1
|
Wei H, Xie M, Chen M, Jiang Q, Wang T, Xing P. Shedding light on cellular dynamics: the progress in developing photoactivated fluorophores. Analyst 2024; 149:689-699. [PMID: 38180167 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivated fluorophores (PAFs) are highly effective imaging tools that exhibit a removal of caging groups upon light excitation, resulting in the restoration of their bright fluorescence. This unique property allows for precise control over the spatiotemporal aspects of small molecule substances, making them indispensable for studying protein labeling and small molecule signaling within live cells. In this comprehensive review, we explore the historical background of this field and emphasize recent advancements based on various reaction mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the structures and applications of the PAFs. We firmly believe that the development of more novel PAFs will provide powerful tools to dynamically investigate cells and expand the applications of these techniques into new domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mingli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Qinhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Tenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Panfei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Tomassini A, Singh AK, Raymo FM. Photoactivatable Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:640-651. [PMID: 37601830 PMCID: PMC10437147 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores provide the opportunity to switch fluorescence on exclusively in a selected area within a sample of interest at a precise interval of time. Such a level of spatiotemporal fluorescence control enables the implementation of imaging schemes to monitor dynamic events in real time and visualize structural features with nanometer resolution. These transformative imaging methods are contributing fundamental insights on diverse cellular processes with profound implications in biology and medicine. Current photoactivatable fluorophores, however, become emissive only after the activation event, preventing the acquisition of fluorescence images and, hence, the visualization of the sample prior to activation. We developed a family of photoactivatable fluorophores capable of interconverting between emissive states with spectrally resolved fluorescence, instead of switching from a nonemissive state to an emissive one. We demonstrated that our compounds allow the real-time monitoring of molecules diffusing across the cellular blastoderm of developing embryos as well as of polymer beads translocating along the intestinal tract of live nematodes. Additionally, they also permit the tracking of single molecules in the lysosomal compartments of live cells and the visualization of these organelles with nanometer resolution. Indeed, our photoactivatable fluorophores may evolve into invaluable analytical tools for the investigation of the fundamental factors regulating the functions and structures of cells at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Program of Polymer and Color Chemistry, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Andrea Tomassini
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong H, Xu Y, Kim B, Rha H, Zhang B, Li M, Yang GF, Kim JS. Photo-controllable biochemistry: Exploiting the photocages in phototherapeutic window. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
4
|
Vaughn MJ, Haas JS. On the Diverse Functions of Electrical Synapses. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:910015. [PMID: 35755782 PMCID: PMC9219736 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.910015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical synapses are the neurophysiological product of gap junctional pores between neurons that allow bidirectional flow of current between neurons. They are expressed throughout the mammalian nervous system, including cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, retina, cerebellum, and inferior olive. Classically, the function of electrical synapses has been associated with synchrony, logically following that continuous conductance provided by gap junctions facilitates the reduction of voltage differences between coupled neurons. Indeed, electrical synapses promote synchrony at many anatomical and frequency ranges across the brain. However, a growing body of literature shows there is greater complexity to the computational function of electrical synapses. The paired membranes that embed electrical synapses act as low-pass filters, and as such, electrical synapses can preferentially transfer spike after hyperpolarizations, effectively providing spike-dependent inhibition. Other functions include driving asynchronous firing, improving signal to noise ratio, aiding in discrimination of dissimilar inputs, or dampening signals by shunting current. The diverse ways by which electrical synapses contribute to neuronal integration merits furthers study. Here we review how functions of electrical synapses vary across circuits and brain regions and depend critically on the context of the neurons and brain circuits involved. Computational modeling of electrical synapses embedded in multi-cellular models and experiments utilizing optical control and measurement of cellular activity will be essential in determining the specific roles performed by electrical synapses in varying contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Vaughn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Julie S Haas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jindal S, Chockalingam S, Ghosh SS, Packirisamy G. Connexin and gap junctions: perspectives from biology to nanotechnology based therapeutics. Transl Res 2021; 235:144-167. [PMID: 33582245 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The concept of gap junctions and their role in intercellular communication has been known for around 50 years. