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Deng YF, Wang YN, Zhao XH, Zhang YZ. Exploring a prototype for cooperative structural phase transition in cobalt(II) spin crossover compounds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:699-705. [PMID: 38078541 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03529h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The creation of magnetically switchable materials that concurrently incorporate spin crossover (SCO) and a structural phase transition (SPT) presents a significant challenge in materials science. In this study, we prepared four structurally related cobalt(II)-based SCO compounds: two one-dimensional (1D) chains of {[(enbzp)Co(μ-L)](ClO4)2·sol}n (L = bpee, sol = 2MeOH·H2O, 1; L = bpea, sol = none, 2; enbzp = N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine); bpee = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene; and bpea = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) and their discrete segments, [{(enbzp)Co}2(μ-L)](ClO4)4·2MeOH (L = bpee, 3; L = bpea, 4). In all of these complexes, each Co(II) center is equatorially chelated by the planar tetradentate ligand enbzp and connected to a chain or dinuclear structure through bpee or bpea ligands along its axial direction. All of the complexes, including their desolvated phases, displayed overall incomplete and gradual SCO properties. Interestingly, the desolvated phase of 1 exhibited an additional non-spin magnetic transition characterized by wide room-temperature hysteresis (>40 K), which was reversible and rate-dependent, showcasing the synergy between SCO and SPT manifested through slow kinetics. We discuss the possible reasons for the distinct features and our findings demonstrate that the combination of a rigid polymeric framework with flexible substituents holds promise for achieving synergy between SCO and SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yi-Nuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuan-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Liu P, Wang J, Zeng Z. An Overview of the Stability Analysis of Recurrent Neural Networks With Multiple Equilibria. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2023; 34:1098-1111. [PMID: 34449396 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2021.3105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stability analysis of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with multiple equilibria has received extensive interest since it is a prerequisite for successful applications of RNNs. With the increasing theoretical results on this topic, it is desirable to review the results for a systematical understanding of the state of the art. This article provides an overview of the stability results of RNNs with multiple equilibria including complete stability and multistability. First, preliminaries on the complete stability and multistability analysis of RNNs are introduced. Second, the complete stability results of RNNs are summarized. Third, the multistability results of various RNNs are reviewed in detail. Finally, future directions in these interesting topics are suggested.
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3
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De J, Ma X, Yin F, Ren J, Yao J, Schumacher S, Liao Q, Fu H, Malpuech G, Solnyshkov D. Room-Temperature Electrical Field-Enhanced Ultrafast Switch in Organic Microcavity Polariton Condensates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1557-1563. [PMID: 36630440 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated electro-optical switches are essential as one of the fundamental elements in the development of modern optoelectronics. As an architecture for photonic systems exciton polaritons, hybrid bosonic quasiparticles that possess unique properties derived from both excitons and photons, have shown much promise. For this system, we demonstrate a significant improvement of emitted intensity and condensation threshold by applying an electric field to a microcavity filled with an organic microbelt. Our theoretical investigations indicate that the electric field makes the excitons dipolar and induces an enhancement of the exciton-polariton interaction and of the polariton lifetime. Based on these electric field-induced changes, a sub-nanosecond electrical field-enhanced polariton condensate switch is realized at room temperature, providing the basis for developing an on-chip integrated photonic device in the strong light-matter coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuekai Ma
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany
| | - Fan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiahuan Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Institute of Molecule Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Schumacher
- Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098Paderborn, Germany.,Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Guillaume Malpuech
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dmitry Solnyshkov
- PHOTON-N2, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont INP, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231Paris, France
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4
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Sigurdsson H, Gnusov I, Alyatkin S, Pickup L, Gippius NA, Lagoudakis PG, Askitopoulos A. Persistent Self-Induced Larmor Precession Evidenced through Periodic Revivals of Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:155301. [PMID: 36269967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric measurements of an optically trapped exciton-polariton condensate reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. For a single 20 μs optical pulse, the condensate pseudo-spin undergoes over 10^{5} full precessions with striking frequency stability. The emergence of the precession is traced to polariton nonlinear interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field, which in turn drives the system spin dynamics. The Larmor precession frequency and trajectory are directly influenced by the condensate density, enabling the control of this effect with optical means. Our results accentuate the system's potential for the realization of magnetometry devices and can lead to the emergence of spin-squeezed polariton condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
| | - I Gnusov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Alyatkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Pickup
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
| | - N A Gippius
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - P G Lagoudakis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Askitopoulos
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- QUBITECH, Thessalias 10, Chalandri, 15231 Athens, Greece
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5
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Camacho-Guardian A, Cooper NR. Moiré-Induced Optical Nonlinearities: Single- and Multiphoton Resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:207401. [PMID: 35657862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.207401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Moiré excitons promise a new platform with which to generate and manipulate hybrid quantum phases of light and matter in unprecedented regimes of interaction strength. We explore the properties in this regime, through studies of a Bose-Hubbard model of excitons coupled to cavity photons. We show that the steady states exhibit a rich phase diagram with pronounced bistabilities governed by multiphoton resonances reflecting the strong interexciton interactions. In the presence of an incoherent pumping of excitons we find that the system can realize single- and multiphoton lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camacho-Guardian
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N R Cooper
