigated. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of cis-PI-C60 composites with varying fullerene concentrations (0-32 parts per hundred of rubber; phr) were performed over 200 microseconds. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites were determined. The density, bulk modulus, thermal expansion, heat capacity, and Tg of the NR composites were found to increase with increasing C60 concentration. The presence of C60 resulted in a slight increasing of the end-to-end distance and radius of the gyration of the cis-PI chains. The contribution of C60 and cis-PI interfacial interactions led to an enhancement of the bulk moduli of the composites. This model should be helpful in the investigations and design of effective fillers of NR-C60 composites for improving their properties.
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14
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Salminen L, Karjalainen E, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions. Front Chem 2021; 9:721656. [PMID: 34386483 PMCID: PMC8354582 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.721656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Sunday DF, Thelen JL, Zhou C, Ren J, Nealey PF, Kline RJ. Buried Structure in Block Copolymer Films Revealed by Soft X-ray Reflectivity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9577-9587. [PMID: 34014640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between polymers and surfaces can be used to influence properties including mechanical performance in nanocomposites, the glass transition temperature, and the orientation of thin film block copolymers (BCPs). In this work we investigate how specific interactions between the substrate and BCPs with varying substrate affinity impact the interfacial width between polymer components. The interface width is generally assumed to be a function of the BCP properties and independent of the surface affinity or substrate proximity. Using resonant soft X-ray reflectivity the optical constants of the film can be controlled by changing the incident energy, thereby varying the depth sensitivity of the measurement. Resonant soft X-ray reflectivity measurements were conducted on films of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) and PS-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), where the thickness of the film was varied from half the periodicity (L0) of the BCP to 5.5 L0. The results of this measurement on the PS-b-P2VP films show a significant expansion of the interface width immediately adjacent to the surface. This is likely caused by the strong adsorption of P2VP to the substrate, which constrains the mobility of the junction points, preventing them from reaching their equilibrium distribution and expanding the observed interface width. The interface width decays toward equilibrium moving away from the substrate, with the decay rate being a function of film thickness below a critical limit. The PMMA block appears to be more mobile, and the BCP interfaces near the substrate match their equilibrium value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jacob L Thelen
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chun Zhou
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiaxing Ren
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - R Joseph Kline
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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16
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Martin-Fabiani I, Drakopoulos SX, Forte G, Prévost S, Hoffmann I, Ronca S. Chain Dynamics of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Composites with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:460-465. [PMID: 35549228 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the melt chain dynamics of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and its composites with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets by means of neutron spin echo spectroscopy. For the GO concentrations explored, we observe hindered chain dynamics with respect to the pure UHMWPE. We propose a model where a fraction of the polymer is immobilized on top and at the bottom of GO sheets. This model enables us to provide a microscopic measurement of the adsorbed and free polymer fractions, as well as the thickness of the adsorbed layer. Our experiments provide experimental nanoscopic evidence of GO hindering entanglement formation in a polymer melt, a phenomenon that had been observed at the macroscale before via rheological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Martin-Fabiani
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Stavros X. Drakopoulos
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL), F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sara Ronca
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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17
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Utpalla P, Sharma SK, Deshpande SK, Bahadur J, Sen D, Sahu M, Pujari PK. Role of free volumes and segmental dynamics on ion conductivity of PEO/LiTFSI solid polymer electrolytes filled with SiO 2 nanoparticles: a positron annihilation and broadband dielectric spectroscopy study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8585-8597. [PMID: 33876020 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The limited ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes is a major issue for their industrial application. Enhancement of ionic conductivity in the poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, based electrolyte has been achieved by loading passive nanofillers such as SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). To investigate the role of modifications in free volume characteristics and the polymer chain dynamics induced by the loading of passive fillers on the ionic conductivity of the PEO based ternary electrolyte, a systematic investigation has been carried out using positron annihilation