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the fundamental biology of connexins in mediating gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and their role in various cellular processes including pathological conditions. However, this understanding has not led to development of advanced therapeutics utilizing GJIC. Inadequacies in strategies that target specific connexin protein in the affected tissue, with minimal or no collateral damage, are the primary reason for the lack of development of efficient therapeutic models. Herein, nanotechnology has a role to play, giving plenty of scope to circumvent these problems and develop more efficient connexin based therapeutics. AsODN, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides; BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins; BMSCs, bone marrow stem cells; BG, bioglass; Cx, Connexin; CxRE, connexin-responsive elements; CoCr NPs, cobalt-chromium nanoparticles; cGAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acids; FGFR1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; FRAP, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; GJ, gap junction; GJIC, gap junctional intercellular communication; HGPRTase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase; HSV-TK, herpes virus thymidine kinase; HSA, human serum albumin; HA, hyaluronic acid; HDAC, histone deacetylase; IRI, ischemia reperfusion injury; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; IONPs, iron-oxide nanoparticles; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; LAMP, local activation of molecular fluorescent probe; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; MI, myocardial infarction; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NO, nitric oxide; PKC, protein kinase C; QDs, quantum dots; ROI, region of interest; RGO, reduced graphene oxide; siRNA, small interfering RNA; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; UCN, upconversion nanoparticles; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. In this review, we discuss briefly the role of connexins and gap junctions in various physiological and pathological processes, with special emphasis on cancer. We further discuss the application of nanotechnology and tissue engineering in developing treatments for various connexin based disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlok Jindal
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S Chockalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou L, Ding H, Zhao W, Hu S. A mitochondria targetable two-photon excited near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging of H 2O 2 in live cells and tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:529-534. [PMID: 30176429 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a member of small-molecule reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important role in physiological and/or pathological process within live systems. Herein, to quantitatively investigate the biological role of H2O2 in subcellular level, we constructed of a novel two-photon (TP) in near-infrared (NIR) out fluorescent probe (TP-NIR-H2O2) for visualization of mitochondria H2O2 in living cells and tissues. Specifically, TP-NIR-H2O2 utilized the oxonium ion as the mitochondrial targeting unit and phenylboric acid as the H2O2 reaction moiety. After the phenylboric acid moiety reaction with H2O2, TP-NIR-H2O2 displayed a ~105-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement in 665 nm. Selectivity experiment demonstrated that the probe can detect H2O2 with high selectivity over other ROS. Moreover, TP-NIR-H2O2 could be employed for imaging H2O2 in mice liver tissues with large tissue-image depth (50-170 μm) under two-photon excitation (800 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China; College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan 412007, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, Hunan 410004, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Haiyuan Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Wen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Shunqin Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Hunan 412007, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou L, Peng Y, Wang Q, Lin Q. An ESIPT-based two-photon fluorescent probe detection of hydrogen peroxide in live cells and tissues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 167:264-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Tracking Dynamic Gap Junctional Coupling in Live Cells by Local Photoactivation and Fluorescence Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27207295 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3664-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Intercellular communication through gap junction channels is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis and synchronizing physiological functions of tissues and organs. In this chapter, we present a noninvasive fluorescence imaging assay termed LAMP (local activation of a molecular fluorescent probe) that consists of the following steps: loading cells with a caged and cell permeable coumarin probe (NPE-HCCC2/AM), locally photolyzing the caged coumarin in one or a subpopulation of coupled cells, monitoring cell-cell dye transfer by digital fluorescence microscopy, and post-acquisition analysis to quantify the rate of junction dye transfer using Fick's equation. The LAMP assay can be conveniently carried out in fully intact cells to assess the extent and degree of cell coupling, and is compatible with other fluorophores emitting at different wavelengths to allow multicolor imaging. Moreover, by carrying out multiple photo-activations in a coupled cell pair, LAMP assay can track changes in cell coupling strength between coupled cells, hence providing a powerful method for investigating the regulation of junctional coupling by cellular biochemical changes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou L, Zhang X, Lv Y, Yang C, Lu D, Wu Y, Chen Z, Liu Q, Tan W. Localizable and Photoactivatable Fluorophore for Spatiotemporal Two-Photon Bioimaging. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5626-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Zhou
