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de Bartolomeis A, De Simone G, Ciccarelli M, Castiello A, Mazza B, Vellucci L, Barone A. Antipsychotics-Induced Changes in Synaptic Architecture and Functional Connectivity: Translational Implications for Treatment Response and Resistance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123183. [PMID: 36551939 PMCID: PMC9776416 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by alterations in processes that regulate both synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity between brain regions. Antipsychotics are the cornerstone of schizophrenia pharmacological treatment and, beyond occupying dopamine D2 receptors, can affect multiple molecular targets, pre- and postsynaptic sites, as well as intracellular effectors. Multiple lines of evidence point to the involvement of antipsychotics in sculpting synaptic architecture and remodeling the neuronal functional unit. Furthermore, there is an increasing awareness that antipsychotics with different receptor profiles could yield different interregional patterns of co-activation. In the present systematic review, we explored the fundamental changes that occur under antipsychotics' administration, the molecular underpinning, and the consequences in both acute and chronic paradigms. In addition, we investigated the relationship between synaptic plasticity and functional connectivity and systematized evidence on different topographical patterns of activation induced by typical and atypical antipsychotics.
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2
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The M1/M4 preferring muscarinic agonist xanomeline modulates functional connectivity and NMDAR antagonist-induced changes in the mouse brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1194-1206. [PMID: 33342996 PMCID: PMC8115158 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic drugs acting at M1/M4 muscarinic receptors hold promise for the treatment of symptoms associated with brain disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, mood disturbances, or psychosis, such as Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia. However, the brain-wide functional substrates engaged by muscarinic agonists remain poorly understood. Here we used a combination of pharmacological fMRI (phMRI), resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI), and resting-state quantitative EEG (qEEG) to investigate the effects of a behaviorally active dose of the M1/M4-preferring muscarinic agonist xanomeline on brain functional activity in the rodent brain. We investigated both the effects of xanomeline per se and its modulatory effects on signals elicited by the NMDA-receptor antagonists phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine. We found that xanomeline induces robust and widespread BOLD signal phMRI amplitude increases and decreased high-frequency qEEG spectral activity. rsfMRI mapping in the mouse revealed that xanomeline robustly decreased neocortical and striatal connectivity but induces focal increases in functional connectivity within the nucleus accumbens and basal forebrain. Notably, xanomeline pre-administration robustly attenuated both the cortico-limbic phMRI response and the fronto-hippocampal hyper-connectivity induced by PCP, enhanced PCP-modulated functional connectivity locally within the nucleus accumbens and basal forebrain, and reversed the gamma and high-frequency qEEG power increases induced by ketamine. Collectively, these results show that xanomeline robustly induces both cholinergic-like neocortical activation and desynchronization of functional networks in the mammalian brain. These effects could serve as a translatable biomarker for future clinical investigations of muscarinic agents, and bear mechanistic relevance for the putative therapeutic effect of these class of compounds in brain disorders.
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Tricklebank MD, Robbins TW, Simmons C, Wong EHF. Time to re-engage psychiatric drug discovery by strengthening confidence in preclinical psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1417-1436. [PMID: 33694032 PMCID: PMC7945970 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is urgent need for new medications for psychiatric disorders. Mental illness is expected to become the leading cause of disability worldwide by 2030. Yet, the last two decades have seen the pharmaceutical industry withdraw from psychiatric drug discovery after costly late-stage trial failures in which clinical efficacy predicted pre-clinically has not materialised, leading to a crisis in confidence in preclinical psychopharmacology. METHODS Based on a review of the relevant literature, we formulated some principles for improving investment in translational neuroscience aimed at psychiatric drug discovery. RESULTS We propose the following 8 principles that could be used, in various combinations, to enhance CNS drug discovery: (1) consider incorporating the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach; (2) engage the power of translational and systems neuroscience approaches; (3) use disease-relevant experimental perturbations; (4) identify molecular targets via genomic analysis and patient-derived pluripotent stem cells; (5) embrace holistic neuroscience: a partnership with psychoneuroimmunology; (6) use translational measures of neuronal activation; (7) validate the reproducibility of findings by independent collaboration; and (8) learn and reflect. We provide recent examples of promising animal-to-human translation of drug discovery projects and highlight some that present re-purposing opportunities. CONCLUSIONS We hope that this review will re-awaken the pharma industry and mental health advocates to the opportunities for improving psychiatric pharmacotherapy and so restore confidence and justify re-investment in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark David Tricklebank
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK.
