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Ma X, Johnson KB, Gu B, Zhang H, Li G, Huang X, Xia X. The in-situ release of algal bloom populations and the role of prokaryotic communities in their establishment and growth. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118565. [PMID: 35597219 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may quickly travel and inoculate new water bodies via currents and runoff in estuaries. The role of in-situ prokaryotic communities in the re-establishment and growth of inoculated algal blooms remains unknown. A novel on-board incubation experiment was employed to simulate the sudden surge of algal blooms to new estuarine waters and reveal possible outcomes. A dinoflagellate (Amphidinium carterae) and a diatom species (Thalassiosira weissflogii) which had bloomed in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) area were cultured to bloom densities and reintroduced back into PRE natural seawaters. The diatom showed better adaptation ability to the new environment and increased significantly after the incubation. Simultaneously, particle-attached (PA) prokaryotic community structure was strongly influenced by adding of the diatom, with some opportunistic prokaryotes significantly enhanced in the diatom treatment. Whereas the dinoflagellate population did not increase following incubation, and their PA prokaryotic community showed no significant differences relative to the control. Metagenomic analyzes revealed that labile carbohydrates and organic nitrogen produced by the diatom contributed to the surge of certain PA prokaryotes. Genomic properties of a bacteria strain, which is affiliated with genus GMD16E07 (Planctomycetaceae) and comprised up to 50% of PA prokaryotes in the diatom treatment, was described here for the first time. Notably, the association of Planctomycetaceae and T. weissflogii likely represents symbiotic mutualism, with the diatom providing organic matter for Planctomycetaceae and the bacteria supplying vitamins and detoxifying nitriles and hydrogen peroxides in exchange. Therefore, the close association between Planctomycetaceae and T. weissflogii promoted the growth of both populations, and eventually facilitated the diatom bloom establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), China
| | - Kevin B Johnson
- Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, United States
| | - Bowei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), China.
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2
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Shao M, Sun C, Liu X, Wang X, Li W, Wei X, Li Q, Ju J. Upregulation of a marine fungal biosynthetic gene cluster by an endobacterial symbiont. Commun Biol 2020; 3:527. [PMID: 32968175 PMCID: PMC7511336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal-bacterial associations are present in nature, playing important roles in ecological, evolutionary and medicinal processes. Here we report a fungus-bacterial symbiont from marine sediment. The bacterium lives inside the fungal mycelium yet is robust enough to survive independent of its host; the independently grown bacterium can infect the fungal host in vitro and continue to grow progenitively. The bacterial symbiont modulates the fungal host to biosynthesize a polyketide antimicrobial, spiromarmycin. Spiromarmycin appears to endow upon the symbiont pair a protective/defensive means of warding off competitor organisms, be they prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganisms. Genomic analyses revealed the spiromarmycin biosynthetic machinery to be encoded, not by the bacterium, but rather the fungal host. This unique fungal-bacterial symbiotic relationship and the molecule/s resulting from it dramatically expand our knowledge of marine microbial diversity and shed important insights into endosymbionts and fungal-bacterial relationships. Shao et al. show that a bacterial symbiont drives its fungal host to biosynthesize a polyketide antimicrobial, spiromarmycin, fending off their competitors. They find that the spiromarmycin biosynthetic machinery is encoded by the fungal host. This study provides insights into the evolution of marine microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Changli Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qinglian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China. .,College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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3
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Zhou J, Lao YM, Song JT, Jin H, Zhu JM, Cai ZH. Temporal heterogeneity of microbial communities and metabolic activities during a natural algal bloom. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116020. [PMID: 32653764 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the interactions between algae and associated microbial communities is critical for understanding the mechanisms that mediate the dynamic of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine environment. However, the microbial functional profiles and their biogeochemical potential in HABs process remains elusive, especially during a complete natural HAB cycle. Here, we used pyrosequencing and functional gene array (GeoChip) to investigate microbial community dynamics and metabolic potential during a natural dinoflagellate (Noctiluca scintillans) bloom. The results shown that bacterioplankton exhibited significant temporal heterogeneity over the course of the bloom stages. Microbial succession was co-driven by environmental parameters and biotic interactions. The functional analysis revealed significant variations in microbial metabolism during matter cycling. At bloom onset-stage, metabolic potential associated with iron oxidation and transport was elevated. Carbon fixation and degradation, denitrification, phosphorus acquisition, and sulfur transfer/oxidation were significantly enhanced at the plateau stage. During the decline and terminal stages, oxidative stress, lysis of compounds, and toxin degradation & protease synthesis increased. This work reveal phycosphere microorganisms can enhanced organic C decomposition capacity, altered N assimilation rate and S/P turnover efficiency, and balancing of the Fe budget during HAB process. The ecological linkage analysis has further shown that microbial composition and functional potential were significantly linked to algal blooms occurrence. It suggest that structural variability and functional plasticity of microbial communities influence HAB trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yong-Min Lao