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Danqing Lu
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Shands Cancer Center, University
of Florida Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular
Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing
and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College
of Biology, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering
for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center
for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Shands Cancer Center, University
of Florida Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li D, Liu L, Li WH. Genetic targeting of a small fluorescent zinc indicator to cell surface for monitoring zinc secretion. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1054-63. [PMID: 25572404 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mammalian cells contain Zn2+ in their secretory granules. During secretion, Zn2+ is coreleased with granular cargos into extracellular medium so Zn2+ serves as a convenient surrogate marker for tracking the dynamics of secretion. Fluorescent Zn2+ sensors that can be selectively targeted to cells of interest would be invaluable tools for imaging Zn2+ release in multicellular systems including tissues and live animals. Exploiting the HaloTag labeling technology and using an optimized linker, we have engineered a fluorescent Zn2+ indicator that displayed a 15-fold fluorescence enhancement upon Zn2+ binding while reacting efficiently with a HaloTag enzyme in a cellular environment. Two-color imaging of ZIMIR-HaloTag and a red-emitting calcium indicator in pancreatic islet beta cells demonstrated that photoactivation of a channelrhodopsin was able to induce exocytosis of Zn2+/insulin granules and revealed heterogeneity in secretory activity along the cell membrane that was uncoupled from cellular Ca2+ activity. This integrated photonic approach for imaging and controlling the release of large dense core granules provides exquisite cellular selectivity and should facilitate future studies of stimulus-secretion coupling and paracrine signaling in secretory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Li
- Departments of Cell Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Departments of Cell Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Wen-Hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology
and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benninger RK, Piston DW. Two-photon excitation microscopy for the study of living cells and tissues. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2013; Chapter 4:4.11.1-4.11.24. [PMID: 23728746 PMCID: PMC4004770 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb0411s59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation microscopy is an alternative to confocal microscopy that provides advantages for three-dimensional and deep tissue imaging. This unit will describe the basic physical principles behind two-photon excitation and discuss the advantages and limitations of its use in laser-scanning microscopy. The principal advantages of two-photon microscopy are reduced phototoxicity, increased imaging depth, and the ability to initiate highly localized photochemistry in thick samples. Practical considerations for the application of two-photon microscopy will then be discussed, including recent technological advances. This unit will conclude with some recent applications of two-photon microscopy that highlight the key advantages over confocal microscopy and the types of experiments which would benefit most from its application.
Collapse
|
12
|
Osswald M, Winkler F. Insights into cell-to-cell and cell-to-blood-vessel communications in the brain: in vivo multiphoton microscopy. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:149-59. [PMID: 23435993 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A complex and reciprocal communication of cells with each other and with relevant parts of the tissue stroma governs many biological processes in both health and disease. However, in the past, the study of these anatomical and molecular interactions has suffered from a lack of appropriate experimental models. An imaging methodology aimed at changing this should allow intravital display and quantification in an intact non-traumatized organ, imaging over a wide range of time spans including extended periods (i.e., months), many repetitive measurements of the same cell or area to permit the study of the cause and consequence of biological processes, the display of various cell types and their reciprocal interaction with each other in three dimensions, the co-registration of relevant physiological parameters and reporters for selected molecular pathways and as high as possible resolution to visualize sub-cellular structures such as organelles. Remarkably, intravital multiphoton microscopy (in vivo MPLSM) through a chronic cranial window allows us to do all these things, making the brain the inner organ of choice for this technology. Here, we give an overview of the application of in vivo MPLSM to study the choreography of cellular, vascular and molecular interactions in the healthy brain and in neurological diseases. We focus on brain tumor formation, progression and response to therapies. This review further aims at demonstrating that we stand at the beginning of full exploitation of the opportunities provided by this technology and gives clues to future directions that appear most promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Osswald
