1
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Oppenheim J, Sparaciari C, Šoda B, Weller-Davies Z. Gravitationally induced decoherence vs space-time diffusion: testing the quantum nature of gravity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7910. [PMID: 38049417 PMCID: PMC10696068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We consider two interacting systems when one is treated classically while the other system remains quantum. Consistent dynamics of this coupling has been shown to exist, and explored in the context of treating space-time classically. Here, we prove that any such hybrid dynamics necessarily results in decoherence of the quantum system, and a breakdown in predictability in the classical phase space. We further prove that a trade-off between the rate of this decoherence and the degree of diffusion induced in the classical system is a general feature of all classical quantum dynamics; long coherence times require strong diffusion in phase-space relative to the strength of the coupling. Applying the trade-off relation to gravity, we find a relationship between the strength of gravitationally-induced decoherence versus diffusion of the metric and its conjugate momenta. This provides an experimental signature of theories in which gravity is fundamentally classical. Bounds on decoherence rates arising from current interferometry experiments, combined with precision measurements of mass, place significant restrictions on theories where Einstein's classical theory of gravity interacts with quantum matter. We find that part of the parameter space of such theories are already squeezed out, and provide figures of merit which can be used in future mass measurements and interference experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Oppenheim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Carlo Sparaciari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Barbara Šoda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary Weller-Davies
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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2
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Kaneyasu T, Hikosaka Y, Wada S, Fujimoto M, Ota H, Iwayama H, Katoh M. Time domain double slit interference of electron produced by XUV synchrotron radiation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6142. [PMID: 37061592 PMCID: PMC10105747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a new realization of the time-domain double-slit experiment with photoelectrons, demonstrating that spontaneous radiation from a bunch of relativistic electrons can be used to control the quantum interference of single-particles. The double-slit arrangement is realized by a pair of light wave packets with attosecond-controlled spacing, which is naturally included in the spontaneous radiation from two undulators in series. Photoelectrons emitted from helium atoms are observed in the energy-domain under the condition of detecting them one by one, and the stochastic buildup of the quantum interference pattern on a detector plane is recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaneyasu
- SAGA Light Source, Tosu, 841-0005, Japan.
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Y Hikosaka
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - S Wada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - H Ota
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - H Iwayama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Katoh
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
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3
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Celebi Torabfam G, K. Demir G, Demir D. Quantum tunneling time delay investigation of [Formula: see text] ion in human telomeric G-quadruplex systems. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:213-224. [PMID: 36656371 PMCID: PMC9851595 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-rich quadruplex DNA (G-quadruplex) is of interest both in cell biology and nanotechnology. Its biological functions necessitate a G-quadruplex to be stabilized against escape of the monovalent metal cations. The potassium ion ([Formula: see text]) is particularly important as it experiences a potential energy barrier while it enters and exits the G-quadruplex systems which are normally found in human telomere. In the present work, we analyzed the time it takes for the [Formula: see text] cations to get in and out of the G-quadruplex. Our time estimate is based on entropic tunneling time-a time formula which gave biologically relevant results for DNA point mutation by proton tunneling. The potential energy barrier experienced by [Formula: see text] ions is determined from a quantum mechanical simulation study, Schrodinger equation is solved using MATLAB, and the computed eigenfunctions and eigenenergies are used in the entropic tunneling time formula to compute the time delay and charge accumulation rate during the tunneling of [Formula: see text] in G-quadruplex. The computations have shown that ion tunneling takes picosecond times. In addition, average [Formula: see text] accumulation rate is found to be in the picoampere range. Our results show that time delay during the [Formula: see text] ion tunneling is in the ballpark of the conformational transition times in biological systems, and it could be an important parameter for understanding its biological role in human DNA as well as for the possible applications in biotechnology. To our knowledge, for the first time in the literature, time delay during the ion tunneling from and into G-quadruplexes is computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Celebi Torabfam
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güleser K. Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, 35390 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Durmuş Demir
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Maia MR, Jonathan D, de Oliveira TR, Khoury AZ, Tasca DS. Optical computing of quantum revivals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:27180-27195. [PMID: 36236895 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interference is the mechanism through which waves can be structured into the most fascinating patterns. While for sensing, imaging, trapping, or in fundamental investigations, structured waves play nowadays an important role and are becoming the subject of many interesting studies. Using a coherent optical field as a probe, we show how to structure light into distributions presenting collapse and revival structures in its wavefront. These distributions are obtained from the Fourier spectrum of an arrangement of aperiodic diffracting structures. Interestingly, the resulting interference may present quasiperiodic structures of diffraction peaks on a number of distance scales, even though the diffracting structure is not periodic. We establish an analogy with revival phenomena in the evolution of quantum mechanical systems and illustrate this computation numerically and experimentally, obtaining excellent agreement with the proposed theory.