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, CB23EB, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Erik H. F. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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4
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Kantrowitz JT, Grinband J, Goff DC, Lahti AC, Marder SR, Kegeles LS, Girgis RR, Sobeih T, Wall MM, Choo TH, Green MF, Yang YS, Lee J, Horga G, Krystal JH, Potter WZ, Javitt DC, Lieberman JA. Proof of mechanism and target engagement of glutamatergic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia: RCTs of pomaglumetad and TS-134 on ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms and pharmacoBOLD in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1842-1850. [PMID: 32403118 PMCID: PMC7608251 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate neurotransmission is a prioritized target for antipsychotic drug development. Two metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonists (pomaglumetad [POMA] and TS-134) were assessed in two Phase Ib proof of mechanism studies of comparable designs and using identical clinical assessments and pharmacoBOLD methodology. POMA was examined in a randomized controlled trial under double-blind conditions for 10-days at doses of 80 or 320 mg/d POMA versus placebo (1:1:1 ratio). The TS-134 trial was a randomized, single-blind, 6-day study of 20 or 60 mg/d TS-134 versus placebo (5:5:2 ratio). Primary outcomes were ketamine-induced changes in pharmacoBOLD in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and symptoms reflected on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Both trials were conducted contemporaneously. 95 healthy volunteers were randomized to POMA and 63 to TS-134. High-dose POMA significantly reduced ketamine-induced BPRS total symptoms within and between-groups (p < 0.01, d = -0.41; p = 0.04, d = -0.44, respectively), but neither POMA dose significantly suppressed ketamine-induced dACC pharmacoBOLD. In contrast, low-dose TS-134 led to moderate to large within and between group reductions in both BPRS positive symptoms (p = 0.02, d = -0.36; p = 0.008, d = -0.82, respectively) and dACC pharmacoBOLD (p = 0.004, d = -0.56; p = 0.079, d = -0.50, respectively) using pooled across-study placebo data. High-dose POMA exerted significant effects on clinical symptoms, but not on target engagement, suggesting a higher dose may yet be needed, while the low dose of TS-134 showed evidence of symptom reduction and target engagement. These results support further investigation of mGluR2/3 and other glutamate-targeted treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Donald C. Goff
- grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY USA ,grid.240324.30000 0001 2109 4251NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Adrienne C. Lahti
- grid.265892.20000000106344187University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | - Lawrence S. Kegeles
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Ragy R. Girgis
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Tarek Sobeih
- grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Melanie M. Wall
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Tse-Hwei Choo
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Yvonne S. Yang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Junghee Lee
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Guillermo Horga
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - William Z. Potter
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA ,grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Lieberman
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
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5
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Ortiz JJ, Portillo W, Paredes RG, Young LJ, Alcauter S. Resting state brain networks in the prairie vole. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1231. [PMID: 29352154 PMCID: PMC5775431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has shown the hierarchical organization of the human brain into large-scale complex networks, referred as resting state networks. This technique has turned into a promising translational research tool after the finding of similar resting state networks in non-human primates, rodents and other animal models of great value for neuroscience. Here, we demonstrate and characterize the presence of resting states networks in Microtus ochrogaster, the prairie vole, an extraordinary animal model to study complex human-like social behavior, with potential implications for the research of normal social development, addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders. Independent component analysis of rsfMRI data from isoflurane-anestethized prairie voles resulted in cortical and subcortical networks, including primary motor and sensory networks, but also included putative salience and default mode networks. We further discuss how future research could help to close the gap between the properties of the large scale functional organization and the underlying neurobiology of several aspects of social cognition. These results contribute to the evidence of preserved resting state brain networks across species and provide the foundations to explore the use of rsfMRI in the prairie vole for basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Wendy Portillo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Raul G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Larry J Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro, 76230, Mexico.