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schumacher JA, Hsieh YW, Chen S, Pirri JK, Alkema MJ, Li WH, Chang C, Chuang CF. Intercellular calcium signaling in a gap junction-coupled cell network establishes asymmetric neuronal fates in C. elegans. Development 2013; 139:4191-201. [PMID: 23093425 DOI: 10.1242/dev.083428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The C. elegans left and right AWC olfactory neurons specify asymmetric subtypes, one default AWC(OFF) and one induced AWC(ON), through a stochastic, coordinated cell signaling event. Intercellular communication between AWCs and non-AWC neurons via a NSY-5 gap junction network coordinates AWC asymmetry. However, the nature of intercellular signaling across the network and how individual non-AWC cells in the network influence AWC asymmetry is not known. Here, we demonstrate that intercellular calcium signaling through the NSY-5 gap junction neural network coordinates a precise 1AWC(ON)/1AWC(OFF) decision. We show that NSY-5 gap junctions in C. elegans cells mediate small molecule passage. We expressed vertebrate calcium-buffer proteins in groups of cells in the network to reduce intracellular calcium levels, thereby disrupting intercellular communication. We find that calcium in non-AWC cells of the network promotes the AWC(ON) fate, in contrast to the autonomous role of calcium in AWCs to promote the AWC(OFF) fate. In addition, calcium in specific non-AWCs promotes AWC(ON) side biases through NSY-5 gap junctions. Our results suggest a novel model in which calcium has dual roles within the NSY-5 network: autonomously promoting AWC(OFF) and non-autonomously promoting AWC(ON).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Schumacher
- Division of Developmental Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center Research Foundation, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Klán P, Šolomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens R, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: reaction mechanisms and efficacy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:119-91. [PMID: 23256727 PMCID: PMC3557858 DOI: 10.1021/cr300177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1238] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores switch from a nonemissive to an emissive state upon illumination at an activating wavelength and then emit after irradiation at an exciting wavelength. The interplay of such activation and excitation events can be exploited to switch fluorescence on in a defined region of space at a given interval of time. In turn, the spatiotemporal control of fluorescence translates into the opportunity to implement imaging and spectroscopic schemes that are not possible with conventional fluorophores. Specifically, photoactivatable fluorophores permit the monitoring of dynamic processes in real time as well as the reconstruction of images with subdiffraction resolution. These promising applications can have a significant impact on the characterization of the structures and functions of biomolecular systems. As a result, strategies to implement mechanisms for fluorescence photoactivation with synthetic fluorophores are particularly valuable. In fact, a number of versatile operating principles have already been identified to activate the fluorescence of numerous members of the main families of synthetic dyes. These methods are based on either the irreversible cleavage of covalent bonds or the reversible opening and closing of rings. This paper overviews the fundamental mechanisms that govern the behavior of these photoresponsive systems, illustrates structural designs for fluorescence photoactivation, and provides representative examples of photoactivatable fluorophores in actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Light-controlled tools. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8446-76. [PMID: 22829531 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes plays a key role in life, where the whole is often much more than the sum of its parts. Quite trivially, the molecules of a cell do not form a living system if they are only arranged in a random fashion. If we want to understand these relationships and especially the problems arising from malfunction, tools are necessary that allow us to design sophisticated experiments that address these questions. Highly valuable in this respect are external triggers that enable us to precisely determine where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped. Light is an ideal external trigger: It is highly selective and if applied correctly also harmless. It can be generated and manipulated with well-established techniques, and many ways exist to apply light to living systems--from cells to higher organisms. This Review will focus on developments over the last six years and includes discussions on the underlying technologies as well as their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brieke C, Rohrbach F, Gottschalk A, Mayer G, Heckel A. Lichtgesteuerte Werkzeuge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Falk Rohrbach
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Institut für Biochemie, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Universität Bonn, LIMES‐Institut, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Straße 1, 53121 Bonn (Deutschland)
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Buchmann‐Institut für Molekulare Lebenswissenschaften, Max‐von‐Laue‐Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt/Main (Deutschland)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li WH, Zheng G. Photoactivatable fluorophores and techniques for biological imaging applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:460-71. [PMID: 22252510 PMCID: PMC3677749 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores (PAFs) are powerful imaging probes for tracking molecular and cellular dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution in biological systems. Recent developments in biological microscopy have raised new demands for engineering new PAFs with improved properties, such as high two photon excitation efficiency, reversibility, cellular delivery and targeting. Here we review the history and some of the recent developments in this area, emphasizing our efforts in developing a new class of caged coumarins and related imaging methods for studying dynamic cell-cell communication through gap junction channels, and in extending the application of these caged coumarins to new areas including spatiotemporal control of microRNA activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang Y, Shao Q, Deng R, Wang C, Teng X, Cheng K, Cheng Z, Huang L, Liu Z, Liu X, Xing B. In vitro and in vivo uncaging and bioluminescence imaging by using photocaged upconversion nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3125-9. [PMID: 22241651 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Y, Shao Q, Deng R, Wang C, Teng X, Cheng K, Cheng Z, Huang L, Liu Z, Liu X, Xing B. In Vitro and In Vivo Uncaging and Bioluminescence Imaging by Using Photocaged Upconversion Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