and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. As a result of interfacial interactions, the loading of SiO2 NPs alters the semi-crystalline morphology of PEO resulting in a higher crystallinity at lower loadings due to the surface confinement of PEO chains, and the formation of smaller PEO crystallites at higher loadings due to interparticle nanoconfinement. These modifications are accompanied by a decrease in free volume fraction at the lowest loading (0.5 wt%) followed by an increase at higher loadings (≥2.0 wt%). The Almond-West formalism considering two different universalities in different temperature and frequency ranges has been used to explain the ion-conduction process at different NP loadings. The Li ion conductivity is observed to be maximum for a 5.0 wt% loading of SiO2 NPs. The enhancement in ionic conductivity is observed to be directly correlated with the free volume characteristics and segmental dynamics of the PEO matrix, confirming their role in ion transport in polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Utpalla
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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18
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Heydarnezhad HR, Mohammadi N, Alegria A. Non-Einstein Rheology in Segmented Polyurethane Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Heydarnezhad
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián E-20018, Spain
| | - Naser Mohammadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Angel Alegria
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastián E-20018, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
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19
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Xu C, Hung C, Cao Y, Liu HH. Tunable Crosslinking, Reversible Phase Transition, and 3D Printing of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels via Dynamic Coordination of Innate Carboxyl Groups and Metallic Ions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2408-2428. [PMID: 35014361 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article reports tunable crosslinking, reversible phase transition, and three-dimensional printing (3DP) of hyaluronic acid (HyA) hydrogels via dynamic coordination of Fe3+ ions with their innate carboxyl groups for the first time. The concentrations of Fe3+ and H+ ions and the reaction time determine the tunable ratios of mono-, bi-, and tridentate coordination, leading to the low-to-high crosslinking densities and reversible solid-liquid phase transition of HyA hydrogels. At the monodentate-dominant coordination, the liquid hydrogels have low crosslinking densities (HyA_L). At the mixed coordination of mono-, bi-, and tridentate bonding, the solid hydrogels have medium crosslinking densities (HyA_M). At the tridentate-dominant coordination, the solid hydrogels have high crosslinking densities (HyA_H). The reversible solid-liquid phase transitions among HyA_L, HyA_M, and HyA_H were achieved via controlling the concentrations of Fe3+ and H+ ions and reaction time. When the crosslinking densities are between HyA_L and HyA_M, the hydrogels become 3D printable (HyA_P). HyA_P hydrogels were 3D-printed successfully using cold-stage or direct writing methods, and the 3D constructs achieved better structural stability using the latter method. In the direct exposure culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, the 3D-printed HyA_H (HyA_H_3D) and HyA_H hydrogels showed higher average cell adhesion densities than the HyA_M, HyA_P, and HyA_L hydrogel groups under both direct and indirect contact conditions. For all hydrogel groups, cell adhesion densities under direct contact conditions were statistically lower than the same groups under indirect contact conditions. In this article, we elucidated the mechanisms of dynamic coordination and the relationships among the key parameters in controlling the tunable crosslinking, reversible phase transition, and 3DP of HyA hydrogels without blending with other polymers or adding functional groups. This approach can be potentially adapted to crosslink and 3D print other polymeric hydrogels with carboxyl groups, which is promising for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlu Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chengi Hung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Huinan H Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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20
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Wu X, Tang S, Song G, Zhang Z, Tan DQ. High-temperature resistant polypropylene films enhanced by atomic layer deposition. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Last two decades has witnessed various technical programs towards the development of new dielectric films for high temperature and high energy density capacitor technology. Yet, the organic polypropylene film still holds its top position for film capacitors required for electric and electronic power applications such as power grid, hybrid electric vehicles, oil and gas exploration, and aviation. However, its low temperature stability determined by its structural nature limits its further adoption for more rising markets. This work thus developed a creative method (ultrathin coating of inorganic compound using atomic layer deposition) to increase the high temperature stability and the dielectric strength of such a strategically important polymer film from below 105 °C to above 140 °C. Several techniques also confirmed the effective minimization of the dimensional change and crystallinity loss at higher temperatures, i.e., Thermomechanical analysis, Dynamic mechanical analysis, Dynamic Scanning calorimetry, x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. This breakthrough discovery adds a huge value to the commercial PP films and relevant capacitor industry and will extend the operation of high-performance PP film capacitors to various high standard applications.