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Shen RC, Wang YP, Li J, Zhu SY, Agarwal GS, You JQ. Long-Time Memory and Ternary Logic Gate Using a Multistable Cavity Magnonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183202. [PMID: 34767406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multistability is an extraordinary nonlinear property of dynamical systems and can be explored to implement memory and switches. Here we experimentally realize the tristability in a three-mode cavity magnonic system with Kerr nonlinearity. The three stable states in the tristable region correspond to the stable solutions of the frequency shift of the cavity magnon polariton under specific driving conditions. We find that the system staying in which stable state depends on the history experienced by the system, and this state can be harnessed to store the history information. In our experiment, the memory time can reach as long as 5.11 s. Moreover, we demonstrate the ternary logic gate with good on-off characteristics using this multistable hybrid system. Our new findings pave a way towards cavity magnonics-based information storage and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Chang Shen
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi-Pu Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Li
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - G S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas AM University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Q You
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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7
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Bhatt V, Yadav S, Jha PK, Bhattacherjee AB. Polariton multistability in a nonlinear optomechanical cavity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:365302. [PMID: 34171855 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0ea9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the polariton multistability in a solid state based optomechanical resonator embedded with a quantum well and aχ(2)second order nonlinear medium. The excitonic transition inside the quantum well is strongly coupled to the optical cavity mode. The polariton formed due to the mixing of cavity photons and exciton states are coupled to the mechanical mode which gives rise to the bistable behavior. A transition from bistability to tristability occurs in the presence of a strongχ(2)nonlinearity. Switching between bistability and tristability can also be controlled using exciton-cavity and optomechanical coupling making the system highly tunable. Tristability appears at low input power making it a suitable candidate for polaritonic devices which requires low input power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Bhatt
- Department of Physics, DDU College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Surabhi Yadav
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India
| | - Pradip K Jha
- Department of Physics, DDU College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Aranya B Bhattacherjee
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad-500078, India
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8
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Stepanov P, Vashisht A, Klaas M, Lundt N, Tongay S, Blei M, Höfling S, Volz T, Minguzzi A, Renard J, Schneider C, Richard M. Exciton-Exciton Interaction beyond the Hydrogenic Picture in a MoSe_{2} Monolayer in the Strong Light-Matter Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:167401. [PMID: 33961461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In transition metal dichalcogenides' layers of atomic-scale thickness, the electron-hole Coulomb interaction potential is strongly influenced by the sharp discontinuity of the dielectric function across the layer plane. This feature results in peculiar nonhydrogenic excitonic states in which exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities are predicted to be enhanced compared to their hydrogenic counterparts. To demonstrate this enhancement, we perform optical transmission spectroscopy of a MoSe_{2} monolayer placed in the strong coupling regime with the mode of an optical microcavity and analyze the results quantitatively with a nonlinear input-output theory. We find an enhancement of both the exciton-exciton interaction and of the excitonic fermionic saturation with respect to realistic values expected in the hydrogenic picture. Such results demonstrate that unconventional excitons in MoSe_{2} are highly favorable for the implementation of large exciton-mediated optical nonlinearities, potentially working up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Stepanov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Amit Vashisht
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Klaas
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Lundt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mark Blei
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Maxime Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Jo SB, Kang J, Cho JH. Recent Advances on Multivalued Logic Gates: A Materials Perspective. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004216. [PMID: 33898193 PMCID: PMC8061388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancements in multivalued logic gates represent a rapid paradigm shift in semiconductor technology toward a new era of hyper Moore's law. Particularly, the significant evolution of materials is guiding multivalued logic systems toward a breakthrough gradually, whereby they are transcending the limits of conventional binary logic systems in terms of all the essential figures of merit, i.e., power dissipation, operating speed, circuit complexity, and, of course, the level of the integration. In this review, recent advances in the field of multivalued logic gates based on emerging materials to provide a comprehensive guideline for possible future research directions are reviewed. First, an overview of the design criteria and figures of merit for multivalued logic gates is presented, and then advancements in various emerging nanostructured materials-ranging from 0D quantum dots to multidimensional heterostructures-are summarized and these materials in terms of device design criteria are assessed. The current technological challenges and prospects of multivalued logic devices are also addressed and major research trends are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722South Korea
| | - Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722South Korea
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10
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Spin Cross-Over (SCO) Anionic Fe(II) Complexes Based on the Tripodal Ligand Tris(2-pyridyl)ethoxymethane. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of Fe(II) with the tripodal chelating ligand 1,1,1-tris(2-pyridyl)ethoxymethane (py3C-OEt) and (NCE)− co-ligands (E = S, Se, BH3) give a series of mononuclear complexes formulated as [Fe(py3C-OEt)2][Fe(py3C-OEt)(NCE)3]2·2CH3CN, with E = S (1) and BH3 (2). These compounds are the first Fe(II) spin cross-over (SCO) complexes based on the tripodal ligand tris(2-pyridyl)ethoxymethane and on the versatile co-ligands (NCS)− and (NCBH3)−. The crystal structure reveals discrete monomeric isomorph structures formed by a cationic [Fe(py3C-OEt)2]2+ complex and by two equivalent anionic [Fe(py3C-OEt)(NCE)3]− complexes. In the cations the Fe(II) is facially coordinated by two py3C-OEt tripodal ligands whereas in the anion the three nitrogen atoms of the tripodal ligand are facially coordinated and the N-donor atoms of the three (NCE)− co-ligands occupy the remaining three positions to complete the distorted octahedral environment of the Fe(II) centre. The magnetic studies show the presence of gradual SCO for both complexes: A one-step transition around 205 K for 1 and a two-step transition for compound 2, centered around 245 K and 380 K.
