1
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McDermott A, Windeln LM, Valentine JSD, Baldassarre L, Foster AD, Tavassoli A. Next Generation SICLOPPS Screening for the Identification of Inhibitors of the HIF-1α/HIF-1β Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 39312747 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Split-intein circular ligation of proteins and peptides (SICLOPPS) is a method for generating intracellular libraries of cyclic peptides that has yielded several first-in-class inhibitors. Here, we detail a revised high-content, high-throughput SICLOPPS screening protocol that utilizes next-generation sequencing, biopanning, and computational tools to identify hits against a given protein-protein interaction. We used this platform for the identification of inhibitors of the HIF-1α/HIF-1β protein-protein interaction. The revised platform resulted in a significantly higher positive hit rate than that previously reported for SICLOPPS screens, and the identified cyclic peptides were more active in vitro and in cells than our previously reported inhibitors. The platform detailed here may be used for the identification of inhibitors of a wide range of other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie M Windeln
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | | | - Leonardo Baldassarre
- Curve Therapeutics, Delta House, Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, U.K
| | - Andrew D Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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2
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Lei B, Wang S, Zhang X, Chen T, Lin Y. Novel protein ligase based on dual split intein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150097. [PMID: 38754162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Inteins are unique single-turnover enzymes that can excise themselves from the precursor protein without the aid of any external cofactors or energy. In most cases, inteins are covalently linked with the extein sequences and protein splicing happens spontaneously. In this study, a novel protein ligation system was developed based on two atypical split inteins without cross reaction, in which the large segments of one S1 and one S11 split intein fusion protein acted as a protein ligase, the small segments (only several amino acids long) was fused to the N-extein and C-extein, respectively. The splicing activity was demonstrated in E. coli and in vitro with different extein sequences, which showed ∼15% splicing efficiency in vitro. The protein trans-splicing in vitro was further optimized, and possible reaction explanations were explored. As a proof of concept, we expect this approach to expand the scope of trans-splicing-based protein engineering and provide new clues for intein based protein ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lei
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Suyang Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
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3
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Romero‐Casañas A, García‐Lizarribar A, Castro J, Vilanova M, Benito A, Ribó M. Ligation of multiple protein domains using orthogonal inteins with non-native splice junctions. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5070. [PMID: 38864750 PMCID: PMC11168065 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein splicing is a self-catalyzed process in which an internal protein domain (the intein) is excised from its flanking sequences, linking them together with a canonical peptide bond. Trans-inteins are separated in two different precursor polypeptide chains that must assemble to catalytically self-excise and ligate the corresponding flanking exteins to join even when expressed separately either in vitro or in vivo. They are very interesting to construct full proteins from separate domains because their common small size favors chemical synthesis approaches. Therefore, trans-inteins have multiple applications such as protein modification and purification, structural characterization of protein domains or production of intein-based biosensors, among others. For many of these applications, when using more than one trans-intein, orthogonality between them is a critical issue to ensure the proper ligation of the exteins. Here, we confirm the orthogonality (lack of cross-reactivity) of four different trans- or split inteins, gp41-1, gp41-8, IMPDH-1 and NrdJ-1 both in vivo and in vitro, and built different constructs that allow for the sequential fusion of up to four protein fragments into one final spliced product. We have characterized the splicing efficiency of these constructs. All harbor non-native extein residues at the splice junction between the trans-intein and the neighboring exteins, except for the essential Ser + 1. Our results show that it is possible to ligate four different protein domains using inteins gp41-1, IMPDH-1 and NrdJ-1 with non-native extein residues to obtain a final four-domain spliced product with a not negligible yield that keeps its native sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta (IdIBGi)SaltSpain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta (IdIBGi)SaltSpain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta (IdIBGi)SaltSpain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de BiologiaUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta (IdIBGi)SaltSpain
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4
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Smith FR, Meehan D, Griffiths RC, Knowles HJ, Zhang P, Williams HEL, Wilson AJ, Mitchell NJ. Peptide macrocyclisation via intramolecular interception of visible-light-mediated desulfurisation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9612-9619. [PMID: 38939126 PMCID: PMC11206203 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05865d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic methods that enable the macrocyclisation of peptides facilitate the development of effective therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Herein we report a peptide cyclisation strategy based on intramolecular interception of visible-light-mediated cysteine desulfurisation. This method allows cyclisation of unprotected peptides in an aqueous solution via the installation of a hydrocarbon linkage. We explore the limits of this chemistry using a range of model peptides of increasing length and complexity, including peptides of biological/therapeutic relevance. The method is applied to replace the native disulfide of the peptide hormone, oxytocin, with a proteolytically/redox-stable hydrocarbon, and internal macrocyclisation of an MCL-1-binding peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances R Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Declan Meehan
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Rhys C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Harriet J Knowles
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Nicholas J Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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5
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MacNair CR, Rutherford ST, Tan MW. Alternative therapeutic strategies to treat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:262-275. [PMID: 38082064 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Resistance threatens to render antibiotics - which are essential for modern medicine - ineffective, thus posing a threat to human health. The discovery of novel classes of antibiotics able to overcome resistance has been stalled for decades, with the developmental pipeline relying almost entirely on variations of existing chemical scaffolds. Unfortunately, this approach has been unable to keep pace with resistance evolution, necessitating new therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we highlight recent efforts to discover non-traditional antimicrobials, specifically describing the advantages and limitations of antimicrobial peptides and macrocycles, antibodies, bacteriophages and antisense oligonucleotides. These approaches have the potential to stem the tide of resistance by expanding the physicochemical property space and target spectrum occupied by currently approved antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Bao Y, Xing M, Matthew N, Chen X, Wang X, Lu X. Macrocyclizing DNA-Linked Peptides via Three-Component Cyclization and Photoinduced Chemistry. Org Lett 2024; 26:2763-2767. [PMID: 37382883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
While DNA-encoded macrocyclic libraries have gained substantial attention and several hit compounds have been identified from DNA-encoded library technology, efficient on-DNA macrocyclic methods are also required to construct DNA-linked libraries with a high degree of cyclization and DNA integrity. In this paper, we reported a set of on-DNA methodologies, including the use of an OPA-mediated three-component cyclization with native handles of amino acids and photoredox chemistries. These chemistries proceed smoothly under mild conditions in good to excellent conversions, successfully generating novel isoindole, isoindoline, indazolone, and bicyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Bao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Minyan Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Naylor Matthew
- UCB, 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Tang TM, Mason JM. Intracellular Application of an Asparaginyl Endopeptidase for Producing Recombinant Head-to-Tail Cyclic Proteins. JACS AU 2023; 3:3290-3296. [PMID: 38155637 PMCID: PMC10751764 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Peptide backbone cyclization is commonly observed in nature and is increasingly applied to proteins and peptides to improve thermal and chemical stability and resistance to proteolytic enzymes and enhance biological activity. However, chemical synthesis of head-to-tail cyclic peptides and proteins is challenging, is often low yielding, and employs toxic and unsustainable reagents. Plant derived asparaginyl endopeptidases such as OaAEP1 have been employed to catalyze the head-to-tail cyclization of peptides in vitro, offering a safer and more sustainable alternative to chemical methods. However, while asparaginyl endopeptidases have been used in vitro and in native and transgenic plant species, they have never been used to generate recombinant cyclic proteins in live recombinant organisms outside of plants. Using dihydrofolate reductase as a proof of concept, we show that a truncated OaAEP1 variant C247A is functional in the Escherichia coli physiological environment and can therefore be coexpressed with a substrate protein to enable concomitant in situ cyclization. The bacterial system is ideal for cyclic protein production owing to the fast growth rate, durability, ease of use, and low cost. This streamlines cyclic protein production via a biocatalytic process with fast kinetics and minimal ligation scarring, while negating the need to purify the enzyme, substrate, and reaction mixtures individually. The resulting cyclic protein was characterized in vitro, demonstrating enhanced thermal stability compared to the corresponding linear protein without impacting enzyme activity. We anticipate this convenient method for generating cyclic peptides will have broad utility in a range of biochemical and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. M.