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5
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Lee J, Jeon DJ, Yeo JS. Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006606. [PMID: 33891781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light-matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub-wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material-based nanophotonic research, with potential applications including nonlinear spectroscopies, information processing, single-molecule sensing, organic-molecule devices, and plasmon chemistry. These innovative plasmonics-based technologies can meet the ever-increasing demands for speed and capacity in nanoscale devices, offering ultrasensitive detection capabilities and low-power operations. Size scaling from the nanometer to sub-nanometer ranges is consistently researched; as a result, the quantum behavior of localized surface plasmons, as well as those of matter, nonlocality, and quantum electron tunneling is investigated using an innovative nanofabrication and chemical functionalization approach, thereby opening a new era of quantum plasmonics. This new field enables the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components and provides extreme limits on light-matter interactions, permitting energy transport across the extremely small plasmonic gap. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of quantum plasmonic resonators with particular focus on novel materials is presented. By exploring the novel gap materials in quantum regime, the potential quantum technology applications are also searched for and mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jeon
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
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6
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Kim LY, Lee JH, Kim YT, Park S, Lee CY, Schöllkopf W, Zhao BS. Experimental test of Babinet's principle in matter-wave diffraction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8030-8036. [PMID: 33587734 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05694d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on an experimental test of Babinet's principle in quantum reflection of an atom beam from diffraction gratings. The He beam is reflected and diffracted from a square-wave grating at near grazing-incidence conditions. According to Babinet's principle the diffraction peak intensities (except for the specular-reflected beam) are expected to be identical for any pair of gratings of complementary geometry. We observe conditions where Babinet's principle holds and also where it fails. Our data indicate breakdown conditions when either the incident or a diffracted beam propagates close to the grating surface. At these conditions, the incident or the diffracted He beam is strongly affected by the dispersive interaction between the atoms and the grating surface. Babinet's principle is also found to break down, when the complementary grating pair shows a large asymmetry in the strip widths. For very small strip widths, edge diffraction from half planes becomes dominant, whereas for the complementary wide strips the atom-surface interactions leads to a strong reduction of all non-specular diffraction peak intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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7
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Fiedler J, Walter M, Buhmann SY. Effective screening of medium-assisted van der Waals interactions between embedded particles. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104102. [PMID: 33722018 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of an implicit medium on dispersive interactions of particle pairs is discussed, and simple expressions for the correction relative to vacuum are derived. We show that a single point Gauss quadrature leads to the intuitive result that the vacuum van der Waals C6-coefficient is screened by the permittivity squared of the environment evaluated near to the resonance frequencies of the interacting particles. This approximation should be particularly relevant if the medium is transparent at these frequencies. In this manuscript, we provide simple models and sets of parameters for commonly used solvents, atoms, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fiedler
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- FIT Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Yoshi Buhmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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8
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Qaswal AB, Ababneh O, Khreesha L, Al-Ani A, Suleihat A, Abbad M. Mathematical Modeling of Ion Quantum Tunneling Reveals Novel Properties of Voltage-Gated Channels and Quantum Aspects of Their Pathophysiology in Excitability-Related Disorders. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:116-154. [PMID: 35366274 PMCID: PMC8830480 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated channels are crucial in action potential initiation and propagation and there are many diseases and disorders related to them. Additionally, the classical mechanics are the main mechanics used to describe the function of the voltage-gated channels and their related abnormalities. However, the quantum mechanics should be considered to unravel new aspects in the voltage-gated channels and resolve the problems and challenges that classical mechanics cannot solve. In the present study, the aim is to mathematically show that quantum mechanics can exhibit a powerful tendency to unveil novel electrical features in voltage-gated channels and be used as a promising tool to solve the problems and challenges in the pathophysiology of excitability-related diseases. The model of quantum tunneling of ions through the intracellular hydrophobic gate is used to evaluate the influence of membrane potential and gating free energy on the tunneling probability, single channel conductance, and quantum membrane conductance. This evaluation is mainly based on graphing the mathematical relationships between these variables. The obtained mathematical graphs showed that ions can achieve significant quantum membrane conductance, which can affect the resting membrane potential and the excitability of cells. In the present work, quantum mechanics reveals original electrical properties associated with voltage-gated channels and introduces new insights and implications into the pathophysiology of excitability- related disorders. In addition, the present work sets a mathematical and theoretical framework that can be utilized to conduct experimental studies in order to explore the quantum aspects of voltage-gated channels and the quantum bioelectrical property of biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Barjas Qaswal