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11
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Ardenghi JS. Effective interactions in twisted double-layer graphene in a microcavity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:345603. [PMID: 32311688 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8aff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work a derivation of the effective interactions between two rotated graphene layers inside a microcavity is obtained. Assuming an electromagnetic wave clockwise-polarized, propagating along thez-axis and applying the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation, an explicit interaction between electrons in different graphene layers is obtained, where the interaction strength depends on the distance between layers, the cavity photon frequency and the rotation angle of the layers. Projecting over the low-energy sector, an effective Hamiltonian for each graphene layer introduces a resonance in the Fermi velocities and modify the dispersion relation near the Dirac point by introducing a bandgap. In the subspace of the double-layer graphene, the effective interaction is suitable to develop two-qubit devices with appropriate gate voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sebastián Ardenghi
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR, UNS-CONICET), Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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12
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Chen YC, Meng Y, Dong YJ, Song XW, Huang GZ, Zhang CL, Ni ZP, Navařík J, Malina O, Zbořil R, Tong ML. Light- and temperature-assisted spin state annealing: accessing the hidden multistability. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3281-3289. [PMID: 34122835 PMCID: PMC8156335 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05971g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Among responsive multistable materials, spin crossover (SCO) systems are of particular interest for stabilizing multiple spin states with various stimulus inputs and physical outputs. Here, in a 2D Hofmann-type coordination polymer, [Fe(isoq)2{Au(CN)2}2] (isoq = isoquinoline), a medium-temperature annealing process is introduced after light/temperature stimulation, which accesses the hidden multistability of the spin state. With the combined effort of magnetic, crystallographic and Mössbauer spectral investigation, these distinct spin states are identified and the light- and temperature-assisted transition pathways are clarified. Such excitation-relaxation and trapping-relaxation joint mechanisms, as ingenious interplays between the kinetic and thermodynamic effects, uncover hidden possibilities for the discovery of multistable materials and the development of multistate intelligent devices. Two new two-stage manipulation protocols, namely light- and temperature-assisted spin state annealing (LASSA/TASSA), are applied to a spin crossover coordination polymer, [Fe(isoq)2{Au(CN)2}2], revealing the hidden multistability of spin states.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anqing Normal University Anqing 246011 P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Ping Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Jakub Navařík
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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13
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Dispersion relation of the collective excitations in a resonantly driven polariton fluid. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3869. [PMID: 31455770 PMCID: PMC6712214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities constitute the archetypal realization of a quantum fluid of light. Under coherent optical drive, remarkable effects such as superfluidity, dark solitons or the nucleation of vortices have been observed, and can be all understood as specific manifestations of the condensate collective excitations. In this work, we perform a Brillouin scattering experiment to measure their dispersion relation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\omega ({\bf{k}})$$\end{document}ω(k) directly. The results, such as a speed of sound which is apparently twice too low, cannot be explained upon considering the polariton condensate alone. In a combined theoretical and experimental analysis, we demonstrate that the presence of an excitonic reservoir alongside the polariton condensate has a dramatic influence on the characteristics of the quantum fluid, and explains our measurement quantitatively. This work clarifies the role of such a reservoir in polariton quantum hydrodynamics. It also provides an unambiguous tool to determine the condensate-to-reservoir fraction in the quantum fluid, and sets an accurate framework to approach ideas for polariton-based quantum-optical applications. Owing to its driven-dissipative nature, and its solid-state environment, a resonantly driven polariton condensate can be accompanied by an incoherent reservoir of excitons. Stepanov et al. demonstrate that this situation strongly modifies the spectrum of collective excitations, which determines many quantum hydrodynamic features in a polariton fluid.
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14
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Navadeh-Toupchi M, Takemura N, Anderson MD, Oberli DY, Portella-Oberli MT. Polaritonic Cross Feshbach Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:047402. [PMID: 30768331 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.047402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the existence of a cross Feshbach resonance by strongly driving a lower polariton mode and by monitoring in time the transmission of a short optical pulse at the energy of the upper polariton mode in a semiconductor microcavity. From the signatures of the optical resonance, strength, and sign of the energy shift, we attribute the origin of the scattering process between polariton modes with opposite circular polarization to a biexciton bound state. From this study, we infer the conditions required for a strong enhancement of the generation of entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Navadeh-Toupchi
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Takemura
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M D Anderson
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Y Oberli
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M T Portella-Oberli
- Institute of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Pickup L, Kalinin K, Askitopoulos A, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Berloff NG, Lagoudakis PG. Optical Bistability under Nonresonant Excitation in Spinor Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:225301. [PMID: 29906137 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.225301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize bistability in the spinor of polariton condensates under nonresonant optical excitation and in the absence of biasing external fields. Numerical modeling of the system using the Ginzburg-Landau equation with an internal Josephson coupling between the two spin components of the condensate qualitatively describes the experimental observations. We demonstrate that polariton spin bistability strongly depends on the condensate's overlap with the exciton reservoir by tuning the excitation geometry and sample temperature. We obtain noncollapsing bistability hysteresis loops for a record range of sweep times, [10 μs, 1 s], offering a promising route to spin switches and spin memory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pickup
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - K Kalinin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - A Askitopoulos
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - P G Savvidis
- Microelectronics Research Group, IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003, Crete, Greece
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - N G Berloff
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - P G Lagoudakis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
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16
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Wang YP, Zhang GQ, Zhang D, Li TF, Hu CM, You JQ. Bistability of Cavity Magnon Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:057202. [PMID: 29481165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.057202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the magnon-polariton bistability in a cavity magnonics system consisting of cavity photons strongly interacting with the magnons in a small yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere. The bistable behaviors emerged as sharp frequency switchings of the cavity magnon polaritons (CMPs) and related to the transition between states with large and small numbers of polaritons. In our experiment, we align, respectively, the [100] and [110] crystallographic axes of the YIG sphere parallel to the static magnetic field and find very different bistable behaviors (e.g., clockwise and counter-clockwise hysteresis loops) in these two cases. The experimental results are well fitted and explained as being due to the Kerr nonlinearity with either a positive or negative coefficient. Moreover, when the magnetic field is tuned away from the anticrossing point of CMPs, we observe simultaneous bistability of both magnons and cavity photons by applying a drive field on the lower branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pu Wang
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dengke Zhang
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tie-Fu Li
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua National Laboratory of Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J Q You