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6
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Functional networks and network perturbations in rodents. Neuroimage 2017; 163:419-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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7
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Rame M, Caudal D, Schenker E, Svenningsson P, Spedding M, Jay TM, Godsil BP. Clozapine counteracts a ketamine-induced depression of hippocampal-prefrontal neuroplasticity and alters signaling pathway phosphorylation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177036. [PMID: 28472198 PMCID: PMC5417651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Single sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine can exacerbate the symptoms of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, yet similar ketamine treatments rapidly reduce depressive symptoms in major depression. Acute doses of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine have also been shown to counteract ketamine-induced psychotic effects. In the interest of understanding whether these drug effects could be modeled with alterations in neuroplasticity, we examined the impact of acutely-administered ketamine and clozapine on in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat’s hippocampus-to-prefrontal cortex (H-PFC) pathway. We found that a low dose of ketamine depressed H-PFC LTP, whereas animals that were co-administrated the two drugs displayed LTP that was similar to a saline-treated control. To address which signaling molecules might mediate such effects, we also examined phosphorylation and total protein levels of GSK3β, GluA1, TrkB, ERK, and mTOR in prefrontal and hippocampal sub-regions. Among the statistically significant effects that were detected (a) both ketamine and clozapine increased the phosphorylation of Ser9-GSK3β throughout the prefrontal cortex and of Ser2481-mTOR in the dorsal hippocampus (DH), (b) clozapine increased the phosphorylation of Ser831-GluA1 throughout the prefrontal cortex and of Ser845-GluA1 in the ventral hippocampus, (c) ketamine treatment increased the phosphorylation of Thr202/Tyr204-ERK in the medial PFC (mPFC), and (d) clozapine treatment was associated with decreases in the phosphorylation of Tyr705-TrkB in the DH and of Try816-TrkB in the mPFC. Further analyses involving phosphorylation effect sizes also suggested Ser831-GluA1 in the PFC displayed the highest degree of clozapine-responsivity relative to ketamine. These results provide evidence for how ketamine and clozapine treatments affect neuroplasticity and signaling pathways in the stress-sensitive H-PFC network. They also demonstrate the potential relevance of H-PFC pathway neuroplasticity for modeling ketamine-clozapine interactions in regards to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rame
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dorian Caudal
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Spedding
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
- Spedding Research Solutions SAS, Le Vesinet, France
| | - Thérèse M. Jay
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bill P. Godsil
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, UMR_S894 Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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8
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Kealy J, Commins S, Lowry JP. The effect of NMDA-R antagonism on simultaneously acquired local field potentials and tissue oxygen levels in the brains of freely-moving rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 116:343-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Preclinical predictors that the orthosteric mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY3020371 will not engender ketamine-associated neurotoxic, motor, cognitive, subjective, or abuse-liability-related effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 155:43-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Kealy J, Bennett R, Woods B, Lowry JP. Real-time changes in hippocampal energy demands during a spatial working memory task. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:59-68. [PMID: 28249730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent changes in hippocampal energy consumption have largely been determined using microdialysis. However, real-time recordings of brain energy consumption can be more accurately achieved using amperometric sensors, allowing for sensitive real-time monitoring of concentration changes. Here, we test the theory that systemic pre-treatment with glucose in rats prevents activity-dependent decreases in hippocampal glucose levels and thus enhances their performance in a spontaneous alternation task. Male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted into the hippocampus with either: 1) microdialysis probe; or 2) an oxygen sensor and glucose biosensor co-implanted together. Animals were pre-treated with either saline or glucose (250mg/kg) 30min prior to performing a single 20-min spontaneous alternation task in a +-maze. There were no significant differences found between either treatment group in terms of spontaneous alternation performance. Additionally, there was a significant difference found between treatment groups on hippocampal glucose levels measured using microdialysis (a decrease associated with glucose pre-treatment in control animals) but not amperometry. There were significant increases in hippocampal oxygen during +-maze exploration. Combining the findings from both methods, it appears that hippocampal activity in the spontaneous alternation task does not cause an increase in glucose consumption, despite an increase in regional cerebral blood flow (using oxygen supply as an index of blood flow) and, as such, pre-treatment with glucose does not enhance spontaneous alternation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kealy
