1
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Braga MH. Energy harnessing and storage from surface switching with a ferroelectric electrolyte. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5395-5398. [PMID: 38623821 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for innovative energy solutions suitable for mobile, stationary and digital applications, ferroelectric topological insulators (FETIs)1 emerge as promising candidates. These materials combine topologically protected states with spontaneous and switchable polarization. This study reveals emergent phenomena in FETI-electrolytes through experiments and simulations, specifically in the A3-2xBaxClO family (where A = Li, Na or K, and x = 0 or 0.005). Here, it is shown that surface oscillations of the potential (V), temperature, and mass may synchronize with the bulk's oscillations, and be harnessed and stored in the form of electrical energy either in a sole FETI or in a battery-type cell presenting a panoply of applications from wireless batteries to transistors, memories, sensors, and selective catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Braga
- Engineering Physics Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- LAETA - INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, R. Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- MatER, Materials for Energy Research, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Zhang S, Sun Z, Liu Q, Wang Z, Wu Q, Yue L, Xu S, Hu T, Li R, Zhou X, Yuan J, Gu G, Dong T, Wang N. Revealing the frequency-dependent oscillations in the nonlinear terahertz response induced by the Josephson current. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad163. [PMID: 37818116 PMCID: PMC10561709 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear responses of superconductors to intense terahertz radiation has been an active research frontier. Using terahertz pump-terahertz probe spectroscopy, we investigate the c-axis nonlinear optical response of a high-temperature superconducting cuprate. After excitation by a single-cycle terahertz pump pulse, the reflectivity of the probe pulse oscillates as the pump-probe delay is varied. Interestingly, the oscillatory central frequency scales linearly with the probe frequency, a fact widely overlooked in pump-probe experiments. By theoretically solving the nonlinear optical reflection problem on the interface, we show that our observation is well explained by the Josephson-type third-order nonlinear electrodynamics, together with the emission coefficient from inside the material into free space. The latter results in a strong enhancement of the emitted signal whose physical frequency is around the Josephson plasma edge. Our result offers a benchmark for and new insights into strong-field terahertz spectroscopy of related quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiaomei Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zixiao Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yue
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuxiang Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianchen Hu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rongsheng Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Tao Dong
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nanlin Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100913, China
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3
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Disassembly of Amyloid Fibril with Infrared Free Electron Laser. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043686. [PMID: 36835098 PMCID: PMC9967569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibril causes serious amyloidosis such as neurodegenerative diseases. The structure is composed of rigid β-sheet stacking conformation which makes it hard to disassemble the fibril state without denaturants. Infrared free electron laser (IR-FEL) is an intense picosecond pulsed laser that is oscillated through a linear accelerator, and the oscillation wavelengths are tunable from 3 μm to 100 μm. Many biological and organic compounds can be structurally altered by the mode-selective vibrational excitations due to the wavelength variability and the high-power oscillation energy (10-50 mJ/cm2). We have found that several different kinds of amyloid fibrils in amino acid sequences were commonly disassembled by the irradiation tuned to amide I (6.1-6.2 μm) where the abundance of β-sheet decreased while that of α-helix increased by the vibrational excitation of amide bonds. In this review, we would like to introduce the IR-FEL oscillation system briefly and describe combination studies of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations on disassembling amyloid fibrils of a short peptide (GNNQQNY) from yeast prion and 11-residue peptide (NFLNCYVSGFH) from β2-microglobulin as representative models. Finally, possible applications of IR-FEL for amyloid research can be proposed as a future outlook.