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21
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Cho YJ, Kong L, Islam R, Nie M, Zhou W, Lu K. Photothermal self-healing of gold nanoparticle-polystyrene hybrids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20726-20736. [PMID: 33030190 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the processing and photothermal healing of gold nanoparticle (Au NP) and polystyrene (PS) hybrid films. Effects of Au NP contents were investigated using hybrid films with the NP content from 0 to 1 wt% via a solvent-assisted approach. The as-synthesized Au NPs showed an average diameter of 4-5 nm with a face-centered cubic structure. The Au NP agglomeration deteriorated as the content increased and the interparticle distance decreased. The film transparency and flexibility also decreased with the NP content. The Au-PS films demonstrated desirable photothermal healing behaviors, which required more energy with the defect size increase. The simulated temperature distribution on the hybrid films during the photo-induced healing showed good agreement with the experimental results, with particle agglomeration degrading the healing properties. The developed hybrid films can be used in functional devices and coatings with high flexibility and healed using photon energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Je Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Lingchen Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Rezawana Islam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Meitong Nie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kathy Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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22
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Park IH, Lee JY, Ahn SJ, Choi HJ. Melt Rheology and Mechanical Characteristics of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Alkylated Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2402. [PMID: 33086526 PMCID: PMC7603137 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites were synthesized by a solution blending and coagulation method using alkylated graphene oxide (AGO) as a reinforcing agent. Turbiscan confirmed that the alkylation of GO led to enhanced compatibility between the matrix and the filler. The improved dispersity of the filler resulted in superior interfacial adhesion between the PLA chains and AGO basal plane, leading to enhanced mechanical and rheological properties compared to neat PLA. The tensile strength and elongation at break, i.e., ductility, increased by 38% and 42%, respectively, at the same filler content nanocomposite (PLA/AGO 1 wt %) compared to nonfiller PLA. Rheological analysis of the nanocomposites in the molten state of the samples was performed to understand the filler network formed inside the matrix. The storage modulus increased significantly from PLA/AGO 0.5 wt % (9.6 Pa) to PLA/AGO 1.0 wt % (908 Pa). This indicates a percolation threshold between the two filler contents. A steady shear test was performed to examine the melt flow characteristics of PLA/AGO nanocomposites at 170 °C, and the viscosity was predicted using the Carreau-Yasuda model.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.H.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.H.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Seung Jae Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea;
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (I.H.P.); (J.Y.L.)
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23
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Sakib N, Koh YP, Huang Y, Mongcopa KIS, Le AN, Benicewicz BC, Krishnamoorti R, Simon SL. Thermal and Rheological Analysis of Polystyrene-Grafted Silica Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazam Sakib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yung P. Koh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Katrina Irene S. Mongcopa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Amy N. Le
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Sindee L. Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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24
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Bakir M, Meyer JL, Pang S, Economy J, Jasiuk I. Merging versatile polymer chemistry with multifunctional nanoparticles: an overview of crosslinkable aromatic polyester matrix nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1389-1403. [PMID: 31939988 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current trend in the global advanced material market is expeditiously shifting towards more lightweight, multifunctional configurations, considering very recent developments in electrical aircraft, biomedical devices, and autonomous automobiles. Hence, the development of novel polymer nanocomposite materials is critical to advancing the current state-of-the-art of structural material technologies to address the pressing performance demands. Aiming at expanding the existing material design space, we have investigated crosslinkable aromatic polyester matrix nanocomposites. Aromatic polyesters, in the thermosetting form, are a prospective high-performance/high-temperature polymer technology, which is on a par with conventional epoxy-derivative resins and high-performance engineering thermoplastics in the range of their potential applications. The aromatic matrix-based thermosetting nanocomposites manifest greatly enhanced physical properties enabled by a chemistry-favored robust interfacial covalent coupling mechanism developed during the in situ polymerization reaction with various nanofiller particle configurations. Here, we provide a summary review of our recent efforts in developing this novel polymer nanocomposite material system. We highlight the chemical strategy, fabrication approach, and processing techniques developed to obtain various nanocomposite representations for structural, electrical, optical, biomedical, and tribological applications. The unique characteristic features emerging in the nanocomposite morphologies, along with their physicochemical effects on the multifunctional macroscale properties, are demonstrated. This unique matrix configuration introduces superior performance elements to polymer nanocomposite applications towards designing advanced composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Bakir