- Quantum Physics and Quantum Information Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Gavrilov SS. Polariton Chimeras: Bose-Einstein Condensates with Intrinsic Chaoticity and Spontaneous Long-Range Ordering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:033901. [PMID: 29400527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.033901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The system of cavity polaritons driven by a plane electromagnetic wave is found to undergo the spontaneous breaking of spatial symmetry, which results in a lifted phase locking with respect to the driving field and, consequently, in the possibility of internal ordering. In particular, periodic spin and intensity patterns arise in polariton wires; they exhibit strong long-range order and can serve as media for signal transmission. Such patterns have the properties of dynamical chimeras: they are formed spontaneously in perfectly homogeneous media and can be partially chaotic. The reported new mechanism of chimera formation requires neither time-delayed feedback loops nor nonlocal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Gavrilov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Bhattacharya A, Baten MZ, Iorsh I, Frost T, Kavokin A, Bhattacharya P. Room-Temperature Spin Polariton Diode Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:067701. [PMID: 28949600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A spin-polarized laser offers inherent control of the output circular polarization. We have investigated the output polarization characteristics of a bulk GaN-based microcavity polariton diode laser at room temperature with electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons via a FeCo/MgO spin injector. Polariton laser operation with a spin-polarized current is characterized by a threshold of ∼69 A/cm^{2} in the light-current characteristics, a significant reduction of the electroluminescence linewidth and blueshift of the emission peak. A degree of output circular polarization of ∼25% is recorded under remanent magnetization. A second threshold, due to conventional photon lasing, is observed at an injection of ∼7.2 kA/cm^{2}. The variation of output circular and linear polarization with spin-polarized injection current has been analyzed with the carrier and exciton rate equations and the Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the condensate and there is good agreement between measured and calculated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Bhattacharya
- Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Md Zunaid Baten
- Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Ivan Iorsh
- National Research University for Information Technology, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO), St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Thomas Frost
- Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Spin Optics Laboratory, State University of Saint-Petersburg, 1, Ulianovskaya, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia
- CNR-SPIN, Viale del Politecnico 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA
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19
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Ohadi H, Ramsay AJ, Sigurdsson H, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Tsintzos SI, Hatzopoulos Z, Liew TCH, Shelykh IA, Rubo YG, Savvidis PG, Baumberg JJ. Spin Order and Phase Transitions in Chains of Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:067401. [PMID: 28949643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that multiply coupled spinor polariton condensates can be optically tuned through a sequence of spin-ordered phases by changing the coupling strength between nearest neighbors. For closed four-condensate chains these phases span from ferromagnetic (FM) to antiferromagnetic (AFM), separated by an unexpected crossover phase. This crossover phase is composed of alternating FM-AFM bonds. For larger eight-condensate chains, we show the critical role of spatial inhomogeneities and demonstrate a scheme to overcome them and prepare any desired spin state. Our observations thus demonstrate a fully controllable nonequilibrium spin lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohadi
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ramsay
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - H Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Y Del Valle-Inclan Redondo
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - S I Tsintzos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Z Hatzopoulos
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - T C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 637371, Singapore
| | - I A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Y G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos, 62580, Mexico
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - P G Savvidis
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - J J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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20
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Suchomel H, Brodbeck S, Liew TCH, Amthor M, Klaas M, Klembt S, Kamp M, Höfling S, Schneider C. Prototype of a bistable polariton field-effect transistor switch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5114. [PMID: 28698678 PMCID: PMC5506067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcavity exciton polaritons are promising candidates to build a new generation of highly nonlinear and integrated optoelectronic devices. Such devices range from novel coherent light emitters to reconfigurable potential landscapes for electro-optical polariton-lattice based quantum simulators as well as building blocks of optical logic architectures. Especially for the latter, the strongly interacting nature of the light-matter hybrid particles has been used to facilitate fast and efficient switching of light by light, something which is very hard to achieve with weakly interacting photons. We demonstrate here that polariton transistor switches can be fully integrated in electro-optical schemes by implementing a one-dimensional polariton channel which is operated by an electrical gate rather than by a control laser beam. The operation of the device, which is the polariton equivalent to a field-effect transistor, relies on combining electro-optical potential landscape engineering with local exciton ionization to control the scattering dynamics underneath the gate. We furthermore demonstrate that our device has a region of negative differential resistance and features a completely new way to create bistable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suchomel
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Brodbeck
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - T C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - M Amthor
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - M Klaas
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Klembt
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - M Kamp
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY 16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany.
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21
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Rodriguez SRK, Casteels W, Storme F, Carlon Zambon N, Sagnes I, Le Gratiet L, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Amo A, Ciuti C, Bloch J. Probing a Dissipative Phase Transition via Dynamical Optical Hysteresis. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:247402. [PMID: 28665653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.247402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally explore the dynamical optical hysteresis of a semiconductor microcavity as a function of the sweep time. The hysteresis area exhibits a double power law decay due to the influence of fluctuations, which trigger switching between metastable states. Upon increasing the average photon number and approaching the thermodynamic limit, the double power law evolves into a single power law. This algebraic behavior characterizes a dissipative phase transition. Our findings are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for a single mode resonator influenced by quantum fluctuations, and the present experimental approach is promising for exploring critical phenomena in photonic lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R K Rodriguez
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - W Casteels
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité and CNRS, UMR 7162, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F Storme
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité and CNRS, UMR 7162, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - N Carlon Zambon
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - L Le Gratiet
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - E Galopin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - C Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité and CNRS, UMR 7162, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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22
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Tunable Bragg polaritons and nonlinear emission from a hybrid metal-unfolded ZnSe-based microcavity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:767. [PMID: 28396601 PMCID: PMC5429702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter interaction in Bragg structures possesses several advantages over conventional microcavity system. These structures provide an opportunity to incorporate a large number of quantum wells without increasing the mode volume. Further, it is expected that the strong coupling could occur over the entire thickness of the Bragg structure, and the system offers an improved overlap between exciton wave function and light mode. However, advanced experiments in Bragg structures require a precise control and manipulation of quantum states of Bragg polaritons. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate novel methods for the modulation of Bragg polariton eigenstates. The modulation will be shown to even exceed 10 meV if the thickness of the top layer of the ZnSe-based Bragg structure is changed or if a thin silver layer is deposited on top of the structure. The Q value of the Bragg mode will be enhanced by a factor of 2.3 for a 30 nm silver layer. In addition, we report on the observation of nonlinear emission of the lower Bragg polariton mode in the hybrid structure being achieved when excitation dependent measurements are performed. Our results open the door to create a confined Bragg polariton system similar to conventional microcavities.