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4
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Kawasaki T, Zen H, Sakai T, Sumitomo Y, Nogami K, Hayakawa K, Yaji T, Ohta T, Nagata T, Hayakawa Y. Degradation of Lignin by Infrared Free Electron Laser. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122401. [PMID: 35745977 PMCID: PMC9227113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin monomers have attracted attention as functional materials for various industrial uses. However, it is challenging to obtain these monomers by degrading polymerized lignin due to the rigid ether linkage between the aromatic rings. Here, we propose a novel approach based on molecular vibrational excitation using infrared free electron laser (IR-FEL) for the degradation of lignin. The IR-FEL is an accelerator-based pico-second pulse laser, and commercially available powdered lignin was irradiated by the IR-FEL under atmospheric conditions. Synchrotron-radiation infrared microspectroscopy analysis showed that the absorption intensities at 1050 cm−1, 1140 cm−1, and 3400 cm−1 were largely decreased alongside decolorization. Electrospray ionization mass chromatography analysis showed that coumaryl alcohol was more abundant and a mass peak corresponding to hydrated coniferyl alcohol was detected after irradiation at 2.9 μm (νO-H) compared to the original lignin. Interestingly, a mass peak corresponding to vanillic acid appeared after irradiation at 7.1 μm (νC=C and νC-C), which was supported by our two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. Therefore, it seems that partial depolymerization of lignin can be induced by IR-FEL irradiation in a wavelength-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Kawasaki
- Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-864-5200-2014
| | - Heishun Zen
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan; (H.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Takeshi Sakai
- Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA), Institute of Quantum Science, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8501, Chiba, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (K.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoske Sumitomo
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku 101-8308, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Nogami
- Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA), Institute of Quantum Science, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8501, Chiba, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (K.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ken Hayakawa
- Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA), Institute of Quantum Science, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8501, Chiba, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (K.H.); (Y.H.)
| | - Toyonari Yaji
- SR Center, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Toshiaki Ohta
- SR Center, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Shiga, Japan; (T.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan; (H.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Yasushi Hayakawa
- Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA), Institute of Quantum Science, Nihon University, 7-24-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8501, Chiba, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (K.H.); (Y.H.)
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5
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Relationship between the TC of Smart Meta-Superconductor Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO and Inhomogeneous Phase Content. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051061. [PMID: 33919085 PMCID: PMC8143111 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A smart meta-superconductor Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO (B(P)SCCO) may increase the critical transition temperature (TC) of B(P)SCCO by electroluminescence (EL) energy injection of inhomogeneous phases. However, the increase amplitude ΔTC (ΔTC=TC−TC,pure) of TC is relatively small. In this study, a smart meta-superconductor B(P)SCCO with different matrix sizes was designed. Three kinds of raw materials with different particle sizes were used, and different series of Y2O3:Sm3+, Y2O3, Y2O3:Eu3+, and Y2O3:Eu3++Ag-doped samples and pure B(P)SCCO were prepared. Results indicated that the TC of the Y2O3 or Y2O3:Sm3+ non-luminescent dopant doping sample is lower than that of pure B(P)SCCO. However, the TC of the Y2O3:Eu3++Ag or Y2O3:Eu3+ luminescent inhomogeneous phase doping sample is higher than that of pure B(P)SCCO. With the decrease of the raw material particle size from 30 to 5 μm, the particle size of the B(P)SCCO superconducting matrix in the prepared samples decreases, and the doping content of the Y2O3:Eu3++Ag or Y2O3:Eu3+ increases from 0.2% to 0.4%. Meanwhile, the increase of the inhomogeneous phase content enhances the ΔTC. When the particle size of raw material is 5 μm, the doping concentration of the luminescent inhomogeneous phase can be increased to 0.4%. At this time, the zero-resistance temperature and onset transition temperature of the Y2O3:Eu3++Ag doped sample are 4 and 6.3 K higher than those of pure B(P)SCCO, respectively.
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6
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Kuzmin IV, Mironov SY, Martyanov MA, Potemkin AK, Khazanov EA. Highly efficient fourth harmonic generation of broadband laser pulses retaining 3D pulse shape. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:3128-3135. [PMID: 33983209 DOI: 10.1364/ao.422601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for highly efficient fourth harmonic generation (FHG) retaining spatiotemporal intensity distribution of broadband chirped laser pulses is proposed. It is based on the use of pulses with linear frequency chirps of equal absolute magnitudes and opposite signs at the oo-e type noncollinear second harmonic generation. Fourth harmonic generation can by obtained by the classical method, since the second harmonic pulse is narrowband and spectrally limited. A possibility to retain the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the field at FHG with a conversion efficiency ∼60% is demonstrated by the numerical simulation of 3D pulses with a quasi-ellipsoidal intensity distribution.