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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25
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Huang JH, Sun DD, Lu RX, Zhang H, Khan RAA. Simulation on diffusivity and statistical size of polymer chains in polymer nanocomposites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21919-21927. [PMID: 32970078 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dynamical and conformational properties of polymer chains are affected significantly by strongly attractive nanoparticles. The adsorption of polymer chains on nanoparticles not only reduces the dynamics but also changes the conformation of polymer chains. For orderly distributed nanoparticles of size roughly the same as the radius of gyration of polymer chains, the variation of the diffusivity is highly related to that of the statistical size and can be explained mainly from the adsorption of polymers. In particular, both the polymer's size and diffusivity reach the minimum when the number of polymer chains matches the number of nanoparticles where polymer chains are mostly adsorbed on separate nanoparticles. The behavior of diffusivity can be explained from the cooperation of polymer adsorption and nanoparticle-exchange motion. Adsorption of the polymer chain slows down the diffusion, whereas the nanoparticle-exchange motion accelerates the diffusion of polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Rong-Xing Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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26
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Zhang M, Lai Y, Li M, Hong T, Wang W, Yu H, Li L, Zhou Q, Ke Y, Zhan X, Zhu T, Huang C, Yin P. The Microscopic Structure–Property Relationship of Metal–Organic Polyhedron Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Tao Hong
- Deparmemt of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Weiyu Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haitao Yu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lengwan Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Qianjie Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yubin Ke
- China Spallation Neutron SourceInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Science Dongguan 523000 China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhan
- China Spallation Neutron SourceInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Science Dongguan 523000 China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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27
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Chu CY, Li YC, Jang GW, Pu YC, Chen MZ, Chen PY. Qualitative Effect of the Polymerization Rate on the Nanoparticle Dispersion in Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Silica Nanocomposite Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yi Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Li
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsin-Chu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Way Jang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsin-Chu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Pu
- Department of Materials Science, National University of Tainan, Tainan 70005, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Zhe Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Chen
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsin-Chu 31040, Taiwan
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28
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Zhang M, Lai Y, Li M, Hong T, Wang W, Yu H, Li L, Zhou Q, Ke Y, Zhan X, Zhu T, Huang C, Yin P. The Microscopic Structure-Property Relationship of Metal-Organic Polyhedron Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17412-17417. [PMID: 31545541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monodispersed hairy nanocomposites with typical 2 nm (isophthalic acid)24 Cu24 metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) as a core protected by 24 polymer chains with controlled narrow molecular weight distribution has been probed by imaging and scattering studies for the heterogeneity of polymers in the nanocomposites and the confinement effect the MOPs imposing on anchored polymers. Typical confined-extending surrounded by one entanglement area is proposed to describe the physical states of the polymer chains. This model dictates the counterintuitive thermal and rheological properties and prohibited solvent exchange properties of the nanocomposites, whilst those polymer chain states are tunable and deterministic based on their component inputs. From the relationship between the structure and behavior of the MOP nanocomposites, a MOP-composited thermoplastic elastomer was obtained, providing practical solutions to improve mechanical/rheological performances and processabilities of inorganic MOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Deparmemt of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - Weiyu Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lengwan Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qianjie Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yubin Ke
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhan
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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29