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23
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Goblot V, Nguyen HS, Carusotto I, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Amo A, Bloch J. Phase-Controlled Bistability of a Dark Soliton Train in a Polariton Fluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:217401. [PMID: 27911548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use a one-dimensional polariton fluid in a semiconductor microcavity to explore the nonlinear dynamics of counterpropagating interacting Bose fluids. The intrinsically driven-dissipative nature of the polariton fluid allows us to use resonant pumping to impose a phase twist across the fluid. When the polariton-polariton interaction energy becomes comparable to the kinetic energy, linear interference fringes transform into a train of solitons. A novel type of bistable behavior controlled by the phase twist across the fluid is experimentally evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Goblot
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - H S Nguyen
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - E Galopin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Département de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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24
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Li J, Liew TCH. Cellular automata in photonic cavity arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:24930-24937. [PMID: 27828433 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.024930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose theoretically a photonic Turing machine based on cellular automata in arrays of nonlinear cavities coupled with artificial gauge fields. The state of the system is recorded making use of the bistability of driven cavities, in which losses are fully compensated by an external continuous drive. The sequential update of the automaton layers is achieved automatically, by the local switching of bistable states, without requiring any additional synchronization or temporal control.
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25
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Sanvitto D, Kéna-Cohen S. The road towards polaritonic devices. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1061-73. [PMID: 27429208 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons are quasiparticles that form in semiconductors when an elementary excitation such as an exciton or a phonon interacts sufficiently strongly with light. In particular, exciton-polaritons have attracted tremendous attention for their unique properties, spanning from an ability to undergo ultra-efficient four-wave mixing to superfluidity in the condensed state. These quasiparticles possess strong intrinsic nonlinearities, while keeping most characteristics of the underlying photons. Here we review the most important features of exciton-polaritons in microcavities, with a particular emphasis on the emerging technological applications, the use of new materials for room-temperature operation, and the possibility of exploiting polaritons for quantum computation and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR - NANOTEC, Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stéphane Kéna-Cohen
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, PO Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
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26
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Dreismann A, Ohadi H, Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Balili R, Rubo YG, Tsintzos SI, Deligeorgis G, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Baumberg JJ. A sub-femtojoule electrical spin-switch based on optically trapped polariton condensates. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1074-1078. [PMID: 27500807 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Practical challenges to extrapolating Moore's law favour alternatives to electrons as information carriers. Two promising candidates are spin-based and all-optical architectures, the former offering lower energy consumption, the latter superior signal transfer down to the level of chip-interconnects. Polaritons-spinor quasi-particles composed of semiconductor excitons and microcavity photons-directly couple exciton spins and photon polarizations, combining the advantages of both approaches. However, their implementation for spintronics has been hindered because polariton spins can be manipulated only optically or by strong magnetic fields. Here we use an external electric field to directly control the spin of a polariton condensate, bias-tuning the emission polarization. The nonlinear spin dynamics offers an alternative route to switching, allowing us to realize an electrical spin-switch exhibiting ultralow switching energies below 0.5 fJ. Our results lay the foundation for development of devices based on the electro-optical control of coherent spin ensembles on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dreismann
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Hamid Ohadi
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Ryan Balili
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yuri G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, Mexico
| | - Simeon I Tsintzos
- CCQCN, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Deligeorgis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Zacharias Hatzopoulos
- CCQCN, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Pavlos G Savvidis
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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27
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Rodriguez SRK, Amo A, Sagnes I, Le Gratiet L, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Bloch J. Interaction-induced hopping phase in driven-dissipative coupled photonic microcavities. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11887. [PMID: 27307038 PMCID: PMC4912632 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bose-Hubbard model (BHM) describes bosons hopping across sites and interacting on-site. Inspired by the success of BHM simulators with atoms in optical lattices, proposals for implementing the BHM with photons in coupled nonlinear cavities have recently emerged. Two coupled semiconductor microcavities constitute a model system where the hopping, interaction and decay of exciton polaritons-mixed light-matter quasiparticles-can be engineered in combination with site-selective coherent driving to implement the driven-dissipative two-site optical BHM. Here we explore the interplay of interference and nonlinearity in this system, in a regime where three distinct density profiles can be observed under identical driving conditions. We demonstrate how the phase acquired by polaritons hopping between cavities can be controlled through polariton-polariton interactions. Our results open new perspectives for synthesizing density-dependent gauge fields using polaritons in two-dimensional multicavity systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. K. Rodriguez
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
| | - A. Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
| | - I. Sagnes
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
| | - L. Le Gratiet
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
| | - E. Galopin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
| | - A. Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
| | - J. Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures (LPN), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, route de Nozay, Marcoussis F-91460, France
- Physics Department, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex F-91128, France
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28
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Iorsh I, Alodjants A, Shelykh IA. Microcavity with saturable nonlinearity under simultaneous resonant and nonresonant pumping: multistability, Hopf bifurcations and chaotic behaviour. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:11505-11514. [PMID: 27410078 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.011505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied optical response of microcavity non-equilibrium exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate with saturable nonlinearity under simultaneous resonant and non-resonant pumping. We demonstrated the emergence of multistabile behavior due to the saturation of the excitonic absorption. Stable periodic Rabi-type oscillations of the excitonic and photonic condensate components in the regime of the stationary pump and their transition to the chaotic dynamics through the cascade of Hopf bifurcations by tuning of the electrical pump are revealed.