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7
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Costa AT, Gonçalves PAD, Basov DN, Koppens FHL, Mortensen NA, Peres NMR. Harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons to probe the electrodynamics of superconductors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2012847118. [PMID: 33479179 PMCID: PMC7848587 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012847118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that the Higgs mode of a superconductor, which is usually challenging to observe by far-field optics, can be made clearly visible using near-field optics by harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons. As near-field sources we investigate two examples: graphene plasmons and quantum emitters. In both cases the coupling to the Higgs mode is clearly visible. In the case of the graphene plasmons, the coupling is signaled by a clear anticrossing stemming from the interaction of graphene plasmons with the Higgs mode of the superconductor. In the case of the quantum emitters, the Higgs mode is observable through the Purcell effect. When combining the superconductor, graphene, and the quantum emitters, a number of experimental knobs become available for unveiling and studying the electrodynamics of superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Costa
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - P A D Gonçalves
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recera i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Asger Mortensen
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark;
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - N M R Peres
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal;
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- QuantaLab, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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8
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Vaswani C, Kang JH, Mootz M, Luo L, Yang X, Sundahl C, Cheng D, Huang C, Kim RHJ, Liu Z, Collantes YG, Hellstrom EE, Perakis IE, Eom CB, Wang J. Light quantum control of persisting Higgs modes in iron-based superconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:258. [PMID: 33431843 PMCID: PMC7801641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Higgs mechanism, i.e., spontaneous symmetry breaking of the quantum vacuum, is a cross-disciplinary principle, universal for understanding dark energy, antimatter and quantum materials, from superconductivity to magnetism. Unlike one-band superconductors (SCs), a conceptually distinct Higgs amplitude mode can arise in multi-band, unconventional superconductors via strong interband Coulomb interaction, but is yet to be accessed. Here we discover such hybrid Higgs mode and demonstrate its quantum control by light in iron-based high-temperature SCs. Using terahertz (THz) two-pulse coherent spectroscopy, we observe a tunable amplitude mode coherent oscillation of the complex order parameter from coupled lower and upper bands. The nonlinear dependence of the hybrid Higgs mode on the THz driving fields is distinct from any known SC results: we observe a large reversible modulation of resonance strength, yet with a persisting mode frequency. Together with quantum kinetic modeling of a hybrid Higgs mechanism, distinct from charge-density fluctuations and without invoking phonons or disorder, our result provides compelling evidence for a light-controlled coupling between the electron and hole amplitude modes assisted by strong interband quantum entanglement. Such light-control of Higgs hybridization can be extended to probe many-body entanglement and hidden symmetries in other complex systems. A collective excitation called Higgs mode may arise in multi-band superconductors via strong interband interaction, but it is yet to be accessed. Here, the authors observe a tunable coherent amplitude oscillation of the order parameter in Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2, suggesting appearance and control of the Higgs mode by light tuning interband interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vaswani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - J H Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - M Mootz
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1170, USA
| | - L Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - X Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - C Sundahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - D Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - C Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - R H J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Y G Collantes
- Applied Superconductivity Center, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - E E Hellstrom
- Applied Superconductivity Center, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - I E Perakis
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1170, USA
| | - C B Eom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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9
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Jolly SW, Matlis NH, Ahr F, Leroux V, Eichner T, Calendron AL, Ishizuki H, Taira T, Kärtner FX, Maier AR. Spectral phase control of interfering chirped pulses for high-energy narrowband terahertz generation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2591. [PMID: 31197164 PMCID: PMC6565633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly-efficient optical generation of narrowband terahertz radiation enables unexplored technologies and sciences from compact electron acceleration to charge manipulation in solids. State-of-the-art conversion efficiencies are currently achieved using difference-frequency generation driven by temporal beating of chirped pulses but remain, however, far lower than desired or predicted. Here we show that high-order spectral phase fundamentally limits the efficiency of narrowband difference-frequency generation using chirped-pulse beating and resolve this limitation by introducing a novel technique based on tuning the relative spectral phase of the pulses. For optical terahertz generation, we demonstrate a 13-fold enhancement in conversion efficiency for 1%-bandwidth, 0.361 THz pulses, yielding a record energy of 0.6 mJ and exceeding previous optically-generated energies by over an order of magnitude. Our results prove the feasibility of millijoule-scale applications like terahertz-based electron accelerators and light sources and solve the long-standing problem of temporal irregularities in the pulse trains generated by interfering chirped pulses. Optical generation of terahertz radiation is needed for many applications, but gaining high efficiency is still a challenge. The authors report a method to overcome dispersion effects in interfering chirp pulses used for THz pulse production by tuning their relative spectral phase, enabling 0.6 mJ of THz energy output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer W Jolly