Simon Tang
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, North Somerset BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Jody M. Mason
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, North Somerset BA2
7AY, U.K.
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8
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Tai J, Wang L, Chan WS, Cheng J, Chan YH, Lee MM, Chan MK. Pyrrolysine-Inspired in Cellulo Synthesis of an Unnatural Amino Acid for Facile Macrocyclization of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10249-10258. [PMID: 37125745 PMCID: PMC10176472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclization has been touted as an effective strategy to enhance the in vivo stability and efficacy of protein therapeutics. Herein, we describe a scalable and robust system based on the endogenous biosynthesis of a noncanonical amino acid coupled to the pyrrolysine translational machinery for the generation of lasso-grafted proteins. The in cellulo biosynthesis of the noncanonical amino acid d-Cys-ε-Lys was achieved by hijacking the pyrrolysine biosynthesis pathway, and then, its genetical incorporation into proteins was performed using an optimized PylRS/tRNAPyl pair and cell line. This system was then applied to the structurally inspired cyclization of a 23-mer therapeutic P16 peptide engrafted on a fusion protein, resulting in near-complete cyclization of the target cyclic subunit in under 3 h. The resulting cyclic P16 peptide fusion protein possessed much higher CDK4 binding affinity than its linear counterpart. Furthermore, a bifunctional bicyclic protein harboring a cyclic cancer cell targeting RGD motif on the one end and the cyclic P16 peptide on the other is produced and shown to be a potent cell cycle arrestor with improved serum stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Tai
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wai Shan Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuk Hei Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Marianne M Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Michael K Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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9
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Abstract
The ability to manipulate the chemical composition of proteins and peptides has been central to the development of improved polypeptide-based therapeutics and has enabled researchers to address fundamental biological questions that would otherwise be out of reach. Protein ligation, in which two or more polypeptides are covalently linked, is a powerful strategy for generating semisynthetic products and for controlling polypeptide topology. However, specialized tools are required to efficiently forge a peptide bond in a chemoselective manner with fast kinetics and high yield. Fortunately, nature has addressed this challenge by evolving enzymatic mechanisms that can join polypeptides using a diverse set of chemical reactions. Here, we summarize how such nature-inspired protein ligation strategies have been repurposed as chemical biology tools that afford enhanced control over polypeptide composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Pihl
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Yael David
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Jia X, Chin YKY, Zhang AH, Crawford T, Zhu Y, Fletcher NL, Zhou Z, Hamilton BR, Stroet M, Thurecht KJ, Mobli M. Self-cyclisation as a general and efficient platform for peptide and protein macrocyclisation. Commun Chem 2023; 6:48. [PMID: 36871076 PMCID: PMC9985607 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclisation of proteins and peptides results in a remarkable increase in structural stability, making cyclic peptides and proteins of great interest in drug discovery-either directly as drug leads or as in the case of cyclised nanodiscs (cNDs), as tools for studies of trans-membrane receptors and membrane-active peptides. Various biological methods have been developed that are capable of yielding head-to-tail macrocyclised products. Recent advances in enzyme-catalysed macrocyclisation include discovery of new enzymes or design of new engineered enzymes. Here, we describe the engineering of a self-cyclising "autocyclase" protein, capable of performing a controllable unimolecular reaction for generation of cyclic biomolecules in high yield. We characterise the self-cyclisation reaction mechanism, and demonstrate how the unimolecular reaction path provides alternative avenues for addressing existing challenges in enzymatic cyclisation. We use the method to produce several notable cyclic peptides and proteins, demonstrating how autocyclases offer a simple, alternative way to access a vast diversity of macrocyclic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Jia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yanni K-Y Chin
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alan H Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Theo Crawford
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zihan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Brett R Hamilton
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Martin Stroet
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mobli
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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11
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Rosa S, Tagliani A, Bertaso C, Tadini L, Visentin C, Gourlay LJ, Pricl S, Feni L, Pellegrino S, Pesaresi P, Masiero S. The cyclic peptide G4CP2 enables the modulation of galactose metabolism in yeast by interfering with GAL4 transcriptional activity. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1017757. [PMID: 36936986 PMCID: PMC10014601 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1017757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically-encoded combinatorial peptide libraries are convenient tools to identify peptides to be used as therapeutics, antimicrobials and functional synthetic biology modules. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a cyclic peptide, G4CP2, that interferes with the GAL4 protein, a transcription factor responsible for the activation of galactose catabolism in yeast and widely exploited in molecular biology. G4CP2 was identified by screening CYCLIC, a Yeast Two-Hybrid-based combinatorial library of cyclic peptides developed in our laboratory. G4CP2 interferes with GAL4-mediated activation of galactose metabolic enzymes both when expressed intracellularly, as a recombinant peptide, and when provided exogenously, as a chemically-synthesized cyclic peptide. Our results support the application of G4CP2 in microbial biotechnology and, additionally, demonstrate that CYCLIC can be used as a tool for the rapid identification of peptides, virtually without any limitations with respect to the target protein. The possible biotechnological applications of cyclic peptides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rosa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tagliani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bertaso
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Visentin
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@Units), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Lucia Feni
- DISFARM-Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- DISFARM-Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Dockerill M, Winssinger N. DNA-Encoded Libraries: Towards Harnessing their Full Power with Darwinian Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215542. [PMID: 36458812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technologies are transforming the drug discovery process, enabling the identification of ligands at unprecedented speed and scale. DEL makes use of libraries that are orders of magnitude larger than traditional high-throughput screens. While a DNA tag alludes to a genotype-phenotype connection that is exploitable for molecular evolution, most of the work in the field is performed with libraries where the tag serves as an amplifiable barcode but does not allow "translation" into the synthetic product it is linked to. In this Review, we cover technologies that enable the "translation" of the genetic tag into synthetic molecules, both biochemically and chemically, and explore how it can be used to harness Darwinian evolutionary pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent Dockerill