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Ning X, Jimenez AM, Pribyl J, Li S, Benicewicz B, Kumar SK, Schadler LS. Nanoparticle Organization by Growing Polyethylene Crystal Fronts. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1341-1346. [PMID: 35651145 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the crystallization-induced ordering of C18 grafted 14 nm diameter spherical silica nanoparticles (NPs) in a short chain (Mw = 4 kDa, ĐM ≈ 2.3) polyethylene and a commercial high-density polyethylene (Mw = 152 kDa, ĐM ≈ 3.2) matrix. For slow isothermal crystallization of the low molecular weight matrix, the NPs segregate into the interlamellar regions. This result establishes the generality of our earlier work on poly(ethylene oxide) based materials and suggests that crystallization can be used to control NP dispersion across different polymer classes. The incompatibility between the particles and the matrix in the Mw = 152 kDa results in a competition between filler organization and filler agglomeration. The mechanical properties improve due to the addition of NPs and are further enhanced by particle organization, even for the case of the macrophase-separated mixtures in the Mw = 152 kDa matrix. In contrast, dielectric behavior is strongly affected by the scale of NP organization, with the lower molecular weight matrix showing more significant increases in permittivity due to the local scale of NP ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Andrew M. Jimenez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Julia Pribyl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Brian Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Linda S. Schadler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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30
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Hagita K, Morita H. Effects of polymer/filler interactions on glass transition temperatures of filler-filled polymer nanocomposites. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Nanoparticle Dispersion and Glass Transition Behavior of Polyimide-grafted Silica Nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Parisi D, Truzzolillo D, Deepak VD, Gauthier M, Vlassopoulos D. Transition from Confined to Bulk Dynamics in Symmetric Star–Linear Polymer Mixtures. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Vishnu D. Deepak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Carsi M, Sanchis MJ, Gómez CM, Rodriguez S, G Torres F. Effect of Chitin Whiskers on the Molecular Dynamics of Carrageenan-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061083. [PMID: 31242647 PMCID: PMC6630605 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Films of carrageenan (KC) and glycerol (g) with different contents of chitin nanowhiskers (CHW) were prepared by a solution casting process. The molecular dynamics of pure carrageenan (KC), carrageenan/glycerol (KCg) and KCg with different quantities of CHWs as a filler was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The analysis of the CHW effect on the molecular mobility at the glass transition, Tg, indicates that non-attractive intermolecular interactions between KCg and CHW occur. The fragility index increased upon CHW incorporation, due to a reduction in the polymer chains mobility produced by the CHW confinement of the KCg network. The apparent activation energy associated with the relaxation dynamics of the chains at Tg slightly increased with the CHW content. The filler nature effect, CHW or montmorillonite (MMT), on the dynamic mobility of the composites was analyzed by comparing the dynamic behavior of both carrageenan-based composites (KCg/xCHW, KCg/xMMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carsi
- Department of Applied Thermodynamics, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Maria J Sanchis
- Department of Applied Thermodynamics, Instituto de Tecnología Eléctrica, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara M Gómez
- Departament de Química Física, Institut de Ciència dels Materials, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sol Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima 32, Peru.
| | - Fernando G Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima 32, Peru.
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34
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Eriksson M, Hamers J, Peijs T, Goossens H. The Influence of Graft Length and Density on Dispersion, Crystallisation and Rheology of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Silica Nanocomposites. Molecules 2019; 24:E2106. [PMID: 31163705 PMCID: PMC6600597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different techniques of grafting polymer chains to filler surfaces are often employed to compatibilise filler and polymer matrices. In this paper the influence of graft length and graft density on the state of dispersion, crystallisation and rheological properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites are reported. Grafted silica nanoparticles were prepared through polymerisation of PCL from the nanoparticle surface. Graft length was controlled by the reaction time, while the grafting density was controlled by the monomer-to-initiator ratio. Grafted nanoparticles were mixed with PCL of different molecular weights and the state of dispersion was assessed. Different matrix-to-graft molecular weight ratios resulted in different states of dispersion. Composites based on the higher molecular weight matrix exhibited small spherical agglomerates while the lower molecular weight matrix revealed more sheet-like microstructures. The state of dispersion was found to be relatively independent of graft length and density. Under quiescent conditions the grafts showed increased nucleation ability in the higher molecular weight PCL, while in the lower molecular weight matrix the effect was less pronounced. Rheological experiments showed an increase in viscosity with increased filler content, which was beneficial for the formation of oriented structures in shear-induced crystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eriksson
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris Hamers
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton Peijs
- Materials Engineering Centre (MEC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Han Goossens
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands.