- Department of Internship Program, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Omar Ababneh
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Lubna Khreesha
- Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Abdallah Al-Ani
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Suleihat
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (A.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mutaz Abbad
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (A.S.); (M.A.)
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9
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Ghalandari M, Solaimani M. Fractional Young double-slit numerical experiment with Gaussian wavepackets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19458. [PMID: 33173094 PMCID: PMC7656464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we consider the transmission properties of a Gaussian wavepacket when transmits through few double and multi-slit systems in a fractional medium. For this purpose, we have solved the two-dimensional fractional Schrodinger equation utilizing a split-step Fourier method. Then, we have investigated the effects of different parameters such as the number of slits, slit width, barrier width, layer width, layer heights, fractional order, and wavepacket width on the transmission coefficient, and wavepacket evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Solaimani
- Department of Physics, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran.
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10
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Brand C, Kiałka F, Troyer S, Knobloch C, Simonović K, Stickler BA, Hornberger K, Arndt M. Bragg Diffraction of Large Organic Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:033604. [PMID: 32745420 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.033604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate Bragg diffraction of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and the dye molecule phthalocyanine at a thick optical grating. The observed patterns show a single dominant diffraction order with the expected dependence on the incidence angle as well as oscillating population transfer between the undiffracted and diffracted beams. We achieve an equal-amplitude splitting of 14ℏk (photon momenta) and maximum momentum transfer of 18ℏk. This paves the way for efficient, large-momentum beam splitters and mirrors for hot and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brand
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Quantum Technologies, Söflinger Straße 100, 89077 Ulm, Germany
| | - Filip Kiałka
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Troyer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knobloch
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ksenija Simonović
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin A Stickler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Hornberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Jawień W, Kobierski J. The non-compartmental steady-state volume of distribution revisited. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2020; 47:69-75. [PMID: 31900677 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lack in the literature of a simple, yet general and complete derivation of the widely used equation for non-compartmental calculation of steady-state volume of distribution is pointed out. It is demonstrated that the most frequently cited references contain an overly simplified explanation. The logical gap consists in doubly defining the same quantities without a proof the definitions are equivalent. Two alternative solutions are proposed: analytical derivation and hydrodynamic analogy. It is shown, that the problem can be analyzed in a purely macroscopic framework by utilizing the integral mean value of the function, without the need to resort to statistical distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jawień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jan Kobierski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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12
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Liu Y, Ning CG, Wang LS. Double- and multi-slit interference in photodetachment from nanometer organic molecular anions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Chuan-Gang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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13
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Li C, Chai X, Wei B, Yang J, Daruwalla A, Ayazi F, Raman C. Cascaded collimator for atomic beams traveling in planar silicon devices. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1831. [PMID: 31015477 PMCID: PMC6478944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and increasingly, nano-fabrication have enabled the miniaturization of atomic devices, from vapor cells to atom chips for Bose-Einstein condensation. Here we present microfabricated planar devices for thermal atomic beams. Etched microchannels were used to create highly collimated, continuous rubidium atom beams traveling parallel to a silicon wafer surface. Precise, lithographic definition of the guiding channels allowed for shaping and tailoring the velocity distributions in ways not possible using conventional machining. Multiple miniature beams with individually prescribed geometries were created, including collimated, focusing and diverging outputs. A "cascaded" collimator was realized with 40 times greater purity than conventional collimators. These localized, miniature atom beam sources can be a valuable resource for a number of quantum technologies, including atom interferometers, clocks, Rydberg atoms, and hybrid atom-nanophotonic systems, as well as enabling controlled studies of atom-surface interactions at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xiao Chai