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Ismail M, Martin SR, George R, Houghton F, Kelly G, Chaleil RAG, Anastasiou P, Wang X, O'Reilly N, Federico S, Joshi D, Nagaraj H, Cooley R, Hui NS, Molina-Arcas M, Hancock DC, Tavassoli A, Downward J. Characterisation of a cyclic peptide that binds to the RAS binding domain of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1889. [PMID: 36732563 PMCID: PMC9894841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P110α is a member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzyme family that functions downstream of RAS. RAS proteins contribute to the activation of p110α by interacting directly with its RAS binding domain (RBD), resulting in the promotion of many cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation and survival. Previous work from our lab has highlighted the importance of the p110α/RAS interaction in tumour initiation and growth. Here we report the discovery and characterisation of a cyclic peptide inhibitor (cyclo-CRVLIR) that interacts with the p110α-RBD and blocks its interaction with KRAS. cyclo-CRVLIR was discovered by screening a "split-intein cyclisation of peptides and proteins" (SICLOPPS) cyclic peptide library. The primary cyclic peptide hit from the screen initially showed a weak affinity for the p110α-RBD (Kd about 360 µM). However, two rounds of amino acid substitution led to cyclo-CRVLIR, with an improved affinity for p110α-RBD in the low µM (Kd 3 µM). We show that cyclo-CRVLIR binds selectively to the p110α-RBD but not to KRAS or the structurally-related RAF-RBD. Further, using biophysical, biochemical and cellular assays, we show that cyclo-CRVLIR effectively blocks the p110α/KRAS interaction in a dose dependent manner and reduces phospho-AKT levels in several oncogenic KRAS cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ismail
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Roger George
- Structural Biology, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesca Houghton
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- Structural Biology, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Raphaël A G Chaleil
- Biomolecular Modelling Lab, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Panayiotis Anastasiou
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stefania Federico
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hemavathi Nagaraj
- Peptide Chemistry, Science Technology Platforms, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Cooley
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ning Sze Hui
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David C Hancock
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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14
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Su W, Wang Y, Zou S, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Guo X, Li S. Construction of Peptide Library in Mammalian Cells by dsDNA-Based Strategy. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1037-1046. [PMID: 36643544 PMCID: PMC9835800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While different display technologies, represented by phage display, have been widely used in drug discovery, they still can hardly achieve function-based peptide screening, which in most cases is performed in mammalian cells. And most attempts to screen functional peptides with mammalian platforms utilized plasmids to store coding information. Our previous work established double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) as innovative biological parts to implement AND-gate genetic circuits in mammalian cells. In the current study, we employ dsDNAs with terminal NNK degenerate codons to implement AND-gate genetic circuits and generate peptide libraries in mammalian cells. This dsDNA-based AND-gate (DBAG) peptide library construction strategy is easy to perform, requiring only PCR reaction and cell transfection. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and single-cell sequencing results revealed both peptide length and amino acid sequence diversity of DBAG peptide libraries. Moreover, as a feasibility test of this strategy, we identified an MDM2-interacting peptide by applying the DBAG peptide library to a mammalian cell-based two-hybrid system. Our work establishes dsDNAs with terminal degenerate codons as biological parts to build peptide libraries in mammalian cells, which may have great application potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Su
- School
of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department
of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical
University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,
Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Siqi Zou
- School
of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department
of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical
University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,
Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department
of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical
University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,
Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department
of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical
Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department
of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical
University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,
Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department
of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical
University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,
Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
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15
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Spinck M, Piedrafita C, Robertson WE, Elliott TS, Cervettini D, de la Torre D, Chin JW. Genetically programmed cell-based synthesis of non-natural peptide and depsipeptide macrocycles. Nat Chem 2023; 15:61-69. [PMID: 36550233 PMCID: PMC9836938 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct genetically encoded cell-based synthesis of non-natural peptide and depsipeptide macrocycles is an outstanding challenge. Here we programme the encoded synthesis of 25 diverse non-natural macrocyclic peptides, each containing two non-canonical amino acids, in Syn61Δ3-derived cells; these cells contain a synthetic Escherichia coli genome in which the annotated occurrences of two sense codons and a stop codon, and the cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and release factor that normally decode these codons, have been removed. We further demonstrate that pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs from distinct classes can be engineered to direct the co-translational incorporation of diverse alpha hydroxy acids, with both aliphatic and aromatic side chains. We define 49 engineered mutually orthogonal pairs that recognize distinct non-canonical amino acids or alpha hydroxy acids and decode distinct codons. Finally, we combine our advances to programme Syn61Δ3-derived cells for the encoded synthesis of 12 diverse non-natural depsipeptide macrocycles, which contain two non-canonical side chains and either one or two ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Spinck
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Piedrafita
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wesley E. Robertson
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas S. Elliott
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Cervettini
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel de la Torre
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jason W. Chin
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMedical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Peña N, Bland MJ, Sevillano E, Muñoz-Atienza E, Lafuente I, Bakkoury ME, Cintas LM, Hernández PE, Gabant P, Borrero J. In vitro and in vivo production and split-intein mediated ligation (SIML) of circular bacteriocins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1052686. [PMID: 36452926 PMCID: PMC9703936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1052686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that after synthesis undergo a head-to-tail circularization. Compared to their linear counterparts, circular bacteriocins are, in general, very stable to temperature and pH changes and more resistant to proteolytic enzymes, being considered as one of the most promising groups of antimicrobial peptides for their potential biotechnological applications. Up to now, only a reduced number of circular bacteriocins have been identified and fully characterized, although many operons potentially coding for new circular bacteriocins have been recently found in the genomes of different bacterial species. The production of these peptides is very complex and depends on the expression of different genes involved in their synthesis, circularization, and secretion. This complexity has greatly limited the identification and characterization of these bacteriocins, as well as their production in heterologous microbial hosts. In this work, we have evaluated a synthetic biology approach for the in vitro and in vivo production combined with a split-intein mediated ligation (SIML) of the circular bacteriocin garvicin ML (GarML). The expression of one single gene is enough to produce a protein that after intein splicing, circularizes in an active peptide with the exact molecular mass and amino acid sequence as native GarML. In vitro production coupled with SIML has been validated with other, well described and not yet characterized, circular bacteriocins. The results obtained suggest that this synthetic biology tool holds great potential for production, engineering, improving and testing the antimicrobial activity of circular bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Peña
