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Jacquet MJ, Giacomelli L, Valnais Q, Joly M, Claude F, Giacobino E, Glorieux Q, Carusotto I, Bramati A. Quantum Vacuum Excitation of a Quasinormal Mode in an Analog Model of Black Hole Spacetime. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:111501. [PMID: 37001081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum quantum fluctuations near horizons are known to yield correlated emission by the Hawking effect. We use a driven-dissipative quantum fluid of microcavity polaritons as an analog model of a quantum field theory on a black-hole spacetime and numerically calculate correlated emission. We show that, in addition to the Hawking effect at the sonic horizon, quantum fluctuations may result in a sizable stationary excitation of a quasinormal mode of the field theory. Observable signatures of the excitation of the quasinormal mode are found in the spatial density fluctuations as well as in the spectrum of Hawking emission. This suggests an intrinsic fluctuation-driven mechanism leading to the quantum excitation of quasinormal modes on black hole spacetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jacquet
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - L Giacomelli
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Q Valnais
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - M Joly
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - F Claude
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - Q Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, Paris 75005, France
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2
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Claude F, Jacquet MJ, Usciati R, Carusotto I, Giacobino E, Bramati A, Glorieux Q. High-Resolution Coherent Probe Spectroscopy of a Polariton Quantum Fluid. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:103601. [PMID: 36112465 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing elementary excitations in quantum fluids is essential to study their collective effects. We present an original angle-resolved coherent probe spectroscopy technique to study the dispersion of these excitation modes in a fluid of polaritons under resonant pumping. Thanks to the unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution, we observe directly the low-energy phononic behavior and detect the negative-energy modes, i.e., the ghost branch, of the dispersion relation. In addition, we reveal narrow spectral features precursory of dynamical instabilities due to the intrinsic out-of-equilibrium nature of the system. This technique provides the missing tool for the quantitative study of quantum hydrodynamics in polariton fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Claude
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M J Jacquet
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Usciati
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Q Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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3
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Knorr M, Manceau JM, Mornhinweg J, Nespolo J, Biasiol G, Tran NL, Malerba M, Goulain P, Lafosse X, Jeannin M, Stefinger M, Carusotto I, Lange C, Colombelli R, Huber R. Intersubband Polariton-Polariton Scattering in a Dispersive Microcavity. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:247401. [PMID: 35776456 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast scattering dynamics of intersubband polaritons in dispersive cavities embedding GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells are studied directly within their band structure using a noncollinear pump-probe geometry with phase-stable midinfrared pulses. Selective excitation of the lower polariton at a frequency of ∼25 THz and at a finite in-plane momentum k_{‖} leads to the emergence of a narrowband maximum in the probe reflectivity at k_{‖}=0. A quantum mechanical model identifies the underlying microscopic process as stimulated coherent polariton-polariton scattering. These results mark an important milestone toward quantum control and bosonic lasing in custom-tailored polaritonic systems in the mid and far infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knorr
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J M Manceau
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - J Mornhinweg
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Nespolo
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - G Biasiol
- Laboratorio TASC, CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - N L Tran
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Malerba
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Goulain
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - X Lafosse
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Jeannin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Stefinger
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - C Lange
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Colombelli
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS UMR 9001, Université Paris Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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4
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Cominotti R, Berti A, Farolfi A, Zenesini A, Lamporesi G, Carusotto I, Recati A, Ferrari G. Observation of Massless and Massive Collective Excitations with Faraday Patterns in a Two-Component Superfluid. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:210401. [PMID: 35687467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental measurement of the dispersion relation of the density and spin collective excitation modes in an elongated two-component superfluid of ultracold bosonic atoms. Our parametric spectroscopic technique is based on the external modulation of the transverse confinement frequency, leading to the formation of density and spin Faraday waves. We show that the application of a coherent coupling between the two components reduces the phase symmetry and gives a finite mass to the spin modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cominotti
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - A Berti
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - A Farolfi
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - A Zenesini
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - G Lamporesi
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - A Recati
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - G Ferrari
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, INFN, 38123 Povo, Italy
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5
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Zamora A, Dagvadorj G, Comaron P, Carusotto I, Proukakis NP, Szymańska MH. Kibble-Zurek Mechanism in Driven Dissipative Systems Crossing a Nonequilibrium Phase Transition. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:095301. [PMID: 32915606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Kibble-Zurek mechanism constitutes one of the most fascinating and universal phenomena in the physics of critical systems. It describes the formation of domains and the spontaneous nucleation of topological defects when a system is driven across a phase transition exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking. While a characteristic dependence of the defect density on the speed at which the transition is crossed was observed in a vast range of equilibrium condensed matter systems, its extension to intrinsically driven dissipative systems is a matter of ongoing research. In this Letter, we numerically confirm the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in a paradigmatic family of driven dissipative quantum systems, namely exciton-polaritons in microcavities. Our findings show how the concepts of universality and critical dynamics extend to driven dissipative systems that do not conserve energy or particle number nor satisfy a detailed balance condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamora
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - G Dagvadorj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P Comaron
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotnikw 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Università di Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - N P Proukakis
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - M H Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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6
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Macaluso E, Comparin T, Mazza L, Carusotto I. Fusion Channels of Non-Abelian Anyons from Angular-Momentum and Density-Profile Measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:266801. [PMID: 31951460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.266801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to characterize non-Abelian anyons that is based only on static measurements and that does not rely on any form of interference. For geometries where the anyonic statistics can be revealed by rigid rotations of the anyons, we link this property to the angular momentum of the initial state. We test our method on the paradigmatic example of the Moore-Read state that is known to support excitations with non-Abelian statistics of Ising type. As an example, we reveal the presence of different fusion channels for two such excitations, a defining feature of non-Abelian anyons. This is obtained by measuring density-profile properties, like the mean square radius of the system or the depletion generated by the anyons. Our study paves the way to novel methods for characterizing non-Abelian anyons, both in the experimental and theoretical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Macaluso
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - T Comparin
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - L Mazza
- LPTMS, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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7
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Comaron P, Dagvadorj G, Zamora A, Carusotto I, Proukakis NP, Szymańska MH. Dynamical Critical Exponents in Driven-Dissipative Quantum Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:095302. [PMID: 30230863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.095302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the phase ordering of parametrically and incoherently driven microcavity polaritons after an infinitely rapid quench across the critical region. We confirm that the system, despite its driven-dissipative nature, satisfies the dynamical scaling hypothesis for both driving schemes by exhibiting self-similar patterns for the two-point correlator at late times of the phase ordering. We show that polaritons are characterized by the dynamical critical exponent z≈2 with topological defects playing a fundamental role in the dynamics, giving logarithmic corrections both to the power-law decay of the number of vortices and to the associated growth of the characteristic length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Comaron
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - G Dagvadorj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - A Zamora
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - N P Proukakis
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - M H Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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8
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Umucalılar RO, Macaluso E, Comparin T, Carusotto I. Time-of-Flight Measurements as a Possible Method to Observe Anyonic Statistics. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:230403. [PMID: 29932690 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.230403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a standard time-of-flight experiment as a method for observing the anyonic statistics of quasiholes in a fractional quantum Hall state of ultracold atoms. The quasihole states can be stably prepared by pinning the quasiholes with localized potentials and a measurement of the mean square radius of the freely expanding cloud, which is related to the average total angular momentum of the initial state, offers direct signatures of the statistical phase. Our proposed method is validated by Monte Carlo calculations for ν=1/2 and 1/3 fractional quantum Hall liquids containing a realistic number of particles. Extensions to quantum Hall liquids of light and to non-Abelian anyons are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Umucalılar
- Deparment of Physics, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, 34380 Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Macaluso
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - T Comparin
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
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9
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Milićević M, Ozawa T, Montambaux G, Carusotto I, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Le Gratiet L, Sagnes I, Bloch J, Amo A. Orbital Edge States in a Photonic Honeycomb Lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:107403. [PMID: 28339267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally reveal the emergence of edge states in a photonic lattice with orbital bands. We use a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice of coupled micropillars whose bulk spectrum shows four gapless bands arising from the coupling of p-like photonic orbitals. We observe zero-energy edge states whose topological origin is similar to that of conventional edge states in graphene. Additionally, we report novel dispersive edge states in zigzag and armchair edges. The observations are reproduced by tight-binding and analytical calculations, which we extend to bearded edges. Our work shows the potentiality of coupled micropillars in elucidating some of the electronic properties of emergent two-dimensional materials with orbital bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milićević
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - T Ozawa
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - G Montambaux
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - E Galopin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - L Le Gratiet
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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10
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Goblot V, Nguyen HS, Carusotto I, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Amo A, Bloch J. Phase-Controlled Bistability of a Dark Soliton Train in a Polariton Fluid. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:217401. [PMID: 27911548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use a one-dimensional polariton fluid in a semiconductor microcavity to explore the nonlinear dynamics of counterpropagating interacting Bose fluids. The intrinsically driven-dissipative nature of the polariton fluid allows us to use resonant pumping to impose a phase twist across the fluid. When the polariton-polariton interaction energy becomes comparable to the kinetic energy, linear interference fringes transform into a train of solitons. A novel type of bistable behavior controlled by the phase twist across the fluid is experimentally evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Goblot
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - H S Nguyen