22
|
Jing J, Chen JJ, Hai Y, Zhan J, Xu P, Zhang JL. Rational design of ZnSalen as a single and two photon activatable fluorophore in living cells. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20764h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
23
|
Zheng G, Cochella L, Liu J, Hobert O, Li WH. Temporal and spatial regulation of microRNA activity with photoactivatable cantimirs. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:1332-8. [PMID: 21977972 DOI: 10.1021/cb200290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play numerous important roles in physiology and human diseases. During animal development, many miRNAs are expressed continuously from early embryos throughout adults, yet it is unclear whether these miRNAs are actually required at all the stages of development. Current techniques of manipulating microRNA function lack the required spatial and temporal resolution to adequately address the functionality of a given microRNA at a specific time or at single-cell resolution. To examine stage- or cell-specific function of miRNA during development and to achieve precise control of miRNA activity, we have developed photoactivatable antisense oligonucleotides against miRNAs. These caged oligonucleotides can be activated with 365 nm light with extraordinarily high efficiency to release potent antisense reagents to inhibit miRNAs. Initial application of these caged antimirs in a model organism (C. elegans) revealed that the activity of a miRNA (lsy-6) is required specifically around the comma stage during embryonic development to control a left/right asymmetric differentiation program in the C. elegans nervous system. This suggests that a transient input of lsy-6 during development is sufficient to specify the neuronal cell fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genhua Zheng
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Luisa Cochella
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Wen-hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Upham BL. Role of integrative signaling through gap junctions in toxicology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Chapter 2:Unit2.18. [PMID: 21400682 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx0218s47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays a central role in coordinating signal-transduction pathways that control gene expression inside of cells with those of neighboring cells in maintaining the homeostasis of a tissue. The normal homeostatic set point of gap junctions within tissues is in an open state, and although transient closure of gap junctions in response to mitogenic effectors is normal, chronic closure of channels by continuous exposure to environmental and food-borne contaminants can result in adverse health effects such as cancer, teratogenesis, reproductive dysfunction, neuropathies, and cardiac arrhythmias. GJIC is the primary means of integrating signal transduction pathways controlling gene expression between contiguous cells. Thus, bioassay systems that can measure GJIC offer a central, more biosystems approach to assessing the potential for toxicants to epigenetically alter gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad L Upham
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chromophores for the Delivery of Bioactive Molecules with Two-Photon Excitation. NEUROMETHODS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-031-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
26
|
Li WH. Photo-activatable probes for the analysis of receptor function in living cells. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 591:105-20. [PMID: 19957126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-404-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Photo-activatable (caged) probes are powerful research tools for biological investigation. The superb maneuverability of a light beam allows researchers to activate caged probes with pinpoint accuracy. Recent developments in caging chemistry and two-photon excitation technique further enhance our capability to perform photo-uncaging with even higher spatial and temporal resolution, offering new photonic approaches to study cell signaling dynamics in greater detail. Here we present a sample method that combines the techniques of photo-activation and digital fluorescence microscopy to assay an important class of intracellular receptors for the second messenger D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P(3), or IP(3)). The imaging assay is performed in fully intact living cells using a caged and cell membrane permeable ester derivative of IP(3), cm-IP(3)/PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hong Li
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Warther D, Bolze F, Léonard J, Gug S, Specht A, Puliti D, Sun XH, Kessler P, Lutz Y, Vonesch JL, Winsor B, Nicoud JF, Goeldner M. Live-Cell One- and Two-Photon Uncaging of a Far-Red Emitting Acridinone Fluorophore. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2585-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9074562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Warther