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ester Sevillano
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lafuente
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis M. Cintas
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Borrero
- Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Wu WH, Guo J, Zhang L, Zhang WB, Gao W. Peptide/protein-based macrocycles: from biological synthesis to biomedical applications. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:815-829. [PMID: 35866174 PMCID: PMC9257627 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00246e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms have evolved cyclic or multicyclic peptides and proteins with enhanced stability and high bioactivity superior to their linear counterparts for diverse purposes. Herein, we review recent progress in applying this concept to artificial peptides and proteins to exploit the functional benefits of these macrocycles. Not only have simple cyclic forms been prepared, numerous macrocycle variants, such as knots and links, have also been developed. The chemical tools and synthetic strategies are summarized for the biological synthesis of these macrocycles, demonstrating it as a powerful alternative to chemical synthesis. Its further application to therapeutic peptides/proteins has led to biomedicines with profoundly improved pharmaceutical performances. Finally, we present our perspectives on the field and its future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Longshuai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Weiping Gao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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18
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Clark ET, Sievers EE, Debelouchina GT. A Chemical Biology Primer for NMR Spectroscopists. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2022; 10-11:100044. [PMID: 35494416 PMCID: PMC9053072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Among structural biology techniques, NMR spectroscopy offers unique capabilities that enable the atomic resolution studies of dynamic and heterogeneous biological systems under physiological and native conditions. Complex biological systems, however, often challenge NMR spectroscopists with their low sensitivity, crowded spectra or large linewidths that reflect their intricate interaction patterns and dynamics. While some of these challenges can be overcome with the development of new spectroscopic approaches, chemical biology can also offer elegant and efficient solutions at the sample preparation stage. In this tutorial, we aim to present several chemical biology tools that enable the preparation of selectively and segmentally labeled protein samples, as well as the introduction of site-specific spectroscopic probes and post-translational modifications. The four tools covered here, namely cysteine chemistry, inteins, native chemical ligation, and unnatural amino acid incorporation, have been developed and optimized in recent years to be more efficient and applicable to a wider range of proteins than ever before. We briefly introduce each tool, describe its advantages and disadvantages in the context of NMR experiments, and offer practical advice for sample preparation and analysis. We hope that this tutorial will introduce beginning researchers in the field to the possibilities chemical biology can offer to NMR spectroscopists, and that it will inspire new and exciting applications in the quest to understand protein function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T. Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Elanor E. Sievers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Galia T. Debelouchina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Division of Physical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
- Corresponding author: Galia Debelouchina, University of California, San Diego, Natural Sciences Building 4322, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, 858-534-3038,
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19
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Kim DI, Han SJ, Lim YB. Unique behaviour of α-helix in bending deformation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4368-4371. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maximum degree of bending that can be tolerated by the rigid rod-like α-helix remains unknown; however, it should be very difficult or even impossible to make α-helices with varying degrees...
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20
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Delivoria DC, Skretas G. The Discovery of Peptide Macrocycle Rescuers of Pathogenic Protein Misfolding and Aggregation by Integrating SICLOPPS Technology and Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening in Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2371:215-246. [PMID: 34596851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1689-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of protein misfolding and aggregation has been widely associated with numerous human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, systemic amyloidosis and type 2 diabetes, the vast majority of which remain incurable. To advance early stage drug discovery against these diseases, investigation of molecular libraries with expanded diversities and ultrahigh-throughput screening methodologies that allow deeper investigation of chemical space are urgently required. Toward this, we describe how Escherichia coli can be engineered so as to enable (1) the production of expanded combinatorial libraries of short, drug-like, head-to-tail cyclic peptides and (2) their simultaneous functional screening for identifying effective inhibitors of protein misfolding and aggregation using a genetic assay that links protein folding and misfolding to cell fluorescence. In this manner, cyclic peptides with the ability to inhibit pathogenic protein misfolding and/or aggregation can be readily selected by flow cytometric cell sorting in an ultrahigh-throughput fashion. This biotechnological approach accelerates significantly the identification of hit/lead molecules with potentially therapeutic properties against devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni C Delivoria
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Development of ULYSSIS, a Tool for the Biosynthesis of Cyclotides and Cyclic Knottins. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Palei S, Mootz HD. Semisynthetic head-to-tail cyclized peptides obtained by combining protein trans-splicing and intramolecular expressed protein ligation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4194-4197. [PMID: 33908454 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dual-intein approach for the preparation of head-to-tail macrocyclic peptides is reported, where synthetic and genetically encoded fragments are ligated by two native peptide bonds. A split intein ligates the synthetic and genetically encoded peptides via protein trans-splicing and is followed by intramolecular cyclization through an expressed protein ligation step mediated with a cis-intein. We identified a suitable pair of orthogonal inteins and optimized the conditions for a one-pot cyclization protocol. We report the semisynthesis of model macrocyles with various ring sizes and of the natural product sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI) along with its ornithine analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhendu Palei
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany. and International Graduate School of Chemistry (GSC-MS), University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Henning D Mootz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany. and International Graduate School of Chemistry (GSC-MS), University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany
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23