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Bochao Wei
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeremy Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anosh Daruwalla
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Farrokh Ayazi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - C Raman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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14
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Mairhofer L, Eibenberger S, Shayeghi A, Arndt M. A Quantum Ruler for Magnetic Deflectometry. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20070516. [PMID: 33265606 PMCID: PMC7513036 DOI: 10.3390/e20070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matter-wave near-field interference can imprint a nano-scale fringe pattern onto a molecular beam, which allows observing its shifts in the presence of even very small external forces. Here we demonstrate quantum interference of the pre-vitamin 7-dehydrocholesterol and discuss the conceptual challenges of magnetic deflectometry in a near-field interferometer as a tool to explore photochemical processes within molecules whose center of mass is quantum delocalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mairhofer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Sandra Eibenberger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Shayeghi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Wien, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-4277-51210
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15
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Cotter JP, Brand C, Knobloch C, Lilach Y, Cheshnovsky O, Arndt M. In search of multipath interference using large molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602478. [PMID: 28819641 PMCID: PMC5553822 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The superposition principle is fundamental to the quantum description of both light and matter. Recently, a number of experiments have sought to directly test this principle using coherent light, single photons, and nuclear spin states. We extend these experiments to massive particles for the first time. We compare the interference patterns arising from a beam of large dye molecules diffracting at single, double, and triple slit material masks to place limits on any high-order, or multipath, contributions. We observe an upper bound of less than one particle in a hundred deviating from the expectations of quantum mechanics over a broad range of transverse momenta and de Broglie wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Cotter
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Brand
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Knobloch
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yigal Lilach
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Sezer U, Geyer P, Kriegleder M, Debiossac M, Shayeghi A, Arndt M, Felix L, Mayor M. Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:325-333. [PMID: 28243571 PMCID: PMC5301912 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in synthetic chemistry and molecular quantum optics has enabled demonstrations of the quantum mechanical wave-particle duality for complex particles, with masses exceeding 10 kDa. Future experiments with even larger objects will require new optical preparation and manipulation methods that shall profit from the possibility to cleave a well-defined molecular tag from a larger parent molecule. Here we present the design and synthesis of two model compounds as well as evidence for the photoinduced beam depletion in high vacuum in one case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Sezer
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Geyer
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Kriegleder
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maxime Debiossac
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Shayeghi
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, VCQ, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Felix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Xingang Rd. W., Guangzhou, China
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17
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Ten years in images. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:836-840. [PMID: 27703247 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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18
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Yan YA. Exciton interference revealed by energy dependent exciton transfer rate for ring-structured molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:024305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-An Yan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nanomaterial Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, China
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19