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Jérémie Léonard
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Sylvestre Gug
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - David Puliti
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Xiao-Hua Sun
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Yves Lutz
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Jean-Luc Vonesch
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Barbara Winsor
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Jean-François Nicoud
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| | - Maurice Goeldner
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cédex, France, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, France, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg Cédex 2, France, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ouyang X, Shestopalov IA, Sinha S, Zheng G, Pitt CLW, Li WH, Olson AJ, Chen JK. Versatile synthesis and rational design of caged morpholinos. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:13255-69. [PMID: 19708646 PMCID: PMC2745229 DOI: 10.1021/ja809933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Embryogenesis is regulated by genetic programs that are dynamically executed in a stereotypic manner, and deciphering these molecular mechanisms requires the ability to control embryonic gene function with similar spatial and temporal precision. Chemical technologies can enable such genetic manipulations, as exemplified by the use of caged morpholino (cMO) oligonucleotides to inactivate genes in zebrafish and other optically transparent organisms with spatiotemporal control. Here we report optimized methods for the design and synthesis of hairpin cMOs incorporating a dimethoxynitrobenzyl (DMNB)-based bifunctional linker that permits cMO assembly in only three steps from commercially available reagents. Using this simplified procedure, we have systematically prepared cMOs with differing structural configurations and investigated how the in vitro thermodynamic properties of these reagents correlate with their in vivo activities. Through these studies, we have established general principles for cMO design and successfully applied them to several developmental genes. Our optimized synthetic and design methodologies have also enabled us to prepare a next-generation cMO that contains a bromohydroxyquinoline (BHQ)-based linker for two-photon uncaging. Collectively, these advances establish the generality of cMO technologies and will facilitate the application of these chemical probes in vivo for functional genomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Ouyang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pirrung MC, Dore TM, Zhu Y, Rana VS. Sensitized two-photon photochemical deprotection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5313-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Heinze KG, Costantino S, De Koninck P, Wiseman PW. Beyond Photobleaching, Laser Illumination Unbinds Fluorescent Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5225-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin G. Heinze
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul De Koninck
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang S, Li WH. Assaying dynamic cell-cell junctional communication using noninvasive and quantitative fluorescence imaging techniques: LAMP and infrared-LAMP. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:94-101. [PMID: 19131961 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes a fluorescence imaging assay, local activation of molecular fluorescent probes (LAMP), for measuring rates of intercellular dye transfer across gap junction channels in intact living cells. The LAMP method consists of four steps: (i) loading cells with a cell-permeable and photo-activatable fluorophore, NPE-HCCC2/AM (acetoxymethyl ester); (ii) locally photolyzing a caged coumarin in one cell of a coupled cell pair to release the parent fluorophore, HCCC2; (iii) imaging cell-cell transfer of HCCC2; and (iv) analyzing rates of dye diffusion. Compared with other methods available for measuring junctional coupling, the LAMP method offers a number of advantages, including noninvasiveness, ease of quantification of coupling strength, good temporal resolution and compatibility with multicolor imaging. Moreover, as the LAMP assay can be carried out multiple times in the same coupled cell pairs, changes in molecular permeability of connexin channels can be tracked by comparing rates of dye transfer. Finally, NPE-HCCC2 and HCCC2 have high two-photon uncaging and excitation efficiency, respectively, enabling two-photon uncaging and imaging to be combined to examine cell coupling in three dimensions (infrared-LAMP assay). It takes roughly 3 h or 4 h to complete a LAMP or an infrared-LAMP assay, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
To study the physiological regulation and function of cell-cell gap junction communication in vivo, we developed a bioconjugate of caged dye, named dextran-CANPE-HCC, for imaging cell coupling in small model organisms. In vitro, the compound was photolyzed efficiently with robust fluorescence enhancement. Dextran-CANPE-HCC delivered into Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes was retained in cells throughout development. Using local uncaging, we photolyzed dextran-CANPE-HCC to release the small HCC dye and imaged the dynamics of intercellular dye transfer through gap junction channels, a technique we named Trojan-local activation of molecular fluorescent probes (LAMP). Early during embryonic development, the pattern of cell coupling undergoes dramatic remodeling and imaging revealed that the germ cell precursors, P2, P3 and P4, were isolated from the somatic cell communication compartment. As dextran-CANPE-HCC is chemically and metabolically stable, Labeled worms showed very bright signal upon photoactivation after hatching, which allowed us to examine cell coupling in living worms noninvasively.