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35
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Wen X, Zhao W, Su Y, Wang D. Interfacial effects on crystallization behavior of polymer nanocomposites with polymer‐grafted nanoparticles. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Wen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yunlan Su
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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36
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Zuo B, Zhou H, Davis MJB, Wang X, Priestley RD. Effect of Local Chain Conformation in Adsorbed Nanolayers on Confined Polymer Molecular Mobility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:217801. [PMID: 31283350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.217801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces play an important role in modifying the dynamics of polymers confined to the nanoscale. We demonstrate that the distance over which an interface suppresses molecular mobility in poly(styrene) thin films can be systematically increased by tens of nanometers by controlling the chain of conformation, i.e., the height of the loops in irreversibly adsorbed nanolayers. These effects arise from topological interaction between adsorbed and neighboring unadsorbed chains, respectively, which increase their motional coupling to facilitate the propagation of suppressed dynamics originating at the interface, thus highlighting the ability to manipulate interfacial effects by local conformation of chains in adsorbed nanolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mary J B Davis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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37
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Zuo B, Wang F, Hao Z, He H, Zhang S, Priestley RD, Wang X. Influence of the Interfacial Effect on Polymer Thin-Film Dynamics Scaled by the Distance of Chain Mobility Suppression by the Substrate. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiwei Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haolin He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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38
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Kumar S, Sriramoju KK, Aswal VK, Padmanabhan V, Harikrishnan G. Unraveling the Polymer Chain-Adsorbed Constrained Interfacial Region on an Atomistically Thin Carbon Sheet. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2994-3001. [PMID: 30864808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of graphene and its functional derivatives in synthetic and biomacromolecules has been widely demonstrated recently to manifest in several multiscale phenomena in their mixtures. However, the intricate adsorbed interfacial region formed between polymer chains and a single layer of atomistically thin carbon sheet hitherto evaded an understanding of its nature and characteristics. Here, we reveal the structure of this constrained region and estimate the thickness of the adsorbed polymer layer on a single layer of an atomistically thin graphene oxide sheet using both direct experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. We use small-angle neutron scattering on a model multicomponent mixture formed by an adsorbing polymer, graphene oxide, and solvent for revealing the structure of the constrained interfacial region. We quantify the intricate adsorbed polymer layer thickness on a single layer of atomistically thin graphene oxide sheet by Euclidean approximation of the experimentally observed self-similar interfacial structure. The state of polymer chain random walk and influence of unadsorbed chains under experimental conditions are investigated and juxtaposed against the accuracy of this quantification. For long-chain polymers, the adsorbed layer thickness increases with increasing polymer molecular weight and shows a scaling relationship δ ∼ Rg0.22 with the polymer radius of gyration. For short-chain polymers, the thickness is nearly independent of molecular weight and shows a scaling relationship δ ∼ 0.6 Rg0.22. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations performed on a model system similar to experiments qualitatively ratify the experimentally observed molecular weight-thickness relationship. Simulations show no discernible scaling relationship between radius of gyration and adsorbed layer thickness for low-molecular-weight polymers but show a consistent scaling δ ∼ Rg for high-molecular-weight polymers. A comparison between results from experiments and simulations indicates a discerning pathway in deciphering interface-governed multiscale phenomena in mixtures of adsorbing macromolecules with graphene and its functional derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Kishore Kumar Sriramoju
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Venkat Padmanabhan
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Tennessee Technological University , Cookeville , Tennessee 38505 , United States
| | - G Harikrishnan
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
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39
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Balwani A, Faraone A, Davis EM. Impact of Nanoparticles on the Segmental and Swelling Dynamics of Ionomer Nanocomposite Membranes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Balwani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Antonio Faraone
- National Institute
of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Eric M. Davis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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40
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Koga T, Barkley D, Nagao M, Taniguchi T, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Masui T, Kishimoto H, Koga M, Rudick JG, Endoh MK. Interphase Structures and Dynamics near Nanofiller Surfaces in Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michihiro Nagao
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, United States
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Tomomi Masui