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Wang W, Khojasteh SC, Su D. Biosynthetic Strategies for Macrocyclic Peptides. Molecules 2021; 26:3338. [PMID: 34206124 PMCID: PMC8199541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptides are predominantly peptide structures bearing one or more rings and spanning multiple amino acid residues. Macrocyclization has become a common approach for improving the pharmacological properties and bioactivity of peptides. A variety of ribosomal-derived and non-ribosomal synthesized cyclization approaches have been established. The biosynthesis of backbone macrocyclic peptides using seven new emerging methodologies will be discussed with regard to the features and strengths of each platform rather than medicinal chemistry tools. The mRNA display variant, known as the random nonstandard peptide integrated discovery (RaPID) platform, utilizes flexible in vitro translation (FIT) to access macrocyclic peptides containing nonproteinogenic amino acids (NAAs). As a new discovery approach, the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) method involves the combination of ribosomal synthesis and the phage screening platform together with macrocyclization chemistries to generate libraries of macrocyclic peptides. Meanwhile, the split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS) approach relies on the in vivo production of macrocyclic peptides. In vitro and in vivo peptide library screening is discussed as an advanced strategy for cyclic peptide selection. Specifically, biosynthetic bicyclic peptides are highlighted as versatile and attractive modalities. Bicyclic peptides represent another type of promising therapeutics that allow for building blocks with a heterotrimeric conjugate to address intractable challenges and enable multimer complexes via linkers. Additionally, we discuss the cell-free chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides with a non-ribosomal catalase known as the non-ribosomal synthetase (NRPS) and chemo-enzymatic approach, with recombinant thioesterase (TE) domains. Novel insights into the use of peptide library tools, activity-based two-hybrid screening, structure diversification, inclusion of NAAs, combinatorial libraries, expanding the toolbox for macrocyclic peptides, bicyclic peptides, chemoenzymatic strategies, and future perspectives are presented. This review highlights the broad spectrum of strategy classes, novel platforms, structure diversity, chemical space, and functionalities of macrocyclic peptides enabled by emerging biosynthetic platforms to achieve bioactivity and for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dian Su
- Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; (W.W.); (S.C.K.)
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24
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Hayes HC, Luk LYP, Tsai YH. Approaches for peptide and protein cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3983-4001. [PMID: 33978044 PMCID: PMC8114279 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclisation of polypeptides can play a crucial role in exerting biological functions, maintaining stability under harsh conditions and conferring proteolytic resistance, as demonstrated both in nature and in the laboratory. To date, various approaches have been reported for polypeptide cyclisation. These approaches range from the direct linkage of N- and C- termini to the connection of amino acid side chains, which can be applied both in reaction vessels and in living systems. In this review, we categorise the cyclisation approaches into chemical methods (e.g. direct backbone cyclisation, native chemical ligation, aldehyde-based ligations, bioorthogonal reactions, disulphide formation), enzymatic methods (e.g. subtiligase variants, sortases, asparaginyl endopeptidases, transglutaminases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases) and protein tags (e.g. inteins, engineered protein domains for isopeptide bond formation). The features of each approach and the considerations for selecting an appropriate method of cyclisation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Hayes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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25
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Zhang J, Yuan J, Li Z, Fu C, Xu M, Yang J, Jiang X, Zhou B, Ye X, Xu C. Exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides for drug discovery and development. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3096-3117. [PMID: 33599316 DOI: 10.1002/med.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of insulin, natural peptides have become an important resource for therapeutic development. Decades of research has led to the discovery of a long list of peptide drugs with broad applications in clinics, from antibiotics to hypertension treatment to pain management. Many of these US FDA-approved peptide drugs are derived from microorganisms and animals. By contrast, the great potential of plant cyclic peptides as therapeutics remains largely unexplored. These macrocyclic peptides typically have rigid structures, good bioavailability and membrane permeability, making them appealing candidates for drug development and engineering. In this review, we introduce the three major classes of plant cyclic peptides and summarize their potential medical applications. We discuss how we can leverage the genome information of many different plants to quickly search for new cyclic peptides and how we can take advantage of the insights gained from their biosynthetic pathways to transform the process of production and drug development. These recent developments have provided a new angle for exploring and exploiting plant cyclic peptides, and we believe that many more peptide drugs derived from plants are about to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jimin Yuan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjin Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Menglong Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiufeng Ye
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Bowen J, Schneible J, Bacon K, Labar C, Menegatti S, Rao BM. Screening of Yeast Display Libraries of Enzymatically Treated Peptides to Discover Macrocyclic Peptide Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041634. [PMID: 33562883 PMCID: PMC7915732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the construction and screening of yeast display libraries of post-translationally modified peptides wherein site-selective enzymatic treatment of linear peptides is achieved using bacterial transglutaminase. To this end, we developed two alternative routes, namely (i) yeast display of linear peptides followed by treatment with recombinant transglutaminase in solution; or (ii) intracellular co-expression of linear peptides and transglutaminase to achieve peptide modification in the endoplasmic reticulum prior to yeast surface display. The efficiency of peptide modification was evaluated via orthogonal detection of epitope tags integrated in the yeast-displayed peptides by flow cytometry, and via comparative cleavage of putative cyclic vs. linear peptides by tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. Subsequently, yeast display libraries of transglutaminase-treated peptides were screened to isolate binders to the N-terminal region of the Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and its WW domains using magnetic selection and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The identified peptide cyclo[E-LYLAYPAH-K] featured a KD of 1.75 μM for YAP and 0.68 μM for the WW domains of YAP as well as high binding selectivity against albumin and lysozyme. These results demonstrate the usefulness of enzyme-mediated cyclization in screening combinatorial libraries to identify cyclic peptide binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.B.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - John Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.B.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kaitlyn Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.B.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Collin Labar
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.B.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Balaji M. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.B.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, 850 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (B.M.R.)
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27
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González-Muñiz R, Bonache MÁ, Pérez de Vega MJ. Modulating Protein-Protein Interactions by Cyclic and Macrocyclic Peptides. Prominent Strategies and Examples. Molecules 2021; 26:445. [PMID: 33467010 PMCID: PMC7830901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic and macrocyclic peptides constitute advanced molecules for modulating protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Although still peptide derivatives, they are metabolically more stable than linear counterparts, and should have a lower degree of flexibility, with more defined secondary structure conformations that can be adapted to imitate protein interfaces. In this review, we analyze recent progress on the main methods to access cyclic/macrocyclic peptide derivatives, with emphasis in a few selected examples designed to interfere within PPIs. These types of peptides can be from natural origin, or prepared by biochemical or synthetic methodologies, and their design could be aided by computational approaches. Some advances to facilitate the permeability of these quite big molecules by conjugation with cell penetrating peptides, and the incorporation of β-amino acid and peptoid structures to improve metabolic stability, are also commented. It is predicted that this field of research could have an important future mission, running in parallel to the discovery of new, relevant PPIs involved in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario González-Muñiz
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.Á.B.); (M.J.P.d.V.)