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Rachel Bennett
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Barbara Woods
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John P Lowry
- Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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11
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Khalili-Mahani N, Rombouts SARB, van Osch MJP, Duff EP, Carbonell F, Nickerson LD, Becerra L, Dahan A, Evans AC, Soucy JP, Wise R, Zijdenbos AP, van Gerven JM. Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting-state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state-of-the-Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2276-2325. [PMID: 28145075 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade of research and development in resting-state functional MRI (RSfMRI) has opened new translational and clinical research frontiers. This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying drug interactions with the brain. About 85 pharma-RSfMRI studies using BOLD signal (75% of all) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) were surveyed to investigate the acute effects of psychoactive drugs. Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose-response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration, and translational studies. Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and spectrum of BOLD fluctuations. Overall, RSfMRI-derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However, drugs cause both central and peripheral effects, thus exacerbate difficulties related to biological confounds, structured noise from motion and physiological confounds, as well as modeling and inference testing. Currently, these issues are not well explored, and heterogeneities in experimental design, data acquisition and preprocessing make comparative or meta-analysis of existing reports impossible. A unifying collaborative framework for data-sharing and data-mining is thus necessary for investigating the commonalities and differences in biomarker sensitivity and specificity, and establishing guidelines. Multimodal datasets including sham-placebo or active control sessions and repeated measurements of various psychometric, physiological, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes are essential for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and interpretation of the findings. We provide a list of basic minimum and advanced options that can be considered in design and analyses of future pharma-RSfMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2276-2325, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eugene P Duff
- Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lisa D Nickerson
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P Zijdenbos
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joop M van Gerven
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Cox DA, Gottschalk MG, Wesseling H, Ernst A, Cooper JD, Bahn S. Proteomic systems evaluation of the molecular validity of preclinical psychosis models compared to schizophrenia brain pathology. Schizophr Res 2016; 177:98-107. [PMID: 27335180 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological and genetic rodent models of schizophrenia play an important role in the drug discovery pipeline, but quantifying the molecular similarity of such models with the underlying human pathophysiology has proved difficult. We developed a novel systems biology methodology for the direct comparison of anterior prefrontal cortex tissue from four established glutamatergic rodent models and schizophrenia patients, enabling the evaluation of which model displays the greatest similarity to schizophrenia across different pathophysiological characteristics of the disease. Liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSE) proteomic profiling was applied comparing healthy and "disease state" in human post-mortem samples and rodent brain tissue samples derived from models based on acute and chronic phencyclidine (PCP) treatment, ketamine treatment or NMDA receptor knockdown. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed from significant abundance changes and enrichment analyses enabled the identification of five functional domains of the disease such as "development and differentiation", which were represented across all four rodent models and were thus subsequently used for cross-species comparison. Kernel-based machine learning techniques quantified that the chronic PCP model represented schizophrenia brain changes most closely for four of these functional domains. This is the first study aiming to quantify which rodent model recapitulates the neuropathological features of schizophrenia most closely, providing an indication of face validity as well as potential guidance in the refinement of construct and predictive validity. The methodology and findings presented here support recent efforts to overcome translational hurdles of preclinical psychiatric research by associating functional dimensions of behaviour with distinct biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cox
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Gottschalk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Wesseling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Ernst
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, United Kingdom.