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Jambrina PG, Aldegunde J, Aoiz FJ, Sneha M, Zare RN. Effects of reagent rotation on interferences in the product angular distributions of chemical reactions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:642-649. [PMID: 28791109 PMCID: PMC5523120 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential cross sections (DSCs) of the HD(v', j') product for the reaction of H atoms with supersonically cooled D2 molecules in a small number of initial rotational states have been measured at a collision energy of 1.97 eV. These DCSs show an oscillatory pattern that results from interferences caused by different dynamical scattering mechanisms leading to products scattered into the same solid angle. The interferences depend on the initial rotational state j of the D2(v = 0, j) reagent and diminish in strength with increasing rotation. We present here a detailed explanation for this behavior and how each dynamical scattering mechanism has a dependence on the helicity Ω, the projection of the initial rotational angular momentum j of the D2 reagent on the approach direction. Each helicity corresponds to a different internuclear axis distribution, with the consequence that the dependence on Ω reveals the preference of the different quasiclassical mechanisms as a function of approach direction. We believe that these results are general and will appear in any reaction for which several mechanisms are operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física I , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 , Spain .
| | - J Aldegunde
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad de Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - F J Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física I , Facultad de Química , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 28040 , Spain .
| | - M Sneha
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , USA .
| | - R N Zare
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-5080 , USA .
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20
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Brand C, Sclafani M, Knobloch C, Lilach Y, Juffmann T, Kotakoski J, Mangler C, Winter A, Turchanin A, Meyer J, Cheshnovsky O, Arndt M. An atomically thin matter-wave beamsplitter. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:845-848. [PMID: 26301904 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Matter-wave interferometry has become an essential tool in studies on the foundations of quantum physics and for precision measurements. Mechanical gratings have played an important role as coherent beamsplitters for atoms, molecules and clusters, because the basic diffraction mechanism is the same for all particles. However, polarizable objects may experience van der Waals shifts when they pass the grating walls, and the undesired dephasing may prevent interferometry with massive objects. Here, we explore how to minimize this perturbation by reducing the thickness of the diffraction mask to its ultimate physical limit, that is, the thickness of a single atom. We have fabricated diffraction masks in single-layer and bilayer graphene as well as in a 1 nm thin carbonaceous biphenyl membrane. We identify conditions to transform an array of single-layer graphene nanoribbons into a grating of carbon nanoscrolls. We show that all these ultrathin nanomasks can be used for high-contrast quantum diffraction of massive molecules. They can be seen as a nanomechanical answer to the question debated by Bohr and Einstein of whether a softly suspended double slit would destroy quantum interference. In agreement with Bohr's reasoning we show that quantum coherence prevails, even in the limit of atomically thin gratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brand
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ, QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Sclafani
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ, QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- ICFO - Institut de Ciènces Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Christian Knobloch
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ, QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yigal Lilach
- The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology at Tel Aviv University
| | - Thomas Juffmann
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ, QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - Jani Kotakoski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, PNM, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Mangler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, PNM, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Winter
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstrasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jannik Meyer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, PNM, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- The Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology at Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv University, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ, QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Simulated Interactive Research Experiments as Educational Tools for Advanced Science. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14108. [PMID: 26370627 PMCID: PMC4572923 DOI: 10.1038/srep14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental research has become complex and thus a challenge to science education. Only very few students can typically be trained on advanced scientific equipment. It is therefore important to find new tools that allow all students to acquire laboratory skills individually and independent of where they are located. In a design-based research process we have investigated the feasibility of using a virtual laboratory as a photo-realistic and scientifically valid representation of advanced scientific infrastructure to teach modern experimental science, here, molecular quantum optics. We found a concept based on three educational principles that allows undergraduate students to become acquainted with procedures and concepts of a modern research field. We find a significant increase in student understanding using our Simulated Interactive Research Experiment (SiReX), by evaluating the learning outcomes with semi-structured interviews in a pre/post design. This suggests that this concept of an educational tool can be generalized to disseminate findings in other fields.