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28
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Inteins in Science: Evolution to Application. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122004. [PMID: 33339089 PMCID: PMC7765530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inteins are mobile genetic elements that apply standard enzymatic strategies to excise themselves post-translationally from the precursor protein via protein splicing. Since their discovery in the 1990s, recent advances in intein technology allow for them to be implemented as a modern biotechnological contrivance. Radical improvement in the structure and catalytic framework of cis- and trans-splicing inteins devised the development of engineered inteins that contribute to various efficient downstream techniques. Previous literature indicates that implementation of intein-mediated splicing has been extended to in vivo systems. Besides, the homing endonuclease domain also acts as a versatile biotechnological tool involving genetic manipulation and control of monogenic diseases. This review orients the understanding of inteins by sequentially studying the distribution and evolution pattern of intein, thereby highlighting a role in genetic mobility. Further, we include an in-depth summary of specific applications branching from protein purification using self-cleaving tags to protein modification, post-translational processing and labelling, followed by the development of intein-based biosensors. These engineered inteins offer a disruptive approach towards research avenues like biomaterial construction, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Therefore, this linear perspective allows for a more comprehensive understanding of intein function and its diverse applications.
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29
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Iskandar SE, Haberman VA, Bowers AA. Expanding the Chemical Diversity of Genetically Encoded Libraries. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2020; 22:712-733. [PMID: 33167616 PMCID: PMC8284915 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The power of ribosomes has increasingly been harnessed for the synthesis and selection of molecular libraries. Technologies, such as phage display, yeast display, and mRNA display, effectively couple genotype to phenotype for the molecular evolution of high affinity epitopes for many therapeutic targets. Genetic code expansion is central to the success of these technologies, allowing researchers to surpass the intrinsic capabilities of the ribosome and access new, genetically encoded materials for these selections. Here, we review techniques for the chemical expansion of genetically encoded libraries, their abilities and limits, and opportunities for further development. Importantly, we also discuss methods and metrics used to assess the efficiency of modification and library diversity with these new techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Iskandar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Victoria A Haberman
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Albert A Bowers
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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30
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McAllister TE, Coleman OD, Roper G, Kawamura A. Structural diversity in
de novo
cyclic peptide ligands from genetically encoded library technologies. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom E. McAllister
- Chemistry – School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Oliver D. Coleman
- Chemistry – School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Grace Roper
- Chemistry – School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry – School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford UK
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31
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Sarkar S, Gu W, Schmidt EW. Expanding the chemical space of synthetic cyclic peptides using a promiscuous macrocyclase from prenylagaramide biosynthesis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:7146-7153. [PMID: 33457065 PMCID: PMC7805243 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides are excellent drug candidates, placing macrocyclization reactions at the apex of drug development. PatG and related dual-action proteases from cyanobactin biosynthesis are responsible for cleaving off the C-terminal recognition sequence and macrocyclizing the substrate to provide cyclic peptides. This reaction has found use in the enzymatic synthesis of diverse macrocycles. However, these enzymes function best on substrates that terminate with the non-proteinogenic thiazole/thiazoline residue, complicating synthetic strategies. Here, we biochemically characterize a new class of PatG-like macrocyclases that natively use proline, obviating the necessity of additional chemical or biochemical steps. We experimentally define the biochemical steps involved in synthesizing the widespread prenylagaramide-like natural products, including macrocyclization and prenylation. Using saturation mutagenesis, we show that macrocyclase PagG and prenyltransferase PagF are highly promiscuous, producing a library of more than 100 cyclic peptides and their prenylated derivatives in vitro. By comparing our results to known cyanobactin macrocyclases, we catalog a series of enzymes from this family that should synthesize most small macrocycles. Collectively, these data reveal that, by selecting the right cyanobactin macrocyclase, a large array of enzymatically synthesized macrocycles are accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Sarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Wenjia Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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32
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Shinbara K, Liu W, van Neer RHP, Katoh T, Suga H. Methodologies for Backbone Macrocyclic Peptide Synthesis Compatible With Screening Technologies. Front Chem 2020; 8:447. [PMID: 32626683 PMCID: PMC7314982 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Backbone macrocyclic structures are often found in diverse bioactive peptides and contribute to greater conformational rigidity, peptidase resistance, and potential membrane permeability compared to their linear counterparts. Therefore, such peptide scaffolds are an attractive platform for drug-discovery endeavors. Recent advances in synthetic methods for backbone macrocyclic peptides have enabled the discovery of novel peptide drug candidates against diverse targets. Here, we overview recent technical advancements in the synthetic methods including 1) enzymatic synthesis, 2) chemical synthesis, 3) split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS), and 4) in vitro translation system combined with genetic code reprogramming. We also discuss screening methodologies compatible with those synthetic methodologies, such as one-beads one-compound (OBOC) screening compatible with the synthetic method 2, cell-based assay compatible with 3, limiting-dilution PCR and mRNA display compatible with 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Nelson T, Liang S, Stains CI. A Luminescence-Based System for Identification of Genetically Encodable Inhibitors of Protein Aggregation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12974-12978. [PMID: 32548481 PMCID: PMC7288563 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecules that disrupt protein aggregation represent potential tool compounds for the investigation of numerous human disease states. However, the identification of small molecules capable of disrupting protein aggregation has proven challenging. Larger biomolecules such as antibodies and proteins are promising alternatives due to their increased size. Despite the promise of protein-based inhibitors, generalizable assays are needed to more readily identify proteins capable of inhibiting aggregation. Herein, we utilize our previously reported self-assembling NanoLuc luciferase fragments to engineer a platform in which both detection reagents are expressed from the same plasmid, enabling facile co-transformation with a genetically encodable inhibitor. This streamlined system is capable of detecting changes in the solubility of amylin, huntingtin, and amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins in response to mutations, small-molecule inhibitors, and expression of genetically encodable inhibitors. This improved platform provides a means to begin to identify protein-based inhibitors with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis
J. Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shuo Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Cliff I. Stains
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- University
of Virginia Cancer Center, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Nebraska
Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Cancer
Genes and Molecular Regulation Program, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer
Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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34
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Foster AD, Chung C, Hann MM, Simpson GL, Tavassoli A. Development of a fluorescent three‐hybrid system for the identification of protein‐protein associators. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton UK
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35
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Methods for generating and screening libraries of genetically encoded cyclic peptides in drug discovery. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:90-101. [PMID: 37128052 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery has traditionally focused on using libraries of small molecules to identify therapeutic drugs, but new modalities, especially libraries of genetically encoded cyclic peptides, are increasingly used for this purpose. Several technologies now exist for the production of libraries of cyclic peptides, including phage display, mRNA display and split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins. These different approaches are each compatible with particular methods of screening libraries, such as functional or affinity-based screening, and screening in vitro or in cells. These techniques allow the rapid preparation of libraries of hundreds of millions of molecules without the need for chemical synthesis, and have therefore lowered the entry barrier to generating and screening for inhibitors of a given target. This ease of use combined with the inherent advantages of the cyclic-peptide scaffold has yielded inhibitors of targets that have proved difficult to drug with small molecules. Multiple reports demonstrate that cyclic peptides act as privileged scaffolds in drug discovery, particularly against 'undruggable' targets such as protein-protein interactions. Although substantial challenges remain in the clinical translation of hits from screens of cyclic-peptide libraries, progress continues to be made in this area, with an increasing number of cyclic peptides entering clinical trials. Here, we detail the various platforms for producing and screening libraries of genetically encoded cyclic peptides and discuss and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach when deployed for drug discovery.