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13
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Li J, Schwarz AJ, Gilmour G. Relating Translational Neuroimaging and Amperometric Endpoints: Utility for Neuropsychiatric Drug Discovery. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 28:397-421. [PMID: 27023366 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Measures of neuronal activation are a natural and parsimonious translational biomarker to consider in the context of neuropsychiatric drug discovery studies. In this regard, functional neuroimaging using the BOLD fMRI technique is becoming more frequently employed to not only probe aberrant brain regions and circuits in disease, but also to assess the effects of novel pharmacological agents on these processes. In the ideal situation, these types of studies would first be conducted pre-clinically in rodents to confirm a measurable functional response on relevant brain circuits before seeking to replicate the findings in an analogous fMRI paradigm in humans. However, the need for animal immobilization during the scanning procedure precludes all but the simplest behavioural task-based paradigms in rodent BOLD fMRI. This chapter considers how in vivo oxygen amperometry may represent a viable and valid proxy for BOLD fMRI in freely moving rodents engaged in behavioural tasks. The amperometric technique and several examples of emerging evidence are described to show how the technique can deliver results that translate to pharmacological, event-related and functional connectivity variants of fMRI. In vivo oxygen amperometry holds great promise as a technique that may help to bridge the gap between basic drug discovery research in rodents and applied efficacy testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Li
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, UK
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Translational Imaging, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Gary Gilmour
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, UK.
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Gozzi A, Schwarz AJ. Large-scale functional connectivity networks in the rodent brain. Neuroimage 2015; 127:496-509. [PMID: 26706448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) of the human brain has revealed multiple large-scale neural networks within a hierarchical and complex structure of coordinated functional activity. These distributed neuroanatomical systems provide a sensitive window on brain function and its disruption in a variety of neuropathological conditions. The study of macroscale intrinsic connectivity networks in preclinical species, where genetic and environmental conditions can be controlled and manipulated with high specificity, offers the opportunity to elucidate the biological determinants of these alterations. While rsfMRI methods are now widely used in human connectivity research, these approaches have only relatively recently been back-translated into laboratory animals. Here we review recent progress in the study of functional connectivity in rodent species, emphasising the ability of this approach to resolve large-scale brain networks that recapitulate neuroanatomical features of known functional systems in the human brain. These include, but are not limited to, a distributed set of regions identified in rats and mice that may represent a putative evolutionary precursor of the human default mode network (DMN). The impact and control of potential experimental and methodological confounds are also critically discussed. Finally, we highlight the enormous potential and some initial application of connectivity mapping in transgenic models as a tool to investigate the neuropathological underpinnings of the large-scale connectional alterations associated with human neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. We conclude by discussing the translational potential of these methods in basic and applied neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gozzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems at UniTn, Rovereto, Italy.
| | - Adam J Schwarz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Francois J, Gastambide F, Conway MW, Tricklebank M, Gilmour G. Dissociation of mGlu2/3 agonist effects on ketamine-induced regional and event-related oxygen signals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4219-29. [PMID: 25943169 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Validating preclinical biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy remains a critical imperative for neuropsychiatric drug discovery. With the establishment of novel in vivo imaging methods, it has become possible to think how such translational proof-of-concept studies may look. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to use in vivo oxygen (O2) amperometry to simultaneously assess the regional and event/task-related O2 changes induced by ketamine challenge in rats, and to determine whether both of these signals are equivalently affected by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268. METHODS O2 signals were measured via carbon paste electrodes implanted in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of rats trained to perform a simple reaction time task (SRT). SRT performance, event-related ACC O2 responses, and regional ACC O2 signal were recorded simultaneously in animals treated with ketamine (10 mg/kg) and/or LY379268 (3 mg/kg). RESULTS A consistent relationship was observed between baseline SRT performance and related ACC O2 signals, suggesting that ACC engagement is likely to be a requirement for optimal task performance. Ketamine induced a robust and consistent slowing in reaction times that was reflected by a delayed event-related ACC O2 signal increase compared to vehicle controls. Ketamine also produced a regional and task-independent 60-min increase in ACC O2 levels which was effectively attenuated by LY379268. However, LY379238 failed to reverse alterations in event-related O2 signals and associated SRT task performance. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise questions about the degree to which such reversals of regional ketamine O2 signals could potentially be claimed to predict drug treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Francois
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, England, UK
| | - Francois Gastambide
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, England, UK.
