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Azami T, Bassalert C, Allègre N, Estrella LV, Pouchin P, Ema M, Chazaud C. Regulation of ERK signalling pathway in the developing mouse blastocyst. Development 2019; 146:dev.177139. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.177139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the ERK signalling pathway is essential for the differentiation of the inner cell mass (ICM) during mouse preimplantation development. We show here that ERK phosphorylation is present in ICM precursor cells, in differentiated Primitive Endoderm (PrE) cells as well as in the mature, formative state Epiblast (Epi). We further show that DUSP4 and ETV5, factors often involved in negative feedback loops of the FGF pathway are differently regulated. While DUSP4 presence clearly depends on ERK phosphorylation in PrE cells, ETV5 localises mainly to Epi cells. Unexpectedly, ETV5 accumulation does not depend on direct activation by ERK but requires NANOG activity. Indeed ETV5, like Fgf4 expression, is not present in Nanog mutant embryos. Our results lead us to propose that in pluripotent early Epi cells, NANOG induces the expression of both Fgf4 and Etv5 to enable the differentiation of neighbouring cells into PrE while protecting the Epi identity from autocrine signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Azami
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Cécilia Bassalert
- GReD laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Allègre
- GReD laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lorena Valverde Estrella
- GReD laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Pouchin
- GReD laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study 606-8501, Japan
| | - Claire Chazaud
- GReD laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, CRBC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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2
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Liu Y, Holmstrom E, Yu P, Tan K, Zuo X, Nesbitt DJ, Sousa R, Stagno JR, Wang YX. Incorporation of isotopic, fluorescent, and heavy-atom-modified nucleotides into RNAs by position-selective labeling of RNA. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:987-1005. [PMID: 29651055 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2018.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific incorporation of labeled nucleotides is an extremely useful synthetic tool for many structural studies (e.g., NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and X-ray crystallography) of RNA. However, specific-position-labeled RNAs >60 nt are not commercially available on a milligram scale. Position-selective labeling of RNA (PLOR) has been applied to prepare large RNAs labeled at desired positions, and all the required reagents are commercially available. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol for the solid-liquid hybrid phase method PLOR to synthesize 71-nt RNA samples with three different modification applications, containing (i) a 13C15N-labeled segment; (ii) discrete residues modified with Cy3, Cy5, or biotin; or (iii) two iodo-U residues. The flexible procedure enables a wide range of downstream biophysical analyses using precisely localized functionalized nucleotides. All three RNAs were obtained in <2 d, excluding time for preparing reagents and optimizing experimental conditions. With optimization, the protocol can be applied to other RNAs with various labeling schemes, such as ligation of segmentally labeled fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik Holmstrom
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kemin Tan
- Structural Biology Center, Department of Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - David J Nesbitt
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rui Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jason R Stagno
- Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun-Xing Wang
- Protein-Nucleic Acid Interaction Section, Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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3
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Cripto is essential to capture mouse epiblast stem cell and human embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12589. [PMID: 27586544 PMCID: PMC5025790 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Known molecular determinants of developmental plasticity are mainly transcription factors, while the extrinsic regulation of this process has been largely unexplored. Here we identify Cripto as one of the earliest epiblast markers and a key extracellular determinant of the naive and primed pluripotent states. We demonstrate that Cripto sustains mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal by modulating Wnt/β-catenin, whereas it maintains mouse epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) and human ESC pluripotency through Nodal/Smad2. Moreover, we provide unprecedented evidence that Cripto controls the metabolic reprogramming in ESCs to EpiSC transition. Remarkably, Cripto deficiency attenuates ESC lineage restriction in vitro and in vivo, and permits ESC transdifferentiation into trophectoderm lineage, suggesting that Cripto has earlier functions than previously recognized. All together, our studies provide novel insights into the current model of mammalian pluripotency and contribute to the understanding of the extrinsic regulation of the first cell lineage decision in the embryo. Stem cell plasticity is crucial for early embryo development and the differentiation of stem cells. Here, the authors show that the extracellular protein Cripto sustains mouse ESC self-renewal and maintains mouse EpiSC as well as human ESC pluripotency and controls the metabolic reprogramming in ESCs to EpiSC transition.