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - E Galopin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Département de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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11
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Price HM, Zilberberg O, Ozawa T, Carusotto I, Goldman N. Four-Dimensional Quantum Hall Effect with Ultracold Atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:195303. [PMID: 26588394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.195303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose a realistic scheme to detect the 4D quantum Hall effect using ultracold atoms. Based on contemporary technology, motion along a synthetic fourth dimension can be accomplished through controlled transitions between internal states of atoms arranged in a 3D optical lattice. From a semiclassical analysis, we identify the linear and nonlinear quantized current responses of our 4D model, relating these to the topology of the Bloch bands. We then propose experimental protocols, based on current or center-of-mass-drift measurements, to extract the topological second Chern number. Our proposal sets the stage for the exploration of novel topological phases in higher dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Price
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - O Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Ozawa
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - N Goldman
- CENOLI, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Amo A, Bloch J, Bramati A, Carusotto I, Ciuti C, Deveaud B, Giacobino E, Grosso G, Kamchatnov A, Malpuech G, Pavloff N, Pigeon S, Sanvitto D, Solnyshkov DD. Comment on "Linear Wave Dynamics Explains Observations Attributed to Dark Solitons in a Polariton Quantum Fluid". Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:089401. [PMID: 26340219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.089401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - C Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 et CNRS, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - B Deveaud
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Giacobino
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Normale Supérieure et CNRS, UPMC Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - G Grosso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Kamchatnov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Troitsk 142190, Russia
| | - G Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - N Pavloff
- Univ. Paris Sud, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques, UMR8626, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - S Pigeon
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC - Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D D Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Blaise Pascal University, CNRS, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
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13
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Nguyen HS, Gerace D, Carusotto I, Sanvitto D, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, Bloch J, Amo A. Acoustic black hole in a stationary hydrodynamic flow of microcavity polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:036402. [PMID: 25659010 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.036402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study of superfluid hydrodynamic effects in a one-dimensional polariton fluid flowing along a laterally patterned semiconductor microcavity and hitting a micron-sized engineered defect. At high excitation power, superfluid propagation effects are observed in the polariton dynamics; in particular, a sharp acoustic horizon is formed at the defect position, separating regions of sub- and supersonic flow. Our experimental findings are quantitatively reproduced by theoretical calculations based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Promising perspectives to observe Hawking radiation via photon correlation measurements are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - D Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - D Sanvitto
- NNL, Istituto Nanoscienze - CNR, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Galopin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Sagnes
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures, LPN/CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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14
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Jacqmin T, Carusotto I, Sagnes I, Abbarchi M, Solnyshkov DD, Malpuech G, Galopin E, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Amo A. Direct observation of Dirac cones and a flatband in a honeycomb lattice for polaritons. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:116402. [PMID: 24702392 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional lattices of coupled micropillars etched in a planar semiconductor microcavity offer a workbench to engineer the band structure of polaritons. We report experimental studies of honeycomb lattices where the polariton low-energy dispersion is analogous to that of electrons in graphene. Using energy-resolved photoluminescence, we directly observe Dirac cones, around which the dynamics of polaritons is described by the Dirac equation for massless particles. At higher energies, we observe p orbital bands, one of them with the nondispersive character of a flatband. The realization of this structure which holds massless, massive, and infinitely massive particles opens the route towards studies of the interplay of dispersion, interactions, and frustration in a novel and controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jacqmin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - I Carusotto
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy
| | - I Sagnes
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - M Abbarchi
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - D D Solnyshkov
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - G Malpuech
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, 24 avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - E Galopin
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - J Bloch
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - A Amo
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures, CNRS/LPN, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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15
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Ghulinyan M, Ramiro-Manzano F, Prtljaga N, Guider R, Carusotto I, Pitanti A, Pucker G, Pavesi L. Oscillatory vertical coupling between a whispering-gallery resonator and a bus waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:163901. [PMID: 23679605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.163901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a theoretical and experimental study of the optical coupling between a whispering-gallery type resonator and a waveguide lying on different planes. In contrast to the usual in-plane geometry, the present vertical one is characterized by an oscillatory behavior of the effective coupling as a function of the vertical gap. This behavior manifests itself as oscillations in both the resonance peak waveguide transmission and the mode quality factor. An analytical description based on coupled-mode theory and a two-port beam-splitter model of the waveguide-resonator vertical coupling is developed for arbitrary phase-matching conditions and is successfully used to interpret the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghulinyan
- Advanced Photonics and Photovoltaics Unit, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Italy.