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jun-Ting Song
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jian-Ming Zhu
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Hou F, Zhang H, Xie W, Zhou X, Zhu X, Zhang D. Co-occurrence patterns and assembly processes of microeukaryotic communities in an early-spring diatom bloom. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134624. [PMID: 31818596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction and assembly processes of microeukaryotic community compositions (MECs) are rarely elucidated in environment with strong disturbance such as harmful algal blooms. To fill this gap, we analyzed changes of MECs induced by a diatom bloom using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The MECs were mainly dominated by Cercozoa (average relative abundance, 49.2%), Diatom (25.5%) and Dinoflagellata (15.6%). MECs changed significantly (ANOSIM P < 0.01) in four-bloom stages. Environmental factors including pH, DO, nitrate and phosphate, together with bacterial communities could significantly influence the variation of MECs. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a complex interaction between microeukaryotic and bacterial communities. Most OTUs in modules of the co-occurrence network were specific to one particular bloom stage. Phylogenetic based β-nearest taxon distance analyses revealed that stochastic processes mainly dominated microeukaryotic community assembly in the initial and after-bloom stage. However, microeukaryotic community assembly in middle and late stage of the bloom were driven by deterministic processes. In conclusion, both stochastic and deterministic processes play important roles in distinct bloom stages. These findings may expand current understandings of assembly mechanisms and microbial interactions underlying microeukaryotic dynamics in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems where harmful algal blooms occurred frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Weijuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Demin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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5
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Ul-Hasan S, Bowers RM, Figueroa-Montiel A, Licea-Navarro AF, Beman JM, Woyke T, Nobile CJ. Community ecology across bacteria, archaea and microbial eukaryotes in the sediment and seawater of coastal Puerto Nuevo, Baja California. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212355. [PMID: 30763377 PMCID: PMC6375613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities control numerous biogeochemical processes critical for ecosystem function and health. Most analyses of coastal microbial communities focus on the characterization of bacteria present in either sediment or seawater, with fewer studies characterizing both sediment and seawater together at a given site, and even fewer studies including information about non-bacterial microbial communities. As a result, knowledge about the ecological patterns of microbial biodiversity across domains and habitats in coastal communities is limited-despite the fact that archaea, bacteria, and microbial eukaryotes are present and known to interact in coastal habitats. To better understand microbial biodiversity patterns in coastal ecosystems, we characterized sediment and seawater microbial communities for three sites along the coastline of Puerto Nuevo, Baja California, Mexico using both 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found that sediment hosted approximately 500-fold more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes than seawater (p < 0.001). Distinct phyla were found in sediment versus seawater samples. Of the top ten most abundant classes, Cytophagia (bacterial) and Chromadorea (eukaryal) were specific to the sediment environment, whereas Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidia (bacterial) and Chlorophyceae (eukaryal) were specific to the seawater environment. A total of 47 unique genera were observed to comprise the core taxa community across environment types and sites. No archaeal taxa were observed as part of either the abundant or core taxa. No significant differences were observed for sediment community composition across domains or between sites. For seawater, the bacterial and archaeal community composition was statistically different for the Major Outlet site (p < 0.05), the site closest to a residential area, and the eukaryal community composition was statistically different between all sites (p < 0.05). Our findings highlight the distinct patterns and spatial heterogeneity in microbial communities of a coastal region in Baja California, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Ul-Hasan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Bowers
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Figueroa-Montiel
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Alexei F. Licea-Navarro
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - J. Michael Beman
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Tanja Woyke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States of America
| | - Clarissa J. Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
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6
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Zheng Q, Lu J, Wang Y, Jiao N. Genomic reconstructions and potential metabolic strategies of generalist and specialist heterotrophic bacteria associated with an estuarySynechococcusculture. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5303724. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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7