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22
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Donaire M, Guérout R, Lambrecht A. Quasiresonant van der Waals Interaction between Nonidentical Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:033201. [PMID: 26230791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.033201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a time-dependent quantum calculation of the van der Waals interaction between a pair of dissimilar atoms, one of which is initially excited while the other one is in its ground state. For small detuning, the interaction is predominantly mediated at all distances by the exchange of doubly resonant photons between the two atoms. We find that it presents both temporal and spatial oscillations. Spatially oscillating terms depend on the resonant frequencies of both atoms, while the frequency of the time oscillations is given by their detuning. We analyze the physical content of our findings and discuss to what extent previous conflicting stationary approaches provide compatible results. A proper account of causality is found essential in order to obtain the correct result.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Donaire
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - R Guérout
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - A Lambrecht
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4, place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
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23
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How gravity kills Schrödinger's cat. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature.2015.17773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Nesterets YI, Gureyev TE. Young's double-slit experiment: noise-resolution duality. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:3373-3381. [PMID: 25836194 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Statistical aspects of Young's double-slit diffraction experiment are analysed quantitatively. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial resolution in the detected diffraction pattern satisfy a duality relationship which implies that both of them cannot be improved simultaneously beyond a certain limit if the total number of particles forming the image is fixed. As a consequence of this duality, it is possible to estimate the minimal number of particles that have to be detected in order for two slits separated by a given distance to be resolved with a confidence level corresponding to a pre-defined signal-to-noise ratio, e.g. according to the Rose criterion. These results are related to the recently introduced imaging system quality characteristic which combines the spatial resolution and the noise sensitivity, and allows one to estimate the efficiency with which imaging quanta are utilised in a system to deliver maximal amount of information about the imaged object. The presented results can be useful for applications where the imaging quanta are at a premium or where minimization of the radiation dose is important.
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25
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Sculpturing the electron wave function using nanoscale phase masks. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 144:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Shi L, Hakala TK, Rekola HT, Martikainen JP, Moerland RJ, Törmä P. Spatial coherence properties of organic molecules coupled to plasmonic surface lattice resonances in the weak and strong coupling regimes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:153002. [PMID: 24785036 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study spatial coherence properties of a system composed of periodic silver nanoparticle arrays covered with a fluorescent organic molecule (DiD) film. The evolution of spatial coherence of this composite structure from the weak to the strong coupling regime is investigated by systematically varying the coupling strength between the localized DiD excitons and the collective, delocalized modes of the nanoparticle array known as surface lattice resonances. A gradual evolution of coherence from the weak to the strong coupling regime is observed, with the strong coupling features clearly visible in interference fringes. A high degree of spatial coherence is demonstrated in the strong coupling regime, even when the mode is very excitonlike (80%), in contrast to the purely localized nature of molecular excitons. We show that coherence appears in proportion to the weight of the plasmonic component of the mode throughout the weak-to-strong coupling crossover, providing evidence for the hybrid nature of the normal modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - T K Hakala
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - H T Rekola
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - J-P Martikainen
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - R J Moerland
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland and Department of Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, NL-2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P Törmä
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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27
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Juffmann T, Ulbricht H, Arndt M. Experimental methods of molecular matter-wave optics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:086402. [PMID: 23907707 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/8/086402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the state of the art in preparing, manipulating and detecting coherent molecular matter. We focus on experimental methods for handling the quantum motion of compound systems from diatomic molecules to clusters or biomolecules.Molecular quantum optics offers many challenges and innovative prospects: already the combination of two atoms into one molecule takes several well-established methods from atomic physics, such as for instance laser cooling, to their limits. The enormous internal complexity that arises when hundreds or thousands of atoms are bound in a single organic molecule, cluster or nanocrystal provides a richness that can only be tackled by combining methods from atomic physics, chemistry, cluster physics, nanotechnology and the life sciences.We review various molecular beam sources and their suitability for matter-wave experiments. We discuss numerous molecular detection schemes and give an overview over diffraction and interference experiments that have already been performed with molecules or clusters.Applications of de Broglie studies with composite systems range from fundamental tests of physics up to quantum-enhanced metrology in physical chemistry, biophysics and the surface sciences.Nanoparticle quantum optics is a growing field, which will intrigue researchers still for many years to come. This review can, therefore, only be a snapshot of a very dynamical process.