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16
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Umucalılar RO, Carusotto I. Fractional quantum Hall states of photons in an array of dissipative coupled cavities. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:206809. [PMID: 23003171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.206809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a theoretical study of the collective optical response of a two-dimensional array of nonlinear cavities in the impenetrable photon regime under a strong artificial magnetic field. Taking advantage of the nonequilibrium nature of the photon gas, we propose an experimentally viable all-optical scheme to generate and detect strongly correlated photon states which are optical analogs of the Laughlin states of fractional quantum Hall physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Umucalılar
- INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy.
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17
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Högele A, Kroner M, Latta C, Claassen M, Carusotto I, Bulutay C, Imamoglu A. Dynamic nuclear spin polarization in the resonant laser excitation of an InGaAs quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:197403. [PMID: 23003088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.197403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Resonant optical excitation of lowest-energy excitonic transitions in self-assembled quantum dots leads to nuclear spin polarization that is qualitatively different from the well-known optical orientation phenomena. By carrying out a comprehensive set of experiments, we demonstrate that nuclear spin polarization manifests itself in quantum dots subjected to finite external magnetic field as locking of the higher energy Zeeman transition to the driving laser field, as well as the avoidance of the resonance condition for the lower energy Zeeman branch. We interpret our findings on the basis of dynamic nuclear spin polarization originating from noncollinear hyperfine interaction and find excellent agreement between experiment and theory. Our results provide evidence for the significance of noncollinear hyperfine processes not only for nuclear spin diffusion and decay, but also for buildup dynamics of nuclear spin polarization in a coupled electron-nuclear spin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Högele
- Fakultät für Physik and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80539 München, Germany
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18
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Amo A, Pigeon S, Sanvitto D, Sala VG, Hivet R, Carusotto I, Pisanello F, Lemenager G, Houdre R, Giacobino E, Ciuti C, Bramati A. Polariton Superfluids Reveal Quantum Hydrodynamic Solitons. Science 2011; 332:1167-70. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1202307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Carusotto I, Gerace D, Tureci HE, De Liberato S, Ciuti C, Imamoglu A. Fermionized photons in an array of driven dissipative nonlinear cavities. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:033601. [PMID: 19659277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optical response of a one-dimensional array of strongly nonlinear optical microcavities. When the optical nonlinearity is much larger than both losses and intercavity tunnel coupling, the nonequilibrium steady state of the system is reminiscent of a strongly correlated Tonks-Girardeau gas of impenetrable bosons. Signatures of strong correlations are identified in the transmission spectrum of the system, as well as in the intensity correlations of the transmitted light. Possible experimental implementations in state-of-the-art solid-state devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carusotto
- BEC-CNR-INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Italy
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20
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Ballarini D, Sanvitto D, Amo A, Viña L, Wouters M, Carusotto I, Lemaitre A, Bloch J. Observation of long-lived polariton states in semiconductor microcavities across the parametric threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:056402. [PMID: 19257528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 12/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The excitation spectrum around the pump-only stationary state of a polariton optical parametric oscillator in semiconductor microcavities is investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence. The response to a weak pulsed perturbation in the vicinity of the idler mode is directly related to the lifetime of the elementary excitations. A dramatic increase of the lifetime is observed for a pump intensity approaching and exceeding the optical parametric oscillator threshold. The observations can be explained in terms of a critical slowing down of the dynamics upon approaching the threshold and the following appearance of a soft Goldstone mode in the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ballarini
- Departamento Física de Materiales, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Carusotto I, Hu SX, Collins LA, Smerzi A. Bogoliubov-Cerenkov radiation in a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing against an obstacle. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:260403. [PMID: 17280409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.260403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the density modulation that appears in a Bose-Einstein condensate flowing with supersonic velocity against an obstacle. The experimental density profiles observed at JILA are reproduced by a numerical integration of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and then interpreted in terms of Cerenkov emission of Bogoliubov excitations by the defect. The phonon and the single-particle regions of the Bogoliubov spectrum are, respectively, responsible for a conical wave front and a fan-shaped series of precursors.