- Sumitomo Rubber
Industries
Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 671-0027, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishimoto
- Sumitomo Rubber
Industries
Ltd., 1-1, 2-chome, Tsutsui-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 671-0027, Japan
| | - Maho Koga
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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41
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Begam N, Das A N, Chandran S, Ibrahim M, Padmanabhan V, Sprung M, Basu JK. Nanoparticle-polymer interfacial layer properties tune fragility and dynamic heterogeneity of athermal polymer nanocomposite films. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8853-8859. [PMID: 30357240 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01729h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enthalpic interactions at the interface between nanoparticles and matrix polymers are known to influence various properties of the resultant polymer nanocomposites (PNC). For athermal PNCs, consisting of grafted nanoparticles embedded in chemically identical polymers, the role and extent of the interface layer (IL) interactions in determining the properties of the nanocomposites are not very clear. Here, we demonstrate the influence of the interfacial layer dynamics on the fragility and dynamical heterogeneity (DH) of athermal and glassy PNCs. The IL properties are altered by changing the grafted to matrix polymer size ratio, f, which in turn changes the extent of matrix chain penetration into the grafted layer, λ. The fragility of PNCs is found to increase monotonically with increasing entropic compatibility, characterised by increasing λ. Contrary to observations in most polymers and glass formers, we observe an anti-correlation between the dependence on IL dynamics of fragility and DH, quantified by the experimentally estimated Kohlrausch-Watts-Williams parameter and the non-Gaussian parameter obtained from simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Begam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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42
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Jiao YQ, Deng LM, Yang SY, Zhang P. Cleaner preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/barium titanate composites: Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties and relaxation dynamics. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Q. Jiao
- Dongguan Cleaner Production Center; Dongguan University of Technology; Dongguan 523808 China
| | - L. M. Deng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; Dongguan 523808 China
| | - S. Y. Yang
- Dongguan Cleaner Production Center; Dongguan University of Technology; Dongguan 523808 China
| | - P. Zhang
- Dongguan Cleaner Production Center; Dongguan University of Technology; Dongguan 523808 China
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43
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Bakir M, Meyer JL, Sutrisno A, Economy J, Jasiuk I. Aromatic thermosetting copolyester bionanocomposites as reconfigurable bone substitute materials: Interfacial interactions between reinforcement particles and polymer network. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14869. [PMID: 30291259 PMCID: PMC6173751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of porous materials consisting of polymer host matrix enriched with bioactive ceramic particles that can initiate the reproduction of cellular organisms while maintaining in vivo mechanical reliability is a long-standing challenge for synthetic bone substitutes. We present hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP) matrix bionanocomposite as a potential reconfigurable bone replacement material. The nanocomposite is fabricated by solid-state mixing a matching set of precursor oligomers with biocompatible pristine HA particles. During endothermic condensation polymerization reaction, the constituent oligomers form a mechanochemically robust crosslinked aromatic backbone while incorporating the HAs into a self-generated cellular structure. The morphological analysis demonstrates near-homogenous distributions of the pristine HAs within the matrix. The HAs behave as a crack-arrester which promotes a more deformation-tolerant formation with relatively enhanced material toughness. Chain relaxation dynamics of the nanocomposite matrix during glass transition is modified via HA-induced segmental immobilization. Chemical characterization of the polymer backbone composition reveals the presence of a hydrogen-advanced covalent interfacial coupling mechanism between the HAs and ATSP matrix. This report lays the groundwork for further studies on aromatic thermosetting copolyester matrix bionanocomposites which may find applications in various artificial bone needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Bakir
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jacob L Meyer
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,ATSP Innovations, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Andre Sutrisno
- NMR/EPR Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - James Economy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,ATSP Innovations, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Iwona Jasiuk
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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44
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Lenart WR, Hore MJ. Structure–property relationships of polymer-grafted nanospheres for designing advanced nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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45