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4
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Zrazhevskiy P, Akilesh S, Tai W, Queitsch K, True LD, Fromm J, Wu D, Nelson P, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Gao X. Cross-Platform DNA Encoding for Single-Cell Imaging of Gene Expression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Zrazhevskiy
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Pathology; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Wanyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Konstantin Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Pathology; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Jonathan Fromm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Peter Nelson
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - John A. Stamatoyannopoulos
- Department of Genome Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Department of Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98195 USA
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Visualization of the Epiblast and Visceral Endodermal Cells Using Fgf5-P2A-Venus BAC Transgenic Mice and Epiblast Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159246. [PMID: 27409080 PMCID: PMC4943650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (Fgf5) has been widely used as a marker for the epiblast in the postimplantation embryo and epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) in the mouse, making it valuable for study of differentiation of various tissues and epiblast cells in vivo and in vitro. Here, we report for the first time the generation of Fgf5-P2A-Venus BAC transgenic (Tg) mice and show that the BAC Tg can recapitulate endogenous Fgf5 expression in epiblast and visceral endodermal cells of E6.5 and 7.5 embryos. We also show that Fgf5-P2A-Venus BAC Tg mEpiSCs in the undifferentiated state expressed abundant Venus, and upon reprogramming into naïve state, Venus was suppressed. Furthermore, while most Tg mEpiSCs expressed Venus abundantly, surprisingly the Tg mEpiSCs contained a minor subpopulation of Venus-negative cells that were capable of conversion to Venus-positive cells, indicating that even Fgf5 expression shows dynamic heterogeneity in mEpiSCs. Taken together, Fgf5-P2A-Venus BAC Tg mice and mEpiSCs generated in this study will be useful for developmental biology as well as stem cell biology research.
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Zrazhevskiy P, Akilesh S, Tai W, Queitsch K, True LD, Fromm J, Wu D, Nelson P, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Gao X. Cross-Platform DNA Encoding for Single-Cell Imaging of Gene Expression. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8975-8. [PMID: 27273345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integration of imaging data across different molecular target types can provide in-depth insight into cell physiology and pathology, but remains challenging owing to poor compatibility between target-type-specific labeling methods. We show that cross-platform imaging analysis can be readily achieved through DNA encoding of molecular targets, which translates the molecular identity of various target types into a uniform in situ array of ssDNA tags for subsequent labeling with complementary imaging probes. The concept was demonstrated through multiplexed imaging of mRNAs and their corresponding proteins with multicolor quantum dots. The results reveal heterogeneity of cell transfection with siRNA and outline disparity in RNA interference (RNAi) kinetics at the level of both the mRNA and the encoded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Zrazhevskiy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Shreeram Akilesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wanyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Konstantin Queitsch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan Fromm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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7
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Bessonnard S, De Mot L, Gonze D, Barriol M, Dennis C, Goldbeter A, Dupont G, Chazaud C. Gata6, Nanog and Erk signaling control cell fate in the inner cell mass through a tristable regulatory network. Development 2014; 141:3637-48. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During blastocyst formation, inner cell mass (ICM) cells differentiate into either epiblast (Epi) or primitive endoderm (PrE) cells, labeled by Nanog and Gata6, respectively, and organized in a salt-and-pepper pattern. Previous work in the mouse has shown that, in absence of Nanog, all ICM cells adopt a PrE identity. Moreover, the activation or the blockade of the Fgf/RTK pathway biases cell fate specification towards either PrE or Epi, respectively. We show that, in absence of Gata6, all ICM cells adopt an Epi identity. Furthermore, the analysis of Gata6+/− embryos reveals a dose-sensitive phenotype, with fewer PrE-specified cells. These results and previous findings have enabled the development of a mathematical model for the dynamics of the regulatory network that controls ICM differentiation into Epi or PrE cells. The model describes the temporal dynamics of Erk signaling and of the concentrations of Nanog, Gata6, secreted Fgf4 and Fgf receptor 2. The model is able to recapitulate most of the cell behaviors observed in different experimental conditions and provides a unifying mechanism for the dynamics of these developmental transitions. The mechanism relies on the co-existence between three stable steady states (tristability), which correspond to ICM, Epi and PrE cells, respectively. Altogether, modeling and experimental results uncover novel features of ICM cell fate specification such as the role of the initial induction of a subset of cells into Epi in the initiation of the salt-and-pepper pattern, or the precocious Epi specification in Gata6+/− embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bessonnard
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Laurane De Mot
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Manon Barriol
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Cynthia Dennis
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
| | - Albert Goldbeter
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Center at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unité de Chronobiologie théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, CP 231, Brussels B-1050, Belgium
| | - Claire Chazaud
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire GReD, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand F-63001, France
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8
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Artus J, Chazaud C. A close look at the mammalian blastocyst: epiblast and primitive endoderm formation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3327-38. [PMID: 24794628 PMCID: PMC11113690 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During early development, the mammalian embryo undergoes a series of profound changes that lead to the formation of two extraembryonic tissues--the trophectoderm and the primitive endoderm. These tissues encapsulate the pluripotent epiblast at the time of implantation. The current model proposes that the formation of these lineages results from two consecutive binary cell fate decisions. The first controls the formation of the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass, and the second controls the formation of the primitive endoderm and the epiblast within the inner cell mass. While early mammalian embryos develop with extensive plasticity, the embryonic pattern prior to implantation is remarkably reproducible. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms driving the cell fate decision between primitive endoderm and epiblast in the mouse embryo and integrate data from recent studies into the current model of the molecular network regulating the segregation between these lineages and their subsequent differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Artus
- Institut Pasteur, Mouse Functional Genetics, CNRS URA2578, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Chazaud
- Clermont Université, Laboratoire GReD, Université d’Auvergne, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Inserm, UMR1103, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR6293, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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