| | - Michael Warwick Conway
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, England, UK
| | - Mark Tricklebank
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, England, UK
| | - Gary Gilmour
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, England, UK
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Gilmour G, Gastambide F, Marston HM, Walton ME. Using Intermediate Cognitive Endpoints to Facilitate Translational Research in Psychosis. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2015; 4:128-135. [PMID: 26937447 PMCID: PMC4770458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of psychosis have uncovered potential for a paradigm shift in related drug discovery efforts. The study of psychosis is evolving from its origins in serendipity and empiricism to more formal, hypothesis driven accounts of the cognitive substrates underlying hallucinations and delusions. Recent evidence suggests that misattribution of salience and abnormal prediction error might underlie some forms of psychosis. If substantiated, such intermediate constructs could significantly facilitate translational research for drug discovery. Aberrant salience and prediction error can be assayed with simple tests of associative learning in both species, and a convincing back translation of effects, when combined with measures of neurotransmitter release and brain activity could for the first time allow robust, causal connections to be made between molecular mechanisms in rodents and symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Gilmour
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Francois Gastambide
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Hugh M Marston
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, UK
| | - Mark E Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, U.K
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Abstract
While resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can probe intrinsic network connectivity in both human and rodent brain, behavioral modulation of these connectivity patterns has not yet been demonstrated in the rodent due to the requirements of immobilization or anesthesia for MRI scanning. To enable the effects of behavioral tasks on functional connectivity to be measured in freely moving, awake rats, implanted carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) were used to monitor low-frequency fluctuations of tissue oxygenation. Rats were implanted with CPEs in two nodes of the default mode network (DMN) and two nodes in a lateral cortical network, revealing amperometric oxygen correlation patterns consistent with imaging studies. Using a block design study where rats alternated between sustained periods of instrumental response and unscheduled spontaneous behavior, task-induced decreases in functional connectivity were observed between the DMN node pair, but not in the distinct lateral cortical network, demonstrating network-specific modulation of functional connectivity.
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Di Martino A, Fair DA, Kelly C, Satterthwaite TD, Castellanos FX, Thomason ME, Craddock RC, Luna B, Leventhal BL, Zuo XN, Milham MP. Unraveling the miswired connectome: a developmental perspective. Neuron 2015; 83:1335-53. [PMID: 25233316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of mental illnesses can be conceptualized as developmental disorders of neural interactions within the connectome, or developmental miswiring. The recent maturation of pediatric in vivo brain imaging is bringing the identification of clinically meaningful brain-based biomarkers of developmental disorders within reach. Even more auspicious is the ability to study the evolving connectome throughout life, beginning in utero, which promises to move the field from topological phenomenology to etiological nosology. Here, we scope advances in pediatric imaging of the brain connectome as the field faces the challenge of unraveling developmental miswiring. We highlight promises while also providing a pragmatic review of the many obstacles ahead that must be overcome to significantly impact public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Martino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry Departments and Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97329, USA
| | - Clare Kelly
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - R Cameron Craddock
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bennett L Leventhal
- Department of Psychiatry, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 100101, China
| | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA.
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Wesseling H, Rahmoune H, Tricklebank M, Guest PC, Bahn S. A Targeted Multiplexed Proteomic Investigation Identifies Ketamine-Induced Changes in Immune Markers in Rat Serum and Expression Changes in Protein Kinases/Phosphatases in Rat Brain. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:411-21. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5009493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wesseling
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Tricklebank
- Ely Lilly
and
Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill
Road, Windelesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C. Guest
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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