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28
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Schmid P, Stöhr F, Arndt M, Tüxen J, Mayor M. Single-photon ionization of organic molecules beyond 10 kDa. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:602-8. [PMID: 23444050 PMCID: PMC3622019 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The volatilization and soft ionization of complex neutral macromolecules at low energies has remained an outstanding challenge for several decades. Most volatilization techniques in mass spectrometry produce ions already in the source and most of them lead to particle velocities in excess of several hundred meters per second. For many macromolecules, post-ionization is inefficient since electronic or optical excitations can be followed by competing non-ionizing internal conversion, electron recapture, or fragmentation processes. Here, we explore the laser-assisted volatilization of neutral perfluoroalkyl-functionalized tetraphenylporphyrins as well as their single-photon ionization using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light at 157 nm. A systematic investigation of the ionization curves allows us to determine the molecular velocity distribution and ionization cross sections. We demonstrate the detection of single photon ionized intact organic molecules in excess of 10 kDa from a slow molecular beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schmid
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederik Stöhr
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Tüxen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Haslinger P, Dörre N, Geyer P, Rodewald J, Nimmrichter S, Arndt M. A universal matter-wave interferometer with optical ionization gratings in the time-domain. NATURE PHYSICS 2013; 9:144-148. [PMID: 25983851 PMCID: PMC4430817 DOI: 10.1038/nphys2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Matter-wave interferometry with atoms1 and molecules2 has attracted a rapidly growing interest throughout the last two decades both in demonstrations of fundamental quantum phenomena and in quantum-enhanced precision measurements. Such experiments exploit the non-classical superposition of two or more position and momentum states which are coherently split and rejoined to interfere3-11. Here, we present the experimental realization of a universal near-field interferometer built from three short-pulse single-photon ionization gratings12,13. We observe quantum interference of fast molecular clusters, with a composite de Broglie wavelength as small as 275 fm. Optical ionization gratings are largely independent of the specific internal level structure and are therefore universally applicable to different kinds of nanoparticles, ranging from atoms to clusters, molecules and nanospheres. The interferometer is sensitive to fringe shifts as small as a few nanometers and yet robust against velocity-dependent phase shifts, since the gratings exist only for nanoseconds and form an interferometer in the time-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Haslinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Dörre
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Geyer
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Rodewald
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Nimmrichter
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Eibenberger S, Gerlich S, Arndt M, Mayor M, Tüxen J. Matter–wave interference of particles selected from a molecular library with masses exceeding 10 000 amu. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14696-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Parazzoli LP, Hankin AM, Biedermann GW. Observation of free-space single-atom matter wave interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:230401. [PMID: 23368168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We observe matter wave interference of a single cesium atom in free fall. The interferometer is an absolute sensor of acceleration and we show that this technique is sensitive to forces at the level of 3.2×10(-27) N with a spatial resolution at the micron scale. We observe the build up of the interference pattern one atom at a time in a free-space interferometer where the mean path separation extends far beyond the coherence length of the atom. Using the coherence length of the atom wave packet as a metric, we directly probe the velocity distribution and measure the temperature of a single atom in free fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Parazzoli
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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32
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Zhao BS, Schöllkopf W. Fundamental physics: Molecules star in quantum movie. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:277-278. [PMID: 22447159 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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