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Kangovi GN, Park S, Lee S. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects on the Phase States of Amorphous Polymer and Organic Crystal Mixtures. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang Z, Hou G, Shen J, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhao X, Zhang L. Designing the Slide-Ring Polymer Network with both Good Mechanical and Damping Properties via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E964. [PMID: 30960889 PMCID: PMC6403985 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Through coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, we have successfully designed the chemically cross-linked (fixed junction) and the slide-ring (SR) systems. Firstly, we examine the dynamic properties such as the mean-square displacement, the bond, and the end-to-end autocorrelation functions as a function of the cross-linking density, consistently pointing out that the SR system exhibits much lower mobility compared with the fixed junction one at the same cross-linking density. This is further validated by a relatively higher glass transition temperature for the SR system compared with that of the fixed junction one. Then, we calculated the effect of the cross-linking density on the stretch-recovery behavior for the SR and fixed junction systems. Although the chain orientation of the SR system is higher than that of the fixed-junction system, the tensile stress is smaller than the latter. We infer that much greater chain sliding can occur during the stretch, because the movable ring structure homogeneously sustains the external force of the SR system, which, therefore, leads to much larger permanent set and higher hysteresis during the recovery process compared with the fixed-junction one. Based on the stretch-recovery behavior for various cross-linking densities, we obtain the change of the hysteresis loss, which is larger for the SR system than that of the fixed junction system. Lastly, we note that the relatively bigger compressive stress for the SR system results from the aggregation of the rigid rings compared with the fixed junction system. In general, compared with the traditionally cross-linked system, a deep molecular-level insight into the slide-ring polymer network is offered and thus is believed to provide some guidance to the design and preparation of the slide-ring polymer network with both good mechanical and damping properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Guanyi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Trazkovich AJ, Wendt MF, Hall LM. Effect of copolymer sequence on structure and relaxation times near a nanoparticle surface. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5913-5921. [PMID: 29972193 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We simulate a simple nanocomposite consisting of a single spherical nanoparticle surrounded by coarse-grained polymer chains. The polymers are composed of two different monomer types that differ only in their interaction strengths with the nanoparticle. We examine the effect of adjusting copolymer sequence on the structure as well as the end-to-end vector autocorrelation, bond vector autocorrelation, and self-intermediate scattering function relaxation times as a function of distance from the nanoparticle surface. We show how the range and magnitude of the interphase of slowed dynamics surrounding the nanoparticle depend strongly on sequence blockiness. We find that, depending on block length, blocky copolymers can have faster or slower dynamics than a random copolymer. Certain blocky copolymer sequences lead to relaxation times near the nanoparticle surface that are slower than those of either homopolymer system. Thus, tuning copolymer sequence could allow for significant control over the nanocomposite behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Trazkovich
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA.
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Wei Y, Wu H, Weng G, Zhang Y, Cao X, Gu Z, Liu Y, Liu R, Zhou Z, Nie Y. Effect of interface on bulk polymer: control of glass transition temperature of rubber. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Romo-Uribe A. Viscoelasticity and microstructure of POSS-methyl methacrylate nanocomposites. Dynamics and entanglement dilution. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Glor EC, Angrand GV, Fakhraai Z. Exploring the broadening and the existence of two glass transitions due to competing interfacial effects in thin, supported polymer films. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:203330. [PMID: 28571332 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we use ellipsometry to characterize the glass transition in ultra-thin films of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) supported on a silicon substrate. P2VP is known to have attractive substrate interactions, which can increase the Tg of ultra-thin films compared to the bulk value. Here, we use an extended temperature range to show that the glass transition can be extremely broad, indicating that a large gradient of the dynamics exists through the film with slow dynamics near the substrate and enhanced dynamics at the free surface. To observe the effect of these two interfaces on the average thin film dynamics, cooling rate-dependent Tg (CR-Tg) measurements were used to indirectly probe the average relaxation times of the films. We demonstrate that ultra-thin films have lower fragility compared to bulk films, and, when cooled at slow cooling rates (<1 K/min), exhibit extreme broadening of the dynamics (<70 nm) and eventually complete decoupling between the free surface and substrate regions to produce films with two distinct Tg's (<16 nm). Tg,high increases with decreasing thickness in a similar manner to what has been observed in previous studies on P2VP, and Tg,low decreases with decreasing film thickness in a similar manner to what has been observed in polymer films with enhanced free surfaces and neutral substrate interactions. These observations indicate that the dynamics in thin films of P2VP can be strongly coupled over a length scale of ∼10-20 nm, resulting in two co-existing layers with two distinct glass transitions when the range of the dynamical gradients become too large to sustain (breadth of the transition > 50 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan C Glor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Gabriel V Angrand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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