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29
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Zettler JK, Corfdir P, Hauswald C, Luna E, Jahn U, Flissikowski T, Schmidt E, Ronning C, Trampert A, Geelhaar L, Grahn HT, Brandt O, Fernández-Garrido S. Observation of Dielectrically Confined Excitons in Ultrathin GaN Nanowires up to Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:973-980. [PMID: 26675526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The realization of semiconductor structures with stable excitons at room temperature is crucial for the development of excitonics and polaritonics. Quantum confinement has commonly been employed for enhancing excitonic effects in semiconductor heterostructures. Dielectric confinement, which gives rises to much stronger enhancement, has proven to be more difficult to achieve because of the rapid nonradiative surface/interface recombination in hybrid dielectric-semiconductor structures. Here, we demonstrate intense excitonic emission from bare GaN nanowires with diameters down to 6 nm. The large dielectric mismatch between the nanowires and vacuum greatly enhances the Coulomb interaction, with the thinnest nanowires showing the strongest dielectric confinement and the highest radiative efficiency at room temperature. In situ monitoring of the fabrication of these structures allows one to accurately control the degree of dielectric enhancement. These ultrathin nanowires may constitute the basis for the fabrication of advanced low-dimensional structures with an unprecedented degree of confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes K Zettler
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Corfdir
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hauswald
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esperanza Luna
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Jahn
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timur Flissikowski
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schmidt
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Achim Trampert
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Geelhaar
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger T Grahn
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Brandt
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Kochereshko VP, Durnev MV, Besombes L, Mariette H, Sapega VF, Askitopoulos A, Savenko IG, Liew TCH, Shelykh IA, Platonov AV, Tsintzos SI, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis PG, Kalevich VK, Afanasiev MM, Lukoshkin VA, Schneider C, Amthor M, Metzger C, Kamp M, Hoefling S, Lagoudakis P, Kavokin A. Lasing in Bose-Fermi mixtures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20091. [PMID: 26822483 PMCID: PMC4731768 DOI: 10.1038/srep20091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, well-known for revolutionising photonic science, has been realised primarily in fermionic systems including widely applied diode lasers. The prerequisite for fermionic lasing is the inversion of electronic population, which governs the lasing threshold. More recently, bosonic lasers have also been developed based on Bose-Einstein condensates of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. These electrically neutral bosons coexist with charged electrons and holes. In the presence of magnetic fields, the charged particles are bound to their cyclotron orbits, while the neutral exciton-polaritons move freely. We demonstrate how magnetic fields affect dramatically the phase diagram of mixed Bose-Fermi systems, switching between fermionic lasing, incoherent emission and bosonic lasing regimes in planar and pillar microcavities with optical and electrical pumping. We collected and analyzed the data taken on pillar and planar microcavity structures at continuous wave and pulsed optical excitation as well as injecting electrons and holes electronically. Our results evidence the transition from a Bose gas to a Fermi liquid mediated by magnetic fields and light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Kochereshko
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Durnev
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lucien Besombes
- Institut Néel, CNRS/UJF 25, avenue des Martyrs - BP 166, Fr-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Henri Mariette
- Institut Néel, CNRS/UJF 25, avenue des Martyrs - BP 166, Fr-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Victor F Sapega
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexis Askitopoulos
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - Ivan G Savenko
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Applied Physics/COMP, Aalto University, PO Box 14100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Alexey V Platonov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Z Hatzopoulos
- IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Pavlos G Savvidis
- Department of Materials Science &Technology, University of Crete, Greece.,IESL-FORTH, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vladimir K Kalevich
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Afanasiev
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Lukoshkin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26, Politechnicheskaya, 194021, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Matthias Amthor
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Christian Metzger
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Martin Kamp
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany
| | - Sven Hoefling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany.,SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Pavlos Lagoudakis
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint-Petersburg State University, 1, Ulianovskaya, 198504, St-Petersburg, Russia.,Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
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31
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Polyakov OP, Stepanyuk VS. Tuning an Atomic Switch on a Surface with Electric and Magnetic Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3698-3701. [PMID: 26722744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Controllable switching an adatom position and its magnetization could lead to a single-atom memory. Our theoretical studies show that switching adatom between different surface sites by the quantum tunneling, discovered in several experiments, can be controlled by an external electric field. Switching a single spin by magnetic fields is found to be strongly site-dependent on a surface. This could enable to control a spin-dynamics of adatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Polyakov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik , Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeri S Stepanyuk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik , Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
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32
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Abbaspour H, Trebaol S, Morier-Genoud F, Portella-Oberli MT, Deveaud B. Stochastic resonance in collective exciton-polariton excitations inside a GaAs microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:057401. [PMID: 25126934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of stochastic resonance in confined exciton polaritons. We evidence this phenomena by tracking the polaritons behavior through two stochastic resonance quantifiers namely the spectral magnification factor and the signal-to-noise ratio. The evolution of the stochastic resonance in the function of the modulation amplitude of the periodic excitation signal is studied. Our experimental observations are well reproduced by numerical simulations performed in the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation under stochastic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abbaspour
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Trebaol
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Morier-Genoud
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M T Portella-Oberli
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deveaud
- Laboratory of Quantum Optoelectronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Egorov OA, Lederer F. Pseudospin-induced motion of cavity polariton soliton molecules. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4029-4032. [PMID: 24978799 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of pseudospin precession of exciton-polaritons, known as optical spin Hall effect, on the dynamics of polariton solitons in semiconductor microresonators operating in the strong-coupling regime. We demonstrate that elliptically polarized polariton solitons, coherently driven by a linearly polarized pump, can form robust bound states. Due to spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, these polariton soliton molecules move uniformly in the mirror plane provided transverse electric-transverse magnetic mode splitting is taken into account.