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Tsagaraki TM, Pree B, Leiknes Ø, Larsen A, Bratbak G, Øvreås L, Egge JK, Spanek R, Paulsen ML, Olsen Y, Vadstein O, Thingstad TF. Bacterial community composition responds to changes in copepod abundance and alters ecosystem function in an Arctic mesocosm study. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2694-2705. [PMID: 29991763 PMCID: PMC6194086 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Combining a minimum food web model with Arctic microbial community dynamics, we have suggested that top-down control by copepods can affect the food web down to bacterial consumption of organic carbon. Pursuing this hypothesis further, we used the minimum model to design and analyse a mesocosm experiment, studying the effect of high (+Z) and low (-Z) copepod density on resource allocation, along an organic-C addition gradient. In the Arctic, both effects are plausible due to changes in advection patterns (affecting copepods) and meltwater inputs (affecting carbon). The model predicts a trophic cascade from copepods via ciliates to flagellates, which was confirmed experimentally. Auto- and heterotrophic flagellates affect bacterial growth rate and abundance via competition for mineral nutrients and predation, respectively. In +Z, the model predicts low bacterial abundance and activity, and little response to glucose; as opposed to clear glucose consumption effects in -Z. We observed a more resilient bacterial response to high copepods and demonstrate this was due to changes in bacterial community equitability. Species able to use glucose to improve their competitive and/or defensive properties, became predominant. The observed shift from a SAR11-to a Psychromonodaceae - dominated community suggests the latter was pivotal in this modification of ecosystem function. We argue that this group used glucose to improve its defensive or its competitive abilities (or both). Adding such flexibility in bacterial traits to the model, we show how it creates the observed resilience to top-down manipulations observed in our experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernadette Pree
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Leiknes
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aud Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Bratbak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Øvreås
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Jorun K Egge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roman Spanek
- The Institute of Mechatronics and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Maria L Paulsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngvar Olsen
- Department of Biology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T F Thingstad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zheng Q, Wang Y, Xie R, Lang AS, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhang X, Sun J, Suttle CA, Jiao N. Dynamics of Heterotrophic Bacterial Assemblages within Synechococcus Cultures. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01517-17. [PMID: 29150500 PMCID: PMC5772231 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01517-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms are central to the marine microbial ecosystem. Lab cultures of one of the dominant marine photoautotrophs, Synechococcus, have historically been difficult to render axenic, presumably because these bacteria depend upon other organisms to grow under these conditions. These tight associations between Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria represent a good relevant system to study interspecies interactions. Ten individual Synechococcus strains, isolated from eutrophic and oligotrophic waters, were chosen for investigation. Four to six dominant associated heterotrophic bacteria were detected in the liquid cultures of each Synechococcus isolate, comprising members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacteria-Bacteroides (CFB) group (mainly from Flavobacteriales and Cytophagales), Alphaproteobacteria (mainly from the Roseobacter clade), Gammaproteobacteria (mainly from the Alteromonadales and Pseudomonadales), and Actinobacteria The presence of the CFB group, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria showed clear geographic patterns related to the isolation environments of the Synechococcus bacteria. An investigation of the population dynamics within a growing culture (XM-24) of one of the isolates, including an evaluation of the proportions of cells that were free-living versus aggregated/attached, revealed interesting patterns for different bacterial groups. In Synechococcus sp. strain XM-24 culture, flavobacteria, which was the most abundant group throughout the culture period, tended to be aggregated or attached to the Synechococcus cells, whereas the actinobacteria demonstrated a free-living lifestyle, and roseobacters displayed different patterns depending on the culture growth phase. Factors contributing to these succession patterns for the heterotrophs likely include interactions among the culture community members, their relative abilities to utilize different compounds produced by Synechococcus cells and changes in the compounds released as culture growth proceeds, and their responses to other changes in the environmental conditions throughout the culture period.IMPORTANCE Marine microbes exist within an interactive ecological network, and studying their interactions is an important part of understanding their roles in global biogeochemical cycling and the determinants of microbial diversity. In this study, the dynamic relationships between Synechococcus spp. and their associated heterotrophic bacteria were investigated. Synechococcus-associated heterotrophic bacteria had similar geographic distribution patterns as their "host" and displayed different lifestyles (free-living versus attached/aggregated) according to the Synechococcus culture growth phases. Combined organic carbon composition and bacterial lifestyle data indicated a potential for succession in carbon utilization patterns by the dominant associated heterotrophic bacteria. Comprehending the interactions between photoautotrophs and heterotrophs and the patterns of organic carbon excretion and utilization is critical to understanding their roles in oceanic biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yanting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Curtis A Suttle
- Departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany and Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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9
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Frischkorn KR, Haley ST, Dyhrman ST. Coordinated gene expression between Trichodesmium and its microbiome over day-night cycles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:997-1007. [PMID: 29382945 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-017-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Trichodesmium is a widespread, N2 fixing marine cyanobacterium that drives inputs of newly fixed nitrogen and carbon into the oligotrophic ecosystems where it occurs. Colonies of Trichodesmium ubiquitously occur with heterotrophic bacteria that make up a diverse microbiome, and interactions within this Trichodesmium holobiont could influence the fate of fixed carbon and nitrogen. Metatranscriptome sequencing was performed on Trichodesmium colonies collected during high-frequency Lagrangian sampling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) to identify possible interactions between the Trichodesmium host and microbiome over day-night cycles. Here we show significantly coordinated patterns of gene expression between host and microbiome, many of which had significant day-night periodicity. The functions of the co-expressed genes suggested a suite of interactions within the holobiont linked to key resources including nitrogen, carbon, and iron. Evidence of microbiome reliance on Trichodesmium-derived vitamin B12 was also detected in co-expression patterns, highlighting a dependency that could shape holobiont community structure. Collectively, these patterns of expression suggest that biotic interactions could influence colony cycling of resources like nitrogen and vitamin B12, and decouple activities, like N2 fixation, from typical abiotic drivers of Trichodesmium physiological ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Frischkorn
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Sheean T Haley
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Sonya T Dyhrman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10025, USA. .,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA.
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Pasulka AL, Thamatrakoln K, Kopf SH, Guan Y, Poulos B, Moradian A, Sweredoski MJ, Hess S, Sullivan MB, Bidle KD, Orphan VJ. Interrogating marine virus-host interactions and elemental transfer with BONCAT and nanoSIMS-based methods. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:671-692. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L. Pasulka
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | | | - Sebastian H. Kopf
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder; CO USA
| | - Yunbin Guan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | - Bonnie Poulos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona; AZ USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | | | - Sonja Hess
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; CA USA
| | | | - Kay D. Bidle
- Department of Marine and Coastal Studies; Rutgers University; NJ USA
| | - Victoria J. Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; California Institute of Technology; CA USA
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Decho AW, Gutierrez T. Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) in Ocean Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:922. [PMID: 28603518 PMCID: PMC5445292 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial cells (i.e., bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply exopolymers. These secretions facilitate attachment to surfaces that lead to the formation of structured 'biofilm' communities. In open-water environments, they also lead to formation of organic colloids, and larger aggregations of cells, called 'marine snow.' Secretion of EPS is now recognized as a fundamental microbial adaptation, occurring under many environmental conditions, and one that influences many ocean processes. This relatively recent realization has revolutionized our understanding of microbial impacts on ocean systems. EPS occur in a range of molecular sizes, conformations and physical/chemical properties, and polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and even nucleic acids are actively secreted components. Interestingly, however, the physical ultrastructure of how individual EPS interact with each other is poorly understood. Together, the EPS matrix molecules form a three-dimensional architecture from which cells may localize extracellular activities and conduct cooperative/antagonistic interactions that cannot be accomplished efficiently by free-living cells. EPS alter optical signatures of sediments and seawater, and are involved in biogeomineral precipitation and the construction of microbial macrostructures, and horizontal-transfers of genetic information. In the water-column, they contribute to the formation of marine snow, transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs), sea-surface microlayer biofilm, and marine oil snow. Excessive production of EPS occurs during later-stages of phytoplankton blooms as an excess metabolic by product and releases a carbon pool that transitions among dissolved-, colloidal-, and gel-states. Some EPS are highly labile carbon forms, while other forms appear quite refractory to degradation. Emerging studies suggest that EPS contribute to efficient trophic-transfer of environmental contaminants, and may provide a protective refugia for pathogenic cells within marine systems; one that enhances their survival/persistence. Finally, these secretions are prominent in 'extreme' environments ranging from sea-ice communities to hypersaline systems to the high-temperatures/pressures of hydrothermal-vent systems. This overview summarizes some of the roles of exopolymer in oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, ColumbiaSC, United States
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburgh, United Kingdom
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