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22
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Abstract
The polarization produced by the relative displacement of the potentials trapping two spin species of a dilute Fermi gas with N=N is calculated at unitarity by assuming phase separation between the superfluid and a polarized phase at zero temperature. Because of the energy cost associated with pair breaking, the dipole polarizability is strongly quenched and exhibits important deviations from the ideal gas behavior even for nonlinear displacements of the order of the size of the atomic cloud. The behavior in the presence of different trapping frequencies (monopole polarization) for the two spin species is also discussed. Our results suggest new experimental perspectives to explore the quantum phases of interacting Fermi gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Recati
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and CNR-INFM BEC Center, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy.
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23
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Lobo C, Carusotto I, Giorgini S, Recati A, Stringari S. Pair correlations of an expanding superfluid Fermi gas. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:100405. [PMID: 17025797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The pair correlation function of an expanding gas is investigated with an emphasis on the BEC-BCS crossover of a superfluid Fermi gas at zero temperature. At unitarity quantum Monte Carlo simulations reveal the occurrence of a sizable bunching effect due to interactions in the spin up-down channel which, at short distances, is larger than that exhibited by thermal bosons in the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss effect. We propose a local equilibrium ansatz for the pair correlation function which we predict will remain isotropic during the expansion even if the trapping potential is anisotropic, in contrast with the behavior of the density. The isotropy of the pair correlation function is an experimentally accessible signature, which makes a clear distinction with respect to the case of noninteracting gases and can be understood as a consequence of the violation of scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lobo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and CNR-INFM BEC Center, I-38050 Povo, Trento, Italy.
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24
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Carusotto I, Pitaevskii L, Stringari S, Modugno G, Inguscio M. Sensitive measurement of forces at the micron scale using Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:093202. [PMID: 16197214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that Bloch oscillations of ultracold fermionic atoms in the periodic potential of an optical lattice can be used for a sensitive measurement of forces at the micrometer length scale, e.g., in the vicinity of a dielectric surface. In particular, the proposed approach allows us to perform a local and direct measurement of the Casimir-Polder force which is, for realistic experimental parameters, as large as 10(-4) gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carusotto
- Istituto Nazionale per Fisica per la Materia BEC-CRS and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trento, I-38050 Povo, Italy
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25
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Artoni M, Carusotto I, La Rocca GC, Bassani F. Vavilov-Cherenkov effect in a driven resonant medium. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 67:046609. [PMID: 12786511 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.67.046609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Vavilov-Cherenkov effect in a dispersive and resonant absorbing medium is substantially modified by the presence of an external electromagnetic field. Depending on the field parameters and configuration we anticipate a remarkable increase of the emission yield at resonance. Our predictions are implemented by numerical estimates for cuprous oxide (Cu2O) where the yield turns out to be one to two orders of magnitude that obtained in the absence of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artoni
- INFM-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
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26
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Abstract
We study theoretically the effect of ultraslow group velocities on the emission of Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation in a coherently driven medium. We show that in this case the aperture of the group cone on which the intensity of the radiation peaks is much smaller than that of the usual wave cone associated with the Cherenkov coherence condition. As a specific example, we consider a coherently driven ultracold atomic gas where such singular behavior may be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carusotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E. R. Caianiello," Università di Salerno, via S. Allende, I-84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy
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27
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Artoni M, Carusotto I, La Rocca GC, Bassani F. Fresnel light drag in a coherently driven moving medium. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:2549-2552. [PMID: 11289977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study how the phase of a light plane wave propagating in a resonant medium under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is affected by the uniform motion of the medium. For cuprous oxide (Cu2O), where EIT can be implemented through a typical pump-probe configuration, the resonant probe beam experiences a phase shift (Fresnel-Fizeau effect) that may vary over a wide range of values, positive or negative, and even vanishing, due to the combined effects of the strong frequency dispersion and anisotropy both induced by the pump. The use of such a coherently driven dragging medium may improve by at least 1 order of magnitude the sensitivity at low velocity in optical drag experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artoni
- I.N.F.M., L.E.N.S., Largo E. Fermi 2, Florence, Italy
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28
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Abstract
We propose to engineer the atomic band structure in optical lattices in order to design a Fabry-Perot interferometer with large mode spacing and strong nonlinear coupling to be employed in atom optics. The use of an optical lattice allows for a significant reduction of the atomic effective mass, while the slow modulation of its parameters spatially confines the matter waves on a length scale of a few dozen optical wavelengths. As a consequence, the mode spacing in such a cavity would be as high as one-tenth of the recoil energy, allowing for a very efficient filter action, while the nonlinear coupling due to interatomic interactions could lead to bistability and limiting effects in the transmission of the atomic beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Carusotto
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy and INFM, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy and Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel, Ecole Normale Superieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex
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