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34
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Cancellieri E, Hayat A, Steinberg AM, Giacobino E, Bramati A. Ultrafast Stark-induced polaritonic switches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:053601. [PMID: 24580589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A laser pulse, several meV red detuned from the excitonic line of a quantum well, has been shown to induce an almost instantaneous and rigid shift of the lower and upper polariton branches. Here we demonstrate that through this shift ultrafast all-optical control of the polariton population in a semiconductor microcavity should be achievable. In the proposed setup, a Stark field is used to bring the lower polariton branch in or out of resonance with a quasiresonant continuous-wave laser, thereby favoring or inhibiting the injection of polaritons into the cavity. Moreover, we show that this technique allows for the implementation of optical switches with extremely high repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cancellieri
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, Paris 75005, France and University of Sheffield, Sheffield S37RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Hayat
- Department of Physics, Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada and Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - A M Steinberg
- Department of Physics, Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, Paris 75005, France
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35
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Sich M, Fras F, Chana JK, Skolnick MS, Krizhanovskii DN, Gorbach AV, Hartley R, Skryabin DV, Gavrilov SS, Cerda-Méndez EA, Biermann K, Hey R, Santos PV. Effects of spin-dependent interactions on polarization of bright polariton solitons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:046403. [PMID: 24580473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.046403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spin properties of bright polariton solitons supported by an external pump to compensate losses. We observe robust circularly polarized solitons when a circularly polarized pump is applied, a result attributed to phase synchronization between nondegenerate TE and TM polarized polariton modes at high momenta. For the case of a linearly polarized pump, either σ+ or σ- circularly polarized bright solitons can be switched on in a controlled way by a σ+ or σ- writing beam, respectively. This feature arises directly from the widely differing interaction strengths between co- and cross-circularly polarized polaritons. In the case of orthogonally linearly polarized pump and writing beams, the soliton emission on average is found to be unpolarized, suggesting strong spatial evolution of the soliton polarization. The observed results are in agreement with theory, which predicts stable circularly polarized solitons and unstable linearly polarized solitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Fras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - J K Chana
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A V Gorbach
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - R Hartley
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - D V Skryabin
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - S S Gavrilov
- Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - E A Cerda-Méndez
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Biermann
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Hey
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - P V Santos
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Sturm C, Tanese D, Nguyen H, Flayac H, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Solnyshkov D, Amo A, Malpuech G, Bloch J. All-optical phase modulation in a cavity-polariton Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3278. [PMID: 24513781 PMCID: PMC3926000 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum fluids based on light is a highly developing research field, since they provide a nonlinear platform for developing optical functionalities and quantum simulators. An important issue in this context is the ability to coherently control the properties of the fluid. Here we propose an all-optical approach for controlling the phase of a flow of cavity-polaritons, making use of their strong interactions with localized excitons. Here we illustrate the potential of this method by implementing a compact exciton-polariton interferometer, which output intensity and polarization can be optically controlled. This interferometer is cascadable with already reported polariton devices and is promising for future polaritonic quantum optic experiments. Complex phase patterns could be also engineered using this optical method, providing a key tool to build photonic artificial gauge fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Sturm
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - D. Tanese
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - H.S. Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - H. Flayac
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - E. Galopin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A. Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I. Sagnes
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - D. Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - A. Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - G. Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - J. Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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37
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Pervishko AA, Liew TCH, Kovalev VM, Savenko IG, Shelykh IA. Nonlinear effects in multi-photon polaritonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:15183-15194. [PMID: 23842304 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.015183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We consider theoretically nonlinear effects in a semiconductor quantum well embedded inside a photonic microcavity. Two-photon absorption by a 2p exciton state is considered and investigated; the matrix element of two-photon absorption is calculated. We compute the emission spectrum of the sample and demonstrate that under coherent pumping the nonlinearity of the two photon absorption process gives rise to bistability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pervishko
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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38
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Cerna R, Léger Y, Paraïso T, Wouters M, Morier-Genoud F, Portella-Oberli M, Deveaud B. Ultrafast tristable spin memory of a coherent polariton gas. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2008. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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39
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Li F, Orosz L, Kamoun O, Bouchoule S, Brimont C, Disseix P, Guillet T, Lafosse X, Leroux M, Leymarie J, Mexis M, Mihailovic M, Patriarche G, Réveret F, Solnyshkov D, Zuniga-Perez J, Malpuech G. From excitonic to photonic polariton condensate in a ZnO-based microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:196406. [PMID: 23705728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.196406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report exciton-polariton condensation in a new family of fully hybrid ZnO-based microcavity demonstrating the best-quality ZnO material available (a bulk substrate), a large quality factor (~4000) and large Rabi splittings (~240 meV). Condensation is achieved between 4 and 300 K and for excitonic fractions ranging between 17% and 96%, which corresponds to a tuning of the exciton-polariton mass, lifetime, and interaction constant by 1 order of magnitude. We demonstrate mode switching between polariton branches allowing, just by controlling the pumping power, to tune the photonic fraction by a factor of 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- CRHEA-CNRS, Rue Bernard Gregory, 06560 Valbonne, France
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40
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Hutchison JA, Liscio A, Schwartz T, Canaguier-Durand A, Genet C, Palermo V, Samorì P, Ebbesen TW. Tuning the work-function via strong coupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2481-5. [PMID: 23463588 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201203682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The tuning of the molecular material work-function via strong coupling with vacuum electromagnetic fields is demonstrated. Kelvin probe microscopy extracts the surface potential (SP) changes of a photochromic molecular film on plasmonic hole arrays and inside Fabry-Perot cavities. Modulating the optical cavity resonance or the photochromic film effectively tunes the work-function, suggesting a new tool for tailoring material properties.