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Nicholas H Matlis
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Ahr
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Leroux
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timo Eichner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Calendron
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hideki Ishizuki
- Division of Research Innovation and Collaboration, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cha, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takunori Taira
- Division of Research Innovation and Collaboration, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Innovative Light Sources Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cha, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas R Maier
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Malomed BA, Rosanov NN, Fedorov SV. Dynamics of nonlinear Schrödinger breathers in a potential trap. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:052204. [PMID: 29906982 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.052204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We consider the evolution of the 2-soliton (breather) of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a semi-infinite line with the zero boundary condition and a linear potential, which corresponds to the gravity field in the presence of a hard floor. This setting can be implemented in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, and in a nonlinear planar waveguide in optics. In the absence of the gravity, repulsion of the breather from the floor leads to its splitting into constituent fundamental solitons, if the initial distance from the floor is smaller than a critical value; otherwise, the moving breather persists. In the presence of gravity, the breather always splits into a pair of "co-hopping" fundamental solitons, which may be frequency locked in the form of a quasi-breather, or unlocked, forming an incoherent pseudo-breather. Some essential results are obtained in an analytical form, in addition to the systematic numerical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Malomed
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - N N Rosanov
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Vavilov State Optical Institute, 199053 Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Fedorov
- Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Rajasekaran S, Okamoto J, Mathey L, Fechner M, Thampy V, Gu GD, Cavalleri A. Probing optically silent superfluid stripes in cuprates. Science 2018; 359:575-579. [PMID: 29420290 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional superconductivity in the cuprates coexists with other types of electronic order. However, some of these orders are invisible to most experimental probes because of their symmetry. For example, the possible existence of superfluid stripes is not easily validated with linear optics, because the stripe alignment causes interlayer superconducting tunneling to vanish on average. Here we show that this frustration is removed in the nonlinear optical response. A giant terahertz third harmonic, characteristic of nonlinear Josephson tunneling, is observed in La1.885Ba0.115CuO4 above the transition temperature Tc = 13 kelvin and up to the charge-ordering temperature Tco = 55 kelvin. We model these results by hypothesizing the presence of a pair density wave condensate, in which nonlinear mixing of optically silent tunneling modes drives large dipole-carrying supercurrents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajasekaran
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - J Okamoto
- Centre for Optical Quantum Technologies and Institute for Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Mathey
- Centre for Optical Quantum Technologies and Institute for Laser Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Fechner
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Thampy
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973 NY, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 11973 NY, USA
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany. .,Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Dutta S, Mueller EJ. Collective Modes of a Soliton Train in a Fermi Superfluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:260402. [PMID: 28707921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.260402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the collective modes of a soliton train in a quasi-one-dimensional Fermi superfluid, using a mean-field formalism. In addition to the expected Goldstone and Higgs modes, we find novel long-lived gapped modes associated with oscillations of the soliton cores. The soliton train has an instability that depends strongly on the interaction strength and the spacing of solitons. It can be stabilized by filling each soliton with an unpaired fermion, thus forming a commensurate Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase. We find that such a state is always dynamically stable, which paves the way for realizing long-lived FFLO states in experiments via phase imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Dutta
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Erich J Mueller
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Ming Y, Ling DB, Li HM, Ding ZJ. Energy thresholds of discrete breathers in thermal equilibrium and relaxation processes. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:063106. [PMID: 28679219 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
So far, only the energy thresholds of single discrete breathers in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems have been analytically obtained. In this work, the energy thresholds of discrete breathers in thermal equilibrium and the energy thresholds of long-lived discrete breathers which can remain after a long time relaxation are analytically estimated for nonlinear chains. These energy thresholds are size dependent. The energy thresholds of discrete breathers in thermal equilibrium are the same as the previous analytical results for single discrete breathers. The energy thresholds of long-lived discrete breathers in relaxation processes are different from the previous results for single discrete breathers but agree well with the published numerical results known to us. Because real systems are either in thermal equilibrium or in relaxation processes, the obtained results could be important for experimental detection of discrete breathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ming