Collapse
|
33
|
Scherschel JA, Rubart M. Cardiovascular imaging using two-photon microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2008; 14:492-506. [PMID: 18986603 PMCID: PMC2583458 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927608080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation microscopy has become the standard technique for high resolution deep tissue and intravital imaging. It provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in combination with increased penetration depth compared to single-photon confocal microscopy. This article will describe the basic physical principles of two-photon excitation and will review its multiple applications to cardiovascular imaging, including second harmonic generation and fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. In particular, the capability and limitations of multiphoton microscopy to assess functional heterogeneity on a cellular scale deep within intact, Langendorff-perfused hearts are demonstrated. It will also discuss the use of two-photon excitation-induced release of caged compounds for the study of intracellular calcium signaling and intercellular dye transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Scherschel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng G, Guo YM, Li WH. Photoactivatable and Water Soluble FRET Dyes with High Uncaging Cross Section. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10616-7. [PMID: 17685612 DOI: 10.1021/ja071427+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genhua Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dakin K, Li WH. Cell membrane permeable esters of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Cell Calcium 2007; 42:291-301. [PMID: 17307252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3, or IP3) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates cytosolic Ca2+ activities ([Ca2+]i). To study this signaling branch in intact cells, we have synthesized a caged and cell permeable derivative of IP3, ci-IP3/PM, from myo-inositol in 9 steps. Ci-IP3/PM is a homologue of cm-IP3/PM, a caged and cell permeable IP3 ester developed earlier. In ci-IP3/PM, 2- and 3-hydroxyl groups of myo-inositiol are protected by an isopropylidene group; whereas in cm-IP3/PM, a methoxymethylene is used. Ci-IP3/PM can be loaded into cells non-invasively to high concentrations without activating IP3 receptors (IP3Rs). UV uncaging of loaded ci-IP3 released i-IP3, a potent agonist of IP3Rs, and evoked Ca2+ release from internal stores. Interestingly, elevations of [Ca2+]i by i-IP3 lasted longer than [Ca2+]i transients by m-IP3, the uncaging product of cm-IP3. To understand this difference, we measured the metabolic stability of i-IP3 and m-IP3. Like natural IP3 which is known to be rapidly metabolized in cells, m-IP3 could only be detected within several seconds after uncaging cm-IP3. In contrast, i-IP3 was metabolized at a much slower rate. By exploiting different metabolic rates of m-IP3 and i-IP3, we developed two procedures for activating IP3Rs in cells without UV uncaging. The first method involves photolyzing ci-IP3/PM in vitro to generate i-IP3/PM. Successive additions of low micromolar i-IP3/PM to NIH 3T3 cells caused graded Ca2+ releases, confirming that "quantal Ca2+ release" occurs in fully intact cells with normal ATP supplies and undisrupted endoplasmic reticulum. The second technique utilizes two photon uncaging. After locally illuminating cells loaded with cm-IP3 with femtosecond-pulsed near-infrared light (730 nm), we observed a burst of Ca2+ activity in the uncaging area. This local Ca2+ rise rapidly propagated across cells and could be repeated many times in different sub-cellular locations to produce artificial Ca2+ oscillations of defined amplitudes and frequencies. The complementary advantages of these IP3 prodrugs should provide new approaches for studying IP3-Ca2+ signaling in intact cell populations with high spatiotemporal resolutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dakin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blouvard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|