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41
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Ballarini D, De Giorgi M, Cancellieri E, Houdré R, Giacobino E, Cingolani R, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. All-optical polariton transistor. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1778. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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42
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Eleuch H, Prasad A, Rotter I. Enhancement of photon intensity in forced coupled quantum wells inside a semiconductor microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:022916. [PMID: 23496600 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.022916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study numerically the photon emission from a semiconductor microcavity containing N≥2 quantum wells under the influence of a periodic external forcing. The emission is determined by the interplay between external forcing and internal interaction between the wells. While the external forcing synchronizes the periodic motion, the internal interaction destroys it. The nonlinear term of the Hamiltonian supports the synchronization. The numerical results show a jump of the photon intensity to very large values at a certain critical value of the external forcing when the number of quantum wells is not too large. We discuss the dynamics of the system across this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Eleuch
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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43
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Flayac H, Solnyshkov DD, Shelykh IA, Malpuech G. Transmutation of skyrmions to half-solitons driven by the nonlinear optical spin Hall effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:016404. [PMID: 23383815 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.016404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We show that the spin domains, generated in the linear optical spin Hall effect by the analog of spin-orbit interaction for exciton polaritons, are associated with the formation of a Skyrmion lattice. In the nonlinear regime, the spin anisotropy of the polariton-polariton interactions results in a spatial compression of the domains and in a transmutation of the Skyrmions into oblique half-solitons. This phase transition is associated with both the focusing of the spin currents and the emergence of a strongly anisotropic emission pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Flayac
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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44
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De Giorgi M, Ballarini D, Cancellieri E, Marchetti FM, Szymanska MH, Tejedor C, Cingolani R, Giacobino E, Bramati A, Gigli G, Sanvitto D. Control and ultrafast dynamics of a two-fluid polariton switch. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:266407. [PMID: 23368594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.266407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the cross interactions in a two-component polariton quantum fluid coherently driven by two independent pumping lasers tuned at different energies and momenta. We show that both the hysteresis cycles and the on-off threshold of one polariton signal can be entirely controlled by a second polariton fluid. Furthermore, we study the ultrafast switching dynamics of a driven polariton state, demonstrating the ability to control the polariton population with an external laser pulse, in less than a few picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Giorgi
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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45
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Sheng J, Khadka U, Xiao M. Realization of all-optical multistate switching in an atomic coherent medium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:223906. [PMID: 23368124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.223906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have experimentally observed optical multistability (OM) in an optical ring cavity containing three-level Λ-type Doppler-broadened rubidium atoms. The shape of the OM curve can be significantly modified by changing the power of the control laser field. An all-optical multistate switching or coding element is realized and flexibly controlled by adding a pulse sequence to the input (probe) intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiteng Sheng
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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46
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Adrados C, Liew TCH, Amo A, Martín MD, Sanvitto D, Antón C, Giacobino E, Kavokin A, Bramati A, Viña L. Motion of spin polariton bullets in semiconductor microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:146402. [PMID: 22107218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.146402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of optical switching in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime is studied by using time- and spatially resolved spectroscopy. The switching is triggered by polarized short pulses which create spin bullets of high polariton density. The spin packets travel with speeds of the order of 10(6) m/s due to the ballistic propagation and drift of exciton polaritons from high to low density areas. The speed is controlled by the angle of incidence of the excitation beams, which changes the polariton group velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adrados
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, École Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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47
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Yang J, Erwin SC, Kanisawa K, Nacci C, Fölsch S. Emergent multistability in assembled nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2486-2489. [PMID: 21591678 DOI: 10.1021/nl2009444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at 5 K reveals that native atoms in the surface layer of a semiconductor crystal become bistable in vertical height when a nanostructure is assembled nearby. The binary switching of surface atoms, driven by the STM tip, changes their charge state. Coupling is facilitated by assembling adatom chains, allowing us to explore the emergence of complex multiple switching. Density-functional theory calculations rationalize the observations and a lattice-gas model predicts the cooperative behavior from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Yang
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Jing H, Goldbaum DS, Buchmann L, Meystre P. Quantum optomechanics of a Bose-Einstein antiferromagnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:223601. [PMID: 21702598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the cavity optomechanical properties of an antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate, where the role of the mechanical element is played by spin-wave excitations. We show how this system can be described by a single rotor that can be prepared deep in the quantum regime under realizable experimental conditions. This system provides a bottom-up realization of dispersive rotational optomechanics, and opens the door to the direct observation of quantum spin fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jing
- B2 Institute, Department of Physics and College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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49
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Sarkar D, Gavrilov SS, Sich M, Quilter JH, Bradley RA, Gippius NA, Guda K, Kulakovskii VD, Skolnick MS, Krizhanovskii DN. Polarization bistability and resultant spin rings in semiconductor microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:216402. [PMID: 21231327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of a pump laser resonant with the lower polariton branch of a semiconductor microcavity is shown to be highly dependent on the degree of circular polarization of the pump. Spin dependent anisotropy of polariton-polariton interactions allows the internal polarization to be controlled by varying the pump power. The formation of spatial patterns, spin rings with a high degree of circular polarization, arising as a result of polarization bistability, is observed. A phenomenological model based on effective semiclassical equations of motion provides a good description of the experimental results. Inclusion of interactions with the incoherent exciton reservoir, which provides spin-independent blueshifts of the polariton modes, is found to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sarkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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50
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Adrados C, Amo A, Liew TCH, Hivet R, Houdré R, Giacobino E, Kavokin AV, Bramati A. Spin rings in bistable planar semiconductor microcavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:216403. [PMID: 21231328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.216403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A remarkable feature of exciton-polaritons is the strongly spin-dependent polariton-polariton interaction, which has been predicted to result in the formation of spin rings in real space [Shelykh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 116401 (2008)]. Here we experimentally demonstrate the spin bistability of exciton polaritons in an InGaAs-based semiconductor microcavity under resonant optical pumping. We observe the formation of spin rings whose size can be finely controlled in a spatial scale down to the micrometer range, much smaller than the spot size. Demonstration of optically controlled spin patterns in semiconductors opens way to the realization of spin logic devices and spin memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adrados
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, École Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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