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36
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37
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Liszczak G, Muir TW. Barcoding mit Nukleinsäuren: Anwendung der DNA‐Sequenzierung als molekulares Zählwerk. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Liszczak
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Aktuelle Adresse: Department of BiochemistryUT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Tom W. Muir
- Department of ChemistryPrinceton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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38
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Vagstad AL, Kuranaga T, Püntener S, Pattabiraman VR, Bode JW, Piel J. Introduction of
d
‐Amino Acids in Minimalistic Peptide Substrates by an
S
‐Adenosyl‐
l
‐Methionine Radical Epimerase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2246-2250. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Vagstad
- Institute of MicrobiologyEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Takefumi Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Salome Püntener
- Institute of MicrobiologyEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Vijaya R. Pattabiraman
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of MicrobiologyEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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39
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Liszczak G, Muir TW. Nucleic Acid-Barcoding Technologies: Converting DNA Sequencing into a Broad-Spectrum Molecular Counter. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4144-4162. [PMID: 30153374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies sparked a revolution in the field of genomics that has rippled into many branches of the life and physical sciences. The remarkable sensitivity, specificity, throughput, and multiplexing capacity that are inherent to parallel DNA sequencing have since motivated its use as a broad-spectrum molecular counter. A key aspect of extrapolating DNA sequencing to non-traditional applications is the need to append nucleic-acid barcodes to entities of interest. In this review, we describe the chemical and biochemical approaches that have enabled nucleic-acid barcoding of proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous materials and provide examples of downstream technologies that have been made possible by DNA-encoded molecules. As commercially available high-throughput sequencers were first released less than 15 years ago, we believe related applications will continue to mature and close by proposing new frontiers to support this assertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Liszczak
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Tom W Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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40
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Vagstad AL, Kuranaga T, Püntener S, Pattabiraman VR, Bode JW, Piel J. Introduction of d
-Amino Acids in Minimalistic Peptide Substrates by an S
-Adenosyl-l
-Methionine Radical Epimerase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Vagstad
- Institute of Microbiology; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Takefumi Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Salome Püntener
- Institute of Microbiology; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Vijaya R. Pattabiraman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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41
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Sarmiento C, Camarero JA. Biotechnological Applications of Protein Splicing. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:408-424. [PMID: 30734675 PMCID: PMC7135711 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190208110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein splicing domains, also called inteins, have become a powerful biotechnological tool for applications involving molecular biology and protein engineering. Early applications of inteins focused on self-cleaving affinity tags, generation of recombinant polypeptide α-thioesters for the production of semisynthetic proteins and backbone cyclized polypeptides. The discovery of naturallyoccurring split-inteins has allowed the development of novel approaches for the selective modification of proteins both in vitro and in vivo. This review gives a general introduction to protein splicing with a focus on their role in expanding the applications of intein-based technologies in protein engineering and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Sarmiento
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033 USA
| | - Julio A. Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033 USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA9033 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-9121, USA
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42
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Castillo F, Tavassoli A. Genetic Selections with SICLOPPS Libraries: Toward the Identification of Novel Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors and Chemical Tools. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2001:317-328. [PMID: 31134578 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9504-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptide libraries have successfully been employed for the identification of inhibitors of highly challenging targets. While several methodologies exist for the generation of cyclic peptide libraries, genetically encoded libraries hold several advantages over purely in vitro methods of library generation, including the ability to conduct cell-based functional screens and straightforward hit deconvolution. Here we detail the use of split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS) for the identification and optimization of several first-in-class and best-in-class inhibitors. We describe the current advances in the identification of SICLOPPS-derived inhibitors, as well as the optimization of library generation through the use of new inteins. Finally, we discuss the production of more diverse libraries as a way of enhancing the hit rate against difficult protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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43
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Abstract
With the increasing utilization of high-throughput screening for lead identification in drug discovery, the need for easily constructed and diverse libraries which cover significant chemical space is greater than ever. Cyclic peptides address this need; they combine the advantageous properties of peptides (ease of production, high diversity, high potential specificity) with increased resistance to proteolysis and often increased biological activity (due to conformational locking). There are a number of techniques for the generation and screening of cyclic peptide libraries. As drug discovery moves toward tackling challenging targets, such as protein-protein interactions, cyclic peptide libraries are expected to continue producing hits where small molecule libraries may be stymied. However, it is important to design robust systems for the generation and screening of these large libraries, and to be able to make sense of structure-activity relationships in these highly variable scaffolds. There are a plethora of possible modifications that can be made to cyclic peptides, which is both a weakness and a strength of these scaffolds; high variability will allow more precise tuning of leads to targets, but exploring the whole range of modifications may become an overwhelming challenge.