- School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Bo Ling
- School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Supercomputing Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Jun Ding
- Department of Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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Tunable and low-loss correlated plasmons in Mott-like insulating oxides. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15271. [PMID: 28497786 PMCID: PMC5437299 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonics has attracted tremendous interests for its ability to confine light into subwavelength dimensions, creating novel devices with unprecedented functionalities. New plasmonic materials are actively being searched, especially those with tunable plasmons and low loss in the visible–ultraviolet range. Such plasmons commonly occur in metals, but many metals have high plasmonic loss in the optical range, a main issue in current plasmonic research. Here, we discover an anomalous form of tunable correlated plasmons in a Mott-like insulating oxide from the Sr1−xNb1−yO3+δ family. These correlated plasmons have multiple plasmon frequencies and low loss in the visible–ultraviolet range. Supported by theoretical calculations, these plasmons arise from the nanometre-spaced confinement of extra oxygen planes that enhances the unscreened Coulomb interactions among charges. The correlated plasmons are tunable: they diminish as extra oxygen plane density or film thickness decreases. Our results open a path for plasmonics research in previously untapped insulating and strongly-correlated materials. Conventional plasmons in metals often suffer from high plasmonic loss in the optical range. Here, the authors report a distinct form of tunable correlated plasmons in Mott-like insulating Sr1−xNbO3+δ films, with multiple plasmon frequencies and low loss in the visible-ultraviolet range.
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Rajasekaran S, Casandruc E, Laplace Y, Nicoletti D, Gu GD, Clark SR, Jaksch D, Cavalleri A. Parametric Amplification of a Superconducting Plasma Wave. NATURE PHYSICS 2016; 12:1012-1016. [PMID: 27833647 PMCID: PMC5098603 DOI: 10.1038/nphys3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many applications in photonics require all-optical manipulation of plasma waves1, which can concentrate electromagnetic energy on sub-wavelength length scales. This is difficult in metallic plasmas because of their small optical nonlinearities. Some layered superconductors support Josephson plasma waves (JPWs)2,3, involving oscillatory tunneling of the superfluid between capacitively coupled planes. Josephson plasma waves are also highly nonlinear4, and exhibit striking phenomena like cooperative emission of coherent terahertz radiation5,6, superconductor-metal oscillations7 and soliton formation8. We show here that terahertz JPWs can be parametrically amplified through the cubic tunneling nonlinearity in a cuprate superconductor. Parametric amplification is sensitive to the relative phase between pump and seed waves and may be optimized to achieve squeezing of the order parameter phase fluctuations9 or single terahertz-photon devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajasekaran
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E. Casandruc
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y. Laplace
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Nicoletti
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. D. Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - S. R. Clark
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D. Jaksch
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - A. Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hennig H, Neff T, Fleischmann R. Dynamical phase diagram of Gaussian wave packets in optical lattices. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:032219. [PMID: 27078356 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.032219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of self-trapping in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) loaded in deep optical lattices with Gaussian initial conditions, when the dynamics is well described by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLSE). In the literature an approximate dynamical phase diagram based on a variational approach was introduced to distinguish different dynamical regimes: diffusion, self-trapping, and moving breathers. However, we find that the actual DNLSE dynamics shows a completely different diagram than the variational prediction. We calculate numerically a detailed dynamical phase diagram accurately describing the different dynamical regimes. It exhibits a complex structure that can readily be tested in current experiments in BECs in optical lattices and in optical waveguide arrays. Moreover, we derive an explicit theoretical estimate for the transition to self-trapping in excellent agreement with our numerical findings, which may be a valuable guide as well for future studies on a quantum dynamical phase diagram based on the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachesetts 02138, USA
| | - T Neff
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - R Fleischmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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High-Field High-Repetition-Rate Sources for the Coherent THz Control of Matter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22256. [PMID: 26924651 PMCID: PMC4770290 DOI: 10.1038/srep22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort flashes of THz light with low photon energies of a few meV, but strong electric or magnetic field transients have recently been employed to prepare various fascinating nonequilibrium states in matter. Here we present a new class of sources based on superradiant enhancement of radiation from relativistic electron bunches in a compact electron accelerator that we believe will revolutionize experiments in this field. Our prototype source generates high-field THz pulses at unprecedented quasi-continuous-wave repetition rates up to the MHz regime. We demonstrate parameters that exceed state-of-the-art laser-based sources by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The peak fields and the repetition rates are highly scalable and once fully operational this type of sources will routinely provide 1 MV/cm electric fields and 0.3 T magnetic fields at repetition rates of few 100 kHz. We benchmark the unique properties by performing a resonant coherent THz control experiment with few 10 fs resolution.