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44
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Di Ventura B, Mootz HD. Switchable inteins for conditional protein splicing. Biol Chem 2018; 400:467-475. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Synthetic biologists aim at engineering controllable biological parts such as DNA, RNA and proteins in order to steer biological activities using external inputs. Proteins can be controlled in several ways, for instance by regulating the expression of their encoding genes with small molecules or light. However, post-translationally modifying pre-existing proteins to regulate their function or localization leads to faster responses. Conditional splicing of internal protein domains, termed inteins, is an attractive methodology for this purpose. Here we discuss methods to control intein activity with a focus on those compatible with applications in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Ventura
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
- BIOSS – Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Henning D. Mootz
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy , Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster , Münster D-48149 , Germany
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45
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Leitch EK, Elumalai N, Fridén-Saxin M, Dahl G, Wan P, Clarkson P, Valeur E, Pairaudeau G, Boyd H, Tavassoli A. Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation with a cyclic peptide that disrupts the homodimerization of IDOL E3 ubiquitin ligase. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5957-5966. [PMID: 30079210 PMCID: PMC6050537 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular uptake of circulating cholesterol occurs via the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). The E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL is a mediator of LDLR degradation, with IDOL homodimerization thought to be required for its activity. To probe the possibility of modulating LDLR levels with an inhibitor of IDOL homodimerization, we screened a SICLOPPS library of 3.2 million cyclic peptides for compounds that disrupt this protein-protein interaction. We identified cyclo-CFFLYT as the lead inhibitor, and improved its activity through the incorporation of non-natural amino acids. The activity of the optimized cyclic peptide was assessed in hepatic cells, with a dose-dependent increase in LDLR levels observed in the presence of our IDOL homodimerization inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh K Leitch
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1RE , UK .
| | | | - Maria Fridén-Saxin
- Medicinal Chemistry , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases , IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Mölndal , 43150 , Sweden
| | - Göran Dahl
- Structure and Biophysics , Discovery Sciences , IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Mölndal , 43150 , Sweden
| | - Paul Wan
- Structure and Biophysics , Discovery Sciences , IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Mölndal , 43150 , Sweden
| | - Paul Clarkson
- AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, 310 Milton Rd , Cambridge , CB4 0FZ , UK
| | - Eric Valeur
- Medicinal Chemistry , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases , IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Mölndal , 43150 , Sweden
| | - Garry Pairaudeau
- AstraZeneca , Cambridge Science Park, 310 Milton Rd , Cambridge , CB4 0FZ , UK
| | - Helen Boyd
- Drug Safety and Metabolism , IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Mölndal , 43150 , Sweden
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Chemistry , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1RE , UK .
- Institute for Life Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , SO17 1BJ , UK
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46
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Structural insights into the backbone-circularized granulocyte colony-stimulating factor containing a short connector. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:224-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hosseini ES, Moniri R, Goli YD, Kashani HH. Purification of Antibacterial CHAP K Protein Using a Self-Cleaving Fusion Tag and Its Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 8:202-210. [PMID: 27797005 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic LysK-CHAP is a potent anti-staphylococcal protein that could be utilized as an antibiotic substitute. Intein-mediated protein purification is a reasonable and cost-effective method that is most recently used for recombinant therapeutic protein production. Intein (INT) is the internal parts of the protein that can be separated from the immature protein during protein splicing process. This sequence requires no specific enzyme or cofactor for separation. INT sequence and their characteristic of self-cleavage by thiol induction, temperature, and pH changes are used for protein purification. The current study presents the expression of CHAPK262 domain of LysK gene that is fused with INT/chitin-binding sequence while evaluating its purification procedure and antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The coding gene sequence of LysK-CHAP (CHAPK262) in pET22-b was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the digested product was then cloned into the pTXB1 vector. Electrophoresis confirmed the cloning accuracy of the gene. The pTXB1-CHAPK262 plasmid was transformed to the Escherichia coli ER2566 (E. coli ER2566) expression strain and analyzed for expression of the recombinant protein by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting methods. Finally, CHAPK262 was purified by chitin affinity column using INT tag technology and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Lytic activity of the purified protein was investigated by disk diffusion method. Cloning of CHAPK262 into the pTXB1 vector, which comprised INT/chitin-binding sequence, was successfully achieved. The SDS-PAGE data also revealed successful expression of the CHAPK262-INT fusion protein and Western blotting method validated the accuracy of the protein. Moreover, purification of CHAPK262 protein was induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Finally, inhibition zone in MRAS culture medium confirmed antibacterial activity of the protein. Application of intein-mediated antibacterial protein is an appropriate and streamlined method for one-step purification of CHAPK262 as a therapeutic and antibacterial protein. Self-cleaving tags like intein are cost-effective and could be used as a proper purification method for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Seyed Hosseini
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Moniri
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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48
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Peptide based therapeutics and their use for the treatment of neurodegenerative and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:574-581. [PMID: 29677544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are actively involved in different biological functions and importantly contribute to human health, and the use of peptides as therapeutics has a long successful history in disease management. A number of peptides have wide-ranging therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic effects. Neurodegenerative diseases are typically caused by abnormal aggregations of proteins or peptides, and the depositions of these aggregates in or on neurons, disrupt signaling and eventually kill neurons. During recent years, research on short peptides has advanced tremendously. This review offers a brief introduction to peptide based therapeutics and their application in disease management and provides an overview of peptide vaccines, and toxicity related issues. In addition, the importance of peptides in the management of different neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic applications is discussed. The present review provides an understanding of peptides and their applications for the management of different diseases, but with focus on neurodegenerative diseases. The role of peptides as anti-cancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents has also been discussed.
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Kick LM, Harteis S, Koch MF, Schneider S. Mechanistic Insights into Cyclic Peptide Generation by DnaE Split-Inteins through Quantitative and Structural Investigation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2242-2246. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard M. Kick
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sabrina Harteis
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Maximilian F. Koch
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Center for Integrated Protein Science; Department of Chemistry; Technische Universität München; Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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50
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Li Y, Sun S, Fan L, Hu S, Huang Y, Zhang K, Nie Z, Yao S. Peptide Logic Circuits Based on Chemoenzymatic Ligation for Programmable Cell Apoptosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14888-14892. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Lin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Shanfang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Northeastern University; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine; Hunan University; Changsha 410081 P. R. China
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Shouzhou Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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