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Cohen G, Gull E, Reichman DR, Millis AJ. Taming the Dynamical Sign Problem in Real-Time Evolution of Quantum Many-Body Problems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:266802. [PMID: 26765013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.266802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current nonequilibrium Monte Carlo methods suffer from a dynamical sign problem that makes simulating real-time dynamics for long times exponentially hard. We propose a new "inchworm algorithm," based on iteratively reusing information obtained in previous steps to extend the propagation to longer times. The algorithm largely overcomes the dynamical sign problem, changing the scaling from exponential to quadratic. We use the method to solve the Anderson impurity model in the Kondo and mixed valence regimes, obtaining results both for quenches and for spin dynamics in the presence of an oscillatory magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Emanuel Gull
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Kuschewski F, Kehr SC, Green B, Bauer C, Gensch M, Eng LM. Optical nanoscopy of transient states in condensed matter. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26215769 PMCID: PMC4648477 DOI: 10.1038/srep12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the fundamental and nanoscale understanding of complex phenomena in materials research and the life sciences, witnessed considerable progress. However, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, governed by entangled degrees of freedom such as lattice, spin, orbit, and charge for solids or conformation, electric potentials, and ligands for proteins, has remained challenging. Techniques that allow for distinguishing between different contributions to these processes are hence urgently required. In this paper we demonstrate the application of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) as a novel type of nano-probe for tracking transient states of matter. We introduce a sideband-demodulation technique that allows for probing exclusively the stimuli-induced change of near-field optical properties. We exemplify this development by inspecting the decay of an electron-hole plasma generated in SiGe thin films through near-infrared laser pulses. Our approach can universally be applied to optically track ultrafast/-slow processes over the whole spectral range from UV to THz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kuschewski
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - S C Kehr
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Green
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ch Bauer
- 1] Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany [2] Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gensch
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - L M Eng
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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20
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Schmidt J, Winnerl S, Seidel W, Bauer C, Gensch M, Schneider H, Helm M. Single-pulse picking at kHz repetition rates using a Ge plasma switch at the free-electron laser FELBE. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:063103. [PMID: 26133824 DOI: 10.1063/1.4921864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a system for picking of mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) radiation pulses from the free-electron laser (FEL) FELBE operating at a repetition rate of 13 MHz. Single pulses are reflected by a dense electron-hole plasma in a Ge slab that is photoexcited by amplified near-infrared (NIR) laser systems operating at repetition rates of 1 kHz and 100 kHz, respectively. The peak intensity of picked pulses is up to 400 times larger than the peak intensity of residual pulses. The required NIR fluence for picking pulses at wavelengths in the range from 5 μm to 30 μm is discussed. In addition, we show that the reflectivity of the plasma decays on a time scale from 100 ps to 1 ns dependent on the wavelengths of the FEL and the NIR laser. The plasma switch enables experiments with the FEL that require high peak power but lower average power. Furthermore, the system is well suited to investigate processes with decay times in the μs to ms regime, i.e., much longer than the 77 ns long pulse repetition period of FELBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Winnerl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Seidel
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Bauer
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gensch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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Alpeggiani F. Optical bistability of localized Josephson surface plasmons in cuprate superconductors. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:867-870. [PMID: 25768133 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles made of high-Tc cuprate superconductors are characterized by localized plasmonic excitations known as Josephson surface plasmons, whose electromagnetic response is intrinsically nonlinear, giving rise to yet unexplored optical phenomena. In this work bistability effects in the near-resonance excitation of Josephson surface plasmons of dipolar symmetry are investigated for spheroidal superconducting particles. The threshold for the incident intensity is estimated, and experimental probing strategies are discussed. The system can be of interest in view of terahertz light switching and detection.
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